1.
Bridgeport, Connecticut
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Bridgeport is a seaport city in the U. S. state of Connecticut. It is the largest city in the state and is located in Fairfield County at the mouth of the Pequonnock River on Long Island Sound, Bridgeport had a population of 144,229 during the 2010 Census, making it also the 5th-most populous in New England. It is bordered by the towns of Trumbull to the north, Fairfield to the west, the Greater Bridgeport area is the 48th-largest urban area in the United States and forms part of the Greater New York City Area. Bridgeport was inhabited by the Paugussett Indian tribe at the time of its English colonization, the English farming community became a center of trade, shipbuilding, and whaling. The town incorporated itself to subsidize the Housatonic Railroad and rapidly industrialized following its connection to the New York, manufacturing was the mainstay of the local economy until the 1970s. Industrial restructuring and suburbanization caused the loss of jobs and affluent residents, leaving Bridgeport struggling with problems of poverty. In the 21st century, conversion of office and factory buildings to residential use, the showman P. T. Barnum was a resident of the city and served as the towns mayor in the late 19th century. Barnum built four houses in Bridgeport, and housed his circus in town during winter, the first Subway restaurant opened in the North End section of the city in 1965. The Frisbie Pie Company was located here, and Bridgeport is credited as the birthplace of the Frisbee, the first documented English settlement within the present city limits of Bridgeport took place in 1644, centered at Black Rock Harbor along North Avenue and between Park and Briarwood Avenues. The place was called Pequonnock, after a band of the Paugussett, one of their sacred sites was Golden Hill, which overlooked the harbor and was the location of natural springs and their planting fields. The Golden Hill Indians were granted a reservation here by the Colony of Connecticut in 1639 that survived until 1802, a village called Newfield began to coalesce around the corner of State and Water Streets in the 1760s. The area officially known as Stratfield in 1695 or 1701 due to its location between the already existing towns of Stratford and Fairfield. During the American Revolution, Newfield Harbor was a center of privateering, Newfield initially expanded around the coasting trade with Boston, New York, and Baltimore and the international trade with the West Indies. The commercial activity of the village was clustered around the wharves on the west bank of the Pequonnock, in 1800, the village became the Borough of Bridgeport, the first so incorporated in the state. It was named for the Newfield or Lottery Bridge across the Pequonnock, Bridgeport Bank was established in 1806. In 1821, the township of Bridgeport became independent of Stratford, the West India trade died down around 1840, but by that time the Bridgeport Steamship Company and Bridgeport Whaling Company had been incorporated and the Housatonic Railroad chartered. The HRRC ran upstate along the Housatonic Valley, connecting with Massachusettss Berkshire Railroad at the state line, Bridgeport was chartered as Connecticuts fifth city in 1836 in order to enable the town council to secure funding to provide to the HRRC and ensure that it would terminate in Bridgeport. The Naugatuck Railroad—connecting Bridgeport to Waterbury and Winsted along the Naugatuck—was chartered in 1845, the same year, the New York and New Haven Railroad began operation, connecting Bridgeport to New York and the other towns along the north shore of the Long Island Sound
2.
Golden Globe
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
3.
Tony Awards
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Broadway Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
4.
First Blood
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First Blood is an American metalcore band from San Francisco, California, formed in 2002. Their Trustkill Records debut album, released in 2006 is titled Killafornia, in 2010 they released Silence Is Betryal on Bullet Tooth Records. The bands eponymously titled debut EP was released in 2003, in 2004 they released a split EP with Blacklisted, titled The Dead Mans Hand. In 2006, First Blood released their debut full-length album Killafornia through Trustkill Records hit. First Blood went on tour in 2006 with Ignite, Comeback Kid, The Red Chord, Sick Of It All, Stretch Arm Strong, and more as well as an appearance at The New England Metal Fest on Saturday April 29. During 2007, the band toured extensively with the likes of Full Blown Chaos, Since the Flood and Death Before Dishonor with more US dates to come
5.
Gorky Park (film)
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Gorky Park is a 1983 film based on the novel Gorky Park by Martin Cruz Smith. It was directed by Michael Apted, dennis Potter won a 1984 Edgar Award for his screenplay for the film. Pacuła was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture, the film also featured Alexei Sayle as a black marketeer. Three young people are seen ice skating in Gorky Park, three days later, Soviet militsiya officer Arkady Renko investigates the discovery of their bodies a short distance from the skating rink. All have been shot in the chest and mouth, their faces, Renko is left anxious and paranoid when the KGB refuse to take over the investigation. Renko enlists the help of Professor Andreev to reconstruct their faces, at a weekend getaway at the dacha of Chief Prosecutor Iamskoy, Renko makes the acquaintance of the American sable importer Jack Osborne and his girlfriend Irina Asanova. During his investigation, Renko crosses paths with William Kirwill, a New York detective who is in the Soviet Union investigating the disappearance of his brother James. Renko is eventually able to piece together the victims identities, James Kirwill and he discovers that the three were busy constructing a chest for Osborne. Renkos suspicion of Osborne mounts over time, during their polite, when Irina is attacked by a KGB officer who attempts to inject her with a fatal overdose, Renko saves her. Nursing her back to health in his apartment, they begin an affair, Kirwill finally locates the barn where the three victims were building Osbornes chest. It was designed to smuggle six sables out of the country and to break the Soviet monopoly on their fur, Irina stubbornly continues to believe that her friends are alive. Osborne had promised to them out of Soviet Union in return for their work. Renko confronts her with Prof. Andreevs reconstructed head of one of her friends and she confesses the full details of the plot to him and then runs away. Renko and Kirwill go to Andreevs to retrieve the second reconstructed head and they follow him, and Renko is crushed to find they are back at Iamskoys dacha. They watch from a distance as Osborne and Iamskoy supervise the destruction of the head by the KGB agent, to Kirwills horror, it is his brothers head. Renko confronts Iamskoy in a bath house, Iamskoy cordially admits that he kept Renko on the case because Osborne was unwilling to pay a high enough price to smuggle out the sables. Renkos investigation was intended to frighten Osborne into paying more and he offers to cut Renko in on Osbornes kickback. Renko reveals that he has recorded the conversation, and Iamskoy jumps up, in the ensuing struggle, Renkos gun goes off and kills Iamskoy
6.
Silverado (film)
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Silverado is a 1985 American western film produced and directed by Lawrence Kasdan, written by Kasdan and his brother Mark. It stars Kevin Kline, Scott Glenn, Danny Glover and Kevin Costner, the supporting cast features Brian Dennehy, Rosanna Arquette, John Cleese, Jeff Goldblum and Linda Hunt. The film was produced by Columbia Pictures and Delphi III Productions, and distributed to theatres by Columbia, the original soundtrack, with a score composed by Bruce Broughton, was released by Geffen Records. On November 12,2005, an expanded version of the score was released by the Intrada Records label. Silverado premiered in the United States on July 12,1985 and it grossed $32,192,570 at the box office, recouping its $23 million production budget. Through an 11-week run, the film was shown at 1,190 theaters at its widest release, generally met with positive critical reviews, it was nominated for Best Sound and Best Original Score at the Academy Awards. Emmett is ambushed by three men while he sleeps in an isolated shack, in a brief gunfight, he kills all of the assailants. As he sets out for the town of Silverado, Emmett finds a man, Paden, lying in the desert, having been robbed and left to die. Emmett and Paden stop in the town of Turley, where it turns out that Emmetts brother, Jake, is locked up, Paden is thrown in the same cell after he encounters and kills one of the men who robbed him. Emmett aids them in a breakout with the help of Mal, after helping a wagon train of settlers recover stolen money from thieves, then leading them to Silverado, the four men part ways. Emmett had killed McKendricks father years earlier in a gunfight, Emmett also learns that McKendrick hired the men who attempted to kill him upon his release from prison. Mal finds his father Ezra left destitute after his home had been burned down, Mal has a sister, Rae, who has gone off on her own, taking up with Calvin Slick Stanhope, a shifty gambler who works for McKendrick. A ruthless sheriff named Cobb, an old acquaintance of Padens, is now on McKendricks payroll, Cobb arranges for Paden to supervise the gambling in a saloon owned by Cobb and managed by Stella, an honest woman who despises Cobb and welcomes Padens presence. Hannah, a widow from the wagon train, has also caught Padens eye. McKendricks men murder Ezra, burn the land office, and kidnap Emmetts young nephew Augie, so again, Paden, Mal, Emmett. They stampede McKendricks cattle to provide cover for a raid on his ranch, in which most of the bandits are killed, the men return to town, where, in a series of encounters, each defeats his own personal enemy. First, Jake is hunted by Tyree, Cobbs right hand, Mal rescues Rae from Slick and stabs him fatally with his own knife. Emmett and McKendrick battle on horseback, when Emmett rams McKendrick and his mount from a point, his horses hoof strikes McKendrick in the head
7.
Cocoon (film)
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Cocoon is a 1985 American science-fiction fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Ron Howard about a group of elderly people rejuvenated by aliens. The movie stars Don Ameche, Wilford Brimley, Hume Cronyn, Brian Dennehy, Jack Gilford, Steve Guttenberg, Maureen Stapleton, Jessica Tandy, Gwen Verdon, Herta Ware, Tahnee Welch, the film is loosely based on the novel of the same name by David Saperstein. The film was shot in and around St. Petersburg, Florida, locations included the St Petersburg Shuffleboard Club, Sunny Shores Rest Home, The Coliseum, the film earned two Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor and for Best Visual Effects. A sequel, Cocoon, The Return, was released in 1988 in which almost all of the original cast reprised their roles. About 10,000 years ago, peaceful aliens from the planet Antarea set up an outpost on the planet Earth, when Atlantis sank, twenty aliens were left behind, kept alive in large rock-like cocoons at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. Now a group of Antareans have returned to Earth to collect them, disguising themselves as humans, they rent a house with a swimming pool, and charge the water with life force to give the cocooned Antareans energy to survive the trip home. They charter a boat from a captain named Jack, who helps them retrieve the cocoons. Jack likes Kitty, a woman from the team who chartered his boat. When he spies on her while she undresses in her cabin, after the aliens reveal themselves to him and explain whats going on, he decides to help them. Next door to the house the Antareans are renting is Sunny Shores, three of its residents, Ben, Arthur, and Joe, often trespass to swim in the pool next door, thinking the house to be unoccupied. They absorb some of the force, making them feel younger and stronger. Eventually caught in the act, they are given permission to use the pool by the Antarean leader, Walter, rejuvenated with youthful energy, the three men begin to let the advantages of the pool take hold as they are relieved of their ailments. Meanwhile, Kitty and Jack grow closer and decide to make love in the pool, since she cannot do so in the human manner, she introduces him to the Antarean equivalent, in which she shares her lifeforce energy with him. The other retirement home residents become suspicious of the men after witnessing Bens wife Mary climb a tree with their grandson, in a mad frenzy after overhearing Bernies slip-up, all the other elderly residents go to the pool to swim in its waters. When Walter finds them damaging one of the cocoons, he is infuriated and ejects them from the property, later that evening, Bernie finds his wife Rose has stopped breathing and she is unable to wake up. Walter explains that the cocoons cannot now survive the trip back to Antarea, with the help of Jack, Ben, Arthur and Joe, the Antareans return the cocoons to the sea. The Antareans offer to them and 30 other residents of the retirement home with them to Antarea. Most of them accept the offer, but Bernie chooses to remain on Earth, upon leaving, Ben tells his grandson, David, that he and Davids grandma are leaving for good
8.
F/X
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F/X is a 1986 American action-thriller film directed by Robert Mandel, written by Gregory Fleeman and Robert T. Megginson, and starring Bryan Brown, Brian Dennehy, Diane Venora, and Cliff De Young. The film follows an expert in the art of special effects with a built by his work on many low-budget hack-and-slash films such as I Dismember Mama. The Department of Justice hires him to stage the murder of a gangster about to enter the Witness Protection Program and he agrees, but then things get complicated. Meanwhile, a New York City police detective is investigating the faked murder, a sequel, F/X2, The Deadly Art of Illusion, was released in 1991. A spinoff TV series entitled F/X, The Series was produced from 1996 to 1998, roland Rollie Tyler is hired by the Justice Department to stage the murder of mob informant Nicholas DeFranco. DeFranco is set to testify against his former Mafia bosses and go into witness protection, Tyler rigs a gun with blanks and fixes DeFranco up with radio transmitters and fake blood packs to simulate bullet hits. The Justice Department supervisor on the case, Edward Mason, asks Tyler to be the wearing a disguise. He is paid $30,000 and assured by Mason that he is 100% protected, DeFranco wears Tylers rig to an Italian restaurant and the public assassination goes flawlessly. When Tyler is picked up by the Justice agent in charge, Lipton, in the struggle for Liptons gun, the driver is killed and the car crashes, allowing Tyler to escape. He contacts Mason, who instructs him to wait for agents to take him to a safe location. Another man thought to be Tyler is killed by the agents, in the morning, Ellen is shot and killed by a sniper aiming for Tyler. Tyler kills the sniper after a fight when he enters the apartment to finish the job, Manhattan homicide detective Leo McCarthy becomes interested in the case because he has been pursuing DeFranco for years. He discovers that the assassination was faked and that Mason planned it, when he is suspended by his captain for his reckless methods, McCarthy manages to steal his bosss badge and gun. Using an elaborate prank, Tyler brings Lipton out in the open. He stuffs Lipton into the trunk and takes him on a ride to get Masons address out of him. Tyler steals back his impounded van with the help of his assistant, Tyler goes to Masons mansion where, using his special effects expertise, he kills Masons guards. McCarthy arrives and seeing two dead guards at the gate, he alerts the State Police, Mason and DeFranco figure out that Tyler has found them. DeFranco shoots out several windows in Masons study and Tyler falls through one of the windows, Mason and DeFranco try to leave the house when a helicopter arrives, but DeFranco receives an electric shock when he touches the metal screen on an outside door, rigged by Tyler
9.
Knight of Cups (film)
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Knight of Cups is a 2015 American experimental drama film written and directed by Terrence Malick and produced by Nicolas Gonda, Sarah Green and Ken Kao. The film features an ensemble cast, starring Christian Bale as the central character, the title of the film refers to the tarot card, the Knight of Cups. After over two years in post-production, the film premiered in the competition section at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 8,2015 to mixed reviews. The film was released in the United States on March 4,2016 by Broad Green Pictures to further mixed reviews from critics, rick is a film screenwriter living in Los Angeles, California. While hes successful in his career, his life feels empty, haunted by the death of one brother and the dire circumstances of the other, he finds temporary solace in the Hollywood excess that defines his existence. Women provide a distraction to the pain he must endure. The film is divided into eight chapters, plus a prologue, each based around the central characters relationship with somebody in his life. The Moon - Della, a young woman. The Hanged Man - His brother Barry and father Joseph, the Hermit - Tonio, an amoral playboy. Judgment - His physician ex-wife Nancy, the Tower - Helen, a serene model. The High Priestess - Karen, a spirited, playful stripper, death - Elizabeth, a married woman with whom he has a relationship and who becomes pregnant with a child that may be his. Freedom - Isabel, an innocent who helps him see a way forward, the film is narrated by Ben Kingsley In November 2011, the film was announced with Cate Blanchett, Christian Bale and Isabel Lucas mentioned as cast. It was also announced the film would be shot back-to-back with Song to Song, for preparation, Bale read Walker Percys book The Moviegoer, which was suggested to him by Malick. Production on the began in June 2012, and lasted nine weeks. Although a script was written, Bale received no pages from it, as such, Bale would later admit that while filming, he was unclear about what the final film would actually be. In addition to a studio, the cast also recorded their voice-over work in nontraditional places. The film spent two years in post-production, which consisted of a group of editors in the beginning. The film premiered in the competition section at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 8,2015
10.
Wire service
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A news agency is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a service, newswire. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy, o achieve such wide acceptability, demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity, though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises – or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. Only a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city and they relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas in France and the Associated Press in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in Britain and Wolff in Germany, for international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers. In the 1830s, France had several specialized agencies, Agence Havas was founded in 1835 by a Parisian translator and advertising agent, Charles-Louis Havas, to supply news about France to foreign customers. In the 1840s, Havas gradually incorporated other French agencies into his agency, Agence Havas evolved into Agence France-Presse. Two of his employees, Bernhard Wolff and Paul Julius Reuter, later set up rival news agencies, Wolffs Telegraphisches Bureau in 1849 in Berlin and Reuters in 1851 in London. Guglielmo Stefani founded the Agenzia Stefani, which became the most important press agency in Italy from the century to World War II. The development of the telegraph in the 1850s led to the creation of national agencies in England, Germany, Austria. In the United States, the judgment in Inter Ocean Publishing v. Associated Press facilitated competition by requiring agencies to accept all newspapers wishing to join. Driven by the huge U. S. domestic market, boosted by the success of radio. They were concerned about the success of U. S. agencies from other European countries which sought to create national agencies after the First World War. Reuters had been weakened by war censorship, which promoted the creation of newspapers in the Commonwealth and national agencies in Asia. After the Second World War, the movement for the creation of national agencies accelerated, when accessing the independence of former colonies, in 1924, Benito Mussolini placed Agenzia Stefani under the direction of Manlio Morgagni, who expanded the agencys reach significantly both within Italy and abroad
11.
Associated Press
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The Associated Press is an American multinational nonprofit news agency headquartered in New York City that operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. The AP is owned by its contributing newspapers and radio and television stations in the United States, all of which stories to the AP. Most of the AP staff are members and are represented by the Newspaper Guild, which operates under the Communications Workers of America. As of 2007, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5,000 television, the photograph library of the AP consists of over 10 million images. The AP operates 243 news bureaus in 120 countries and it also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, as part of their cooperative agreement with the AP, most member news organizations grant automatic permission for the AP to distribute their local news reports. The AP employs the inverted pyramid formula for writing that enables the news outlets to edit a story to fit its available publication area without losing the storys essentials. Cutbacks at rival United Press International in 1993 left the AP as the United States primary news service, although UPI still produces and distributes stories and photos daily. Other English-language news services, such as the BBC, Reuters, some historians believe that the Tribune joined at this time, documents show it was a member in 1849. The New York Times became a member shortly after its founding in September 1851, initially known as the New York Associated Press, the organization faced competition from the Western Associated Press, which criticized its monopolistic news gathering and price setting practices. The revelations led to the demise of the NYAP and in December 1892, when the AP was founded, news became a salable commodity. The invention of the press allowed the New York Tribune in the 1870s to print 18,000 papers per hour. During the Civil War and Spanish–American War, there was a new incentive to print vivid, Melville Stone, who had founded the Chicago Daily News in 1875, served as AP General Manager from 1893 to 1921. He embraced the standards of accuracy, impartiality, and integrity, the cooperative grew rapidly under the leadership of Kent Cooper, who built up bureau staff in South America, Europe and, the Middle East. He introduced the telegraph typewriter or teletypewriter into newsrooms in 1914, in 1935, AP launched the Wirephoto network, which allowed transmission of news photographs over leased private telephone lines on the day they were taken. This gave AP a major advantage over other media outlets. While the first network was only between New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, eventually AP had its network across the whole United States, in 1945, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Associated Press v. The decision facilitated the growth of its main rival United Press International, AP entered the broadcast field in 1941 when it began distributing news to radio stations, it created its own radio network in 1974
12.
Irish people
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The Irish people are a nation and ethnic group native to the island of Ireland, who share a common Irish ancestry, identity and culture. Ireland has been inhabited for about 9,000 years according to archaeological studies, for most of Irelands recorded history, the Irish have been primarily a Gaelic people. Today, Ireland is made up of the Republic of Ireland, the people of Northern Ireland hold various national identities, including Irish, Northern Irish, British, or some combination thereof. The Irish have their own customs, language, music, dance, sports, cuisine, although Irish was their main language in the past, today the huge majority of Irish people speak English as their first language. Historically, the Irish nation was made up of kin groups or clans, there have been many notable Irish people throughout history. After Irelands conversion to Christianity, Irish missionaries and scholars exerted great influence on Western Europe, the 6th-century Irish monk and missionary Columbanus is regarded as one of the fathers of Europe, followed by saints Cillian and Fergal. The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the father of chemistry, famous Irish writers include Oscar Wilde, W. B. Yeats, George Bernard Shaw, Bram Stoker and James Joyce, notable Irish explorers include Brendan the Navigator, Robert McClure, Ernest Shackleton and Tom Crean. By some accounts, the first European child born in North America had Irish descent on both sides, many presidents of the United States have had some Irish ancestry. The population of Ireland is about 6.3 million, but it is estimated that 50 to 80 million people around the world have Irish forebears, historically, emigration from Ireland has been the result of conflict, famine and economic issues. People of Irish descent are mainly in English-speaking countries, especially the United Kingdom. There are also significant numbers in Argentina, Mexico and New Zealand, the United States has the most people of Irish descent, while in Australia those of Irish descent are a higher percentage of the population than in any other country. Many Icelanders have Irish and Scottish Gaelic forebears, in its summary of their article Who were the Celts. The National Museum Wales notes It is possible that genetic studies of ancient. However, early studies have, so far, tended to produce implausible conclusions from very small numbers of people and using outdated assumptions about linguistics, nineteenth century anthropology studied the physical characteristics of Irish people in minute detail. During the past 10,000 years of inhabitation, Ireland has witnessed some different peoples arrive on its shores, the ancient peoples of Ireland—such as the creators of the Céide Fields and Newgrange—are almost unknown. Neither their languages nor terms they used to describe themselves have survived, as late as the middle centuries of the 1st millennium the inhabitants of Ireland did not appear to have a collective name for themselves. Ireland itself was known by a number of different names, including Banba, Fódla, Ériu by the islanders, Iouerne and Hiverne to the Greeks, other Latin names for people from Ireland in Classic and Mediaeval sources include Attacotti and Gael
13.
Roman Catholic
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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
14.
Long Island, New York
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Long Island is an island located just off the northeast coast of the United States and a region within the U. S. state of New York. Stretching east-northeast from New York Harbor into the Atlantic Ocean, the island comprises four counties, Kings and Queens to the west, then Nassau, more generally, Long Island may also refer collectively both to the main Island as well as its nearby, surrounding outer barrier islands. North of the island is the Long Island Sound, across from which lie the states of Connecticut, across the Sound, to the northwest, lies Westchester County on mainland New York. To the west, Long Island is separated from the Bronx and the island of Manhattan by the East River. To the extreme southwest, it is separated from the New York City borough of Staten Island and the U. S. state of New Jersey by Upper New York Bay, the Narrows, to the east lie Block Island and numerous smaller islands. Its population density is 5,595.1 inhabitants per square mile, Long Island is culturally and ethnically diverse. Some of the wealthiest and most expensive neighborhoods in the Western Hemisphere are located on Long Island, nine bridges and 13 tunnels connect Brooklyn and Queens to the three other boroughs of New York City. Ferries connect Suffolk County northward across Long Island Sound to the state of Connecticut, the Long Island Rail Road is the busiest commuter railroad in North America and operates 24/7. At the time of European contact, the Lenape people inhabited the western end of Long Island, giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to record an encounter with the Lenapes, after entering what is now New York Bay in 1524. In 1609, the English navigator Henry Hudson explored the harbor, adriaen Block followed in 1615 and is credited as the first European to determine that both Manhattan and Long Island are islands. Native American land deeds recorded by the Dutch from 1636 state that the Indians referred to Long Island as Sewanhaka, sewan was one of the terms for wampum, and is also translated as loose or scattered, which may refer either to the wampum or to Long Island. The name t Lange Eylandt alias Matouwacs appears in Dutch maps from the 1650s, later, the English referred to the land as Nassau Island, after the Dutch Prince William of Nassau, Prince of Orange. It is unclear when the name Nassau Island was discontinued, the very first settlements on Long Island were by settlers from England and its colonies in present-day New England. Lion Gardiner settled nearby Gardiners Island, the first settlement on the geographic Long Island itself was on October 21,1640, when Southold was established by the Rev. John Youngs and settlers from New Haven, Connecticut. Peter Hallock, one of the settlers, drew the long straw and was granted the honor to step ashore first and he is considered the first New World settler on Long Island. Southampton was settled in the same year, Hempstead followed in 1644, East Hampton in 1648, Huntington in 1653, and Brookhaven in 1655. While the eastern region of Long Island was first settled by the English, until 1664, the jurisdiction of Long Island was split, roughly at the present border between Nassau County and Suffolk County. The Dutch founded six towns in present-day Brooklyn beginning in 1645 and these included, Brooklyn, Gravesend, Flatlands, Flatbush, New Utrecht, and Bushwick
15.
Chaminade High School
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Chaminade High School is a Roman Catholic college preparatory high school for boys in Mineola, New York, United States. The school was founded in 1930 by the Society of Mary, the school is named after William Joseph Chaminade, S. M. who founded the Marianist order in 1817, and who was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 2000. Operated by the Marianists, Chaminade is independent of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockville Centre, the student body numbers over 1,700, mostly from Long Island]], and neighboring New York City. The administration and faculty consists of both Marianists and lay men and women, in senior year students take an additional year of either art or music appreciation. Chaminade is known for its rigorous academic program, and average SAT scores are consistently well above the national average, historically,100 percent of Chaminade graduates are accepted into college, and each year more than 99 percent attend college. In 2014, all 399 graduates were accepted to college, and 284 students were awarded one or more scholarship, Chaminade has a large and diverse selection of co-curricular and extra-curricular activities, with more than 90 percent of the students participating in at least one activity. Additionally, more than half of students participate on at least one interscholastic athletic team, the school newspaper is called Tarmac, a term for airport pavement. All students take four years of religion, beginning with biblical and salvation history, followed by Christian humanism, students have the opportunity for the sacrament of reconciliation every Tuesday and Thursday, while eucharistic adoration is offered every Monday to students and faculty. A short prayer service is offered daily before lunch. Eichner, then president of Chaminade, established a permanent school endowment known as the Torch Fund, together with Gary Eck, the director of development at the time, Eichner envisioned a time when the schools tuition would be capped, if not eventually lowered. The Torch Funds principal has grown substantially over the years, for the 2016-2017 school year, interest from the fund pays $1,650 of the tuition cost for each student, resulting in parents having to pay $10,453 tuition per student. Other== Chaminades musical performance groups include three concert bands, an orchestra, a pep band, a jazz band, a bagpipe corps, junior and senior glee clubs. The school produces two plays each year, a production in the Fall and a musical production in the Spring. Student publications include the newspaper, the yearbook, and the literary magazine. In 2014, Tarmac was named the one high school newspaper in New York State by the New York Press Association. The schools Robert C. Wright Speech and Debate Team competes in local and national events, Chaminade owns a theater pipe organ having 3 manuals and 15 ranks, in the schools 1,200 seat Darby Auditorium. The organ consists of a Robert Morton console with ranks by Wurlitzer, Robert Morton, Austin, Chaminades Activity-Athletic Center opened in 2007, with a main arena that seats 1,500 for basketball games and 2,500 for Masses and non-athletic events. The facility incorporates a 1/10 mile indoor track suspended over the arena, a wrestling room
16.
Mineola, New York
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Mineola is a village in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, USA. The population was 18,799 at the 2010 census, the name is derived from an Algonquin word meaning a pleasant place. Most of the Incorporated Village of Mineola is in the Town of North Hempstead, Old Country Road runs along the villages southern border. The area serviced by the Mineola Post Office extends farther south into the adjacent village of Garden City, New York, offices of many Nassau County agencies are in both Mineola and Garden City. The central, flat, grassy part of Long Island was originally named Hempstead Plains, in the 19th century various communities were started. One of them was called Hempstead Branch, and finally, Mineola, Long Island was part of Henry Hudsons original claim in the name of the Dutch East India Company dating as far back as 1609. In the 18th century the Dutch and English settlers worked to clear farmland to start their life on the Hempstead Plains and it was in 1858 when this land was named after an Algonquin Indian Chief, Miniolagamika meaning, Pleasant Village. The name was shortened and altered to Mineola. From about 1787 until the 1870s, the area was the county seat for Queens County, in a section known as Clowesville. The western portion of Queens became a borough of New York City in 1898, voters selected Mineola to be the county seat for the new county of Nassau in November 1898, winning out over Hicksville and Hempstead. The Garden City Company donated four acres of land for the county buildings just south of the Mineola train station, Mineola officially became the County Seat on July 13,1900, as Governor Theodore Roosevelt laid the cornerstone of the Nassau County Court House. A celebration was held to commemorate the occasion on the barren 5-acre site at the corner of Old Country Road, many dignitaries were present to witness this event such as Frederick Hicks, Congressman Townsend Scudder, Colonel William Youngs and Supervisors William Jones and Edwin Willits. Mineola was legally incorporated in 1906 and run by a president, the land on which the County buildings sat was not included as part of the village. The land and the buildings have a Mineola postal address, but are within the present day Village of Garden City, winthrop-University Hospital, founded in 1896 by local physicians and residents as Nassau Hospital, was Long Islands first voluntary hospital. In 1897, it admitted 91 patients, performed 27 operations, the original hospital was constructed in 1900. Renamed Winthrop in the 1980s, it is now a nationally recognized award-winning hospital, Mineola was also a familiar place to many of the most famous pilots in history. The Aero Club of America chose the area for the level plains, glenn Curtiss brought the area to national attention in July 1909 with his second Scientific American Award flight of over 23 minutes and 15 miles. He also made some of the first public flights in America in his Golden Flyer and it was the Guards first genuine aviation unit
17.
Columbia University
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Columbia University is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1754 as Kings College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain, after the American Revolutionary War, Kings College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities and was the first school in the United States to grant the M. D. degree. The university also has global research outposts in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, Asunción, Columbia administers annually the Pulitzer Prize. Additionally,100 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Columbia as students, researchers, faculty, Columbia is second only to Harvard University in the number of Nobel Prize-winning affiliates, with over 100 recipients of the award as of 2016. In 1746 an act was passed by the assembly of New York to raise funds for the foundation of a new college. Classes were initially held in July 1754 and were presided over by the colleges first president, Dr. Johnson was the only instructor of the colleges first class, which consisted of a mere eight students. Instruction was held in a new schoolhouse adjoining Trinity Church, located on what is now lower Broadway in Manhattan, in 1763, Dr. Johnson was succeeded in the presidency by Myles Cooper, a graduate of The Queens College, Oxford, and an ardent Tory. In the charged political climate of the American Revolution, his opponent in discussions at the college was an undergraduate of the class of 1777. The suspension continued through the occupation of New York City by British troops until their departure in 1783. The colleges library was looted and its sole building requisitioned for use as a hospital first by American. Loyalists were forced to abandon their Kings College in New York, the Loyalists, led by Bishop Charles Inglis fled to Windsor, Nova Scotia, where they founded Kings Collegiate School. After the Revolution, the college turned to the State of New York in order to restore its vitality, the Legislature agreed to assist the college, and on May 1,1784, it passed an Act for granting certain privileges to the College heretofore called Kings College. The Regents finally became aware of the colleges defective constitution in February 1787 and appointed a revision committee, in April of that same year, a new charter was adopted for the college, still in use today, granting power to a private board of 24 Trustees. On May 21,1787, William Samuel Johnson, the son of Dr. Samuel Johnson, was unanimously elected President of Columbia College, prior to serving at the university, Johnson had participated in the First Continental Congress and been chosen as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. The colleges enrollment, structure, and academics stagnated for the majority of the 19th century, with many of the college presidents doing little to change the way that the college functioned. In 1857, the college moved from the Kings College campus at Park Place to a primarily Gothic Revival campus on 49th Street and Madison Avenue, during the last half of the 19th century, under the leadership of President F. A. P. Barnard, the institution assumed the shape of a modern university
18.
American football
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The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie
19.
Sigma Chi
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Sigma Chi is a social fraternity in North America. The fraternity has 244 active chapters across the United States and Canada and has initiated more than 300,000 members, the fraternity was founded on June 28,1855 at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio by members who split from the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. Sigma Chi is divided into five entities, the Sigma Chi Fraternity, the Sigma Chi Foundation. Like all fraternities, Sigma Chi has its own colors, insignia, according to the fraternitys constitution, the purpose of this fraternity shall be to cultivate and maintain the high ideals of friendship, justice, and learning upon which Sigma Chi was founded. Sigma Chi was founded in 1855 by Benjamin Piatt Runkle, Thomas Cowan Bell, William Lewis Lockwood, several members of Miami Universitys Delta Kappa Epsilon chapter were also members of the Erodelphian Literary Society. In the fall of 1854 the literary society was to elect its Poet and he was supported by five of his brothers, but four others supported another man who was not a member of the fraternity. Although Thomas Bell and Daniel Cooper were not members of Erodelphian they had aligned themselves with the four dissenting members, the chapter had twelve members total and were evenly divided on the issue. Both sides saw this as a matter of principle and over the few months their friendships became distanced. In February 1855 Runkle and his companions planned a dinner for their brothers in an attempt to seal the rift, whitelaw Reid, one of the other brothers who supported the Delta Kappa Epsilon member as poet, was the only one to arrive. Reid brought a Delta Kappa Epsilon alumnus named Minor Millikin from a nearby town, Reid had told Millikin his side of the dispute and they had arrived to punish the group for not supporting their Delta Kappa Epsilon brother. The leaders of the rebellion, Runkle and Scobey, were to be expelled from the fraternity, the other four would be allowed to stay in the fraternity. Runkle resigned, and after the parent chapter at Yale University was contacted, the six men decided to form their own fraternity along with William Lewis Lockwood, a student from New York who had not joined a fraternity. On June 28,1855, the organization was founded under the name Sigma Phi Fraternity, Lockwood used his business training to help organize the fraternity in its early years. The eventual theft of Sigma Phis constitution, rituals, seals and it is possible this action could have been forced upon the group as there was already a Sigma Phi Society. Much of Sigma Chis heraldry was inspired by the story of the Emperor Constantine from the Battle of Milvian Bridge against Maxentius. The White Cross and the motto In Hoc Signo Vinces are examples of the Constantine link, although many of the symbols of Sigma Chi relate to Christianity, Sigma Chi is not a Christian fraternity. Benjamin Piatt Runkle was born in West Liberty, Ohio, Runkle helped design the badge of Sigma Chi based on the story of Constantine and the vision of the Cross. Runkle was known for having a fierce pride and was suspended from Miami University when he fought a member of Beta Theta Pi for sneering at his badge, when the Civil War began Runkle joined the Union Army
20.
Yale University
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Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony to train Congregationalist ministers, it is the third-oldest institution of education in the United States. The Collegiate School moved to New Haven in 1716, and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale. Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century the school introduced graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph. D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools, the undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each schools faculty oversees its curriculum, the universitys assets include an endowment valued at $25.4 billion as of June 2016, the second largest of any U. S. educational institution. The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States, Yale College undergraduates follow a liberal arts curriculum with departmental majors and are organized into a social system of residential colleges. Almost all faculty teach courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually. Students compete intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I – Ivy League, Yale has graduated many notable alumni, including five U. S. Presidents,19 U. S. Supreme Court Justices,20 living billionaires, and many heads of state. In addition, Yale has graduated hundreds of members of Congress,57 Nobel laureates,5 Fields Medalists,247 Rhodes Scholars, and 119 Marshall Scholars have been affiliated with the University. Yale traces its beginnings to An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School, passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9,1701, the Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers, Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, the group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as The Founders. Originally known as the Collegiate School, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson, the school moved to Saybrook, and then Wethersfield. In 1716 the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut, the feud caused the Mathers to champion the success of the Collegiate School in the hope that it would maintain the Puritan religious orthodoxy in a way that Harvard had not. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College, meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale. The 1714 shipment of 500 books represented the best of modern English literature, science, philosophy and it had a profound effect on intellectuals at Yale. Undergraduate Jonathan Edwards discovered John Lockes works and developed his original theology known as the new divinity
21.
Rugby union
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Rugby union, known in some parts of the world simply as rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is between two teams of 15 players using a ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line. Historically an amateur sport, in 1995 restrictions on payments to players were removed, World Rugby, originally the International Rugby Football Board and from 1998 to 2014 the International Rugby Board, has been the governing body for rugby union since 1886. Rugby union spread from the Home Nations of Great Britain and Ireland, early exponents of the sport included Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and France. Countries that have adopted rugby union as their de facto national sport include Fiji, Georgia, Madagascar, New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, Rugby union is played in over 100 countries across six continents, there are 101 full members and 18 associate members of World Rugby. The Rugby World Cup, first held in 1987, takes place four years with the winner of the tournament receiving the Webb Ellis Cup. The Six Nations Championship in Europe and The Rugby Championship in the Southern Hemisphere are major annual competitions. The origin of football is reputed to be an incident during a game of English school football at Rugby School in 1823. Although the evidence for the story is doubtful, it was immortalised at the school with a plaque unveiled in 1895, despite the doubtful evidence, the Rugby World Cup trophy is named after Webb Ellis. Rugby football stems from the form of game played at Rugby School, Old Rugbeian Albert Pell, a student at Cambridge, is credited with having formed the first football team. During this early period different schools used different rules, with pupils from Rugby. Other important events include the Blackheath Clubs decision to leave the Football Association in 1863, despite the sports full name of rugby union, it is known simply as rugby throughout most of the world. The first rugby football international was played on 27 March 1871 between Scotland and England, by 1881 both Ireland and Wales had representative teams, and in 1883 the first international competition, the Home Nations Championship had begun. 1883 is also the year of the first rugby tournament, the Melrose Sevens. During the early history of union, a time before commercial air travel. The first two notable tours both took place in 1888—the British Isles team touring New Zealand and Australia, followed by the New Zealand team touring Europe, All three teams brought new styles of play, fitness levels and tactics, and were far more successful than critics had expected. After Morgan began singing, the crowd joined in, the first time a national anthem was sung at the start of a sporting event, in 1905 France played England in its first international match
22.
Sylvester Stallone
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Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone is an American actor, filmmaker, and screenwriter. He wrote or co-wrote most of the 14 films in all three franchises, and directed many of the films, Stallones film Rocky was inducted into the National Film Registry as well as having its film props placed in the Smithsonian Museum. Stallones use of the front entrance to the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the Rocky series led the area to be nicknamed the Rocky Steps, Philadelphia has a statue of his Rocky character placed permanently near the museum. It was announced on December 7,2010 that Stallone was voted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in the non-participant category, in 1977, Stallone was nominated for two Academy Awards for Rocky, Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor. He became the man in history to receive these two nominations for the same film, after Charles Chaplin and Orson Welles. He received critical raves, as well as his first Golden Globe Award win and third Academy Award nomination, Stallones father was born in Gioia del Colle, Apulia, Italy, and immigrated to the United States in the 1930s. Stallones mother is of half French and half Russian Jewish descent and his younger brother is actor and musician Frank Stallone. As a result, the left side of his face is paralyzed – including parts of his lip, tongue. Around the age of 4, Stallone was flat-footed and put in a tap dancing school by his mother and his father moved the family to Washington, D. C. in the early 1950s, where he opened a beauty school. His mother opened a gymnasium called Barbellas in 1954. Stallones parents divorced when Sylvester was nine, and he lived with his mother. When Stallone was 16, he scored poorly in school and his mother got him a job at her beauty salon. He attended Notre Dame Academy and Lincoln High School in Philadelphia, and Charlotte Hall Military Academy, prior to attending Miami Dade College, Stallone had his first starring role in the soft core pornography feature film The Party at Kitty and Studs. He was paid US$200 for two days work, Stallone later explained that he had done the film out of desperation after being evicted from his apartment and finding himself homeless for several days. He has also said that he slept three weeks in the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City prior to seeing a casting notice for the film. In the actors words, it was either do that movie or rob someone, the film was released several years later as Italian Stallion, in order to cash in on Stallones newfound fame. While he was in Switzerland, Stallone got his start in films, playing an extra eating in a restaurant near to stars Robert Redford and Camilla Sparv, in the sports drama, Downhill Racer. In 1970, Stallone appeared in the film No Place to Hide, which was re-cut and retitled Rebel, in the Lemmon film, Jack Lemmons character chases, tackles and mugs Stallone, thinking that Stallones character is a pickpocket
23.
John Rambo
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John James Rambo is a fictional character in the Rambo saga. He first appeared in the 1972 novel First Blood by David Morrell, the portrayal of the character earned Stallone widespread acclaim and recognition. The character was nominated for American Film Institutes list 100 Years…100 Heroes, the term Rambo is used commonly to describe a person who is reckless, disregards orders, uses violence to solve problems, enters dangerous situations alone, and is exceptionally tough and aggressive. David Morrell says that in choosing the name Rambo he was inspired by the sound of force in the name of Rambo apples, which he encountered in Pennsylvania. These apples, in turn, were named for Peter Gunnarsson Rambo who sailed from Sweden to New Sweden in the 1640s, the name Rambo was likely derived from a shortened form of Ramberget plus bo. Today, many of his descendants can still be found in region of the US. Furthermore, an Arthur J. Rambo was an actual U. S. soldier in Vietnam and his name can be seen on the Vietnam War Memorial wall in Washington, DC. By sheer coincidence, the Japanese word rambō means violent or rough and he was granted the first name John as a reference to the song When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again. In the novel and first film, Rambo appears as a soldier who suffers from post traumatic stress disorder and has difficulty adjusting to normal life. He is shown to be prone to violence because of the torture he suffered at the hands of North Vietnamese soldiers in the Vietnam War. In the next films and novelizations he is displayed as a man who wants to stay away from conflict but is willing to do anything to save his friends, due to his violent nature, many civil people tend to fear him. Rambo has a muscular physique due to his time as a soldier in the army and he has a high amount of strength and stamina. Rambo is an expert in surviving in dense forests against a number of enemies due to his experiences in the Vietnam War. He is also an expert in guerrilla tactics, weapons, Rambo has black hair and brown eyes. In the DVD commentary for First Blood Morell remarks that the inspiration for Rambo was World War II hero Audie Murphy, according to the first film First Blood, Rambos full name is John Rambo. He was born on July 6,1947 in Bowie, Arizona, to a Navajo father, however, in Rambo, First Blood Part II, Marshall Murdock states that Rambo is of Native American and German descent. Rambo enlisted in the U. S. Army at the age of 18 on August 6,1964, after he graduated from Rangeford High School in 1965, his military service began in January 1966. Rambo was deployed to South Vietnam in September 1966 and he returned to the U. S. in 1967 and began training with the U. S. Army Special Forces at Fort Bragg, North Carolina under Colonel Trautmans tutelage
24.
Semi-Tough
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The plot involves a love triangle between the characters portrayed by Reynolds, Kristofferson and Clayburgh. Semi-Tough also includes a parody of Werner Erhards Erhard Seminars Training, the film is based on the novel of the same name by Dan Jenkins. It was adapted for the screen by writer Walter Bernstein and director Ritchie, Semi-Tough follows the story of pro-football friends Billy Clyde Puckett and Marvin Shake Tiller, who have a third roommate, Barbara Jane Bookman. A romance develops with Shake until he becomes self-confident after completing a self awareness course called B. E. A. T, led by Friedrich Bismark that he insists Barbara Jane try, at which point Billy Clyde slyly makes a play to win her for himself. Some reviewers praised its parodies of the est training, Erhard, others criticized the script and direction, noting that some of director Ritchies previous films had more of a personal tone. Still other reviews lamented the films departure from the novel Semi-Tough, wide receiver Marvin Shake Tiller and running back Billy Clyde Puckett are football buddies who play for a Miami pro team owned by Big Ed Bookman. Bookmans daughter Barbara Jane is roommates with both men, and the film depicts a love triangle relationship between Barbara Jane and her two friends. She initially has romantic feelings for Shake, who has become more self-confident after taking self-improvement training from seminar leader Friedrich Bismark, the program is called Bismark Earthwalk Action Training, or B. E. A. T. After Shake completes his course, he and Barbara Jane sleep together, Barbara Jane is not a follower of B. E. A. T. and Shake is warned by his leader Bismark that mixed marriages dont work. Barbara Jane is determined to make it work, so she attends B. E. A. T. in an effort to get it, at the end of the training session, she is worn out from Bismarks sadistic abuse, pious drivel and sheer double talk. Barbara Jane also feels guilty that she did not get it, Shake is insistent that the training has had proven results for him, noting that he has not dropped a football pass since completing B. E. A. T. Billy Clyde also has feelings for Barbara Jane and enrolls in B. E. A. T. in order to understand what she is going through, in the training, Billy Clyde is shown coping with the seminar rules forbidding going to the bathroom. For a time Puckett pretends he underwent a conversion to Bismarks way of thinking, while Barbara Jane and Shake are at the altar about to be married, the minister turns to Bismark and gives him some advice on how he can avoid capital gains tax in his business. Billy Clyde ends up exposing the movements shallow side, and rescues Barbara Jane from both B. E. A. T. and her marriage to Shake. After leaving the wedding together, Barbara Jane and Billy Clyde reveal their feelings for each other, Semi-Tough is based on the best-selling novel of the same name by Dan Jenkins, and the screenplay was written by Walter Bernstein. Bernstein and director Michael Ritchie used parts of Jenkinss novel and added parodies of self-help groups, new religions, Ritchie was partially influenced by Adam Smiths book, Powers of Mind. Though the screenplay altered his original work, Dan Jenkins wrote that Semi-Tough wasnt a movie in my opinion. Jenkins later commented that the adaptation of his book Baja Oklahoma was
25.
Burt Reynolds
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Burton Leon Burt Reynolds is an American actor, director and producer. He has starred in films, such as Deliverance, The Longest Yard, Smokey. Reynolds is the son of Fern H. and Burton Milo Reynolds and he has English, Scottish, Scots-Irish and Dutch ancestry, and is also said to have Cherokee roots. In his 2014 book, But Enough About Me, Reynolds said his mother had Italian ancestry, during his career, Reynolds often claimed to have been born in Waycross, Georgia, but confirmed in 2015 that he was born in Lansing, Michigan. He was born on February 11,1936, and in his autobiography stated that Lansing is where his family lived when his father was drafted into the United States Army. Reynolds, his mother and sister joined his father at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, when Reynolds father was sent to Europe, the family moved to Lake City, Michigan, where his mother had been raised. In 1946, the moved to Riviera Beach, Florida. His father became Chief of Police of Riviera Beach, which is adjacent to the north of West Palm Beach, during 10th grade at Palm Beach High School, Reynolds was named First Team All State and All Southern as a fullback, and received multiple scholarship offers. After graduating from Palm Beach High in West Palm Beach, he attended Florida State University on a football scholarship, while at Florida State, Reynolds became roommates with now notable college football broadcaster and analyst Lee Corso, and also became a brother of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. Ending his university career, Reynolds became a police officer. To keep up with his studies, he began taking classes at Palm Beach Junior College in neighboring Lake Worth, in his first term at PBJC, Reynolds was in an English class taught by Watson B. Duncan III. Duncan pushed Reynolds into trying out for a play he was producing and he cast Reynolds in the lead role based on having heard Reynolds read Shakespeare in class, leading to Reynolds winning the 1956 Florida State Drama Award for his performance. In his autobiography, Reynolds refers to Duncan as his mentor, the Florida State Drama Award included a scholarship to the Hyde Park Playhouse, a summer stock theater, in Hyde Park, New York. Reynolds saw the opportunity as an alternative to more physically-demanding summer jobs. While working there, Reynolds met Joanne Woodward, who helped him find an agent, after his Broadway debut Look, Weve Come Through, he received favorable reviews for his performance and went on tour with the cast, driving the bus and appearing on stage. After the tour, Reynolds returned to New York and enrolled in acting classes and his classmates included Frank Gifford, Carol Lawrence, Red Buttons, and Jan Murray. After the play closed, the director, John Forsythe, arranged an audition with Joshua Logan for Reynolds. Reynolds was told that he could not be in the film because he looked too much like Marlon Brando, Logan advised Reynolds to go to Hollywood, but Reynolds did not feel confident enough to do so
26.
Foul Play (1978 film)
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In it, a recently divorced librarian is drawn into a mystery when a stranger hides a roll of film in a pack of cigarettes and gives it to her for safekeeping. The film inspired an ABC television series starring Barry Bostwick and Deborah Raffin that aired in early 1981, recent divorcée Gloria Mundy is a San Francisco librarian. While attending a party, she is encouraged by a friend to leave open to new experiences. On the way home, Gloria picks up a man named Bob Scotty Scott when she encounters him. She impulsively accepts Scottys invitation to him at the movies that evening. Unbeknownst to her, Scotty has secreted a roll of film in the pack and that evening, a seriously wounded Scotty meets Gloria in the theater and warns her to beware of the dwarf before dying. When his body mysteriously disappears while Gloria seeks help from the theater manager, at the end of the following work day, Gloria is attacked in the library by albino Whitey Jackson. She manages to escape and seeks refuge with Stanley Tibbets, a ladies man who assumes she is picking him up to have sex. Shocked by his misunderstanding, she flees and returns to her apartment, when he attempts to strangle her with a scarf, Gloria stabs him in the stomach with a pair of knitting needles and calls the police for help. When her attacker tries to stop her, he is killed by Whitey through the kitchen window, later, Tony takes her to his Sausalito houseboat, where the two become involved romantically. Tony is now assigned to protect Gloria from her would-be killers, Charlie has murdered his twin in order to impersonate him. The following day, Rupert kidnaps Fergie and uses him to lure Gloria into a trap and she manages to hide in a massage parlor, where she encounters Stanley yet again, but then is found and abducted by Jackson and Stiltskin. At Glorias request, Stella has researched an organization known as the Tax the Churches League, for the Darrows, organized religion is a corrupt, greedy sham involving powerful billion-dollar corporations. Stella gives the results of her findings to Tony, who returns to the Archbishops residence with Mr. Hennessy. Darrow then details her plan to eliminate the Pope, If His Holiness is not yet terminated at the end of Act I. Mr. Hennessy knocks out Charlie and defeats Delia in a martial arts duel, after making it backstage, Gloria is grabbed by Jackson, who kills one of several security guards who have joined the pursuit. An enraged Gloria attempts to attack Jackson, who shoves her to the floor. This gives Tony the room he needs to shoot the albino, Goldie Hawn as Gloria Mundy Chevy Chase as Lieutenant Tony Carlson Burgess Meredith as Mr. J
27.
Chevy Chase
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Cornelius Crane Chevy Chase is an American actor, writer, comedian and producer. Born into a prominent New York family, he worked a plethora of jobs before moving into comedy. He immediately became a key cast member in the season of Saturday Night Live. He has hosted the Academy Awards twice and briefly had his own talk show. Chase was born in Lower Manhattan, New York, and was raised in Woodstock and his father, Edward Tinsley Ned Chase, was a prominent Manhattan book editor and magazine writer. His maternal grandmother, Cathalene, was a singer who performed several times at Carnegie Hall. Chase was named for his adoptive grandfather Cornelius, while the nickname Chevy was bestowed by his grandmother, as a descendant of the Scottish Clan Douglas, the name seemed appropriate to her. Chase is a 14th-generation New Yorker, and was listed in the Social Register at an early age, according to his brother John, once told me that people who defined themselves in terms of their ancestry were like potatoes – the best parts of them were underground. He disdained the pretension of my mothers side of the family, as embodied by her mother, as a child, Chase vacationed at Castle Hill, the Cranes summer estate in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Chases parents divorced when he was four, his father remarried into the Folgers coffee family and he has stated that he grew up in an upper middle class environment and that his adoptive maternal grandfather did not bequeath any assets to Chases mother when he died. In a 2007 biography, Chase stated that he was physically and psychologically abused as a child by his mother and stepfather, both his parents died in 2005. Chase attended Riverdale Country School before being expelled and he ultimately graduated from the Stockbridge School in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. He then attended Haverford College during the 1962–63 term, where he was noted for slapstick comedy, Chase transferred to Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, where he studied a pre-med curriculum and graduated in 1967 with a BA in English. Chase did not enter medical school, which meant he would be subject to the military draft, Chase played drums with the college band The Leather Canary, headed by school friends Walter Becker and Donald Fagen. Chase has called the group a bad jazz band, Becker and he played drums and keyboards for a rock band called Chamaeleon Church, which recorded one album for MGM Records before disbanding in 1969. Chase was a member of an underground comedy ensemble called Channel One which he co-founded in 1967. He also wrote a spoof on Mission, Impossible for Mad Magazine in 1970 and was a writer for the short-lived Smothers Brothers TV show comeback in the spring of 1975. Chase made the move to comedy as a career by 1973, when he became a cast member of The National Lampoon Radio Hour
28.
10 (film)
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10 is a 1979 American romantic comedy film written, produced, and directed by Blake Edwards, and starring Dudley Moore, Julie Andrews, Robert Webber, and Bo Derek in her first major film appearance. Considered a trend-setting film at the time, and one of the years biggest box office hits and it follows a man who in middle age becomes infatuated with a young woman he has never met, leading to a comic chase and an encounter in Mexico. The title refers to her physical attractiveness being a perfect 10, during a surprise 42nd birthday party for wealthy, well-known composer George Webber, thrown by his actress girlfriend Samantha Taylor, he finds he is coping badly with incipient middle age. George visits the priest, and learns the woman is Jenny Miles, the final straw for Sam occurs when George makes a remark subtly impugning her femininity, at which point Sam leaves in a huff. The following day, George spies on his neighbor again, hits himself with the telescope, still obsessed with the young bride, George schedules a dental appointment with Jennys father and learns that Jenny and her husband have gone to Mexico for their honeymoon. The examination reveals a mouthful of cavities, requiring fillings, the after-effects of the novocaine, aggravated by his heavy drinking, leave George completely incoherent. Sam finally reaches him on the phone, but mistakes him for an intruder and calls the police, unnerved by the days events, George visits his neighbors house to take part in an orgy. Sam arrives at Georges and spots him through his telescope, widening the rift between them, when they attempt a fling, Mary interprets Georges inadequacy in bed as confirmation of her own insecurities. At the beach, George sees Jenny―wearing a swimsuit with her hair braided in cornrows―and is awestruck again by her beauty and he notices that David, her husband, has fallen asleep on his surfboard. George learns that beyond a point are powerful currents that can sweep a swimmer or surfer dangerously far from land. He rents a catamaran, clumsily but successfully rescues David, Sam sees him on a TV newscast and tries to contact him, but George refuses the call. David, badly sunburned, is hospitalized, allowing Jenny and George to spend time alone together, after dinner, in her room, Jenny smokes marijuana and then seduces George to the sounds of Maurice Ravels Boléro. He is even more confused when David responds with a lack of concern. After flying back home, George reconciles with Sam by apologizing and demonstrating a new maturity, taking an idea from Jenny, he starts Boléro on the phonograph and they make love. October 5,1979, opening in 706 theaters,10 was released on DVD through Warner Home Video May 21,1997. A Blu-ray was later released February 1,2011, the supplemental material, comprising the original theatrical trailer and a four-minute promotional documentary, is present on both media. 10 opened at one in the United States, earning $3,526,692 its opening weekend. The film went on to make a total of $74,865,517 in United States,10 received mostly positive reviews from critics and holds a 71% positive rating on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes
29.
Dudley Moore
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Dudley Stuart John Moore, CBE was an English actor, comedian, musician and composer. The double act worked on other projects until the mid-1970s, by which time Moore had settled in Los Angeles to concentrate on his film acting. His solo career as a film actor was heightened by the success of hit Hollywood films, particularly Foul Play,10. For the latter film, Moore was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and he received a second Golden Globe for his performance in Micki & Maude. Moore was born at the original Charing Cross Hospital in central London, the son of Ada Francis, a secretary, and John Moore and his father was Scottish, from Glasgow. His mother stated that Dudley was 1/8th Jewish, Moore was brought up in Dagenham, Essex. He was notably short at 5 ft 2 in and was born with club feet that required hospital treatment and, coupled with his diminutive stature. This was something he remained very self-conscious of throughout his life, Moore became a choirboy at the age of six. At age eleven he earned a scholarship to the Guildhall School of Music and he rapidly developed into a highly talented pianist and organist and was playing the pipe organ at local church weddings by the age of 14. Moores musical talent won him a scholarship to Magdalen College. While studying music and composition there, he performed with Alan Bennett in the Oxford Revue. During his university years, Moore had developed a love of music and soon became an accomplished jazz pianist. He began working with leading musicians as John Dankworth and Cleo Laine. In 1960, he left Dankworths band to work on Beyond the Fringe, Moore then recommended Bennett, who in turn suggested Peter Cook. Beyond the Fringe was at the forefront of the 1960s UK satire boom, although the original runs in Edinburgh. There were also a number of items in the show, using Dudley Moores music. In 1962, the transferred to the John Golden Theatre in New York. President John F. Kennedy attended a performance on 10 February 1963, the show continued in New York until 1964
30.
Acapulco
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Acapulco de Juárez, commonly called Acapulco, is a city, municipality and major seaport in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific coast of Mexico,380 kilometres south of Mexico City. Acapulco is located on a deep, semicircular bay and has been a port since the colonial period of Mexicos history. It is a port of call for shipping and cruise lines running between Panama and San Francisco, California, United States, the city of Acapulco is the largest in the state, far larger than the state capital Chilpancingo. Acapulco is also Mexicos largest beach and balneario resort city, the city is best known as one of Mexicos oldest and most well-known beach resorts, which came into prominence in the 1950s as a getaway for Hollywood stars and millionaires. Acapulco is still famous and still attracts tourists, although most are now from Mexico itself. The name Acapulco comes from Nahuatl language Aca-pōl-co, and means where the reeds were destroyed or washed away, the de Juárez was added to the official name in 1885 to honor Benito Juárez, former President of Mexico. The seal for the city shows broken reeds or cane, the island and municipality of Capul, in the Philippines, derives its name from Acapulco, Capul was the western end of the trans-Pacific sailing route from Acapulco to what was then a Spanish colony. At Acapulco Bay itself, there were two Olmec sites, one by Playa Larga and the other on a known as El Guitarrón. Olmec influence caused the small villages here to coalesce into larger entities. Later, Teotihuacan influence made its way here via Cuernavaca and Chilpancingo, then Mayan influence arrived from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and through what is now Oaxaca. This history is known through the archaeological artifacts that have found here, especially at Playa Hornos, Pie de la Cuesta. In the 11th century, new waves of migration of Nahuas and Coixas came through here and these people were the antecedents of the Aztecs. In the later 15th century, after four years of military struggle and it was annexed to a tributary province named Tepecuacuilco. However, this was only transitory, as the Aztecs could only establish a military post at the citys outskirts. The city was on territory under control of the Yopes, who continued defending it, there are two stories about how Acapulco bay was discovered by Europeans. The first states that two years after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, Hernán Cortés sent explorers west to find gold, the explorers had subdued this area after 1523, and Captain Saavedra Cerón was authorized by Cortés to found a settlement here. The other states that the bay was discovered on December 13,1526 by a ship named the El Tepache Santiago captained by Santiago Guevara. The first encomendero was established in 1525 at Cacahuatepec, which is part of the modern Acapulco municipality, in 1531, a number of Spaniards, most notably Juan Rodriguez de Villafuerte, left the Oaxaca coast and founded the village of Villafuerte where the city of Acapulco now stands
31.
Extraterrestrial life
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Extraterrestrial life, also called alien life, is life that does not originate from Earth. These hypothetical life forms may range from simple single-celled organisms to beings with civilizations far more advanced than humanity, although many scientists expect extraterrestrial life to exist in some form, there is no evidence for its existence to date. The Drake equation speculates about the existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe, the science of extraterrestrial life in all its forms is known as exobiology. The science of astrobiology considers life on Earth as well, in 2015, remains of biotic life were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia, when the young Earth was about 400 million years old. According to one of the researchers, If life arose relatively quickly on Earth and it has also played a major role in works of science fiction. Over the years, science fiction works have increased the publics interest in the possibility of extraterrestrial life, some encourage aggressive methods to try for contact with intelligent extraterrestrial life, whereas others argue that it might be dangerous to actively call attention to Earth. Alien life, such as microorganisms, has been hypothesized to exist in the Solar System and this hypothesis relies on the vast size and consistent physical laws of the observable universe. The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang,13.8 billion years ago, Life may have emerged independently at many places throughout the universe. Alternatively, life may have formed less frequently, then spread—by meteoroids, in any case, complex organic molecules may have formed in the protoplanetary disk of dust grains surrounding the Sun before the formation of Earth. According to these studies, this process may occur outside Earth on several planets and moons of the Solar System, since the 1950s, scientists have argued the idea that habitable zones around stars are the most likely places to find life. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists, astrobiologists have also considered a follow the energy view of potential habitats. Life on Earth requires water as its solvent in which biochemical reactions take place, More generally, life based on ammonia has been suggested, though this solvent appears less suitable than water. It is also conceivable that there are forms of life whose solvent is a liquid hydrocarbon, about 29 chemical elements play an active positive role in living organisms on Earth. About 95% of this matter is built upon only six elements, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus. These six elements form the building blocks of virtually all life on Earth. The unique characteristics of carbon make it unlikely that it could be replaced, even on another planet, the carbon atom has the unique ability to make four strong chemical bonds with other atoms, including other carbon atoms. These covalent bonds have a direction in space, so that carbon atoms can form the skeletons of complex 3-dimensional structures with definite architectures such as nucleic acids, carbon forms more compounds than all other elements combined. The great versatility of the atom makes it the element most likely to provide the bases—even exotic ones—for the chemical composition of life on other planets
32.
Legal Eagles
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Tom Logan is an Assistant District Attorney in the New York City District Attorneys Office, who is on his way to becoming the new District Attorney. Into his life enters Laura Kelly, an attorney who is representing Chelsea Deardon, Chelsea is accused of stealing a painting from millionaire Mr. Forrester. Kelly eventually manages to talk Logan into helping them, Chelsea also continues coming on to Logan, coming to his apartment being fearful of someone following her. When Logan goes to investigate, he is shot at but the shooter misses and escapes, Logan agrees to continue trying to protect Chelsea while Kelly and him continue her investigation into the paintings. Chelsea goes to Tafts apartment with a gun, with the intent to threaten him, what happens then is not seen but Chelsea goes back to Logans apartment after being there. She tells him what she had done, claims that Taft managed to get the gun from her and hit her and she is now afraid of the repercussions. After they are alone Logan makes Chelsea a bed for her to sleep on her own but during the night Chelsea goes into Logans bed and he fails to resist, next morning police bust into Logans room waking both up and arresting Chelsea for Tafts murder. Logans career as an Assistant District Attorney is finished, Logan reluctantly teams up with Kelly, which is also encouraged by Logans daughter who thinks the two make a good couple. Logan, having realized that Cavanaugh was not who he thought he was, Brock forces Kelly and Chelsea to break open the hollow sculpture, grabs the painting inside and cuffs Chelsea to a table while struggling with Kelly, eventually leaving her unconscious. He then sets fire to part of the gallery, forcing an evacuation as a way to leave with the painting. Logan arrives and interrupts Brocks escape, Logan and Brock fight, Logan finds Kelly and Chelsea, grabs the painting and the three escape from the burning gallery, where Chelsea tearfully reveals the signature To Chelsea on the back of the painting. After all charges against Chelsea are dropped, Logans former boss offers to him back. Logan, however, decides to stay with Kelly, and the two set up an office together, tom Logan, Ladies and gentlemen, Chelsea Deardon didnt kill Victor Taft. The prosecution has suggested a motive, but one based on hearsay, conjecture. Evidence that appears to have substance, but upon closer examination. Tom Logan, Youre not buying this, are you, Youre not listening to a word Im saying. After listening to Mr. Blanchard lay out the prosecutions evidence, tom Logan, After all, if I had found Victor Taft, dead on the floor, and Chelsea Deardons fingerprints on the weapon, there isnt much that would convince me she isnt guilty. Look, lets save ourselves a lot of time, there are better things we could be doing
33.
Presumed Innocent (film)
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Presumed Innocent is a 1990 American legal drama film and adaptation of Scott Turows 1987 novel of the same name. Directed by Alan J. Pakula, and written by Pakula and Frank Pierson, the story follows Rusty Sabich, a prosecutor who is charged with the murder of his colleague and mistress Carolyn Polhemus. Before publication of the novel, the film became the subject of a bidding war among a host of established film studios. Sydney Pollack and Mark Rosenberg acquired the rights in December 1986, the project continued development at Warner Bros. and Pakula was brought in to rewrite the script with Pierson before signing on as the films director in January 1989. On a budget of $20 million, the principal photography commenced in May 1989. Filming took place on locations in Detroit, Windsor, Ontario, and New Jersey, Presumed Innocent held its premiere at the Fox Bruin Theater in Los Angeles, California on July 25,1990 before being released in North America on July 27,1990. The film has an rating of 86% at Rotten Tomatoes. Presumed Innocent grossed $221 million worldwide and became the film of 1990. The film was followed by a miniseries, The Burden of Proof. Rozat Rusty Sabich is a prosecutor and the man of district attorney Raymond Horgan. When his colleague, Carolyn Polhemus, is raped and murdered in her apartment. With the election for District Attorney approaching, Tommy Molto, the head of the homicide division, has left to join the rival campaign of Nico Della Guardia. Rusty, a man, faces a conflict of interest since he had an affair with Carolyn. When he had little ambition and would have therefore been of little use in advancing her career. He has since reconciled with his wife Barbara, but is obsessed with Carolyn. Rusty soon discovers that Molto is making his own inquiries, aspects of the crime suggest that the killer knew police evidence-gathering procedures and covered up clues accordingly. Semen found in the body contains only dead sperm. The killers blood is Type A, the same as Rustys, when Della Guardia wins the election, he and Molto accuse Rusty of the murder and push to get evidence against him
34.
F/X2
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F/X2 is a 1991 American action thriller film directed by Richard Franklin and starring Bryan Brown and Brian Dennehy. It is a sequel to the 1986 film F/X and this was Franklins final American film before he returned to his native Australia. Rollie Tyler is asked by his girlfriends ex-husband, a cop, however, when things go wrong and the cop is killed, he begins to suspect a setup and corruption within the police department. He calls on the help of his friend Leo McCarthy to investigate the death, the antagonists mean to retrieve the stolen Medallions and return them to their proper owner, the Catholic church. At the same time, an assassin is trying to kill Rollie. Santoni James Stacy as The Cyborg The sequel was not as successful as the first film, on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rotten score of 31% from 13 reviews. Roger Ebert gave the two stars out of four and said, There should be a special category for movies that are neither good nor bad. F/X2 is actually the kind of movie that rewards inattention, sit quietly in the theater and watch it, and you will be driven to distraction by its inconsistencies and loopholes. But watch it on video, paying it half a mind, the movie debuted at No.1. F/X2 at the Internet Movie Database F/X2 at AllMovie F/X2 at Box Office Mojo
35.
Character actor
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A character actor or character actress is a supporting actor who plays unusual, interesting, or eccentric characters. The term, often contrasted with that of leading actor, is somewhat abstract, in a literal sense, all actors can be considered character actors since they all play characters, but in the usual sense it is an actor who plays a distinctive and important supporting role. In either case, character actor roles are more substantial than bit parts or non-speaking extras, the term is used primarily to describe television and film actors, and is less used to describe theater actors. An early use of the term was in the 1883 edition of The Stage, Actors with a long career history of playing character roles may be difficult for audiences to recognize as being the same actor, if they play such roles convincingly and memorably. Unlike leading actors, they are seen as less glamorous. Generally, the names of actors are not featured prominently in movie and television advertising on the marquee. Some character actors have distinctive voices or accents, or they develop memorable mannerisms, a character actor with a long career may not have a well-known name, yet may be instantly recognizable. During the course of a career, an actor can sometimes shift between leading roles and secondary roles. Some leading actors, as they get older, find that access to leading roles is limited by their increasing age, in the past, actors of color, who were often barred from roles for which they were otherwise suited, found work performing ethnic stereotypes. Sometimes character actors have developed based on specific talents needed in genre films, such as dancing, horsemanship, acrobatics, swimming ability. Some character actors develop a following with a particular audience. Ed Lauter usually portrayed a menacing figure because of his long, angular face which was recognized in public. Character actors can play a variety of types, such as the femme fatale, gunslinger, sidekick, town drunk, villain, whore with a heart of gold, Character actors subsume themselves into the characters they portray, such that their off-screen acting persona is practically unrecognizable. According to one view, great actors are rarely out of work. They are also highly regarded by fellow actors. Stock character Commedia dellarte Quinlan, David, quinlans Illustrated Directory of Film Character Actors. Character Kings, Hollywoods Familiar Faces Discuss the Art & Business of Acting
36.
Best Seller
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Some lists are broken down into classifications and specialties. An author may also be referred to as a bestseller if their work appears in this category. Well-known bestseller lists in the U. S. are published by Publishers Weekly, USA Today, New York Times and the Washington Post. Most of these lists track book sales from national and independent bookstores, as well as sales from major retailers such as Amazon. com. In everyday use, the term bestseller is not usually associated with a level of sales. Books of superior academic value or literary merit tend not to be bestsellers, Lists simply give the highest-selling titles in the category over the stated period. Some books have many more copies than current bestsellers. Steinberg defined a bestseller as a book for which demand, within a time of that books initial publication. For earlier books, when the number of copies that would be printed was relatively small. The earliest highly popular books were all religious, but the Bible, as a large book. This tended to keep the numbers printed and sold, low, unlike today, it was important for a book to be short to be a bestseller, or it would be too expensive to reach a large audience. These were probably affordable items for most of the minority of members of the population. In 16th and 17th century England Pilgrims Progress and abridged versions of Foxes Book of Martyrs were the most broadly read books, robinson Crusoe and The Adventures of Roderick Random were early eighteenth century short novels with very large publication numbers, as well as gaining international success. Likewise, fellow French Enlightenment author Rousseau, especially his Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse and of Johann Wolfgang von Goethes novel, Die Leiden des jungen Werther. By the time of Byron and Sir Walter Scott, effective copyright laws existed, at least in England, america remained a zone of piracy until the mid-nineteenth century, a fact of which Charles Dickens and Mark Twain bitterly complained. Bestsellers are usually separated into fiction and non-fiction categories, different list compilers have created a number of other subcategories. The New York Times was reported to have started its Childrens Books section in 2001 just to move the Harry Potter books out of the No,1,2, and 3 positions on their fiction chart, which the then three-book series had monopolized for over a year. Bestsellers also may be ranked separately for hardcover and paperback editions, typically, a hardcover edition appears first, followed in months or years by the much less expensive paperback version
37.
James Woods
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James Howard Woods is an American actor and producer. On television, he is known for portraying the titular protagonist of Shark, Woods has been twice recognized by the Academy Awards as a nominee, first in the Best Actor category for Salvador and again in the Best Supporting Actor category for Ghosts of Mississippi. He is also the recipient of three Emmy Awards for the television movies Promise and My Name Is Bill W. and the animated series Hercules, Promise additionally brought him a Golden Globe Award. He has lent his voice to animated characters in The Simpsons, Family Guy, Grand Theft Auto, San Andreas. Woods was born in Vernal, Utah, and had a ten years younger than he. His father, Gail Peyton Woods, was an intelligence officer who died in 1960 after routine surgery. His mother, Martha A. operated a pre-school after her husbands death, Woods grew up in Warwick, Rhode Island, where he attended Pilgrim High School, from which he graduated in 1965. He is of part Irish descent and was raised Catholic, briefly serving as an altar boy, Woods ultimately chose to pursue his undergraduate studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he majored in political science. While at MIT, Woods pledged to Theta Delta Chi Fraternity and he was also an active member of the student theatre group Dramashop where he both acted in and directed a number of plays. To pursue a career in acting, he dropped out of MIT in 1969 before his graduation, Woods has said that he became an actor thanks to Tim Affleck, who was a stage manager at the Theatre Company of Boston while Woods was a student there. Woods appeared in plays before making his Broadway debut in 1970 at the Lyceum Theatre. He got the part by pretending he was British and he returned to Broadway the following year to portray David Darst in Daniel Berrigans The Trial of the Catonsville Nine. In 1971, he played Bob Rettie in the American premiere of Michael Wellers Moonchildren at the Arena Stage in Washington, the production moved to Broadway the following year and Woods won a Theatre World Award for his performance. He returned to Broadway in 1973 to portray Steven Cooper in the production of Jean Kerrs Finishing Touches. He is known for his dark, intense characters and villains, early examples include his portrayals of a sadistic murderer in 1979s The Onion Field, and of serial killer Carl Panzram in 1994s Killer, A Journal of Murder. He appeared in an episode of The Rockford Files, playing a son whose parents were murdered, one of his favorite film roles is Max, the domineering gangster, in Sergio Leones epic Once Upon a Time in America. In 1995, Woods took the role of pimp Lester Diamond in Martin Scorseses Casino and that same year, he portrayed H. R. Haldeman in Nixon, the biopic of Richard M. Nixon, directed by Oliver Stone. In one of his most prominent television roles, Woods starred in the CBS legal drama series Shark and he played an infamous defense lawyer who, after growing disillusioned when his client commits a murder, becomes a successful prosecutor with the Los Angeles County District Attorneys office
38.
Peter Greenaway
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Peter Greenaway, CBE is a British film director, screenwriter, and artist. His films are noted for the influence of Renaissance and Baroque painting. Common traits in his film are the composition and illumination. Greenaway was born in Newport, Monmouthshire, Wales, to a teacher mother, greenaways family left South Wales when he was three years old and settled in Chingford, Essex, England. He attended Forest School in northeast London, at an early age Greenaway decided on becoming a painter. He became interested in European cinema, focusing first on the films of Ingmar Bergman, in 1962, Greenaway began studies at Walthamstow College of Art, where a fellow student was musician Ian Dury. Greenaway trained as a muralist for three years, he made his first film, Death of Sentiment, a churchyard furniture essay filmed in four large London cemeteries, in 1965, he joined the Central Office of Information, working there fifteen years as a film editor and director. In that time he created a filmography of experimental films, starting with Train, footage of the last steam trains at Waterloo station, tree, is a homage to the embattled tree growing in concrete outside the Royal Festival Hall on the South Bank in London. By the 1970s he was confident and ambitious and made Vertical Features Remake, the former is an examination of various arithmetical editing structures, and the latter is a journey through the maps of a fictitious country. Greenaways most familiar musical collaborator during this period is composer Michael Nyman, in 1989, he collaborated with artist Tom Phillips on a television serial A TV Dante, dramatising the first few cantos of Dantes Inferno. In the 1990s, he presented Prosperos Books, the controversial The Baby of Mâcon, The Pillow Book, in 1995, Louis Andriessen completed the sixth libretto, Rosa – A Horse Drama. He is currently professor of cinema studies at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee and he also contributed to Visions of Europe, a short film collection by different European Union directors, his British entry is The European Showerbath. Nightwatching and Rembrandts JAccuse two films on Rembrandt which were released in 2007 and 2008 respectively, nightwatching is the first feature in the series Dutch Masters, with the next project titled as Goltzius and the Pelican Company. This was later reprised at the Optronica festival, London, on 12 October 2007, he created the multimedia installation Peopling the Palaces at Venaria Reale at the Royal Palace of Venaria that animates the Palace with 100 videoprojectors. On 3 May 2016, he received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of San Martín, in 2006, Greenaway began a series of digital video installations, Nine Classical Paintings Revisited, with his exploration of Rembrandts Night Watch in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. The performance consisted of superimposing digital imagery and projections onto the painting with music from the composer Marco Robino, Greenaway exhibited his digital exploration of The Wedding at Cana by Paolo Veronese as part of the 2009 Venice Biennial. The 50-minute presentation, set to a soundtrack, incorporates images of faces from the painting along with animated diagrams revealing compositional relations among the figures. These images are projected onto and around the replica of the painting that now stands at the original site, picassos Guernica, Seurats Grande Jatte, works by Jackson Pollock and Claude Monet, Velázquezs Las Meninas and Michelangelos The Last Judgment are possible series subjects
39.
The Belly of an Architect
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The Belly of an Architect is a 1987 film drama written and directed by Peter Greenaway, featuring original music by Glenn Branca and Wim Mertens. Starring Brian Dennehy and Chloe Webb, it was nominated for the Palme dOr award at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival, the American architect Stourley Kracklite has been commissioned to construct an exhibition in Rome dedicated to the architecture of Étienne-Louis Boullée. Doubts arise among his Italian colleagues about the legitimacy of Boullée among the pantheon of famed architects, tirelessly dedicated to the project, Kracklites marriage deteriorates, along with his health. His social and physical decline corresponds to the decline of his idol Boullée, Kracklite becomes obsessed with the historical Caesar Augustus after hearing that Livia, his wife, supposedly poisoned him. Kracklite assumes that his own wife, Louisa, is trying to do the same because he is suffering increasing stomach pains and she informs him that she is pregnant, and is sexually involved with the younger co-organiser of the exhibition. He discovers that he has a cancer and has not long to live. The film ends at opening ceremony, which Kracklite watches from a vantage point. Louisa gives birth to their child, and Kracklite jumps to his death, director Greenaways visual technique heightens Kracklites alienation. There are few shots of the other actors beside Dennehy. Greenaways trademark historical reenactments also compose a theme, many visual images of the film appear to replicate major 18th-century works of art. In addition there are references to Isaac Newton and the law of gravity. The Belly of an Architect at the Internet Movie Database The Belly of an Architect at AllMovie
40.
Chicago International Film Festival
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The Chicago International Film Festival is an annual film festival held every fall. Founded in 1964 by Michael Kutza, it is the longest-running competitive film festival in North America. Its logo is a stark, black and white close up of the eyes of early film actresses Theda Bara, Pola Negri and Mae Murray. In 2010, the 46th Chicago International Film Festival presented 150 films from more than 50 countries, the Festivals program is composed of many different sections, including the International Competition, New Directors Competition, Docufest, Black Perspectives, Cinema of the Americas, and Reel Women. Foreign films are screened for free throughout the city weekly from July through September, bruce Dern Terrence Howard Susan Sarandon Shirley MacLaine Robert Zemeckis Irma P. Hall, Robert Townsend and Harry J
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The Man from Snowy River II
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The Man from Snowy River II is a 1988 Australian drama film, the sequel to the 1982 film The Man from Snowy River. It was released in the United States as Return to Snowy River, reprising their roles from the first film were Tom Burlinson as Jim Craig and Sigrid Thornton as Jessica Harrison, while Brian Dennehy appeared as Harrison instead of Kirk Douglas. She is still smitten with him, but opposition from her remains as resolute as ever. Further, she also has a rich suitor, Alistair Patton. Before he returns from Harrisons property to his home, Jim meets an army officer seeking quality horses for the remount service on a regular basis. As he realizes Jessicas affections remain for Jim, and that she doesnt give a damn about him, Jim gives chase and in so doing again rides his horse down the steep mountainside. Patton shoots at him, the horse is killed and Jim is injured but manages to recover, as Jim breaks him in and learns to ride him, they become friends, and together they catch up to Patton and his gang. Jessicas father has also relented during this time, and he joins with Jim and his friends to hunt down Patton. Jim Craig gets and wins his man-on-man duel with Patton, and Harrison gives his approval for Jessica. Tom Burlinson as Jim Craig Sigrid Thornton as Jessica Harrison Brian Dennehy as Harrison Nicholas Eadie as Alistair Patton Mark Hembrow as Seb Bryan Marshall as Hawker Rhys McConnochie as Patton Snr. Peter Cummins as Jake Cornelia Frances as Mrs. A horse was put down during the making of the movie led to a Victorian government inquiry. The name of the soundtrack for film is the same as the American name for the film. Bruce Rowland, who composed the music for film, also composed the music for the first film
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Chris Farley
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Christopher Crosby Chris Farley was an American actor and comedian. Farley died of an overdose in 1997 at the age of 33. Farley was born on February 15,1964 in Madison, Wisconsin and his father, Thomas John Farley, Sr. owned an oil company, and his mother, Mary Anne, was a housewife. He had four siblings, Tom Jr. Kevin, John and his cousin, Jim, is the CEO and Chairman at Ford Motor Company Europe. Farleys family is Roman Catholic and of Irish and Scottish descent, according to Joel Murray, a fellow Second City cast member, Farley would always make it to Mass. Many of his summers were spent as a camper and counselor at Red Arrow Camp, near Minocqua and he graduated from Marquette University in 1986, with a concentration in communications and theater. At Marquette, he played rugby and discovered a love for comedy, after college, he worked with his father at the Scotch Oil Company in Madison. He got his start in comedy at the Ark Improv Theatre in Madison. He then performed at Chicagos Second City Theatre, initially as part of Second Citys touring group and he was eventually promoted to their main stage. Along with Chris Rock, Farley was one of two new Saturday Night Live cast members announced in the spring of 1990, on SNL, Farley frequently collaborated with his fellow cast members Adam Sandler, Chris Rock, Rob Schneider, and David Spade, among others. This group came to be known as the Bad Boys of SNL, popular characters performed by Farley included Matt Foley, an over-the-top motivational speaker who constantly reminded other characters that he lived in a van, down by the river. The name of the character was drawn from a real friend of Farleys named Matt Foley. He later became a Catholic priest and appeared in the 2015 documentary I am Chris Farley, some of these characters were brought to SNL from his days at Second City. Off-screen, Farley was well known for his pranks in the offices of Saturday Night Live and he was also known to frequently get naked and do various stunts for laughs. Chris Rock once claimed that he probably saw Farleys private parts more than Farleys girlfriend did, Sandler told Conan OBrien on Late Night that NBC fired him and Farley from the show in 1995. During his time on SNL, Farley appeared in the comedy films Waynes World, Coneheads, Airheads and he also appeared in the Red Hot Chili Peppers music video for Soul to Squeeze, which was a song featured on the Coneheads soundtrack. After Farley and most of his fellow cast members were released from their contracts at Saturday Night Live following the 1994–1995 season and his first two major films co-starred his fellow SNL colleague and close friend David Spade. Together, the duo made the films Tommy Boy and Black Sheep and these were a success at the domestic box office, earning around $32 million each and gaining a large cult following on home video
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David Spade
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David Wayne Spade is an American actor, stand-up comedian, writer and television personality. He rose to fame in the 1990s as a cast member on Saturday Night Live and he also starred and co-starred in the films Tommy Boy, Black Sheep, Joe Dirt, Joe Dirt 2, Beautiful Loser, Grown Ups, and Grown Ups 2, among others. He has also been part of an ensemble cast of two long-running sitcoms, Just Shoot Me. and Rules of Engagement and he also starred as C. J. Barnes in the sitcom 8 Simple Rules. In animation, he voiced Kuzco in the 2000 film The Emperors New Groove and its direct-to-video sequel, Spade is known for a comedic style, in both his stand-up material and acting roles, that relies heavily on sarcasm and self-deprecation. Spade was born in Birmingham, Michigan and he is the son of Judith J. a writer and magazine editor, and Wayne M. Spade, a sales representative. His brothers are Bryan and Andy Spade, Andy Spade is an entrepreneur who, together with his wife Kate Spade, Spade and his family moved to Scottsdale, Arizona, when David was four years old. His parents divorced soon thereafter, and he and his brothers were raised for the most part by their mother, Spade attended Saguaro High School and later Scottsdale Community College, before transferring to Arizona State University, where he earned his bachelors degree in business in 1986. He also was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, Spade performed standup at the universitys long-running sketch comedy show, Farce Side Comedy Hour, on numerous occasions. In the mid-80s he also did stand up in the Monday night comedy show at Greasy Tonys Pizza in Tempe, with the help of friend and fellow comedian Dennis Miller, he joined Saturday Night Live in 1988. By 1990, Spade was a regular cast member as well as writer, other characters include Christy Henderson from the Gap Girls, and Karl from the Karls Video sketches. He also did impressions of celebrities, including Brad Pitt. According to interviews with Spade, most of the material that he early in his time at SNL was given to Dana Carvey to perform on the show. Due to his relatively low rate, he was in danger of being fired as a performer. Referring to Murphys lack of box office success at the time, the crack led to audience boos, and made Murphy upset at both Spade and SNL for years afterwards. Though most of the cast left in 1995, Spade stayed the following year to help in the transition with the new cast and he then quit in 1996 citing burnout as the reason. Said Spade, When I leave, it will be to ease the pressure and you cant stay there forever – it kills you inside. It ages you in dog years and he returned to host an episode in 1998 and another in 2005. He appeared with fellow Saturday Night Live cast member and friend Chris Farley in two comedy films, Tommy Boy and Black Sheep
44.
Tommy Boy (film)
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The film was shot primarily in Toronto and Los Angeles under the working title Rocky Road. It tells the story of a socially and emotionally immature man who learns lessons about friendship, the film did well commercially, but received mixed reviews from critics. However, since its release, Tommy Boy has become a classic due to being very successful on home video. After seven years at college, Thomas R. Tommy Callahan III barely graduates from Marquette University and returns to his hometown of Sandusky and his father, industrialist and widower Thomas R. Big Tom Callahan, Jr. gives him a job at the familys auto parts plant. In addition to the new job and office, Big Tom reveals that he plans to marry Beverly Barrish-Burns, a woman he had met at a fat farm, at the wedding, Big Tom suddenly dies of a heart attack. After the funeral, doubting the future of the company without Big Tom, the bank agrees, but they also want the company to prove it still has viability by selling 500,000 brake pads. If they fail, the bank will foreclose, but if they succeed, Tommy volunteers to go on a cross-country sales trip with his fathers sycophantic assistant, Richard Hayden, a childhood acquaintance who has a particularly antagonistic relationship with Tommy. Meanwhile, Beverly and Paul are shown kissing romantically, revealing that they are not mother and son and she authorizes the quick sale to Zalinsky to make a fast buck. On the road, Tommys social anxiety and hyperactivity alienate numerous potential buyers, the lack of any progress leads to tension between Tommy and Richard. Additionally, the duo encounters a variety of incidents that lead to the destruction of Richards car. When all seems lost, Tommy persuades a surly waitress to serve him chicken wings after the kitchen closes, Richard realizes that Tommy has the ability to read people, just like his father, and suggests this is how he should sell. The two mend their friendship and start to sell effectively to numerous automotive plants, eventually putting them over the million mark. However, Paul sabotages the companys computers, causing sales posted by sales manager Michelle Brock to either be lost or rerouted, with half of the sales now canceled, the bank forecloses. Beverly and Paul approve the sale of Callahan Auto to Zalinsky, hoping that they can persuade Zalinsky to reconsider, Tommy and Richard travel to Chicago, boarding a plane as flight attendants. Tommy and Richard are denied entry to the Zalinsky boardroom since Tommy does not have any standing, after briefly wallowing on the curb in self-pity, Michelle arrives with Paul and Beverlys police records. Tommy devises a plan, dressed as a bomber by using road flares, he gains the attention of a live television news crew and then, with Michelle and Richard. Back in Sandusky, Callahan workers watch the drama on a television, in a final move of pure persuasion, Tommy quotes Zalinskys own advertising slogan, that he is on the side of the American working man
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Bo Derek
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Bo Derek is an American film and television actress, movie producer, and model perhaps best known for her breakthrough role in the 1979 film 10. The film also launched a poster for Derek in a swimsuit. She was directed by husband John Derek in Tarzan, the Ape Man, Bolero and Ghosts Cant Do It, a widow since 1998, she lives with actor John Corbett. She makes occasional film, television, and documentary appearances, Derek was born Mary Cathleen Collins in Long Beach, California. Her father, Paul Collins, was a Hobie Cat executive, Dereks parents divorced, and her mother married American stunt performer Bobby Bass. Derek attended Narbonne High School and George S. Patton Continuation School, Derek remarked in a 1985 interview on Late Night with David Letterman, I was 16 when I quit high school. I didnt really mean to quit, I spent about a month going to the beach surfing and sunbathing while I was supposed to be in school, when I got caught, my mom was furious. I started to go back to school, and I was really enjoying it, while attending Narbonne High School in Los Angeles at age 16 in 1973, Cathleen became romantically involved with John Derek, a married man 30 years her senior. Not long after the two started dating, John divorced his wife, actress Linda Evans, the couple moved to Germany, where John Derek would not be subject to prosecution under California statutory rape laws due to Cathleens illicit underage association with Derek. In 1973 in Germany, John began to making a film starring Cathleen. Entitled Fantasies, he planned the film as a low-budget English-language romantic drama and it was shot over a 10-day period in Greece in the summer of 1973. Due to the controversy that surrounded Fantasies, Derek had it re-edited twice before trying to sell it to studios. The film went unreleased until 1981, when as Bo Derek and they married on June 10,1976, she was 19 and he was 49. By that time, John Derek had given his wife a so-called Hollywood makeover. She had bleached her hair blonde and adopted the name Bo Derek, in 1977, she caught the eye of director Michael Anderson and was cast in a small role in his upcoming horror flick, Orca, which was Andersons answer to major success of Jaws. The film received a theatrical release in July 1977. In 1979, Derek was selected over Melanie Griffith, Heather Thomas, Dereks appearance in a dream sequence, racing towards Moore in a flimsy flesh-colored swimsuit, became iconic, and launched her status as a mainstream sex symbol. This sequence and Derek’s cornrow hairstyle in the film have often been parodied,10 became a critical and financial blockbuster
46.
Ratatouille (film)
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Ratatouille is a 2007 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar and released by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution. It is the film produced by Pixar and was co-written and directed by Brad Bird. The title refers to a French dish, ratatouille, which is served at the end of the film and is also a play on words about the species of the main character. The plot follows Remy, who dreams of becoming a chef, development of Ratatouille began in 2000 when Pinkava wrote the original concepts of the film. In 2005, Bird was approached to direct the film and revise the story, Bird and some of the films crew members also visited Paris for inspiration. To create the animation used in the film, the crew consulted chefs from both France and the United States. Bird also interned at Thomas Kellers French Laundry restaurant, where Keller developed the confit byaldi, Ratatouille premiered on June 22,2007, at the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles, California, with its general release June 29,2007, in the United States. The film grossed US$620.7 million at the box office, the film later won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, among other honors. Remy is an idealistic and ambitious young rat, gifted with highly developed senses of taste, inspired by his idol, the recently deceased chef Auguste Gusteau, Remy dreams of becoming a cook himself. When an old French woman discovers Remys colony in her house and attempts to exterminate them, they are forced to flee and he ends up in the sewers of Paris and eventually finds himself at a skylight overlooking the kitchen of Gusteaus restaurant. As Remy watches through the window, a man named Alfredo Linguini is hired as a garbage boy by Skinner. When Linguini spills a pot of soup and attempts to recreate it, Remy recognizes that he is ruining it instead, Linguini catches Remy but hides him when he is then confronted by Skinner for tampering with the soup. As the two argue, the soup is served and proves to be a success. Colette Tatou, the only female chef, convinces Skinner to retain Linguini. When Skinner catches Remy trying to escape, he orders Linguini to kill the rat, Remy discovers the evidence of Linguinis inheritance and, after eluding Skinner, gives it to Linguini, who deposes Skinner as owner. The restaurant continues to thrive, and Linguini and Colette develop a budding romance, leaving Remy feeling left out. Remy finds that his clan has come to Paris as well, and is taken to their new lair, frances top restaurant critic, Anton Ego, whose previous negative review cost Gusteaus one of its stars, announces he will be re-reviewing the restaurant the following evening. After a disagreement with Linguini, Remy leads his clan to raid the restaurants pantries in retaliation, having now discovered Remys skills, Skinner captures him in an attempt to use him to create a new line of frozen foods
