1.
San Diego Comic-Con
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San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
2.
The Hateful Eight
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The Hateful Eight is a 2015 American revisionist Western mystery film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Samuel L. Tarantino announced The Hateful Eight in November 2013, after the script leaked in January 2014, he cancelled the film but announced that he had changed his mind after directing a live reading of the script at the United Artists Theater in Los Angeles. Filming began on December 8,2014, near Telluride, Colorado, distributed by The Weinstein Company in the United States, The Hateful Eight was released on December 25,2015, in a roadshow release in 70 mm film. It had a digital release on December 30,2015. It received positive reviews, with Leigh receiving considerable praise, for his work on the score, Morricone won the Golden Globe and his first Academy Award for Best Original Score. The film also earned two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress and Best Cinematography, years after the Civil War, bounty hunter Major Marquis Warren is transporting three dead bounties to the town of Red Rock, Wyoming. He hitches a ride on a driven by a man named O. B. Jackson. Aboard is John Ruth, a bounty hunter known for bringing in outlaws alive to see them hang, handcuffed to him is fugitive Daisy Domergue, Ruth is suspicious of anyone who might steal his claim to the substantial bounty. Ruth and Warren bond over Warrens personal letter from Abraham Lincoln, former Lost-Causer militiaman Chris Mannix, who claims he is traveling to Red Rock as the towns new sheriff, persuades Ruth and Warren to let him on the stagecoach. Warren and Ruth form an alliance to protect each others bounties, Mannix and Warren almost come to blows over their controversial war records. The group seeks refuge from a blizzard at Minnies Haberdashery, a stagecoach lodge and they are greeted by Bob, a Mexican who says the owner, Minnie, is visiting her mother and left him in charge. The other lodgers are Oswaldo Mobray, a hangman, Joe Gage, a quiet cowboy traveling to visit his mother, and Sanford Smithers, suspicious, Ruth disarms all but Warren. As the group eats, Mannix surmises that Warrens Lincoln letter is a forgery, Warren admits this, saying the letter buys him leeway with whites, outraging Ruth. Warren leaves a gun next to Smithers and provokes him into reaching for it by telling Smithers he tortured, raped, Warren shoots Smithers dead in self-defense as revenge for Smithers execution of black soldiers at the Battle of Baton Rouge. While everyone is distracted by the confrontation, someone seen only by Daisy poisons the brewing coffee, Ruth and O. B. drink it, causing them both to vomit blood, killing O. B. The dying Ruth attacks Daisy, but she kills him with his own gun, Warren disarms Daisy, holds the men at gunpoint and leaves her cuffed to Ruths corpse. Warren is joined by Mannix, whom Warren trusts because he drank the poisoned coffee. Warren executes Bob, deducing that he is an impostor who killed the lodge owners, when Warren threatens to execute Daisy, Gage admits that he poisoned the coffee
3.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
4.
Illinois
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Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, the word Illinois comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word. For decades, OHare International Airport has been ranked as one of the worlds busiest airports, Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics. With the War of 1812 Illinois growth slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier, mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration—by the 1810s, the Eastern U. S. Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s, and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois, as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets. Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other states from the tyranny of water transport. By 1900, the growth of jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars, the Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago, who created the citys famous jazz and blues cultures. Three U. S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, additionally, Ronald Reagan, whose political career was based in California, was the only U. S. president born and raised in Illinois. Today, Illinois honors Lincoln with its official slogan, Land of Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the capital of Springfield. Illinois is the spelling for the early French Catholic missionaries and explorers name for the Illinois Native Americans. American scholars previously thought the name Illinois meant man or men in the Miami-Illinois language and this etymology is not supported by the Illinois language, as the word for man is ireniwa and plural men is ireniwaki. The name Illiniwek has also said to mean tribe of superior men. The name Illinois derives from the Miami-Illinois verb irenwe·wa he speaks the regular way and this was taken into the Ojibwe language, perhaps in the Ottawa dialect, and modified into ilinwe·. The French borrowed these forms, changing the ending to spell it as -ois. The current spelling form, Illinois, began to appear in the early 1670s, the Illinois name for themselves, as attested in all three of the French missionary-period dictionaries of Illinois, was Inoka, of unknown meaning and unrelated to the other terms. American Indians of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans, the Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation
5.
Choate Rosemary Hall
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Choate Rosemary Hall is private, college-preparatory, coeducational, boarding school located in Wallingford, Connecticut. It took its present name and began a system with the merger in 1971 of two single-sex establishments, The Choate School and Rosemary Hall. At the merger, the Wallingford campus was enlarged with a complex of modernist buildings on its edge to accommodate the students from Rosemary Hall. Choate is a member of the Eight Schools Association, begun informally in 1973–74 and formalized in 2006, the member schools are Choate, Andover, Exeter, Deerfield, St. Pauls, Hotchkiss, Lawrenceville, and Northfield Mount Hermon. Among Choates alumni are President John F, see also, Rosemary Hall for its history before the 1971 re-affiliation with Choate. The schools that would eventually become Choate Rosemary Hall were begun by members of two prominent New England families, the Choates and Atwaters. Rosemary Hall was founded in 1890 by Mary Atwater Choate at Rosemary Farm in Wallingford, her girlhood home, Mary, an alumna of Miss Porters School, was the great-granddaughter of Caleb Atwater, a Connecticut merchant magnate who supplied the American forces during the Revolutionary War. In 1775 General George Washington visited the Atwater store in Wallingford en route to assuming command of the Continental Army, on that occasion, Washington took tea with judge Oliver Stanley at the Red House, now Squire Stanley House on the Choate campus. In 1878 Mary Atwater Choate had co-founded a vocational organization for Civil War widows, the advertisement was answered by Caroline Ruutz-Rees, a 25-year-old Briton teaching in New Jersey. On October 3,1890, the New Haven Morning News reported, at the beautiful Rosemary Farms, which have been the property of Mrs. Choates family for five generations. Rev. Edward Everett Hale addressed the girls in his inimitable way, at once attractive. Never forget, said he, that it is an art to do what you do well. If you limp, limp well, and if you dance, dance well, the eight arriving girls occupied the original school building, old Atwater House, at the northwest corner of Christian and Elm streets, where new Atwater House now stands. They also had the use of Atwater homestead, which stands at the center of the present day campus, on the northeast corner of Christian and Elm streets. Caroline Ruutz-Rees, headmistress of Rosemary Hall until 1938, was a figure of extraordinary personality and influence, on the Wallingford golf course she wore bloomers, which shocked the locals, and on buggy rides to Wallingford station she carried a pistol. She quickly changed Rosemary Halls mission from domestic arts to that of a boys school. The Choate School was founded by William and Mary Choate in 1896. William Gardner Choate, Harvard class of 1852, was U. S. District Judge for the Southern Circuit of New York from 1878 to 1881, and afterward a partner of Shipman, Barlow, Laroque, and Choate
6.
University of Pennsylvania
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The University of Pennsylvania is a private Ivy League research university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Incorporated as The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn is one of 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities, the university coat of arms features a dolphin on the red chief, adopted directly from the Franklin familys own coat of arms. Penn was one of the first academic institutions to follow a multidisciplinary model pioneered by several European universities and it was also home to many other educational innovations. The first school of medicine in North America, the first collegiate school. With an endowment of $10.72 billion, Penn had the seventh largest endowment of all colleges in the United States, all of Penns schools exhibit very high research activity. In fiscal year 2015, Penns academic research budget was $851 million, over its history, the university has also produced many distinguished alumni. S. House of Representatives,8 signers of the United States Declaration of Independence, in addition, some 30 Nobel laureates,169 Guggenheim Fellows, and 80 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, have been affiliated with Penn. In addition, Penn has produced a significant number of Fortune 500 CEOs, in 1740, a group of Philadelphians joined together to erect a great preaching hall for the traveling evangelist George Whitefield, who toured the American colonies delivering open air sermons. The building was designed and built by Edmund Woolley and was the largest building in the city at the time and it was initially planned to serve as a charity school as well, however, a lack of funds forced plans for the chapel and school to be suspended. According to Franklins autobiography, it was in 1743 when he first had the idea to establish an academy, however, Peters declined a casual inquiry from Franklin and nothing further was done for another six years. Unlike the other Colonial colleges that existed in 1749—Harvard, William and Mary, Yale, Franklin assembled a board of trustees from among the leading citizens of Philadelphia, the first such non-sectarian board in America. At the first meeting of the 24 members of the Board of Trustees the issue of where to locate the school was a prime concern. The original sponsors of the dormant building still owed considerable construction debts and asked Franklins group to assume their debts and, accordingly, on February 1,1750 the new board took over the building and trusts of the old board. On August 13,1751, the Academy of Philadelphia, using the hall at 4th and Arch Streets. A charity school also was chartered July 13,1753 in accordance with the intentions of the original New Building donors, June 16,1755, the College of Philadelphia was chartered, paving the way for the addition of undergraduate instruction. All three schools shared the same Board of Trustees and were considered to be part of the same institution, the institution of higher learning was known as the College of Philadelphia from 1755 to 1779. In 1779, not trusting then-provost the Rev. William Smiths Loyalist tendencies, the result was a schism, with Smith continuing to operate an attenuated version of the College of Philadelphia. In 1791 the Legislature issued a new charter, merging the two institutions into a new University of Pennsylvania with twelve men from each institution on the new Board of Trustees
7.
Diane Ladd
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Diane Ladd is an American actress, film director, producer and author. She has appeared in over 120 film and television roles, for the 1974 film Alice Doesnt Live Here Anymore, she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She went on to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television for Alice and her other film appearances include Chinatown, Ghosts of Mississippi, Primary Colors,28 Days, and American Cowslip. Ladd is the mother of actress Laura Dern, with her ex-husband, Ladd is related to playwright Tennessee Williams and poet Sidney Lanier. Ladd was raised in the Roman Catholic faith of her mother, Ladd was married to actor and one-time co-star Bruce Dern from 1960 to 1969, and had two children, including Diane Elizabeth Dern, who died at seventeen and a half months, and actress Laura Dern. Ladd and Laura Dern co-starred in the films, Wild at Heart, Rambling Rose and Inland Empire, Ladd is currently married to Robert Charles Hunter. In 1971, Ladd joined the cast of the CBS soap opera and she was the second actress to play the role of Kitty Styles on the long-running daytime serial. That film inspired the television series Alice, in which Flo was portrayed by Polly Holliday, when Holliday left the TV series, Ladd succeeded her as waitress Isabelle Belle Dupree. She appeared in the independent screwball comedy Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me in 1992, where she played a flirty, aging Southern belle alongside her real mother, actress Mary Lanier. In 1993, Ladd appeared in the episode Guess Whos Coming to Chow. of the CBS comedy/western series Harts of the West in the role of the mother of co-star Harley Jane Kozak. The 15-episode program, set on a ranch in Nevada starred Beau Bridges. In 2004, Ladd played psychic Mrs. Druse in the miniseries of Stephen Kings Kingdom Hospital. In April 2006, Ladd released her first book, Spiraling Through The School of Life, A Mental, Physical, in 2007, she co-starred in the Lifetime Television film Montana Sky. Dern received a nomination for Best Actress for Rambling Rose, the dual mother and daughter nominations for Ladd and Dern in Rambling Rose marked the first time in Academy Award history that such an event had occurred. They were also nominated for dual Golden Globe Awards in the same year, Ladd has also worked in onstage. She made her Broadway debut in Carry Me Back to Morningside Heights in 1968, in 1976, she starred in A Texas Trilogy, Lu Ann Hampton Laverty Oberlander, for which she received a Drama Desk Award nomination. She currently stars in the Hallmark Channel series Chesapeake Shores, note, Alice Doesnt Live Here Anymore released in 1974 in the US and 1975 in the UK. On November 1,2010, Ladd, Laura Dern, and Bruce Dern received adjoining stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Diane Ladd at the Internet Movie Database Diane Ladd profile at Allmovie. com, accessed May 9,2014
8.
Laura Dern
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Laura Elizabeth Dern is an American actress. Dern won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for the 1992 film Afterburn and she is known for her collaborations with filmmaker David Lynch, having appeared in three of his films and the upcoming revival of Twin Peaks. The poet, writer, and Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish was her great-great-uncle, laura Derns film debut was a cameo in her mothers film White Lightning. She also made a appearance in Alice Doesnt Live Here Anymore. Her mother objected to her 13-year-old daughters presence on the set of Ladies and Gentlemen, The Fabulous Stains, in 1982, she became the youngest-ever winner of Miss Golden Globe. Dern began working with acting coach Sandra Seacat in 1984, Dern would later attribute Seacat with a dramatic transformation in her life and work. Between 1985 and 1990, Dern gained critical acclaim for roles in Mask, Blue Velvet, Derns starring role in Blue Velvet was a breakthrough though her next notable film, Wild at Heart, took almost four years to be released. Derns affiliation with David Lynch has continued with her role in Inland Empire, Dern starred as Dr. Ellie Sattler in Steven Spielbergs 1993 film Jurassic Park. That same year, Clint Eastwood contacted the actress for his film A Perfect World and she also starred as Ruth in the 1996 film Citizen Ruth, the directorial debut of Alexander Payne. Derns mother makes a appearance, playing Derns characters mother. In 1997, Dern was featured in Widespread Panics music video for their song, Aunt Avis, in 1998, Dern co-starred in Jodie Fosters film The Baby Dance. While dating Thornton in 1999, she was cast as his love interest in his film Daddy and Them, Dern also appeared in Joe Johnstons film October Sky. Robert Altman called upon Derns talents to play a Champagne-loving Aunt in his Texas-based comedy Dr. T & the Women in 2000 and she co-starred in Within These Walls and Arthur Millers Focus. She had a role in Jurassic Park III, and was a supporting actress in the film I Am Sam. She starred in the 2002 film Damaged Care and the 2004 film We Dont Live Here Anymore, Dern starred in the 2005 film Happy Endings, and in the same year, she appeared in the film The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio. In 2006, David Lynch and Dern reunited for Inland Empire and, also in 2006, Dern had a supporting role in Lonely Hearts. Mike White, known for writing School of Rock and The Good Girl, hired Dern for his debut in 2007. In 2008 Dern starred in Recount for which she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Series, Miniseries or Television Film
9.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
10.
Coming Home (1978 film)
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Coming Home is a 1978 American drama film directed by Hal Ashby and starring Jane Fonda, Jon Voight and Bruce Dern. The screenplay by Waldo Salt and Robert C. Jones was from a story by Nancy Dowd, the plot follows the drama between a young woman, her Marine husband and the paralyzed Vietnam War veteran she meets while her husband is overseas. Fonda and Voight won Academy Awards for their performances, while Dern was nominated for an Academy Award. In the spring of 1968 in California, Sally, a loyal and conservative military wife, is married to Bob Hyde, as a dedicated military officer, Bob sees it primarily as an opportunity for progress. At first, Sally dreads being left alone, but after a while she feels liberated, forced to find housing off the base, she moves into a new apartment by the beach and buys a sports car. With nothing else to do, she decides to volunteer at a veterans hospital. This, in part, is motivated by her bohemian friend Vi Munson, at the hospital, Sally meets Luke Martin, a former high school classmate. Like his friend Billy, Luke had gone to Vietnam but come back wounded and he is recuperating at the hospital from the injuries he sustained which left him a paraplegic. Filled with pain, anger, and frustration, Luke is now opposed to the war, Luke at first is a bitter young man, but as he is increasingly thrown into contact with Sally, a relationship starts to develop. Eventually, Luke is released from the hospital, and, newly mobile with his own wheelchair and she is also transformed by him and her outlook on life starts to change. They have happy times, play at the beach, and the two fall in love, meanwhile, Billy, traumatized by his experiences at war, commits suicide by injecting air into his veins. After Billy’s suicide, Luke has only one obsession, do anything to stop sending young men off to war, Sally and Luke eventually make love, confronting his handicap. It is the first time Sally has had an orgasm, however, she remains loyal to her husband, and both she and Luke know their relationship will have to end when her husband returns home. Bob does return, too soon, claiming he accidentally wounded himself in the leg and he is also suffering from post traumatic stress disorder from what he has seen in combat. Bob then discovers Sally’s affair from Army Intelligence and both Sally and Luke agree that Sally should try to patch things up with Bob, Bob loses control, menacingly confronting the lovers with a loaded rifle, but ultimately turns away. Coming Home was conceived by Jane Fonda as the first feature for her own company, IPC Films, with her associate producer Bruce Gilbert. Fonda had in mind to make a film about the Vietnam War inspired by her friendship with Ron Kovic, a paraplegic Vietnam War Veteran, who she met in an antiwar rally. In 1972, Fonda hired Nancy Dowd, a friend from her days in the feminist movement, the project dragged on for six years, until Bruce Gilbert and producer Jerome Hellman took it
11.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
12.
Nebraska (film)
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Nebraska is a 2013 American black-and-white comedy-drama film directed by Alexander Payne and written by Bob Nelson. It stars Bruce Dern, Will Forte, June Squibb, the film follows a Montana resident attempting to claim a million-dollar sweepstakes prize on a long trip to Nebraska, accompanied by his son. Nebraska was nominated for the Palme dOr at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, in Billings, Montana, elderly Woody Grant is found walking around in traffic and stopped by a police officer. He is picked up by his son, David, who learns that Woody wants to go to Lincoln, when David sees the sweepstakes letter, he knows immediately that it is a mail scam designed to get gullible people to purchase magazine subscriptions. He brings Woody home where Davids mother Kate becomes increasingly annoyed by Woodys insistence on collecting his money, after Woody is picked up again trying to get to Nebraska, David and his older brother Ross, a local TV news anchor, discuss putting Woody in a retirement home. David is paid a visit by his ex-girlfriend, Noel, who returns his belongings and their conversation is cut short by a call from Davids mother reporting that his father has taken off once again. David retrieves Woody and decides to drive him all the way to Lincoln, while in Rapid City, South Dakota, Woody goes on a bender and hits his head while stumbling back to their motel room. David takes him to the hospital to get his head stitched up, David learns that they will be passing through Woodys hometown of Hawthorne, Nebraska, and suggests they spend the night with Woodys family. Woody is against the idea, but they end up going anyway and they stay with Woodys brother Ray, Rays wife and two grown sons, Cole and Bart. Woody and David visit a mechanic shop Woody once co-owned, followed by some beers at a bar, when David brings up Woodys alcoholism and problems within the family—with Woody implying that he did not love Kate nor really want children—they get into an argument. At another bar, they run into Woodys former business partner, Ed Pegram, over Davids objections, Woody mentions winning the money and the barflies toast his good fortune. The next morning, they learn that the news has spread through the town like wildfire, Kate arrives by bus in Hawthorne, where David escorts his parents to the cemetery. Kate pays her respects there while providing some colorful history on Woodys relatives, a local newspaper owner wants to run a story about Woody and his sweepstakes victory. She is an old lover of Woodys and provides David with some background about his father, including how he was affected and turned to alcohol after being shot down during the Korean War. That night, while David is out to dinner with Woody and Kate, Ed corners David in the room about some money Ed loaned Woody years ago that he wants back. The rest of Woodys family, including Ross, come to visit him, Woodys nephews, Cole and Bart, and others approach David and Ross about their share of the money that they believe Woody owes them. A fight begins, ending abruptly with Kate calling out the relatives for their own unpaid debts, David, Kate, Ross, and Woody tour Woodys childhood home, which has fallen into disrepair. They drive past a house Kate identifies as Eds, so David, Kate soon realizes that the house actually belongs to another couple
13.
Roger Corman
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Roger William Corman is an American independent film producer, director, and actor. He has been called The Pope of Pop Cinema and is known as a trailblazer in the world of independent film, much of Cormans work has an established critical reputation, such as his cycle of low budget cult films adapted from the tales of Edgar Allan Poe. In 2009, he was awarded an Honorary Academy Award, Corman mentored and gave a start to many young film directors such as Francis Ford Coppola, Ron Howard, Martin Scorsese and James Cameron. He also helped to launch the careers of actors Peter Fonda, a documentary about Cormans life and career entitled Cormans World, Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel, directed by Alex Stapleton, premiered at the Sundance and Cannes Film Festivals in 2011. The films TV rights were picked up by A&E IndieFilms after a screening at Sundance. Corman was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Anne and William Corman and his younger brother, Eugene Harold Gene Corman, has also produced numerous films, sometimes in collaboration with Roger. Corman and his brother were baptized in their mothers Catholic faith, Corman went to Beverly Hills High School and then to Stanford University to study Industrial Engineering. While at Stanford, Corman enlisted in the V-12 Navy College Training Program, after the end of World War II, Corman returned to Stanford and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Engineering in 1947. While at Stanford University, Roger Corman was initiated in the fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon, in 1948, he worked briefly at U. S. Electrical Motors on Slauson Avenue in Los Angeles, but his career in engineering lasted only four days, he work on Monday and quit on Thursday. More interested in film, Corman found work at 20th Century Fox initially in the mail room and he worked his way up to a story reader. The one property that he liked the most and provided ideas for was filmed as The Gunfighter with Gregory Peck, when Corman received no credit at all he left Fox and decided he would work in film by himself. Under the GI Bill, Corman studied English Literature at Oxford University and he then returned to Los Angeles, beginning his film career in 1953 as a producer and screenwriter, then started directing films in 1955. Corman began to direct films in the mid-1950s, including Swamp Women, in his early period, he produced up to nine movies a year. His fastest film was perhaps The Little Shop of Horrors, which was shot in two days and one night. Supposedly, he had made a bet that he could shoot a feature film in less than three days. Another version of the claims that he had a set rented for a month. In addition to producing and directing films for American International Pictures, in 1959, Corman founded Filmgroup with his brother Gene, a company producing or releasing low-budget black-and-white films as double features for drive-ins and action houses
14.
The Wild Angels
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The Wild Angels is a 1966 Roger Corman film, made on location in Southern California. The Wild Angels was made three years before Easy Rider and was the first film to associate actor Peter Fonda with Harley-Davidson motorcycles and it was also the film that inspired the outlaw biker film genre that continued into the early 1970s. Small supporting roles are played by Michael J. Pollard and Gayle Hunnicutt and, according to literature promoting the film, members of the Hells Angels from Venice, members of the Coffin Cheaters motorcycle club also appeared. In 1967 AIP followed this film with Devils Angels, The Glory Stompers with Dennis Hopper and they blame a group of Mexicans in a repair shop, and the two groups brawl. The police arrive, chasing the Angels on foot, and the Loser escapes by stealing a police motorcycle, after a chase on mountain roads, one of the officers shoots the Loser in the back, putting him in the hospital. Blues leads a group of Angels that sneaks him out of the hospital. The nurse identifies Blues to police though he stopped the attack, without proper medical care, the Loser goes into shock and dies. His cohorts forge a death certificate and arrange a funeral in the Loser’s rural hometown. Blues interrupts the service, and the Angels have a party, later, the Angels proceed to the Sequoia Grove cemetery to bury the Loser. There, the locals throw stones at the Angels and provoke a fight, as police sirens approach and everyone scatters, Mike begs Blues to leave immediately, but he refuses and tells her to leave with another member of the gang. Blues stays behind, and before burying his friend on his own, says with resignation and they approached Roger Corman, who hired Charles B. Griffiths first draft was a near-silent movie which contrasted the bikers with the story of a motorcycle cop. Corman did not like it and had Griffith rewrite it, Corman still was not happy and gave it to Peter Bogdanovich to rewrite. Bogdanovich later estimated he rewrote 80% of the script and he later directed second unit and did various other odd jobs. George Chakiris and Peter Fonda were originally cast in the lead roles, however Chakiris could not ride a bike so he was replaced by Fonda. Film critic Leonard Maltin called The Wild Angels OK after about 24 beers and it opened the Venice Film Festival in 1966, to tepid response. But the film was shown anyway, Corman took chances with this subject matter and the Charles B. Griffith–authored screenplay, without being overly graphic, which paid dividends commercially, The Wild Angels was the 16th highest-grossing film of 1966, the film had admissions in France of 531,240
15.
The St. Valentine's Day Massacre (film)
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The St. Valentines Day Massacre is a 1967 gangster film based on the 1929 Chicago mass murder of seven members of the Northside Gang on orders from Al Capone. It was directed by Roger Corman and written by Howard Browne, the film starred Jason Robards as Al Capone, George Segal as Peter Gusenberg, David Canary as Frank Gusenberg and Ralph Meeker as George Bugs Moran. Orson Welles was originally supposed to play Capone, but Twentieth Century Fox vetoed the deal, the films narration has a style similar to that of Welles but was actually narrated by renowned Hollywood voice actor Paul Frees. A young Bruce Dern plays one of the victims of the massacre, also featured are Jan Merlin as one of Morans lieutenants and veteran Corman actor Dick Miller as one of the phony policemen involved in the massacre. An organized crime war breaks out two rival gangs in Chicago during the Roaring Twenties. The leader of the Southside Mob is the notorious Al Capone, Moran, too, wants control of the towns bootlegging and gambling operations. His lieutenants Peter and Frank Gusenberg use threats and intimidation to make tavern owners do business with them in exchange for protection, Peter Gusenberg also argues and fights with his moll, particularly over her extravagant spending of his money. Moran gives the order to have a crony of Capones eliminated as the Chicago body count escalates, also at the garage - and caught in the attack - were Johnny May, a mechanic, and Reinhardt Schwimmer, an optician who enjoyed being around gangsters. Of the victims, only Frank Gusenberg, Peters brother survives and is taken to a hospital, despite knowing that he will soon die, Frank refuses to tell the police anything. Ironically, Moran himself, the apparent focus of the attack, was not in garage, in the aftermath, Al Capone is shown dispatching those responsible for carrying out the attack. No one is charged for the murders of St. Valentines Day of 1929. Doody Barboura Morris as Jeanette Landsman The St, to make certain the film would have the look of a gangster film, Roger Corman shot the film at the Desilu studios and used other sections of the back lot for different locales of Chicago. He filmed the Massacre scene in one of the Desilu lots which got converted to look like the garage where the crime was committed, another matter was the recreation of the Massacre itself, before filming, Corman found photos of the mass murders. Then he had the actors for the study the stills, followed by rehearsals. After one take, the massacre came in the way it looked in the old photos, the film was one of the few that Roger Corman directed from a major Hollywood studio with a generous budget and an open-ended schedule. While most directors would love such an assignment, Corman was disgusted with the waste of time. He was given a $2.5 million budget and made it for $400,000 less, Corman, an independent director, was most comfortable in his own style, shoestring budgets, and shooting schedules measured in days, rather than weeks. Nonetheless, it is considered one of his best films as a director
16.
The Trip (1967 film)
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Peter Fonda stars as a young television commercial director, Paul Groves. Paul Groves, a commercial director, takes his first dose of LSD while experiencing the heartbreak and ambivalence of divorce from his beautiful. He starts his trip with a guide, John, but runs away, experiencing repetitive visions of pursuit by dark hooded figures mounted on black horses, Paul sees himself running across a beach. As Paul experiences his trip, he wanders around the Sunset Strip, into nightclubs, Paul considers the roles played by commercialism, sex, the role of women in his life. He meets a woman, Glenn, who is interested in people who take LSD. Having learned from Paul recently that he would be taking LSD, max plays a role as another friendly guide to his trip. Driven into the surf by his pursuers, Paul turns and faces both of them, and they reveal themselves to be his wife and Glenn. As the sun rises, Paul returns to his state of consciousness now transformed by the trip. Glenn asks him whether his first LSD experience was constructive, Paul defers his answer to tomorrow. His face is frozen in close-up, and his image cracks like glass through a special effect. Corman wildly edited some scenes for The Trip, particularly the night scenes on the Sunset Strip. Finally, Corman included inscrutable fantasy sequences including one where Fonda is faced with revolving pictures of Che Guevara, Sophia Loren, for no apparent reason, a little person riding a merry-go-round in the background blurts Bay of Pigs. The story plays over a backdrop of improvisational jazz, blues rock of the band The Electric Flag, plus an exotic musical score with an organ. Roger Corman did research by taking LSD himself, griffith wrote the first two drafts of the script—the first one was about the social issues of the sixties, the second one was an opera. Corman then hired Jack Nicholson to write the eventual screenplay, Corman encouraged Nicholsons experimental writing style and gives between 80 and 90 percent credit to Nicholson for the shooting script in the directors commentary appearing on the DVD of this film. Corman slightly modified the story to stay within budget, released at the end of August 1967 at the pinnacle of the Summer of Love, the film had a huge cultural impact and grossed six million dollars - a massive sum for a movie that cost $100 thousand. The film encountered huge censorship problems in the UK and was refused a certificate 4 times by the BBFC, a cinema classification was rejected in 1967,1971 and 1980, and again for video in 1988. It was eventually released on DVD fully uncut in 2004, Corman says it took $6 million in rentals
17.
The Cowboys
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The Cowboys is a 1972 American western film starring John Wayne, Roscoe Lee Browne, Slim Pickens, Colleen Dewhurst and Bruce Dern. Robert Carradine made his debut with fellow child actor Stephen Hudis. It was filmed at locations in New Mexico, Colorado and at Warner Brothers Studio in Burbank. Based on the novel by William Dale Jennings, the screenplay was written by Irving Ravetch, Harriet Frank, Jr. and Jennings, and directed by Mark Rydell. When his ranch hands abandon him to join a gold rush and he rides into deserted Bozeman, Montana. There, Anse Peterson suggests using local schoolboys, Andersen visits the school but departs unconvinced. The next morning, a group of the show up at Andersens ranch to volunteer for the drive. Andersen tests the ability to stay on a bucking horse. As the boys successfully take turns, Cimarron, another man slightly older than the others. After successfully subduing and riding the test horse, Cimarron gets into a fight with Slim, Andersen, though impressed by Cimarrons abilities, has misgivings because of his angry nature and sends him away. Andersen reluctantly decides to hire the boys, while Andersen and the boys prepare for the cattle drive, a group of mysterious men led by Long Hair Asa Watts show up asking for work. Andersen catches Watts in a lie about his past, and refuses to hire them, jebediah Jeb Nightlinger, a Black camp cook arrives with a chuck wagon, making Andersons trail crew complete. Under Andersens continued tutelage, the boys learn to rope, brand and herd the cattle, much to Andersens concern, Cimarron follows the drive from afar. However, while crossing a river, Slim slips off his horse and, unable to swim, although Slim is saved by Cimarron, Andersen berates one of the boys for his stuttering problem which nearly caused Slims death. The stuttering boy swears at Andersen repeatedly, losing his stutter in the process, satisfied, Andersen decides to let Cimarron stay. During another episode, the boys steal Nightlingers whiskey and drink it, afterwards, one of the boys, Charlie, falls off his horse and is trampled to death by the herd. Slowly, the boys learn under Andersens tutelage and become rather good cowhands, soon after, Mr. Nightlingers chuck wagon throws a wheel. As the cowboys continue to drive the herd, Mr. Nightlinger stays behind to fix the wagon, the rustlers led by Watts begin paralleling the herd, and that night, surprise Andersen and the cowboys in their camp
18.
Silent Running
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Silent Running is a 1972 environmentally-themed American post-apocalyptic science fiction film starring Bruce Dern, featuring Cliff Potts, Ron Rifkin, and Jesse Vint. It was directed by Douglas Trumbull, who had worked as a special effects supervisor on science fiction films, including 2001, A Space Odyssey. In the future, all plant life on Earth has become extinct, a few specimens have been preserved in enormous, greenhouse-like geodesic domes attached to a fleet of American Airlines space freighters, currently just outside the orbit of Saturn. Lowell spends most of his time in the domes, both cultivating the crops and attending to the animal life, orders come from Earth to jettison and destroy the domes and return the freighters to commercial service. After four of the six domes are jettisoned and blown up Lowell rebels and opts instead to save the plants, Lowell kills one of his crew-mates who arrives to plant explosives in his favorite dome, with his right knee seriously injured in the process. He traps the two crewmen in the other dome, just as it is jettisoned and destroyed. He then reprograms the drones to perform surgery on his leg, later, as the ship endures the rough passage, Drone 3 is lost, but the ship and its remaining dome emerge relatively undamaged on the other side of the rings. Lowell and the surviving drones – which he nicknames Huey and Dewey after the cartoon characters – set out into space to maintain the forest. Lowell also reprograms Huey and Dewey to plant trees and play poker, Huey is damaged when Lowell accidentally collides with him while driving a buggy recklessly, and Dewey sentimentally refuses to leave Hueys side during the repairs. As time passes Lowell is horrified when he discovers that his bio-dome is dying, when the Berkshire – another space freighter waiting to see if the Valley Forge has survived the trip – eventually re-establishes contact, he knows that his crimes will soon be discovered. It is then that he realizes a lack of light has restricted plant growth, in an effort to save the last forest before the Berkshire arrives, Lowell jettisons the dome to safety. He then detonates nuclear charges, destroying the Valley Forge, the damaged Huey, the final scene is of the now well-lit forest greenhouse drifting into deep space, with Dewey tenderly caring for it, holding a battered old watering can. In the original version the space freighters were on permanent duty, when they are finally told to blow the domes and return to Earth, it is because the freighters are going to be scrapped. As in the version, he reprograms the robots for some companionship. The subplot involving the plants dying due to a lack of light was involved, eventually he receives a signal from an alien ship and decides to approach it, making humanitys first contact with aliens. The conclusion was a race between Lowell, who was trying to contact the aliens, and the boarding party trying to retake the ship. Finally, in desperation, Lowell detaches one of the domes with one of the robots aboard seconds before he is killed by the boarding party, the dome drifts off into deep space, where it is found by the aliens. The film would have ended with a confused Dewey introducing itself to the equally baffled aliens by presenting them with a photo of Lowell
19.
The Great Gatsby (1974 film)
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The Great Gatsby is a 1974 American romantic drama film distributed by Newdon Productions and Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Jack Clayton and produced by David Merrick, from the screenplay by Francis Ford Coppola and based on F. Scott Fitzgeralds 1925 novel of the same name. Gatz Beth Porter as Mrs. McKee Patsy Kensit as Pammy Buchanan The rights to the novel were purchased in 1971 by Robert Evans so that his wife Ali MacGraw could play Daisy. After MacGraw left Evans for Steve McQueen, he considered other actresses for the role, including Faye Dunaway, Candice Bergen, Natalie Wood, Katharine Ross, Lois Chiles, however, Mia Farrow was cast as Daisy and Chiles was given the role of Jordan. Warren Beatty, Jack Nicholson and Steve McQueen declined the role of Jay Gatsby which went to Robert Redford, Beatty wanted to direct producer Evans as Gatsby and Nicholson did not think that MacGraw was right for the role of Daisy, who was still attached when he was approached. Farrow was pregnant during production, and the movie was filmed with her wearing loose, flowing dresses, truman Capote was the original screenwriter but he was replaced by Francis Ford Coppola. Coppola had just finished directing The Godfather but was unsure of its commercial reception and he believes he got the job on the recommendation of Robert Redford, who had liked a rewrite Coppola did on The Way We Were. Coppola had read Gatsby but wasnt familiar with it and he checked himself into a hotel room in Paris and started. He later recalled, I was shocked to find there was almost no dialogue between Daisy and Gatsby in the book, and was terrified that Id have to make it all up. So I did that—I think a scene in which Daisy and Gatsby stay up all night. I said, Yeah, yeah, but Ive got to finish the Gatsby script, and I sent the script in, just in time. It had taken me two or three weeks to complete, on his commentary track for the DVD release of The Godfather, Coppola refers to writing the Gatsby script, adding Not that the director paid any attention to it. The script that I wrote did not get made, I called him and told him what a wonderful thing he had done. If you see the movie, you will find all this hard to believe, the director who was hired, Jack Clayton, is a Brit. He had one thing all of them have in their blood, well, Clayton decided this, that Gatsbys parties were shabby and tacky, given by a man of no elevation and taste. Because Gatsby was a fool and why should we care about their love. It was not as if Coppolas glory had been jettisoned entirely, though it was tampered with plenty, it was more that the reality and passions it depicted were gone. The Rosecliff and Marble House mansions in Newport, Rhode Island, were used for Gatsbys house while scenes at the Buchanans home were filmed at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire, one driving scene was shot in Windsor Great Park, UK
20.
Black Sunday (1977 film)
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Black Sunday is a 1977 American thriller film directed by John Frankenheimer, based on Thomas Harris novel of the same name. The film was produced by Robert Evans, and stars Robert Shaw, Bruce Dern and it was nominated for the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture in 1978. The screenplay was by Ernest Lehman, Kenneth Ross and Ivan Moffat, Ross had previously written the screenplay for The Day of the Jackal, a similar plot-driven political thriller. Michael Lander is a pilot who flies the Goodyear Blimp over National Football League games to film them for network television, secretly deranged by years of torture as a prisoner of war in Vietnam, he had a bitter court martial on his return and a failed marriage. He longs to commit suicide and to take him as many as possible of the cheerful. Dahlia and Black September, in turn, intend the attack as a call for the American people, to turn their attention. American and Israeli intelligence, led by Mossad agent David Kabakov and Federal Bureau of Investigation agent Sam Corley, after discovering the recording Iyad made, meant to be played after the attack, they piece together the path of the explosives into the country, and Iyads own movements. The bomb-carrying blimp is chased by helicopters as it approaches the stadium. Kabakov kills Lander and Iyad, but not before Lander lights the fuse to the blimps bomb, Kabakov lowers himself from the helicopter to the blimp, hooks it up and hauls it out of the stadium and over the ocean where it blows up. As appearing in Black Sunday, The film was produced by former Paramount Pictures chief Robert Evans and he had earlier produced Chinatown and Marathon Man. Director John Frankenheimers frequent line producer Robert L. Rosen was credited as executive producer, as it hinged on filming a real Goodyear Blimp at a real Super Bowl, there were many challenges. Luckily, Frankenheimer had a relationship with the heads of The Goodyear Tire. Goodyear granted use of all three of its U. S. -based blimps for Black Sunday, with a nose section recreated for filming its appearance over the stadium. The blimps were flown by pilots, Nick Nicolary and Corky Belanger Sr. among the five pilots who were involved in the production. While Goodyear allowed the use of their fleet, they did not allow the Goodyear Wingfoot logo to be used in the advertising or the poster for the film. Thus, the words Super Bowl are featured in place of the logo on the blimp in the advertising collateral, the films score was composed by John Williams. In January 2010, Film Score Monthly issued an edition of 10,000 copies of the previously unreleased soundtrack. Black Sunday was among the films ever in the history of Paramount Pictures test screenings
21.
The Driver
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The Driver is a 1978 crime thriller film written and directed by Walter Hill, starring Ryan ONeal, Bruce Dern, and Isabelle Adjani. Based upon similarities in plot elements, it is influenced by Jean-Pierre Melvilles film Le Samouraï. The film is notable for its impressive car chases, its no-frills style of filmmaking. The Driver - real name unknown - is a man who has made a career out of stealing fast cars. Hot on the Drivers trail is the Detective, a cop who refers to the Driver as Cowboy. The Player, a beautiful, mysterious woman, witnesses the Driver speeding away from a casino robbery, since the Driver has never been caught, the Detective is obsessed with catching him. Gordon suggested to Hill they make a film about a getaway driver, Hill says he wrote it as a very tight script and could not get it cast for a year and a half. I knew when I was getting ready to do the movie that I was taking a chance and this was not meant to be an everyday action movie. I was trying to do something a little more, or a little less, the script was written in a sparse, minimalist style, which Hill had first employed on Hard Times. I thought that made people read with greater intention, said Hill. It’s spare in detail but written to dramatic effect and you could maybe capture the mind of the reader a little better. Walter Hill says he sent a copy of the draft of the script to Raoul Walsh for his approval. In the late 1970s, Britains EMI Films came under the stewardship of Michael Deeley and they began co-financing movies shot in Hollywood in association with major US studios that were aimed at the international market, such as Convoy, The Deer Hunter and The Driver. They were interested in financing The Driver provided a suitable star could be found for the lead, the role of the driver was originally intended for Steve McQueen, who had starred in the Hill-scripted The Getaway. McQueen turned down the role because he did not want to do another car thing, according to Hill, the studio then went to Charles Bronson who had been in Hard Times but Bronson was unhappy with Hill. He thought I had edited Hard Times in a way that had not favoured Jill Ireland, said Hill, and I never thought he’d do it. Hill was contacted by Ryan ONeals agent and agreed to meet the star and we talked about the role and talked about the minimalist approach I wanted to try, said Hill. He felt he could do it and we just got comfortable with each other, although considered primarily a comedy and romantic star at the time, ONeals casting enabled the filmmakers to secure finance
22.
The 'Burbs
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The Burbs is a 1989 American comedy thriller film directed by Joe Dante starring Tom Hanks, Bruce Dern, Carrie Fisher, Rick Ducommun, Corey Feldman, Wendy Schaal and Henry Gibson. The film was written by Dana Olsen, who also has a cameo in the movie, the film pokes fun at suburban environments and their eccentric dwellers. Art Weingartner, the Petersons other next-door neighbor, believes the Klopeks are murderers, during the night, Ray watches the Klopeks digging in their back yard with pick-axes in a rainstorm. The following morning, Art checks the contents of the truck as it is collecting the Klopeks can. He is joined by Rumsfield and Ray, but they find no human remains, Ray, Art, Bonnie and Ricky Butler go to Walters house and find his toupee in the kitchen, also believing this to be a clue to Walters sudden disappearance. Ray collects the dog and leaves a note for Walter, explaining the situation, the following night, Ray and Art have a meeting in the Petersons basement and theorize about Walters mysterious disappearance. In the morning, Ray sends Carol and son Dave to go visit Carols sister, after Art disables the Klopeks security system, he and Ray enter the backyard and begin digging for Walters remains, while Rumsfield stands guard on his roof. After hours of digging and finding nothing incriminating, Ray and Art enter the house, Ray then begins to dig into the loose soil that constitutes the basement floor, believing they must have incinerated Walters body then buried his bones in the soil. That evening, the Klopeks come back, only to back out when they see lights on in their basement. Rumsfield, Art, and Ricky are shocked to see Walter return home and he yells for Art to flee right before the house explodes into flames with Ray still inside. A disheveled and burned Ray emerges from the flames just as his wife returns, Art talks to an officer, who explains that Walter had a medical emergency and his family took him to the hospital, thus explaining his mysterious and sudden disappearance. While away, Walter had made arrangements for the Klopeks to pick up his mail for him, when Ray had slipped the toupee through the mail slot, it got picked up mistakenly with the mail. Ray snaps at Art and declares that they were wrong about the Klopeks, before lunging at Art and he attempts to murder Ray by lethal injection to collect his skull as Hans assumes the role of the ambulance driver, but crashes into the Weingartners house during the struggle. The gurney, with Ray and Werner still struggling on, rolls out of the ambulance, Ray makes a citizens arrest on his would-be murderer as Ricky uncovers a large collection of human skeletal remains in the Klopeks trunk. The Klopeks are arrested and the charges against Ray are dropped, Ray tells Ricky that he and his family are going away for a while and that he needs him to keep an eye on the neighborhood. There was a legendary hatchet murder in the thirties, and every once in a while, youd pick up the paper and read something like LIBRARIAN KILLS FAMILY. As a kid, it was fascinating to think that Mr. Flanagan down the street could turn out to be Jack the Ripper, and where theres fear, theres comedy. So I approached The Burbs as Ozzie and Harriet Meet Charles Manson, olsens script attracted producer Larry Brezner, who brought it to Imagine Films
23.
Monster (2003 film)
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Monster is a 2003 crime drama film about serial killer Aileen Wuornos, a former prostitute who was executed in Florida in 2002 for killing six men in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Wuornos was played by Charlize Theron, and her fictionalized lover, Patty Jenkins wrote and directed the film. After moving from Michigan to Florida, Aileen Wuornos, a prostitute, after initial hostility and declaring that she is not gay, Aileen talks to Selby over beers. Selby takes to Aileen almost immediately, as she likes that she is protective of her. Selby invites her to spend the night with her and they return to the house where Selby is staying. They later agree to meet at a skating rink. Aileen and Selby fall in love, but they have nowhere to go, after being raped and brutalized by a client, Vincent Corey, Aileen kills him in self-defense and decides to quit prostitution. She confesses her action to Selby, while Selby has been angry with her for not supporting the two of them, Aileen tries to find legitimate work, but because of her lack of qualifications and criminal history, prospective employers reject her and are occasionally openly hostile. Desperate for money, she returns to prostitution and she robs and kills her johns, each killed in a more brutal way than the last, as she is convinced that they are all trying to rape her. She spares one man out of pity when he admits he has never had sex with a prostitute but eventually kills another man who, instead of exploiting her, Aileen uses the money she steals from her victims to indulge herself and Selby. However, as Selby reads in the papers about the string of murders and she confronts Aileen, who justifies her actions by claiming she was only protecting herself. Horrified, Selby returns to Ohio on a charter bus, Aileen is eventually arrested at a biker bar and speaks to Selby one last time while in jail. Selby reveals some incriminating information over the telephone and Aileen realizes that the police are listening in, to protect her lover, Aileen admits she committed the murders alone. During Aileens trial, Selby testifies against her, Aileen is convicted and sentenced to death. On October 9,2002, Aileen is executed by lethal injection, Charlize Theron as Aileen Wuornos Christina Ricci as Selby Wall Bruce Dern as Thomas Lee Tergesen as Vincent Corey Annie Corley as Donna Pruitt Taylor Vince as Gene / Stuttering John Marco St. For the role, Theron gained 30 pounds, shaved her eyebrows, critics called her performance, and her makeup, a transformation. Film critic Roger Ebert named it best film of the year, is one of the greatest performances in the history of the cinema. Riccis performance also drew praise, but was not without criticism
24.
Kenilworth, Illinois
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Kenilworth is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States,15 miles north of downtown Chicago. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,513 and it is the newest of the nine suburban North Shore communities bordering Lake Michigan, and is one of those developed as a planned community. Kenilworth has a reputation as being the wealthiest and the most exclusive community in the Midwest, even after the housing slump the average house in Kenilworth sells for about $1 million. Kenilworth is located at 42°5′17″N 87°42′57″W, according to the 2010 census, Kenilworth has a total area of 0.61 square miles, all land. The highest point in the village is in the northwest corner and this point is about 643 feet above sea level, or 68 feet above the surface of Lake Michigan. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,513 people,800 households and 699 families residing in the village, the population density was 4,188.3 people per square mile. There were 855 housing units at a density of 1,425.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 97. 4% White,0. 3% African American,0. 1% Native American,1. 3% Asian, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 6% of the population. 11. 1% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 3.14, and the average family size was 3.41. In the village, the population was out with 34. 3% under the age of 18,4. 9% from 18 to 24,14. 6% from 25 to 44,32. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42.4 years, for every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males, for the period 2007-11, the estimated median annual income for a household in the village was $242,188, and the median income for a family was over $250,000. The per capita income for the village was $104,301,1. 2% of families and 1. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1. 8% of those under age 18 and 3. 5% of those age 65 or over. Kenilworth has its own school district, with its only school being Joseph Sears School. The district is School District 38 in Cook County, and is the fifth most expensive K-8 district in the state of Illinois in per-student spending, the school, commonly known as Sears, runs from junior kindergarten through eighth grade, with about sixty students per grade. Sears has its own gymnasium, auditorium, library, and one computer lab, in addition to a blacktop. Annual events that go on at Sears include The Eighth Grade Play, the Spelling Bee, the Geography Bee, Scamper Night, and Field Day. Most students participate in one of the athletic teams, including boys and girls basketball, boys and girls volleyball, coed soccer, field hockey and coed track
25.
George Dern
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George Henry Dern was an American politician, mining man, and businessman. He is probably best remembered for co-inventing the Holt–Dern ore roasting process and he also served as the sixth Governor of Utah for eight years, from 1925 to 1933. Dern was a politician who fought for tax reform, public education. He was a public speaker, able to captivate and entertain his audience, whether they were Progressives, Democrats. George Henry Dern was born in Dodge County, Nebraska on September 8,1872 and he was the son of John Dern, a pioneering Nebraska farmer, mine operator, and industrialist, and Elizabeth, whose maiden name was the same as her married name, Dern. John was president of the Mercur Gold Mining and Milling Company and no doubt had a influence on George. Dern graduated from Nebraskas Fremont Normal College of Midland University in 1888, Dern was also a talented athlete, serving as the University’s football captain during that time. In 1894 he accompanied his family to Salt Lake City, joining the Mercur Gold Mining and Milling Company, rising rapidly from bookkeeper to company treasurer, he was promoted in 1901 to general manager of the company, which had been reorganized as the Consolidated Mercur Gold Mines Company. Dern was co-inventor of the Holt-Dern roaster, a furnace for carrying out the Holt-Christenson roasting process, Mercur Gold Mining and Milling shut down in 1913, however Dern’s experience and passion for mining would be reflected later on in his political career. On June 7,1899, in Fremont, Dodge County, Nebraska, he married Charlotte Lottie Brown and had six living children altogether, margaret, Elizabeth, and James G. all were married up until the time of his death in 1936. Lottie died on September 5,1952 in Chicago, and is buried in Mt. Olivet Cemetery, Salt Lake City, Dern entered politics in 1914, running on a Democratic and Progressive fusion ticket in a Utah state senate district encompassing Salt Lake County. He was elected in 1914, serving until 1923 in the state senate and his tenure there was marked by strong advocacy of progressive legislation, including a landmark mineral leasing act that leased, rather than sold, Utahs mineral rights to private concerns. Challenging incumbent Republican governor Charles R. Mabey, Dern ran on the catchy slogan We want a Dern good governor, at the time, Utah was extremely Republican oriented. This was largely due to the concentration of Mormons, typically having conservative republican viewpoints. Dern obviously had a knack for reaching across party lines. Dern’s ability in this area can be attributed to his outgoing, open-minded, arguing that the general property tax was unfair as the sole source of state revenue, Dern secured the adoption of a state income tax and a corporate franchise tax against strong opposition. He also took a role in resolving important interstate problems related to the building of the Boulder Dam on the Colorado River. This controversy brought him into conflict with U. S. secretary of commerce Herbert Hoover
26.
Utah
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Utah is a state in the western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the U. S. on January 4,1896, Utah is the 13th-largest by area, 31st-most-populous, and 10th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States. Utah has a population of more than 3 million, approximately 80% of whom live along the Wasatch Front, Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast, approximately 62% of Utahns are reported to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or LDS, which greatly influences Utahn culture and daily life. The LDS Churchs world headquarters is located in Salt Lake City, Utah is the only state with a majority population belonging to a single church. The state is a center of transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, in 2013, the U. S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second fastest-growing population of any state. St. George was the metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005. Utah also has the 14th highest median income and the least income inequality of any U. S. state. A2012 Gallup national survey found Utah overall to be the best state to live in based on 13 forward-looking measurements including various economic, lifestyle, the name Utah is derived from the name of the Ute tribe. It means people of the mountains in the Ute language, according to other sources Utah is derived from the Apache name Yudah which means Tall. These Native American tribes are subgroups of the Ute-Aztec Native American ethnicity and were sedentary, the Ancestral Pueblo people built their homes through excavations in mountains, and the Fremont people built houses of straw before disappearing from the region around the 15th century. Another group of Native Americans, the Navajo, settled in the region around the 18th century, in the mid-18th century, other Uto-Aztecan tribes, including the Goshute, the Paiute, the Shoshone, and the Ute people, also settled in the region. These five groups were present when the first European explorers arrived, the southern Utah region was explored by the Spanish in 1540, led by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, while looking for the legendary Cíbola. A group led by two Catholic priests—sometimes called the Dominguez-Escalante Expedition—left Santa Fe in 1776, hoping to find a route to the coast of California, the expedition traveled as far north as Utah Lake and encountered the native residents. The Spanish made further explorations in the region, but were not interested in colonizing the area because of its desert nature, in 1821, the year Mexico achieved its independence from Spain, the region became known as part of its territory of Alta California. European trappers and fur traders explored some areas of Utah in the early 19th century from Canada, the city of Provo, Utah was named for one, Étienne Provost, who visited the area in 1825. The city of Ogden, Utah was named after Peter Skene Ogden, in late 1824, Jim Bridger became the first known English-speaking person to sight the Great Salt Lake. Due to the salinity of its waters, Bridger thought he had found the Pacific Ocean
27.
United States Secretary of War
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The Secretary of War was a member of the United States Presidents Cabinet, beginning with George Washingtons administration. A similar position, called either Secretary at War or Secretary of War, had appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789. Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position, when Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution, he appointed Knox to continue serving. The Secretary of War was the head of the War Department, at first, he was responsible for all military affairs, including naval affairs. In 1798, the Secretary of the Navy was created by statute, from 1886 onward, the Secretary of War was third in the line of succession to the presidency, after the Vice President of the United States and the Secretary of State. The office of Secretary at War was modelled upon Great Britains Secretary at War, the office of Secretary at War was meant replaced both the Commander-in-Chief and the Board of War, and like the President of the Board, the Secretary wore no special insignia. The Inspector General, Quartermaster General, Commissary General, and Adjutant General served on the Secretarys staff, however, the Army itself under Secretary Henry Knox only consisted of 700 men. Parties No party Federalist Democratic-Republican Democratic Whig Republican Confederate States Secretary of War Bell, commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff 1775-2005, Portraits and Biographical Sketches. United States Army Center of Military History, encyclopedia of the United States Cabinet 1789-2010. Charlottesville, Virginia, The Judge Advocate Generals School, U. S. Army
28.
Sullivan Center
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It was designed by Louis Sullivan for the retail firm Schlesinger & Mayer in 1899, and expanded by him and subsequently sold to H. G. Selfridge & Co. in 1904. That firm occupied the structure for only a matter of weeks before it sold the building to Otto Young, subsequent additions were completed by Daniel Burnham in 1906 and Holabird & Root in 1961. The building has been used for retail purposes since 1899, and has been a Chicago Landmark since 1975 and it is part of the Loop Retail Historic District. The Sullivan Center was initially developed because of the Chicago Great Fire of 1871, in 1872, the partnership of Leopold Schlesinger and David Mayer began after their immigration from Bavaria. In 1881 Schlesinger and Mayer had moved their dry-goods store into the Bowen Building that was on the corner of State, the facades were added to match the bottom stories of the building and the building was painted white. In 1892, Schlesinger and Mayer hired Adler and Sullivan to do further remodeling and add a new entrance to the corner of State and that never happened because Schlesinger and Mayer changed their minds to make it a ten-story building, which also never happened. It eventually got painted white and then a bridge was added that connected the story of the building to the elevated railroad. In 1898, Schlesinger and Mayer decided to remove the building located on State. Sullivan had both a nine and twelve-story proposal made up for new building. They eventually started with a portion of the building that was made on the Madison Street side next to the original portion of the Adler. In 1902 Schlesinger and Mayer came back to Sullivan wanting a building on State and Madison. The Madison Street portion that was added earlier did not structurally support twelve stories so it was left as is, Sullivan came up with a three-stage plan to finish the new building and allow Schlesinger and Mayer to keep their business running during the Christmas season. This provided larger displays of merchandise to outside pedestrian traffic creating the idea of the sidewalk showcase, in between the windows were lavish bands of terra cotta that replaced the earlier plan for white Georgia quarries because it was lightweight and inexpensive. Another reason for the change in type of marble they would use in construction was that stonecutters were having a strike in 1898 during the time of construction. The lavish Bronze-plated cast-iron ornamental work above the tower was also meant to be functional because it was to be as resilient as a sheet of copper. Both the use of bronze and terra cotta was important to setting the building apart from others because it was fire resistant. It created a sense of monumentality, Sullivan thought the building would be an asset to the city for a long period of time. To ensure this great building would last and be resilient against the threat of fire, there was a 40 ft water tower put on the roof to supply the system with enough water
29.
Archibald MacLeish
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Archibald MacLeish was an American poet and writer who was associated with the Modernist school of poetry. MacLeish studied English at Yale University and law at Harvard University and he enlisted in and saw action during World War One, and lived in Paris in the 1920s. On returning to the US, he contributed to Henry Luces magazine Fortune from 1929 to 1938, for five years MacLeish was Librarian of Congress, a post he accepted at the urging of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. From 1949 to 1962, MacLeish was Boylston Professor of Rhetoric, MacLeish was awarded three Pulitzer Prizes for his work. MacLeish was born in Glencoe, Illinois and his father, Scottish-born Andrew MacLeish, worked as a dry goods merchant. His mother, Martha, was a professor and had served as president of Rockford College. He grew up on an estate bordering Lake Michigan and he attended the Hotchkiss School from 1907 to 1911 before entering Yale University, where he majored in English, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and was selected for the Skull and Bones society. He then enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he served as an editor of the Harvard Law Review, in 1916, he married Ada Hitchcock. His studies were interrupted by World War I, in which he served first as a driver and later as a captain of artillery. His brother, Kenneth MacLeish was killed in action during the war and he graduated from law school in 1919, taught law for a semester for the government department at Harvard, then worked briefly as an editor for The New Republic. He next spent three years practicing law with the Boston firm Choate, Hall & Stewart, MacLeish expressed his disillusion with war in his poem Memorial Rain, published in 1926. In 1923 MacLeish left his law firm and moved with his wife to Paris, France and he returned to America in 1928. From 1930 to 1938 he worked as a writer and editor for Henry Luces Fortune Magazine, during which he became increasingly politically active. By the 1930s, he considered Capitalism to be symbolically dead, while in Paris, Harry Crosby, publisher of the Black Sun Press, offered to publish MacLeishs poetry. Both MacLeish and Crosby had overturned the normal expectations of society, rejecting conventional careers in the legal, Crosby published MacLeishs long poem Einstein in a deluxe edition of 150 copies that sold quickly. MacLeish was paid US$200 for his work, in 1932, MacLeish published his long poem Conquistador which presents Cortéss conquest of the Aztecs as symbolic of the American experience. In 1933, Conquistador was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, the first of three awarded to MacLeish, the book was influential on Steinbeck in writing The Grapes of Wrath. American Libraries has called MacLeish one of the hundred most influential figures in librarianship during the 20th century in the United States. ”Franklin D. Roosevelt’s nomination of MacLeish was a controversial and highly political maneuver fraught with several challenges
30.
Adlai Stevenson II
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Adlai Ewing Stevenson II was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat, noted for his intellectual demeanor, eloquent public speaking, and promotion of progressive causes in the Democratic Party. He also served on the committee created the United Nations. He was the 31st Governor of Illinois from 1949 to 1953, Stevenson was defeated in a landslide by Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower in the 1952 presidential election. In 1956 he was again the Democratic presidential nominee against Eisenhower and he sought the Democratic presidential nomination for a third time at the 1960 Democratic National Convention, but was defeated by Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts. After his election, President Kennedy appointed Stevenson as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations and he served from 1961 to 1965. He died on July 14,1965, from failure in London. Following public memorial services in New York City, Washington, DC, the prominent historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. who served as one of his speechwriters, wrote that Stevenson was a great creative figure in American politics. He turned the Democratic Party around in the fifties and made JFK possible. to the United States and the world he was the voice of a reasonable, civilized, and elevated America. He brought a new generation into politics, and moved millions of people in the United States, journalist David Halberstam wrote that Stevensons gift to the nation was his language, elegant and well-crafted, thoughtful and calming. W. Willard Wirtz, his friend and law partner, once said If the Electoral College ever gives an honorary degree, Stevenson was born in Los Angeles, California, in a neighborhood now designated as the North University Park Historic District. His home and birthplace at 2639 Monmouth Avenue has been designated as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument and he was a member of a prominent Illinois political family. His grandfather Adlai Stevenson I was Vice President of the United States under President Grover Cleveland from 1893 to 1897. A maternal great-grandfather, Jesse W. Fell, had been a friend and campaign manager for Abraham Lincoln in his 1858 US Senate race. Stevensons eldest son, Adlai E. Stevenson III, became a U. S and his mother was Helen Davis Stevenson, and he had an older sister, Elizabeth Stevenson Ives, an author who was called Buffie. Actor McLean Stevenson was a cousin once removed. He was the nephew by marriage of novelist Mary Borden, Stevenson was raised in the city of Bloomington, Illinois, his family was a member of Bloomingtons upper class and lived in one of the citys well-to-do neighborhoods. Stevenson was devastated by the accident and rarely referred to it as an adult, however, in 1955 Stevenson heard about a woman whose son had experienced a similar tragedy. He wrote to her that she should tell her son that he must live for two, which Stevensons friends took to be a reference to the shooting incident
31.
Dutch people
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The Dutch, occasionally referred to as Netherlanders—a term that is cognate to the Dutch word for Dutch people, Nederlanders—are a Germanic ethnic group native to the Netherlands. They share a culture and speak the Dutch language. The high degree of urbanization characteristic of Dutch society was attained at an early date. During the Republic the first series of large scale Dutch migrations outside of Europe took place, despite the small size of the Netherlands, the Dutch left behind a legacy in excess of their mere numbers. The traditional art and culture of the Dutch encompasses various forms of music, dances, architectural styles and clothing. Internationally, Dutch painters such as Rembrandt, Vermeer and Van Gogh are held in high regard, the dominant religion of the Dutch is Christianity, although in modern times the majority is no longer religious. Significant percentages of the Dutch are adherents of humanism, agnosticism, atheism or individual spirituality, as with all ethnic groups the ethnogenesis of the Dutch has been a lengthy and complex process. The text below hence focuses on the history of the Dutch ethnic group, for Dutch national history, for Dutch colonial history, see the article on the Dutch Empire. Following the end of the period in the West around 500, with large federations settling the decaying Roman Empire. In the Low Countries, this began when the Franks, themselves a union of multiple smaller tribes. Eventually, in 358, the Salian Franks, one of the three main subdivisions among the Frankish alliance settled the areas Southern lands as foederati, Roman allies in charge of border defense. On a political level, the Frankish warlords abandoned tribalism and founded a number of kingdoms, however, the population make-up of the Frankish Empire, or even early Frankish kingdoms such as Neustria and Austrasia, was not dominated by Franks. Though the Frankish leaders controlled most of Western Europe, the Franks themselves were confined to the Northwestern part of the Empire, the current Dutch-French language border has remained virtually identical ever since, and could be seen as marking the furthest pale of gallicization among the Franks. The medieval cities of the Low Countries, which experienced major growth during the 11th and 12th century, were instrumental in breaking down the already relatively loose local form of feudalism, as they became increasingly powerful, they used their economical strength to influence the politics of their nobility. While the cities were of political importance, they also formed catalysts for medieval Dutch culture. The various city guilds as well as the necessity of water boards in the Dutch delta and it is also around this time, that ethnonyms such as Diets and Nederlands emerge. This process marked a new episode in the development of the Dutch ethnic group, as now political unity started to emerge, consolidating the strengthened cultural, despite their linguistic and cultural unity, and economic similarities, there was still little sense of political unity among the Dutch people. However, the centralist policies of Burgundy in the 14th and 15th centuries, at first violently opposed by the cities of the Low Countries, had a profound impact and changed this
32.
Scottish people
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The Scottish people, or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland in the 9th century, and are thought to have been ethnolinguistically Celts. Later, the neighbouring Cumbrian Britons, who spoke a Celtic language, as well as Germanic-speaking Anglo-Saxons. In modern usage, Scottish people or Scots is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, the Latin word Scotti, originally the word referred specifically to the Gaels, but came to describe all inhabitants of Scotland. Considered archaic or pejorative, the term Scotch has also used for Scottish people. John Kenneth Galbraith in his book The Scotch documents the descendants of 19th-century Scottish pioneers who settled in Southwestern Ontario and he states the book was meant to give a true picture of life in the community in the early decades of the 20th century. People of Scottish descent live in countries other than Scotland. Scottish emigrants took with them their Scottish languages and culture, large populations of Scottish people settled the new-world lands of North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. Canada has the highest level of Scottish descendants per capita in the world, Scotland has seen migration and settlement of many peoples at different periods in its history. The Gaels, the Picts and the Britons have their origin myths. The Venerable Bede tells of the Scotti coming from Spain via Ireland, Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxons, arrived beginning in the 7th century, while the Norse invaded and colonized parts of Scotland from the 8th century onwards. In the High Middle Ages, from the reign of David I of Scotland, there was emigration from France, England. Some famous Scottish family names, including bearing the names which became Bruce, Balliol, Murray. Today Scotland is one of the countries of the United Kingdom, culturally, these peoples are grouped according to language. Most of Scotland until the 13th century spoke Celtic languages and these included, at least initially, the Britons, as well as the Gaels and the Picts. Germanic peoples included the Angles of Northumbria, who settled in south-eastern Scotland in the region between the Firth of Forth to the north and the River Tweed to the south. They also occupied the south-west of Scotland up to and including the Plain of Kyle and their language, south-east of the Firth of Forth, then in Lothian and the Borders, a northern variety of Old English, also known as Early Scots, was spoken. The Northern Isles and some parts of Caithness were Norn-speaking, from 1500 on, Scotland was commonly divided by language into two groups of people, Gaelic-speaking Highlanders and the Inglis-speaking Lowlanders
33.
Waiting for Godot
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Waiting for Godot is Becketts translation of his own original French play, En attendant Godot, and is subtitled a tragicomedy in two acts. The original French text was composed between 9 October 1948 and 29 January 1949, the premiere was on 5 January 1953 in the Théâtre de Babylone, Paris. The English language version was premiered in London in 1955, in a poll conducted by the British Royal National Theatre in 1990 it was voted the “most significant English language play of the 20th century”. Vladimir takes up the thought loftily, while Estragon vaguely recalls having been beaten the night before, finally, his boots come off, while the pair ramble and bicker pointlessly. When Estragon suddenly decides to leave, Vladimir reminds him that they must stay, unfortunately, the pair cannot agree on where or when they are expected to meet with this Godot. They only know to wait at a tree, and there is indeed a leafless one nearby, eventually, Estragon dozes off and Vladimir rouses him but then stops him before he can share his dreams—another recurring activity between the two men. Estragon wants to hear an old joke, which Vladimir cannot finish without going off to urinate, since every time he starts laughing, upon Vladimirs return, the increasingly jaded Estragon suggests that they hang themselves, but they abandon the idea when the logistics seem ineffective. They then speculate on the rewards of continuing to wait for Godot. When Estragon declares his hunger, Vladimir provides a carrot, at which Estragon idly gnaws, Pozzo barks abusive orders at Lucky, which are always quietly followed, while acting civilly though tersely towards the other two. Pozzo enjoys a snack of chicken and wine, before casting the bones to the ground. Having been in a state of silence ever since the arrival of Pozzo and Lucky. Pozzo ignores this and explains his intention to sell Lucky, who begins to cry, Estragon takes pity and tries to wipe away Luckys tears, but, as he approaches, Lucky violently kicks him in the shin. Pozzo then rambles nostalgically but vaguely about his relationship with Lucky over the years, before offering Vladimir, Estragon begins to beg for money when Pozzo instead suggests that Lucky can dance and think for their entertainment. Luckys dance, the Net, is clumsy and shuffling, Luckys thinking is a long-winded and disjointed monologue—it is the first, Pozzo then has Lucky pack up his bags, and they hastily leave. Vladimir and Estragon, alone again, reflect on whether they met Pozzo, a boy then arrives, purporting to be a messenger sent from Godot to tell the pair that Godot will not be coming that evening but surely tomorrow. During Vladimirs interrogation of the boy, he asks if he came the day before, after the boy departs, the moon appears and the two men verbally agree to leave and find shelter for the night, but they merely stand without moving. It is daytime again and Vladimir begins singing a round about the death of a dog. Again, Estragon claims to have been beaten last night, despite no apparent injury, Vladimir comments that the formerly bare tree now has leaves and tries to confirm his recollections of yesterday against Estragons extremely vague, unreliable memory
34.
2013 Cannes Film Festival
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The 66th annual Cannes Film Festival took place in Cannes, France, from 15 to 26 May 2013. Steven Spielberg was the head of the jury for the main competition, new Zealand film director Jane Campion was the head of the jury for the Cinéfondation and Short Film sections. French actress Audrey Tautou hosted the opening and closing ceremonies, Actress Kim Novak was named guest of honour and introduced a new restored version of Alfred Hitchcocks Vertigo. The festival opened with The Great Gatsby, directed by Baz Luhrmann and closed with Zulu, the film poster for the festival featured Paul Newman and his wife Joanne Woodward. The Bling Ring, directed by Sofia Coppola, opened the Un Certain Regard section, the French film Blue Is the Warmest Colour won the Palme dOr. In an unprecedented move, along with the director, the Jury decided to take the step of awarding the films two main actresses, Adèle Exarchopoulos and Léa Seydoux, with the Palme dOr. On the occasion of 100 Years of Indian Cinema, India was the Official Guest Country at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, seven Indian feature films were premiered among various sections on the festival. Actress Vidya Balan was one of the official Jury of the festival, the first Incredible India Exhibition, a joint participation of the Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Republic of India was inaugurated by Indian delegate Chiranjeevi. The Cinéfondation section focuses on films made by students at film schools, the following 18 entries were selected, out of 1,550 submissions from 277 different schools. One-third of the films selected represented schools competing for the first time and it was also the first time for a Chilean film to be selected in Cinéfondation. The line-up for the Directors Fortnight was announced at a conference on 23 April with the following films being selected. Feature films The line-up for the International Critics’ Week was announced on 22 April at the sections website, in a first for the competition, the jury decided to award the Palme dOr to Kechiche and the actresses who star in the film, Adèle Exarchopoulos and Léa Seydoux. Blue Is the Warmest Colour is a film that tells the story of a lesbian relationship between a 15-year-old girl and an older woman. It has shocked critics with its graphic and controversial sex scenes. A reporter for the Radio France Internationale stated that Kechiche paid tribute to the Tunisian revolution, the Grand Prix was won by the Coen brotherss Inside Llewyn Davis, while Bruce Dern and Bérénice Bejo were awarded Best Actor and Best Actress respectively
35.
Wild River (film)
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Not to be confused with The River Wild. Wild River is a 1960 American drama film directed by Elia Kazan and it marked Bruce Derns film debut. In 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. He has the responsibility for supervising the clearing of land to be flooded but must first acquire Garth Island on the Tennessee River, the clearing of the land for the coming lake is also proceeding behind schedule because the local mayor, the towns barber, uses only white labor. Chuck crosses the ferry to Garth Island but Ella and the other Garth women, including Ellas granddaughter Carol Baldwin, refuse to listen to him. He tries to reason with Ellas three grown sons, Hamilton, Cal, and Joe John, but being relocated means working for a living, Joe John tosses Chuck into the river. Hamilton comes to Chucks room soon after to invite him to the island for a formal apology, Chuck arrives the next day to find Ella castigating President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal to her black farm hands and their families. To make her point to Chuck, she feigns attempting to compel Sam Johnson, Chuck tries to reason with Ella, passionately laying out the benefits the dam will bring, but Ella denounces all dams and the taming of the river as going against nature. When he asks Ella whats going to happen to her, she takes him to the cemetery plot on the highest point of the island. There he learns from Carol that she is a widow with two children who moved back to the island when her husband died three years before. She is also expected to marry Walter Clark, a businessman in town and she walks Chuck back to the ferry where the anxious field hands are also waiting. Chuck invites them to come to his office to discuss working for the TVA, reasoning that when they leave the island, on an impulse, Carol invites Chuck to see her former home above the landing on the opposite shore. Her loneliness and attraction to Chuck combine to make her beg him to spend the night with her there, the next morning, saying goodbye, it is apparent to both that they are falling in love. Back in town Chuck apprises the mayor, who is sympathetic, of his plan but is warned that hiring colored labor will cause the workers to quit. Carol and Chuck are confused by their passion for each other but spend another night together again at her house, the next morning Ellas workers and their families pack up and leave, and Ella remains alone except for Sam, who loyally refuses to go. Ella knows what Carol and Chuck have done and when Carol begs her grandmother to join her at her own house, the less responsible element is led by R. J. Bailey, a bully who farms cotton using black workers who are leaving him to work for the TVA, Bailey demands to be compensated by the government for a worker who quit and when Chuck refuses, literally shakes him down for the money. Bailey gives it to Walter to purchase some moonshine for Chuck to console himself with, the two men get drunk together and go out to the island to talk with Ella, to whom Chuck admits his understanding of her fight to protect her dignity
36.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE was an English film director and producer, at times referred to as The Master of Suspense. He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres and he had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as Englands best director. Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939, and became a US citizen in 1955 and he also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style. Hitchcocks stylistic trademarks include the use of movement that mimics a persons gaze. In addition, he framed shots to maximise anxiety, fear, or empathy and his work often features fugitives on the run alongside icy blonde female characters. Prior to 1980, there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film, Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours. Hitchcock directed more than fifty films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history. His flair was for narrative, cruelly withholding crucial information and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else, Hitchcocks first thriller, The Lodger, A Story of the London Fog, helped shape the thriller genre in film. His 1929 film, Blackmail, is cited as the first British sound feature film, while Rear Window, Vertigo, North by Northwest. Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in Leytonstone and he was the second son and the youngest of three children of William Hitchcock, a greengrocer and poulterer, and Emma Jane Hitchcock. He was named after his fathers brother, Hitchcock was raised as a Roman Catholic, and sent to Salesian College, Battersea, and the Jesuit grammar school St Ignatius College in Stamford Hill, London. His parents were both of half-English and half-Irish ancestry and he often described a lonely and sheltered childhood that was worsened by his obesity. Around age five, Hitchcock recalled that to him for behaving badly. This incident implanted a lifelong fear of policemen in Hitchcock, and such harsh treatment, sources vary on Hitchcocks performance in school. Gene Adair reports that by most accounts, Alfred was only an average, or slightly above-average, however, McGilligan writes that Hitchcock certainly excelled academically. When Hitchcock was 15, his father died, in that same year, he left St. Ignatius to study at the London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar, London. After leaving, he became a draftsman and advertising designer with a company called Henleys. Hitchcock joined a regiment of the Royal Engineers in 1917
37.
Marnie (film)
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Marnie is a 1964 American psychological thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The screenplay by Jay Presson Allen was based on the 1961 novel of the name by Winston Graham. The film stars Tippi Hedren and Sean Connery, the music was composed by Bernard Herrmann, his last of seven critically acclaimed film scores for Hitchcock. Marnie also marked the end of Hitchcocks collaborations with cinematographer Robert Burks, margaret Marnie Edgar steals $10,000 from her employers company safe and flees. She had used her charms on Sidney Strutt, a tax consultant, though Bernice seems to care more for a young neighbor named Jessie than she ever did to her own daughter, Marnie shows love for her and gives her money. When Mark Rutland, a widower who owns a publishing company in Philadelphia, sees Strutt on business. He recalls Marnie from a previous visit, unaware of this, Marnie applies for a job at Marks company, intrigued, he hires her as a typist, and they see each other socially. When Marnie has an attack during a thunderstorm, he hugs her. Marnie also has bad dreams and a phobia of the color red, Marnie repeats her crime at Mark’s company, stealing a large sum of money and fleeing. Mark tracks her down at the stable where she keeps Forio. Shockingly, he blackmails her into marrying him and they marry, much to the chagrin of Marks former sister-in-law, Lil, who has had an eye on him ever since her sisters death. Lil learns that he is spending extravagantly on Marnie and becomes suspicious, on her honeymoon cruise, Marnie admits to Mark that she cannot stand to be touched by a man. Mark begins by respecting her wishes, but later, after days of frustration, the next morning, she attempts suicide by drowning herself in the ships pool, but Mark manages to save her in time. Upon their return home, Mark discovers that Marnies mother is still alive, meanwhile, Lil overhears that Mark has paid off Strutt on Marnies behalf, so she mischievously invites Strutt to a party at Marks house. There, a furious Strutt recognizes Marnie, but does not expose her after Mark threatens to take his business elsewhere, when Marnie later admits to additional robberies, Mark offers to pay back all her victims to keep the police away. Invited to ride in a fox hunt, Marnie enjoys herself, when another rider wearing a traditional scarlet coat comes into view, her phobia kicks in and she bolts on her horse Forio. After a wild gallop, the falls and suffers a catastrophic injury. Crazed with grief, Marnie goes to Marks office to rob his safe again, Mark surprises her and eggs her on to take the money, but still she cannot
38.
Clint Eastwood
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Clinton Clint Eastwood Jr. is an American actor, filmmaker, musician, and political figure. These roles, among others, have made Eastwood an enduring icon of masculinity. For his work in the Western film Unforgiven and the sports drama Million Dollar Baby, Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture, as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor. Eastwoods greatest commercial successes have been the adventure comedy Every Which Way But Loose and its sequel, the war drama biopic American Sniper set box office records for the largest January release ever and was also the largest opening ever for an Eastwood film. Eastwood received considerable praise in France for several films, including some that were not well received in the United States. Eastwood has been awarded two of Frances highest honors, in 1994 he became a recipient of the Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, in 2000, Eastwood was awarded the Italian Venice Film Festival Golden Lion for lifetime achievement. Since 1967, Eastwood has run his own company, Malpaso. Starting in 1986, Eastwood served for two years as Mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, a non-partisan office, Eastwood was born Clinton Eastwood Jr. May 31,1930, in San Francisco, California, the son of Clinton Eastwood Sr. and he has one younger sister, Jeanne Bernhardt. Eastwood is of English, Irish, Scottish, and Dutch ancestry and he is descended from Mayflower passenger William Bradford, and through this line is the 12th generation of his family born in North America and the 13th generation to live in North America. His family moved often as his father worked at jobs along the West Coast, settled in Piedmont, California, the Eastwoods lived in a very wealthy part of town, had a swimming pool, belonged to the country club, and each parent drove their own car. Clint attended Piedmont Junior High School, shortly before he was to enter Piedmont High School, he rode his bike on the schools sports field and tore up the wet turf, this resulted in his being asked not to enroll. Clint graduated from the airplane shop, I think that was his major, joked classmate Don Kincaid. Another high school friend, Don Loomis, echoed I dont think he was spending much time at school because he was having a pretty good time elsewhere. I think what happened is he just went off and started having a good time, I just dont think he finished high school, explained Fritz Manes, a boyhood friend two years younger than Eastwood, who remained associated with him until their falling out in the mid-1980s. Biographer Patrick McGilligan notes that high school records are a matter of strict legal confidentiality. Eastwood worked at a number of jobs, including lifeguard, paper carrier, grocery clerk, forest firefighter, Eastwood has said that he tried to enroll at Seattle University but was then drafted into the United States Army during the Korean War. He always dropped the Korean War reference, hoping everyone would conclude that he was in combat, actually, hed been a lifeguard at Fort Ord in northern California for his entire stint in the military, commented Eastwoods former longtime companion, Sondra Locke
39.
Hang 'Em High
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Hang Em High is a 1968 American revisionist Western film directed by Ted Post and produced and co-written by Leonard Freeman. S. Hang Em High was the first production of the Malpaso Company, the film also depicts the dangers of serving as a U. S. marshal during that period, as many federal marshals were killed while serving under Parker. The fictional Fort Grant, base for operations for that district judge seat, is also a mirror of the factual Fort Smith, Arkansas, the story is set in Oklahoma Territory in 1889. It opens with Jed Cooper driving a herd of cattle across a stream. When the men in a composed of Capt. Cooper explains that he knew nothing about the murder. After Reno takes Coopers saddle and Miller takes his wallet, the men hang him from a tree and ride away, federal Marshal Dave Bliss sees Cooper and cuts him down while he is still alive. Bliss puts him in irons and takes him to Fort Grant, where the territorial judge Adam Fenton, determines that Cooper is innocent, sets him free and he then shows Cooper the man who is responsible for the crimes he was accused of committing by the posse. The man, McCloud, is hanged for murder and rustling as Judge Fenton, as an alternative to vigilantism, Fenton offers Cooper, a former lawman, the badge of a deputy U. S. marshal. Cooper accepts the post, and Fenton warns him not to kill the men who lynched him, during his first assignment as a marshal, Cooper sees his saddle on a horse in front of a small-town saloon. He finds Reno inside and tries to arrest him, but Reno goes for his gun, when word of this becomes public, Jenkins turns himself in and provides the names of the rest of the hanging posse. Cooper finds Stone, the blacksmith in the town of Red Creek, arrests him, most of the men Cooper seeks are respected members of the community, but Calhoun honors Coopers warrants for their arrest. On their way to Wilsons ranch to make the arrests, Cooper and Calhoun encounter an impromptu posse pursuing the perpetrators of another rustling, Cooper and this posse catch the rustlers, who turn out to be Miller and two teenaged brothers, Ben and Billy Joe. Cooper takes them to Fort Grant single-handedly after refusing to let the posse lynch them, on the way, Ben and Billy Joe insist that Miller was the murderer. Miller catches Cooper off guard and attacks him, but Cooper overpowers, Fenton sentences all three rustlers to be hanged, despite Coopers defense of the teenagers. Fenton insists that the public will resort to lynching if they see rustlers going unpunished, some time later, Sheriff Calhoun arrives at Fort Grant and pays Cooper for his cattle. He is trying to bribe Cooper into ignoring the rest of the men who lynched him, Cooper accepts the money but makes it clear that while we are even, money-wise, he will bring the attempted murderers to justice. Wilson realizes, All right, now that makes three mistakes weve made, the money, we hung an innocent man, and we didnt finish the job. We cant undo the first two, but we can still finish the job
40.
Support Your Local Sheriff!
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Support Your Local Sheriff. is a 1969 American Technicolor comedy western film distributed by United Artists, directed by Burt Kennedy, produced by William Bowers and Bill Finnegan. The film stars James Garner, Joan Hackett, Walter Brennan, Harry Morgan, Jack Elam, parodies the often-filmed scenario of the iconoclastic western hero who tames a lawless frontier town. Its title was derived from a popular 1960s campaign slogan Support Your Local Police, the Old West town of Calendar, Colorado, springs up almost overnight when clumsy, hotheaded Prudy Perkins discovers gold in a freshly dug grave during a funeral. Her father Olly becomes mayor of the new settlement, most people are too busy digging to take time out to be sheriff, and those who are willing to put down their shovels quickly die. This changes with the arrival of Jason McCullough, a calm, while in the town saloon, he sees young Joe Danby gun down a man. Needing money after discovering the towns rate of inflation, McCullough demonstrates his uncanny firearms ability to the mayor and town council. He breaks up a brawl and while at the Perkins house meets Prudy under circumstances that are mortifying for her. McCullough arrests Joe and tosses him in the towns unfinished jail, McCullough keeps the dimwitted Joe imprisoned through the use of a chalk line, some dribbles of red paint, and applied psychology. McCullough acquires a reluctant deputy in scruffy Jake, previously known as the town character, the arrest of Joe Danby ignites the wrath of the patriarch of the Danby family. While the rest of the town quiets down under McCulloughs reign, none of them work, so he brings in a string of hired guns, who are equally unsuccessful. Meanwhile, Prudy spars romantically with McCullough, McCullough and Jake go on a search for gold. Bars are finally installed in the jail, with the assistance of the aforementioned Joe. Pa Danby summons a host of his relatives to launch an all-out assault, the rest of the townsfolk announce their disapproval of his new plan, and officially vote not to help in any way. Thus, the Danby clan rides in faced only by McCullough, Jake, after a lengthy gunfight, McCullough bluffs his way to victory using Joe as a hostage and the old cannon mounted in the center of town. As all the Danbys are marched off to jail, the supposedly unloaded cannon fires, smashing the town brothel and scattering the resident prostitutes, Sheriff McCullough and Prudy get engaged. Support Your Local Sheriff. was the first producing effort by Garner and his Cherokee production company, eventually, Garner was able to show where the original screenplay had found its source material, and the lawsuit went away. Support Your Local Sheriff was considered a bomb as it did not do any business in its first week, Garner challenged them to match a $10,000 stake to keep the film in one theatre for a week. The result was impressive as word of mouth increased atttendance until there were crowds around the theatre by the end of the engagement, Support Your Local Sheriff was the 20th most popular film at the U. S. box office in 1969
41.
John Wayne
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Marion Mitchell Morrison, known professionally as John Wayne and nicknamed Duke, was an American actor and filmmaker. An Academy Award-winner for True Grit, Wayne was among the top box office draws for three decades, born in Winterset, Iowa, Wayne grew up in Southern California. He found work at film studios when he lost his football scholarship to the University of Southern California as a result of a bodysurfing accident. Initially working for the Fox Film Corporation, he appeared mostly in bit parts. His first leading role came in Raoul Walshs The Big Trail, Waynes career took off in 1939, with John Fords Stagecoach making him an instant star. He went on to star in 142 pictures, biographer Ronald Davis said, John Wayne personified for millions the nations frontier heritage. Eighty-three of his movies were Westerns, and in them he played cowboys, cavalrymen and he is also remembered for his roles in The Quiet Man, Rio Bravo, and The Longest Day. In his final performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in The Shootist. He appeared with many important Hollywood stars of his era, Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison on May 26,1907 at 224 South Second Street in Winterset, Iowa. The local paper, Winterset Madisonian, reported on page 4 of the edition of May 30,1907 that Wayne weighed 13 pounds at birth and his middle name was soon changed from Robert to Mitchell when his parents decided to name their next son Robert. Waynes father, Clyde Leonard Morrison, was the son of American Civil War veteran Marion Mitchell Morrison, Waynes mother, the former Mary Molly Alberta Brown, was from Lancaster County, Nebraska. Waynes ancestry included English, Irish, Scots-Irish, and Scottish, Waynes family moved to Palmdale, California, and then in 1916 to Glendale, California, where his father worked as a pharmacist. A local fireman at the station on his route to school in Glendale started calling him Little Duke because he never went anywhere without his huge Airedale Terrier and he preferred Duke to Marion, and the nickname stuck. Wayne attended Wilson Middle School in Glendale, as a teen, he worked in an ice cream shop for a man who shod horses for Hollywood studios. He was also active as a member of the Order of DeMolay and he played football for the 1924 league champion Glendale High School team. Wayne applied to the U. S. Naval Academy, and he instead attended the University of Southern California, majoring in pre-law. He was a member of the Trojan Knights and Sigma Chi fraternities, Wayne also played on the USC football team under coach Howard Jones. A broken collarbone injury curtailed his career, Wayne later noted that he was too terrified of Jones reaction to reveal the actual cause of his injury
42.
Goodyear Blimp
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The Goodyear Blimp is any one of a fleet of airships operated by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, used mainly for advertising and capturing aerial views of live sporting events for television. The term blimp itself is defined as a non-rigid airship – without any internal structure, from the launch of the Pilgrim in 1925 to the decommissioning of the Spirit of Innovation in 2017, Goodyear generally owned and operated non-rigid airships in its global public relations fleet. In 2014, however, Goodyear began a process of replacing its three U. S. non-rigid airships with three new semi-rigid airships, each of which will have an internal frame. Although technically incorrect, Goodyear has planned to use blimp in reference to these new semi-rigid models, Wingfoot One, the first such model in Goodyears U. S. fleet, was christened on August 23,2014, near the companys world headquarters in Akron, Ohio. There are currently two airships in Goodyears U. S, Goodyear relocated America to Akron for cost cutting measures. The Houston blimps wintered in Houston and spent the summer traveling North America, all two craft are outfitted with LED sign technology Goodyear calls Eaglevision. This allows the aircraft to display bright, multi-colored, animated words, Goodyear also has blimps operating in other parts of the world. These airships are built and operated by Van Wagner of Orlando, in May 2011, Goodyear announced it will be replacing its fleet of non-rigid airships with three semi-rigid airships built by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin. The new airships are 246 feet long,52 feet longer than Goodyears old model, the Zeppelin NT model is also slimmer, has a top speed of 70 miles per hour, and has a passenger gondola that seats 12. The gondola even has a bathroom, the blimps are filled with helium. The helium is maintained under low pressure, so small punctures do not pose serious consequences for the blimp, One inspection element of the blimps is to look into the envelope for pinpoints of light which are indicative of small holes. The Goodyear blimps were non-rigid dirigibles, inside their exterior envelope, the Goodyear blimps are fitted with air–filled ballonets. As the blimp ascends or descends, the internal ballonets expand or contract to compensate for density changes and to maintain uniform pressure in the envelope. The latest craft, a Zeppelin NT is a departure from this tradition, GZ stands for Goodyear-Zeppelin, stemming from the partnership Goodyear had with the German company when both were building airships together. However these models came many years after this partnership had dissolved during the start of World War II, the GZ-1 was the USS Akron, the U. S. Navys fourth rigid airship used for several tests including as a flying aircraft carrier. GZ-19, Introduced in 1963 and discontinued in 1978 after the Mayflower was destroyed by a tornado, the design for this class resembles the U. S. Navys L class blimp. GZ-20, This class was introduced in 1969, with America, the Europa followed in 1972 and was based in Italy, the first Goodyear blimp operated outside of the United States. These blimps are slightly longer than the GZ-19, beginning in 2014, Goodyear began retiring the GZ-20 and replacing them with the Zeppelin NT
43.
Super Bowl
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The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National Football League. The game is the culmination to a season that begins in the late summer of the previous calendar year. Normally, Roman numerals are used to each game, rather than the year in which it is held. For example, Super Bowl I was played on January 15,1967, the single exception to this rule is Super Bowl 50, which was played on February 7,2016, following the 2015 regular season. The next game, Super Bowl LII, scheduled for February 4,2018, the game was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then-rival league, the American Football League. It was agreed that the two champion teams would play in the AFL–NFL World Championship Game until the merger was to officially begin in 1970. After the merger, each league was redesignated as a conference, currently, the National Football Conference leads the league with 26 wins to 25 wins for the American Football Conference. The Pittsburgh Steelers have the most Super Bowl championship titles, with six, the New England Patriots have the most Super Bowl appearances, with nine. The day on which the Super Bowl is played, now considered by some as an unofficial American national holiday, is called Super Bowl Sunday and it is the second-largest day for U. S. food consumption, after Thanksgiving Day. In addition, the Super Bowl has frequently been the most-watched American television broadcast of the year, in 2015, Super Bowl XLIX became the most-watched American television program in history with an average audience of 114. The NFL restricts the use of its Super Bowl trademark, it is called the Big Game or other generic terms by non-sponsoring corporations. As a result, watching and discussing the broadcasts commercials has become a significant aspect of the event, for four decades after its 1920 inception, the NFL successfully fended off several rival leagues. However, in 1960, it encountered its most serious competitor when the American Football League was formed. The AFL vied heavily with the NFL for both players and fans, but by the middle of the decade the strain of competition led to merger talks between the two leagues. Prior to the 1966 season, the NFL and AFL reached an agreement that was to take effect for the 1970 season. As part of the merger, the champions of the two agreed to meet in a world championship game for professional American football until the merger was effected. A bowl game is a college football game. Exploiting the Rose Bowl Games popularity, post-season college football contests were created for Miami, New Orleans, and El Paso, Texas in 1935, by the time the first Super Bowl was played, the term bowl for any major American football game was well established
44.
33rd Berlin International Film Festival
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The 33rd annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 18 February to 3 March 1983. The festival opened with out of film, Tootsie by Sydney Pollack. The Golden Bear was awarded to the British film Ascendancy directed by Edward Bennett, six Actors from Germany was shown at the festival. The following people were announced as being on the jury for the festival, Jeanne Moreau Alex Bänninger Franco Brusati Elem Klimov Ursula Ludwig Kurt Maetzig Joseph L
45.
That Championship Season (1982 film)
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That Championship Season is Jason Millers 1982 film version of his 1973 Pulitzer Prize winning Broadway play of the same name. It stars Robert Mitchum, Martin Sheen, Bruce Dern, Stacy Keach and Paul Sorvino and was filmed on location in Scranton, in 1999, Sorvino directed an adaptation of the play for Showtime in which he played Mitchums role as the coach. This version co-starred Vincent DOnofrio, Gary Sinise, Tony Shalhoub and it has been 25 years since the 1957 Fillmore High School basketball team won the Pennsylvania state championship. The coach and four of the victors regularly gather to relive the glory of their shining moment, as teenage teammates they could read each others moves on the court without fail. As middle-aged men, each is facing his own different mid-life crisis, with a former coach that still addresses problems as if his boys are having a bad game, the friends longtime loyalty to one another begins to unravel. George Sitkowski is mayor of Scranton and engaged in a campaign for re-election. James Daley is an overwrought and underpaid school principal while his brother, phil Romano is the wealthiest among them. He often bends the law and even betrays a friend to indulge his own needs, the intended celebratory nature of this reunion is quickly dissipated. Various contentions arise among the four old teammates, who turn on one another. The coachs bigotry—then and now—and his selfish disregard for fair play are brought again to the surface, the absence of the teams star player, who hates the coach, serves to further spotlight the futility and hollowness of this gathering. After critical acclaim and 144 performances, it moved to a Broadway theater for a run of 844 more performances before closing on April 21,1974, for years Miller attempted to bring the play to the big screen before succeeding in 1982. As writer and director, he insisted on filming the exteriors in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Miller was raised and educated there and his intent was to showcase the city and its people. The first quarter of the film does just that as the characters, locations used included Nay Aug Park, the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad headquarters, the Martz Trailways terminal, Lackawanna Avenue, the city council chambers and more. The score by composer Bill Conti was supplemented by the West Scranton High School Band, William Friedkin was originally going to direct the movie. Before he dropped out, Friedkin offered the part of Coach Delaney to William Holden, Holden was interested but died before he could accept the part. The stars and director were paid $250,000 each plus a percentage of the profits, the film did a great deal to help the reputation of the fledgling Cannon Films, who financed the movie. Bruce Dern won the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival, however, the film was not a hit at the box office, and it lost money. In 2004, the film was released on DVD by MGM Home Entertainment and that Championship Season at the Internet Movie Database That Championship Season at the Internet Movie Database That Championship Season at the Internet Broadway Database
46.
Alexander Payne
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Alexander Payne is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer, known for the films Citizen Ruth, Election, About Schmidt, Sideways, The Descendants, and Nebraska. His films are noted for their humor and satirical depictions of contemporary American society. Payne is a winner of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Payne was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of Peggy and George Payne, Payne is the youngest of three sons and grew up in what is now known as the Dundee-Happy Hollow Historic District, the same neighborhood as billionaire Warren Buffett. His father is of Greek and German descent, and his mother is of Greek ancestry and his paternal grandfather, Nicholas Nick Payne, anglicized the last name from Papadopoulos. His family comes from three areas in Greece, the island of Syros, Livadia, and Aegio, Paynes family was part of the fabric of Omaha, which he references as part of his upbringing. His grandfather was a founder of The Virginia Cafe, with Paynes father taking over the restaurant, Payne went there regularly as a child. The restaurant was destroyed in a fire in 1969, the W. Dale Clark Library is now located on the site, Paynes paternal grandmother, Clara Payne, was from a German Nebraska family from Lincoln, Nebraska. In Omaha, Payne attended Brownell-Talbot School, Dundee Elementary School and he graduated from Creighton Prep for high school in 1979. At Prep, Payne wrote a column for his high school newspaper and was the editor of the high school yearbook. Payne then attended Stanford University, where he majored in Spanish. Payne got his MFA in 1990 from the UCLA Film School, in the 1960s, Paynes father received a Super 8mm projector from Kraft Foods as a loyalty reward, and eventually passed it on to his son when Alexander was about 14 years old. The ensuing screenplay, which was turned down, would ultimately become About Schmidt and he says that he cleared about $60,000, which was enough to fund his simple lifestyle at the time for about five years. Payne sees his talent as being one of learned economy and he refers to the essay written by Tennessee Williams on The Catastrophe of Success. Payne worked in various capacities on films and television before he co-wrote and directed his first full-length film, Payne was nominated for an Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay for Election. In 2003 he received a Golden Globe for his screenplay for About Schmidt, to the surprise of many who kept track of Hollywood news, Payne and his writing partner Jim Taylor were not nominated for an Oscar for the About Schmidt screenplay. He won both the Academy Award and Golden Globe in 2005 for Best Adapted Screenplay for Sideways, while the film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. In total, Sideways received five Academy Award nominations, Payne returned to directing in 2011 after a seven-year hiatus with the film The Descendants, starring George Clooney
47.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
