Brazilian coffee cycle
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In Brazil's economic history, the coffee cycle was a period in which coffee was the main export product of the Brazilian economy. It began in the mid-19th century and ended in 1930. The coffee cycle s
The Bloom (Portuguese: A Florada), painting by Antonio Ferrigno (1903). Ipiranga Museum collection
First Coffee Seedlings, 1760 (Portuguese: Primeiras Mudas de Café, 1760), painting by Alfredo Norfini, Ipiranga Museum collection
Purple soil
Slaves on a coffee plantation circa 1882
Grande Seca
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The Grande Seca, or the Brazilian drought of 1877–1878, was the largest and most devastating drought in Brazilian history. It caused the deaths of between 400,000 and 500,000 people. Of the 800,000 pe
Criança Morta ("Dead Child"), 1944, by Cândido Portinari
Brazilian sertão in the Northeast
Children during the drought, 1878
Railways in Brazil, 19th century