1.
Milwaukee
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Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The county seat of Milwaukee County, it is on Lake Michigans western shore, Milwaukees estimated population in 2015 was 600,155. Milwaukee is the cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of 2,046,692 as of 2015. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States, the first Europeans to pass through the area were French Catholic missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, large numbers of German immigrants helped increase the citys population during the 1840s, with Poles and other immigrants arriving in the following decades. Known for its traditions, Milwaukee is currently experiencing its largest construction boom since the 1960s. In addition, many new skyscrapers, condos, lofts and apartments have been built in neighborhoods on and near the lakefront, the word Milwaukee may come from the Potawatomi language minwaking, or Ojibwe language ominowakiing, Gathering place. The first recorded inhabitants of the Milwaukee area are the Menominee, Fox, Mascouten, Sauk, Potawatomi, Ojibwe, many of these people had lived around Green Bay before migrating to the Milwaukee area around the time of European contact. In the second half of the 18th century, the Indians at Milwaukee played a role in all the wars on the American continent. During the French and Indian War, a group of Ojibwas, in the American Revolutionary War, the Indians around Milwaukee were some of the few Indians who remained loyal to the American cause throughout the Revolution. After American independence, the Indians fought the United States in the Northwest Indian War as part of the Council of Three Fires, during the War of 1812, Indians held a council in Milwaukee in June 1812, which resulted in their decision to attack Chicago. This resulted in the Battle of Fort Dearborn on August 15,1812, the War of 1812 did not end well for the Indians, and after the Black Hawk War in 1832, the Indians in Milwaukee signed their final treaty with the United States in Chicago in 1833. This paved the way for American settlement, Europeans had arrived in the Milwaukee area prior to the 1833 Treaty of Chicago. French missionaries and traders first passed through the area in the late 17th and 18th centuries, alexis Laframboise, in 1785, coming from Michilimackinac settled a trading post, therefore, he is the first European descent resident of the Milwaukee region. Early explorers called the Milwaukee River and surrounding lands various names, Melleorki, Milwacky, Mahn-a-waukie, Milwarck, for many years, printed records gave the name as Milwaukie. One story of Milwaukees name says, ne day during the thirties of the last century a newspaper calmly changed the name to Milwaukee, the spelling Milwaukie lives on in Milwaukie, Oregon, named after the Wisconsin city in 1847, before the current spelling was universally accepted. Milwaukee has three founding fathers, Solomon Juneau, Byron Kilbourn, and George H. Walker, Solomon Juneau was the first of the three to come to the area, in 1818. He was not the first European settler but founded a town called Juneaus Side, or Juneautown, in competition with Juneau, Byron Kilbourn established Kilbourntown west of the Milwaukee River and made sure the streets running toward the river did not join with those on the east side
2.
Americans
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Americans are citizens of the United States of America. The country is home to people of different national origins. As a result, Americans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, although citizens make up the majority of Americans, non-citizen residents, dual citizens, and expatriates may also claim an American identity. See Names for United States citizens. S, virgin Islands and Northern Mariana Islands in the 20th century. It also includes influences of African-American culture, westward expansion integrated the Creoles and Cajuns of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the culture of Mexico. Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from Southern and Eastern Europe introduced a variety of elements, immigration from Asia, Africa, and Latin America has also had impact. A cultural melting pot, or pluralistic salad bowl, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics, in addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, the United States of America is a diverse country, racially, and ethnically. Some other race is also an option in the census and other surveys, people of European descent, or White Americans, constitute the majority of the 308 million people living in the United States, with 72. 4% of the population in the 2010 United States Census. They are considered people who trace their ancestry to the peoples of Europe, the Middle East. Of those reporting to be White American,7,487,133 reported to be Multiracial, with largest combination being white, additionally, there are 29,184,290 White Hispanics or Latinos. Non-Hispanic Whites are the majority in 46 states, there are four minority-majority states, California, Texas, New Mexico, and Hawaii. In addition, the District of Columbia has a non-white majority, the state with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic White Americans is Maine. The largest continental ancestral group of Americans are that of Europeans who have origins in any of the peoples of Europe. This includes people via African, North American, Caribbean, Central American or South American and Oceanian nations that have a large European diaspora, the Spanish were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the United States. Martín de Argüelles born 1566, San Agustín, La Florida, was the first person of European descent born in what is now the United States. Twenty-one years later, Virginia Dare born 1587 Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina, was the first child born in the Thirteen Colonies to English parents. 8% of the total population, Hispanic or Latino Americans constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States. They form the second largest group after non-Hispanic Whites in the United States, hispanic/Latino Americans are very racially diverse, and as a result form an ethnic category, rather than a race
3.
Wisconsin
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Wisconsin is a U. S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous. The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, the state is divided into 72 counties. Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline, Wisconsin is known as Americas Dairyland because it is one of the nations leading dairy producers, particularly famous for its cheese. Manufacturing, especially paper products, information technology, and tourism are major contributors to the states economy. The word Wisconsin originates from the given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking Native American groups living in the region at the time of European contact. French explorer Jacques Marquette was the first European to reach the Wisconsin River, arriving in 1673, subsequent French writers changed the spelling from Meskousing to Ouisconsin, and over time this became the name for both the Wisconsin River and the surrounding lands. English speakers anglicized the spelling from Ouisconsin to Wisconsin when they began to arrive in numbers during the early 19th century. The legislature of Wisconsin Territory made the current spelling official in 1845, the Algonquin word for Wisconsin and its original meaning have both grown obscure. Interpretations vary, but most implicate the river and the red sandstone that lines its banks, other theories include claims that the name originated from one of a variety of Ojibwa words meaning red stone place, where the waters gather, or great rock. Wisconsin has been home to a variety of cultures over the past 12,000 years. The first people arrived around 10,000 BCE during the Wisconsin Glaciation and these early inhabitants, called Paleo-Indians, hunted now-extinct ice age animals such as the Boaz mastodon, a prehistoric mastodon skeleton unearthed along with spear points in southwest Wisconsin. After the ice age ended around 8000 BCE, people in the subsequent Archaic period lived by hunting, fishing, agricultural societies emerged gradually over the Woodland period between 1000 BCE to 1000 CE. Toward the end of period, Wisconsin was the heartland of the Effigy Mound culture. Later, between 1000 and 1500 CE, the Mississippian and Oneota cultures built substantial settlements including the village at Aztalan in southeast Wisconsin. The Oneota may be the ancestors of the modern Ioway and Ho-Chunk tribes who shared the Wisconsin region with the Menominee at the time of European contact, the first European to visit what became Wisconsin was probably the French explorer Jean Nicolet. He canoed west from Georgian Bay through the Great Lakes in 1634, pierre Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers visited Green Bay again in 1654–1666 and Chequamegon Bay in 1659–1660, where they traded for fur with local Native Americans. In 1673, Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet became the first to record a journey on the Fox-Wisconsin Waterway all the way to the Mississippi River near Prairie du Chien
4.
Henry Winkler
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Henry Franklin Winkler is an American actor, director, comedian, producer, and author. Winkler is best known for his role as Arthur Fonzarelli in the 1970s American sitcom Happy Days. The Fonz, or Fonzie, a greaser, hot rodder and auto mechanic, started out as a minor character at the shows beginning. He also starred as Sy Mittleman on Adult Swims Childrens Hospital, Winkler also starred on Parks and Recreation. Winkler was born on the West Side of Manhattan, New York City, New York, the son of Ilse Anna Marie Winkler and Harry Irving Winkler, a lumber company president. Winklers Jewish parents emigrated from Berlin, Germany, to the United States in 1939, Winkler said that his parents came to the United States for a six-month business trip but that they knew they were never going back. His father smuggled the only assets the family had left, family jewels, although they did not keep kosher, Winkler was raised in the traditions of Conservative Judaism, but said that he was not religious as an adult. The family attended Congregation Habonim, where his mother, a homemaker and his parents were founding members of the temple. Winkler said he was anxious as a child because of his undiagnosed dyslexia. He said he was considered to be slow, stupid, not living up to my potential and he said his father spoke 11 languages and could do math in his head and did not understand Winklers problems at school, where Winkler would celebrate a C grade. Winkler has said that his relationship with his German parents was strained and he stated his father referred to him as dumb dog and often punished him for his difficulties in school. 87 on W. 78th Street and then graduated from McBurney School in 1963, Winkler said he did not graduate with his class because of his learning disability and problems with a geometry class, which he finally passed after attending summer school. In 1967, Winkler received his B. A. degree from Emerson College, at Emerson, he was a member of the Alpha Pi Theta Fraternity. In 1970, Winkler earned an M. F. A. degree from the Yale School of Drama, in 1978, Emerson awarded Winkler an honorary D. H. L. Winkler has also received an honorary D. H. L. degree from Austin College, Winkler said he had wanted to be an actor from the time he was a young child. Winklers first job on television was as an extra on a show in New York. He received $10 for the role, after working in theater and getting fired from a play in Washington, Winkler moved to New York City and supported himself by appearing in television commercials, one year doing over 30. He was able to support himself with the work so he could do theater for free at Manhattan Theater Club
5.
Bronze
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These additions produce a range of alloys that may be harder than copper alone, or have other useful properties, such as stiffness, ductility, or machinability. The archeological period where bronze was the hardest metal in use is known as the Bronze Age. In the ancient Near East this began with the rise of Sumer in the 4th millennium BC, with India and China starting to use bronze around the same time, everywhere it gradually spread across regions. The Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age starting from about 1300 BC and reaching most of Eurasia by about 500 BC, the discovery of bronze enabled people to create metal objects which were harder and more durable than previously possible. Bronze tools, weapons, armor, and building such as decorative tiles were harder and more durable than their stone. It was only later that tin was used, becoming the major ingredient of bronze in the late 3rd millennium BC. Tin bronze was superior to arsenic bronze in that the process could be more easily controlled. Also, unlike arsenic, metallic tin and fumes from tin refining are not toxic, the earliest tin-alloy bronze dates to 4500 BCE in a Vinča culture site in Pločnik. Other early examples date to the late 4th millennium BC in Africa, Susa and some ancient sites in China, Luristan, ores of copper and the far rarer tin are not often found together, so serious bronze work has always involved trade. Tin sources and trade in ancient times had a influence on the development of cultures. In Europe, a source of tin was the British deposits of ore in Cornwall. In many parts of the world, large hoards of bronze artefacts are found, suggesting that bronze also represented a store of value, in Europe, large hoards of bronze tools, typically socketed axes, are found, which mostly show no signs of wear. With Chinese ritual bronzes, which are documented in the inscriptions they carry and from other sources and these were made in enormous quantities for elite burials, and also used by the living for ritual offerings. Pure iron is soft, and the process of beating and folding sponge iron to wrought iron removes from the metal carbon. Careful control of the alloying and tempering eventually allowed for wrought iron with properties comparable to modern steel, Bronze was still used during the Iron Age, and has continued in use for many purposes to the modern day. Among other advantages, it does not rust, the weaker wrought iron was found to be sufficiently strong for many uses. Archaeologists suspect that a disruption of the tin trade precipitated the transition. The population migrations around 1200–1100 BC reduced the shipping of tin around the Mediterranean, limiting supplies, there are many different bronze alloys, but typically modern bronze is 88% copper and 12% tin
6.
Thumb signal
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These gestures have become metaphors in English, The audience gave the movie the thumbs-up means that the audience approved of the movie, regardless of whether the gesture was actually made. The term itself is an Anglo-Saxon word indicating the measure of a hand with the thumb extended. The source of the gesture is obscure, but a number of origins have been proposed and it has been suggested that thumbs up was a signal from English archers preparing for battle that all is well with their bow and they are ready to fight. Before use, the Fistmele was checked, that being the distance between the string and the bow on an English Longbow and this fistmele should be about 7 inches, which is about the same as a fist with thumb extended. The term Fistmele is a Saxon word that refers to that measurement, carleton S. Coon, having observed Barbary apes in Gibraltar using the gesture, hypothesised in the anthropological classic The Story of Man that it is a mutual celebration of having opposable thumbs. Critics have suggested, however, that the apes may be simply imitating humans, the Latin phrase pollice verso is used in the context of gladiatorial combat for a hand gesture used by Ancient Roman crowds to pass judgment on a defeated gladiator. However, the type of gesture described by the phrase pollice verso and its meaning are unclear in the historical. In modern popular culture, it is assumed that thumbs down was the signal that a defeated gladiator should be condemned to death, thumbs up, now they give shows of their own. Over time, the sight of an upraised thumb came to symbolize harmony. For an example in the 17th century see the Diego Velázquez painting The Lunch, the gestures popularization in America is generally attributed to the practices of World War II pilots, who used the thumbs up to communicate with ground crews prior to take-off. This custom may have originated with the China-based Flying Tigers, who were among the first American flyers involved in World War II, the appreciative Chinese would say ”挺好的“, meaning very good, and gesture with a thumbs up, which in Chinese means youre number one. High officials in the Chinese government see it as a sign of respect, any person from China will recognize this numerical gesture, and it can be seen in movies and photos of the era, though this has not been verified in print by American Volunteer Group pilots. During World War II, pilots on US aircraft carriers adopted the thumbs up gesture to alert the crew that they were ready to go. On modern US carriers, certain deck crew hold a thumb up to signal to the pilot and control tower that their station is OK for take-off. The use of the specific term thumbs up to describe the gesture can be found on a series of produced by the Exhibit Supply Company of Chicago. These cards were designed to be mailed to soldiers overseas, American GIs are reputed to have picked up on the thumb gesture and spread it throughout Europe as they marched toward Berlin. Combat pilots in the US and around the world use this gesture. According to Luís da Câmara Cascudo, Brazilians have adopted the thumbs up from watching American pilots based in northern Brazil during World War II, the thumbs up signal has a generally positive connotation in English-speaking countries
7.
Mary Tyler Moore
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She was later active in charity work and various political causes, particularly the issues of animal rights and diabetes. She was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes early in the run of The Mary Tyler Moore Show and she also suffered from alcoholism, which she wrote about in her first of two memoirs. In May 2011, Moore underwent elective surgery to remove a benign meningioma. She died from cardiopulmonary arrest due to pneumonia at the age of 80 on January 25,2017, Moore was born in Brooklyn, New York, to George Tyler Moore, a clerk, and his wife Marjorie Hackett. Moore was the oldest of three children, Moores family lived on Ocean Parkway in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn. Her paternal great-grandfather, Lieutenant Colonel Lewis Tilghman Moore, owned the house which is now the Stonewall Jacksons Headquarters Museum in Winchester, when she was eight years old, Moores family moved to Los Angeles at the recommendation of Moores uncle, an MCA employee. She was raised Catholic, and attended St. Rose of Lima Parochial School in Brooklyn until the third grade and she then attended Saint Ambrose School in Los Angeles, followed by Immaculate Heart High School in Los Feliz, California. Moores sister, Elizabeth, died at age 21 from a combination of. painkillers, Moore decided at age 17 that she wanted to be a dancer. Her television career began with Moores first job as Happy Hotpoint, after appearing in 39 Hotpoint commercials in five days, she received approximately $6,000. She became pregnant while working as Happy and Hotpoint ended her work when it was too difficult to conceal her pregnancy with the elf costume. Moore modeled anonymously on the covers of a number of albums and auditioned for the role of the older daughter of Danny Thomas for his long-running TV show. Much later, Thomas explained that she missed it by a nose, no daughter of mine could ever have a nose that small. Moores first regular role was as a mysterious and glamorous telephone receptionist on Richard Diamond. On the show, Moores voice was heard, but only her legs appeared on camera, about this time, she guest-starred on John Cassavetess NBC detective series Johnny Staccato. She also guest-starred in Bachelor Father in the episode titled Bentley, the show was produced by Danny Thomass company, and Thomas himself recommended her. He remembered Moore as the girl with three names whom he had turned down earlier, Moores energetic comic performances as Van Dykes characters wife, begun at age 24, made both the actress and her signature tight capri pants extremely popular, and she became internationally known. When she won her first Emmy Award for her portrayal of Laura Petrie, she said, the Mary Tyler Moore Show is a half-hour newsroom sitcom featuring Ed Asner as her gruff boss Lou Grant. The premise of the working womans life, alternating during the program between work and home, became a television staple
8.
The Mary Tyler Moore Show
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The program featured American televisions first never-married, independent career woman as the central character. It is one of the most acclaimed television programs in US television history and it received high praise from critics during its run, including Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series three years in a row, and continued to be honored long after the final episode aired. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked The Mary Tyler Moore Show No.6 in its list of the 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time. Mary Richards is a woman who, at age 30. She applies for a job at television station WJM. She is instead offered the position of associate producer of the stations Six OClock News and she befriends her tough but lovable boss Lou Grant, newswriter Murray Slaughter, and buffoonish anchorman Ted Baxter. Mary later becomes producer of the show, Mary rents a third-floor studio apartment in a 19th-century house from acquaintance and downstairs landlady, Phyllis Lindstrom, and she and upstairs neighbor Rhoda Morgenstern become best friends. Characters introduced later in the series are acerbic, man-hungry TV hostess Sue Ann Nivens, at the beginning of season 6, after both Rhoda and Phyllis have moved away, Mary relocates to a one-bedroom high-rise apartment. In the third season, issues such as pay for women, pre-marital sex. In the fourth season, such subjects as marital infidelity and divorce are explored with Phyllis and Lou, in the fifth season, Mary refuses to reveal a news source and is jailed for contempt of court. While in jail, she befriends a prostitute who seeks Marys help in a subsequent episode, Mary dates several men on and off over the years, two seriously, but remains single throughout the series. In 1995, Entertainment Weekly said that TVs most famous bachelorette pad was Marys apartment, the fictitious address was 119 North Weatherly, but the exterior establishing shots were of a real house in Minneapolis at 2104 Kenwood Parkway. In the real house, an unfinished attic occupied the space behind the window recreated on the studio set of Marys apartment. Once fans of the series discovered where exterior shots had been taken, according to Moore, the woman who lived in the house was overwhelmed by the people showing up and asking if Mary was around. To discourage crews from filming footage of the house, the owners placed an Impeach Nixon sign beneath the window where Mary supposedly lived. The house continued to attract 30 tour buses a day more than a decade after production ended, at the time of Mary Tyler Moores death, on January 25,2017, the Kenwood Parkway house was for sale at $1.7 million. Mary Richards, a single native Minnesotan, moves to Minneapolis in 1970 at age 30 and her sincere, kind demeanor often acts as a foil for the personalities of her co-workers and friends. Lou Grant is the Producer of the news and his tough and grumpy demeanor initially hides his kind-hearted nature which is gradually revealed as the series progresses
9.
Jackie Gleason
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John Herbert Jackie Gleason was an American comedian, actor, and musician who developed a style and characters in his career from growing up in Brooklyn, New York. He was known for his visual and verbal comedy style. By filming the episodes with Electronicams, Gleason later could release the series in syndication and he also developed The Jackie Gleason Show, which maintained high ratings from the mid-1950s until its cancellation in 1970. After originating in Hollywood, filming moved to Miami, Florida, John Herbert Gleason was born in 1916 at 364 Chauncey Street in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn. He grew up at 328 Chauncey, named Herbert Walton Gleason, Jr. at birth, he was baptized John Herbert Gleason. His parents were Herbert Walton Herb Gleason, an Irish-American insurance auditor, Gleason was one of two children, his brother, Clement J. died of meningitis at age 14. Gleason remembered him and his father having a beautiful handwriting, and he used to watch him work at the kitchen table. Once it became evident that he was not coming back, Mae went to work as an attendant for the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation. With the disappearance of his father, young Gleason began hanging around with a gang, hustling pool. 73 Elementary School in Brooklyn, John Adams High School in Queens, Gleason became interested in performing after being part of a class play, he quit school before graduating and got a job that paid $4 per night as master of ceremonies at a theater. Other jobs he held at that time included working in a hall, as a stunt driver. He performed the same duties twice a week at the Folly Theater, Gleason was raised by his mother. When she died in 1935 of sepsis from a large neck carbuncle, Gleason was 19, he had nowhere to go, and he had 36 cents to his name. The family of his first girlfriend, Julie Dennehy, offered to him in, Gleason, however, was headstrong. His friend Sammy Birch made room for him in the room he shared with another comedian. Birch also told him of a gig in Reading, Pennsylvania. The booking agent advanced him bus fare for the trip against his salary and this was Gleasons first job as a professional comedian, henceforth, he would always have regular work in small clubs. Gleason worked his way up to a job at New Yorks Club 18, Gleason greeted noted skater Sonja Henie by handing her an ice cube and saying, Okay, now do something
10.
The Honeymooners
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The Honeymooners is an American television sitcom created by and starring Jackie Gleason, based on a recurring 1951–55 comedy sketch of the same name. The popularity of the sketches led Gleason to rework The Honeymooners as a filmed half-hour series, the final episode of The Honeymooners aired on September 22,1956, although Gleason revived the characters sporadically until 1978. The Honeymooners was one of the first U. S. television shows to portray working-class married couples in a gritty, the program is also popular internationally, particularly in Canada, Poland and Scandinavian countries Norway and Sweden. The majority of The Honeymooners focused on its four principal characters on fixed sets within a Brooklyn apartment building, played by Jackie Gleason—a bus driver for the fictional Gotham Bus Company based out of Brooklyn, NY. He is never seen driving a bus, but is shown at the bus depot. Ralph is frustrated by his lack of success, and often develops get-rich-quick schemes, Ralph is very short tempered, frequently resorting to bellowing, insults and hollow threats. Well-hidden beneath the layers of bluster, however, is a soft-hearted man who loves his wife and is devoted to his best pal. Ralph enjoys bowling, playing pool and being a member in the Loyal Order of Raccoon Lodge. Ralph was given membership in the union for real New York City bus drivers during the run of the show. Ralph Kramden is the inspiration for the animated character Fred Flintstone, Alice, played in the first seven episodes by Pert Kelton and by Audrey Meadows throughout the Classic 39, is Ralphs patient but sharp-tongued wife of roughly 15 years. She often finds herself bearing the brunt of Ralphs insults, which she returns with biting sarcasm and she has grown accustomed to his empty threats, One of these days. Right in the kisser. or BANG, ZOOM, to which she usually replies, Ahhh, shaddap. She studied to be a secretary before her marriage, and works briefly in that capacity when Ralph is laid off, wilma Flintstone is based on Alice Kramden. Another foil for Ralph is Alices mother, who is even sharper-tongued than her daughter and she despises Ralph as a bad provider. Alices father is mentioned but never seen. Alices sister, Agnes, appeared in one episode, Ralph and Alice lived with her mother for six years after getting married before they got their own apartment. Ralphs mother is mentioned, but appears in one episode. Ralphs father is mentioned in one episode as having given Ralph a cornet he learned to play as a boy
11.
Port Authority Bus Terminal
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The Port Authority Bus Terminal is the main gateway for interstate buses into Manhattan in New York City. It is owned and operated by the Port Authority of New York, the PABT, opened in 1950 between 8th and 9th Avenues and 40th and 41st Streets, was built to consolidate the many different private terminals spread across Midtown Manhattan. A second wing extending to 42nd Street was added in 1979 and it is one of three bus terminals operated by the PANYNJ, the others being the George Washington Bridge Bus Station in Upper Manhattan and the Journal Square Transportation Center in Jersey City. PABT serves as a terminus and departure point for routes, as well as for long-distance intercity routes. It has 223 departure gates and 1,250 car parking spaces, as well as commercial, in 2011, there were more than 2.263 million bus departures from the terminal. The terminal has reached peak capacity, leading to congestion. As it does not allow for parking, buses are required to use local streets or lots. The PANYNJ has been unsuccessful in its attempts to expand passenger facilities through public private partnership, in June 2013, it commissioned an 18-month study that would consider reconfiguration, expansion, and replacement options. Before construction of the PABT, there were several terminals scattered throughout Midtown Manhattan, the Dixie Bus Center on West 42nd, located on the ground floor of the hotel of the same name, opened in 1930 and operated until 1959. The South Wing of the PABT, originally built in the International Style, a vertical addition of three parking levels able to accommodate 1,000 cars was completed in 1963. Plans to expand the bus station to 42nd Street were floated as early as 1965, the North Wing was opened in 1979. This expansion increased capacity by 50 percent and created a new façade comprising 27 steel X-shaped trusses, based on this façade design, Virtualtourist listed the PABT in 2008 as one of the Worlds Top 10 Ugliest Buildings and Monuments. In 2007, the South Wing underwent a seismic retrofit in a $52 million building project to reinforce. The PANYNJ has attempted to expand the terminal through public–private partnerships by leasing air rights over the North Wing. In 1999, a 35-story building, to be known as 7 Times Square, was proposed to be constructed over the North Wing, however, the project was put on hold in 2001 due to a decline in the economy following the dot com bust. Between 2000 and 2011, the PANYNJ worked with Vornado Realty Trust, New escalators would be installed to help move passengers more quickly between the gate area and the ground floor. Construction was expected to begin in 2009 or 2010 and take four years to complete, the agreement expired in August 2009, and in May 2010, Vornado was given a retroactive extension on the deadline to August 2011. In July 2011, Vornado announced they had found a new partner to finance the tower, but in November 2011
12.
Marion Ross
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Marion Ross is an American actress. Her best known role is that of Marion Cunningham on the ABC television sitcom Happy Days, on which she starred from 1974 to 1984, Ross also starred in The Evening Star, for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. Born Marian Ross in Watertown in Carver County in southern Minnesota, at the age of 13, she changed the spelling of her name from Marian to Marion because she thought it would look better on a marquee. A year later, her moved to San Diego, California. She graduated from Point Loma High School in San Diego, Ross enrolled in San Diego State University, where she was named the schools most outstanding actress. After graduation in 1950, she performed in theater in La Jolla. The director was impressed by her talent and recommended that she try for work in films, Ross made her 1953 film debut in Forever Female, starring Ginger Rogers and William Holden. Ross career on television began in 1953, when she played the Irish maid on the series Life With Father for two years. In 1954, she appeared as Ginny Thorpe on The Lone Ranger, in 1959, she appeared as a starting teacher, Miss McGinnis, on ABCs The Donna Reed Show. Within the storyline, Miss McGinnis is unable to relate to her students until housewife Donna Stone steps in with advice to help the situation, novak, Hawaii Five-O, The Brady Bunch, The Fugitive, Night Court. In the 1961–62 television season, she played Gertrude Bergs daughter, Susan Green, on the CBS sitcom Mrs. G. Goes to College, Ross had an uncredited and non-speaking role as one of the hapless passengers on board Trans Global Flight #2 in Airport. That year, Ross played a computer scientist opposite Eric Braeden in the sci-fi thriller Colossus, Ross best known role is on the sitcom Happy Days, which aired for eleven seasons on ABC, from 1974 to 1984. She portrayed endearing matriarch Marion Cunningham, mother of Richie, Joanie and she received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for her work on the show, in 1979 and 1984. The series pilot was an episode of Love, American Style in 1972, Ross later reprised Marion Cunningham on the spin-off series Joanie Loves Chachi and on Family Guy. Between 1978 and 1986, she appeared as different characters on The Love Boat, however, in the 1986–87 television season, Ross became a series regular, playing Emily Haywood. She later starred in the short-lived but critically acclaimed comedy-drama Brooklyn Bridge, despite airing for only two seasons, the series won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award following its first season. In 1996, she starred as housekeeper Rosie Dunlop opposite Shirley MacLaine in the Terms of Endearment sequel The Evening Star, the film was poorly received, and Ross was one of the few participants who received praise. Despite panning the film, New York Times critic Janet Maslin enthused that, Marion Ross does a warm and she went on to be nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance
