1.
Order of the British Empire
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There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British honours. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards. Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. In particular, King George V wished to create an Order to honour many thousands of those who had served in a variety of non-combatant roles during the First World War, when first established, the Order had only one division. However, in 1918, soon after its foundation, it was divided into Military. The Orders motto is For God and the Empire, at the foundation of the Order, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the British Empire Medal, in addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. The British monarch is Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all members of the Order. The next most senior member is the Grand Master, of whom there have been three, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Mary, and the current Grand Master, the Duke of Edinburgh. The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross,845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the number of members of the fourth and fifth classes. Foreign recipients, as members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Though men can be knighted separately from an order of chivalry, women cannot, and so the rank of Knight/Dame Commander of the Order is the lowest rank of damehood, and second-lowest of knighthood. Because of this, Dame Commander is awarded in circumstances in which a man would be created a Knight Bachelor, for example, by convention, female judges of the High Court of Justice are created Dames Commander after appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor. The Order has six officials, the Prelate, the Dean, the Secretary, the Registrar, the King of Arms, the Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Orders Prelate. The Dean of St Pauls is ex officio the Dean of the Order, the Orders King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. From time to time, individuals are appointed to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters
Order of the British Empire
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Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
Order of the British Empire
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MBE as awarded in 1918
Order of the British Empire
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Close up of an MBE from 1945 showing the "For God and the Empire"
Order of the British Empire
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Lieutenant General Sir
Robert Fulton, KBE
2.
After Dark (TV series)
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After Dark was a British late-night live discussion programme broadcast on Channel 4 television between 1987 and 1997, and on the BBC in 2003. In 2010 the television trade magazine Broadcast wrote After Dark defined the first 10 years of Channel 4, just as Big Brother did for the second. Broadcast live and with no scheduled end time, the series, the programme was hosted by a variety of presenters, and each episode had around half a dozen guests, often including a member of the public. The show ended in 1991 but a number of one-off specials, in 2004 After Dark was characterised as legendary by the Open University and in 2014 as the most uncensorable programme in the history of British television. Sir Jeremy Isaacs, the founding Chief Executive of Channel 4, in it he selects twenty-six programmes, including After Dark, which he describes as follows, Open-ended talk. From Austrias Club 2, it began at midnight and went on till it finished, the aim, discussion between people with burning experience of the subject, e. g. the murderer and the judge. A participant might wait long to utter but in the end his turn came, viewers could fall asleep in front of it, wake up and find the discussion just hotting up. The programme allowed Isaacs to realise one of his longest-held ambitions, when I first started in television at Granada. Sidney Bernstein said to me that the worst words ever uttered on TV were, Im sorry, especially since they were always uttered just as someone was about to say something really interesting. After Dark would only end when its guests had nothing more to say, from late April in 1987, Channel 4 screened a Nighttime strand, a mixture of films and discussion programmes that ran until 3am on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays. Channel 4 launched After Dark as an open ended format broadcast on Friday nights as a piece of programming that would be inexpensive to produce. There was no chair, simply a host, and the took place around a coffee table in a darkened studio. Due to its late-night scheduling the series was dubbed After Closing Time by one critic, the series was made by production company Open Media. The series editor, Sebastian Cody, talking about the programme in an interview in 2003, after Dark is real in the sense that what you see is what you get, which isnt the case with something thats been edited to give the illusion of being real. Other shows wind people up with booze beforehand, then when theyre actually on the programme they give them glasses of water and we give our guests nothing until they arrive on set and then they can drink orange juice, or have a bottle of wine. And we let go to the loo. In 1987, The Times wrote, After Dark, the closest Britain gets to a talk show, is already finding that the more serious the chat. Channel 4s market research executive Sue Clench, says that around three million saw some of After Dark in its first slot
After Dark (TV series)
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"South Africa" 11 June 1988
After Dark (TV series)
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Billy Bragg appearing on After Dark on 12 June 1987
After Dark (TV series)
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Jacques Vergès appearing on After Dark in July 1987
After Dark (TV series)
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'Spider' Wilson appearing on the same programme
3.
Fashion design
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Fashion design is the art of application of design and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and accessories. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social attitudes, and has varied over time, Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing clothing and accessories such as bracelets and necklace. Because of the required to bring a garment onto the market. Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing and they consider who is likely to wear a garment and the situations in which it will be worn. They have a range and combinations of materials to work with. Though most clothing worn for everyday wear falls within a range of conventional styles. Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring, today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and every-day wear are called ready to wear. Fashion designers may work full-time for one house, as in-house designers. They may work alone or as part of a team, freelance designers work for themselves, selling their designs to fashion houses, directly to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. The garments bear the buyers label, some fashion designers set up their own labels, under which their designs are marketed. Some fashion designers are self-employed and design for individual clients, other high-end fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-end fashion department stores. These designers create original garments, as well as those that follow established fashion trends, most fashion designers, however, work for apparel manufacturers, creating designs of mens, womens, and childrens fashions for the mass market. Fashion designers work in different ways, some sketch their ideas on paper, while others drape fabric on a dress form. Finally, a garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an operational outfit. Fashion design is considered to have started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created. Before the former draper set up his maison couture in Paris, clothing design and creation was handled by largely anonymous seamstresses, worths success was such that he was able to dictate to his customers what they should wear, instead of following their lead as earlier dressmakers had done. The term couturier was in fact first created in order to describe him, while all articles of clothing from any time period are studied by academics as costume design, only clothing created after 1858 is considered as fashion design. It was during this period that many design houses began to hire artists to sketch or paint designs for garments, the images were shown to clients, which was much cheaper than producing an actual sample garment in the workroom
Fashion design
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Models posing during a fashion show in 2009
Fashion design
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A
catwalk (or fashion runway) is the popular place for showcasing fashion design, especially at
fashion shows. Catwalk at
Berlin Fashion Week for
Michalsky's StyleNite.
Fashion design
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The
Chéruit salon on
Place Vendôme in Paris, 1910
Fashion design
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Fashion house poster from Budapest
4.
Sienna Miller
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Sienna Rose Diana Miller is a British-American actress, model, and fashion designer. Her film roles include the crime thriller Layer Cake, the comedy Alfie, the biopic Factory Girl, the drama The Edge of Love, in 2014, she starred in two biographical dramas, Foxcatcher, playing Nancy Schultz, and American Sniper, portraying Taya Renae Kyle. Born in New York City, United States, Miller moved to London with her family when she was just over a year old and her mother, Josephine, is a South African-born English former model. Her father, Edwin Miller, is an American banker turned dealer of Chinese art, Miller has a sister, Savannah, and two half-brothers, Charles and Stephen, as well as a step brother, Tanner. Miller attended Heathfield School, Ascot, a school in Ascot, Berkshire. In 2001, she made her film début with South Kensington, with Rupert Everett and Elle Macpherson, in 2004 Miller had a supporting role in the remake Alfie with Jude Law and in Layer Cake. In 2007, Miller had a role in Matthew Vaughns adaptation Stardust and played a starlet to Steve Buscemis reporter in Interview. Later in 2007, she portrayed an undead bride opposite James Franco in Camille and she appeared in the 2009 live-action film adaptation of the comic book and cartoon G. I. Joe, The Rise of Cobra, playing The Baroness and she starred as Patricia in the London production of Flare Path at the Theatre Royal Haymarket in 2011. Then in 2012, she starred in The Girl, an HBO film about the relationship between director Alfred Hitchcock and actress Tippi Hedren, in 2014, Miller appeared in Bennett Millers Foxcatcher and Clint Eastwoods American Sniper playing Taya Renae Kyle. Her 2015 films included High-Rise and Burnt and she will take over the role after Emma Stones scheduled departure from the production on 15 February and will perform for the remaining six weeks of the shows engagement, until 29 March. She was selected to be on the jury for the competition section of the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. She co-starred in Ben Afflecks period crime drama Live by Night, before her professional acting career, Miller worked as a photographic model. She signed with Tandy Anderson of Select Model Management London, and modelled for Coca-Cola, Italian Vogue, and posed topless in the 2003 Pirelli Calendar. Miller has also been associated with the style of fashion that became known as boho chic. Miller signed a contract with Pepe Jeans London, the jeans ad campaign first appeared in magazines March 2006. In February 2009, Hugo Boss Fragrances announced that Miller would be the new ambassador for their womens BOSS Orange womens perfume, in 2006 it was announced that Miller would design a fashion capsule for Pepe Jeans, the project was later expanded to become a complete fashion label. Called Twenty8Twelve, it gets its name from Millers date of birth and is backed by Pepe Jeans
Sienna Miller
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Miller, jury member at the
2015 Cannes Film Festival
Sienna Miller
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Miller at the Military Fashion Show in 2008
5.
Barbra Streisand
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Barbara Joan Barbra Streisand is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and filmmaker. She is among a group of entertainers who have been honored with an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award. Streisand is one of the music artists of all time, with more than 68.5 million albums in the United States. She starred in the critically acclaimed Funny Girl, for which she won the Academy Award, with the release of Yentl in 1983, Streisand became the first woman to write, produce, direct, and star in a major studio film. The film won an Oscar for Best Score and a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Musical, Streisand received the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, the first woman to win that award. The RIAA and Billboard recognize Streisand as holding the record for the most top 10 albums of any recording artist. According to Billboard, Streisand holds the record for the female with the most number one albums, Billboard also recognizes Streisand as the greatest female of all time on its Billboard 200 chart and one of the greatest artists of all time on its Hot 100 chart. Barbara Joan Streisand was born on April 24,1942, in Brooklyn, New York and her mother had been a soprano singer in her youth and considered a career in music, but later became a school secretary. Her father was a school teacher at the same school. Streisands family was Jewish, her grandparents emigrated from Galicia and her maternal grandparents from the Russian Empire. Her father earned a degree from City College of New York in 1928 and was considered athletic. As a student, he spent his summers outdoors, once working as a lifeguard, hed try anything, his sister Molly said. He married Ida in 1930, two years after graduating, and became a respected educator with a focus on helping underprivileged. In August 1943, a few months after Streisands first birthday, her father died suddenly at age 34 from complications from an epileptic seizure, the family fell into near-poverty, with her mother working as a low-paid bookkeeper. As an adult, Streisand remembered those early years as always feeling like an outcast, explaining and her mother tried to pay their bills but could not give her daughter the attention she craved, When I wanted love from my mother, she gave me food, Streisand says. Streisand recalls that her mother had a voice and sang semi-professionally on occasion. During a visit to the Catskills when Streisand was thirteen, she told Rosie ODonnell, she and that session was the first time Streisand ever asserted herself as an artist, which also became her first moment of inspiration as an artist. She has a brother, Sheldon, and a half-sister
Barbra Streisand
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Streisand in 1966
Barbra Streisand
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On
The Ed Sullivan Show in 1969
Barbra Streisand
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Streisand taping her TV Special Barbra Streisand... and other Musical Instruments in 1973
Barbra Streisand
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in
On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (1970)
6.
Catherine Zeta-Jones
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Catherine Zeta-Jones, CBE is a Welsh actress. Born and raised in Swansea, Zeta-Jones aspired to be an actress from a young age, in her early teens, she played roles in the West End productions of the musicals Annie and Bugsy Malone. She studied musical theatre at the Arts Educational Schools, London and her screen debut came in the unsuccessful French-Italian film 1001 Nights, and she went on to find greater success as a regular in the British television series The Darling Buds of May. Dismayed at being typecast as the pretty girl in British films. Zeta-Jones initially established herself in Hollywood with roles that highlighted her sex appeal such as in the action film The Mask of Zorro, critics praised her portrayal of a vengeful pregnant woman in Traffic and a murderous singer in the musical Chicago. The latter won her Academy and BAFTA Awards for Best Supporting Actress, parts in smaller-scale features were followed by a decrease in workload, during which she returned to stage and portrayed an ageing actress in A Little Night Music, winning a Tony Award. Zeta-Jones continued to work intermittently in the 2010s, starring in the psychological thriller Side Effects and she supports various charities and causes, and is a prominent celebrity endorser of brands. Her struggle with depression and bipolar II disorder has been well-documented by the media and she is married to the actor Michael Douglas with whom she has two children. Zeta-Jones was born in Swansea, Wales, on 25 September 1969 to David Jones, the owner of a factory, and his wife Patricia. Her father is Welsh and her mother is of Irish Catholic descent and she was named after her grandmothers, Zeta Jones and Catherine Fair. She has a brother, David, and a younger brother, Lyndon. Zeta-Jones was raised in the area of Mumbles. Because Zeta-Jones was a child, her mother sent her to the Hazel Johnson School of Dance when she was four years old. She was educated at the Dumbarton House School, a school in Swansea. The family came from a modest background, but their fortunes improved when they won £100,000 in a competition, allowing them to pay for Zeta-Jones dance. Zeta-Jones participated in stage shows from a young age and gained local media attention when her rendition of a Shirley Bassey song won a Junior Star Trail talent competition. As part of a troupe, she routinely took trips to London. At the age of nine, she was selected to one of the orphan girls in a West End production of the musical Annie
Catherine Zeta-Jones
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Zeta-Jones at the 2012
Tribeca Film Festival.
Catherine Zeta-Jones
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At the
52nd Cannes Film Festival premiere of Entrapment, on May 1, 1999.
Catherine Zeta-Jones
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Zeta-Jones in 2005.
Catherine Zeta-Jones
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At the red carpet of the
55th Drama Desk Awards ceremony on 23 May 2010.
7.
Diana Ross
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Diane Ernestine Earle Ross, known professionally as Diana Ross, is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. As part of the Supremes, her success made it possible for future African-American R&B, Dianas high-pitched and bright lyric-soprano voice has been enjoyed and still is by fans around the world. The group released a record-setting twelve number-one hit singles on the US Billboard Hot 100, including the hits Where Did Our Love Go, Baby Love, Come See About Me, Stop. In the Name of Love, You Cant Hurry Love, You Keep Me Hangin On, Love Child and she later released the album Touch Me in the Morning in 1973, its title track reached number 1, as her second solo hit. That same year, her album Lady Sings The Blues, which was the soundtrack of her film based on the life of jazz singer Billie Holiday. By 1975, the Mahogany soundtrack included her third number-one hit and her eponymous 1976 album included her fourth number-one hit, Love Hangover. In 1979, Ross released the album The Boss and her 1980 semi-eponymous album Diana reached number 2 on the US Billboard albums chart, and spawned the number-one hit Upside Down, and the international hit Im Coming Out. After leaving Motown, Ross achieved her sixth and final US number-one hit, Ross has also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe Award and Academy Award-nominated performance for her performance in the film Lady Sings the Blues. She also starred in two films, Mahogany and The Wiz, later acting in the television films Out of Darkness, for which she also was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. Ross was named the Female Entertainer of the Century by Billboard magazine, Ross has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, when her releases with the Supremes and as a solo artist are tallied. In 1988, Ross was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as member of the Supremes, alongside Mary Wilson and she was the recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 2007, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. She is a 12-time Grammy nominee, never earning a competitive honor, in December 2016, Billboard magazine named her the 50th most successful dance artist of all time. Diane Ross was born at Hutzel Womens Hospital in Detroit on March 26,1944 and she was the second eldest child of Ernestine, a schoolteacher, and Fred Ross, Sr. a former Army soldier. Much has been made of whether her first name ends in an a or an e, according to Ross, her mother actually named her Diane but a clerical error resulted in her name being recorded as Diana on her birth certificate. She was listed as Diane during the first Supremes records, she introduced herself as Diane until early in the groups heyday and her friends and family still call her Diane. Rosss grandfather John E. Ross, a native of Gloucester County, Virginia, was born to Washington Ross, Virginia Baytops mother Francis Frankey Baytop was a former slave who had become a midwife after the Civil War. Ross and her family lived at Belmont Road in the North End section of Detroit, near Highland Park, MI. When Ross was seven, her mother contracted tuberculosis, causing her to seriously ill
Diana Ross
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Diana Ross performing at the 2008
Nobel Peace Prize concert in
Oslo
Diana Ross
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The Frederick Douglass housing project in Detroit, where Diana spent her teenage years.
Diana Ross
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Diana Ross (far right) performing with
the Supremes as lead singer
Diana Ross
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Ross's debut solo album,
Diana Ross, on Motown Records released in 1970.
8.
Anjelica Huston
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Anjelica Huston is an American actress, director and former fashion model. She also received Academy Award nominations for Enemies, a Love Story, Huston received British Academy Award nominations for her work in the Woody Allen films Crimes and Misdemeanors and Manhattan Murder Mystery. She has frequently collaborated with director Wes Anderson, including The Royal Tenenbaums, hustons paternal grandfather was Canadian-born actor Walter Huston. Huston has Scots-Irish, English and Welsh ancestry from her father and she spent much of her childhood in Ireland, particularly near Craughwell, County Galway, and attended school at Kylemore Abbey. Huston has a brother, Tony, a younger maternal half-sister named Allegra, whom she called Legs, a younger paternal half-brother, actor Danny Huston. She is the aunt of Boardwalk Empire actor Jack Huston and she later lived in England, where she attended Holland Park School. In the late 1960s, she began taking a few roles in her fathers movies. In the same year, her mother, who was 39 years old, died in a car accident, while she modeled, she worked with photographers such as Richard Avedon and Bob Richardson. Deciding to focus more on movies, in the early 1980s she studied acting and her first notable role was in Bob Rafelsons remake of The Postman Always Rings Twice. Later, her father cast her as Maerose, daughter of a Mafia don whose love is scorned by a hit man in the adaptation of Richard Condons Mafia-satire novel Prizzis Honor. Huston won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her performance, making her the first person in Academy Award history to win an Oscar when a parent and she also earned a Best Actress Oscar nomination for her portrayal of a con artist in Stephen Frears The Grifters. She also starred as the lead in her fathers final directorial film, The Dead and she was then cast as Morticia Addams, in the hugely successful 1991 movie adaptation of The Addams Family. In 1993, she reprised the role for the sequel Addams Family Values and she also starred in the 1998 Hollywood blockbuster, Ever After, A Cinderella Story alongside Drew Barrymore and Melanie Lynskey as the Baroness Rodmilla De Ghent. She starred in two Wes Anderson films, The Royal Tenenbaums and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, as well as appearing in a role in 2007s The Darjeeling Limited. She voiced the role of Queen Clarion in the Disney Fairies film series starring Tinker Bell, on January 22,2010, Huston was honored on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2011, Huston was in the film Horrid Henry, The Movie, Huston later appeared on the NBC television series, Smash, portraying Broadway producer Eileen Rand. In 2015 and 2016 Huston appeared in the second and third seasons of the Amazon Video series Transparent, Huston has recently expanded her horizons, following in her fathers footsteps in the directors chair. Her first directorial credit was Bastard Out of Carolina, followed by Agnes Browne, for over 20 years, Huston has been developing a film project on Maud Gonne and William Butler Yeats
Anjelica Huston
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Huston at the UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability's An Evening of Environmental Excellence in March 2014
Anjelica Huston
–
with father
John Huston, circa 1960
Anjelica Huston
–
Huston in 2005.
9.
Faye Dunaway
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Dorothy Faye Dunaway is an American actress. In 2011, the government of France made her an Officer of the Order of Arts, dunaway’s career began in the early 1960s on Broadway. Other notable films in which she has appeared include the drama Barfly, the surrealist comedy-drama Arizona Dream, the biopic Gia, protective of her private life, she rarely gives interviews and makes very few public appearances. Dunaway was born in Bascom, Florida, the daughter of Grace April, a housewife and she is of Scots-Irish, English, and German descent. She spent her childhood traveling throughout the United States and Europe, Dunaway took dance classes, tap, piano and singing, and then studied at Florida State University and University of Florida, and graduated from the Boston University with a degree in theatre. In 1962, at the age of 21, she took acting classes at the American National Theater, shortly after graduating from Boston University, Dunaway was already appearing on Broadway as a replacement in Robert Bolts drama A Man for All Seasons. She subsequently appeared in Arthur Millers After the Fall and the award-winning Hogans Goat by Harvard professor William Alfred, with the exception of my mother, my brother, and my beloved son, Bill Alfred has been without question the most important single figure in my lifetime. A teacher, a mentor, and I suppose the father I never had and he has taught me so much about the virtue of a simple life, about spirituality, about the purity of real beauty, and how to go at this messy business of life. Dunaways first screen role was the crime film The Happening. Her performance earned her good notices from critics, with Roger Ebert of The Chicago Sun-Times saying that she exhibits a real neat trick of resting her cheek on the back of her hand. That same year, she had a role in Otto Premingers drama Hurry Sundown. Filming proved to be difficult for Dunaway as she clashed with Preminger and she later described this experience as a psychodrama that left me feeling damaged at the end of each day. Dunaway had signed a deal with Preminger but decided during the filming to get her contract back. Beyond the movies I might have missed, it would have been a kind of Chinese water torture to have stuck in five more terrible movies. Its impossible to assess the damage that might have done to me early on in my career. The film was a critical and commercial failure but earned Dunaway a Golden Globe Award nomination, for Best New Star of the Year. Dunaway had tried to get an interview with director Arthur Penn when he was directing The Chase, but was rebuffed by a casting director who didnt think she had the right face for the movies. When Penn saw her scenes from The Happening before its release, he decided to let her read for the role of the bank robber Bonnie Parker for his film, Bonnie
Faye Dunaway
–
in the 1971
PBS broadcast of
Hogan's Goat
Faye Dunaway
–
Bonnie and Clyde (1967). Bonnie Parker was Dunaway's breakthrough role and earned her an Oscar nomination.
Faye Dunaway
–
The Thomas Crown Affair (1968). The film was famous for its chess scene, with Dunaway and co-star Steve McQuen playing a game of chess, silently flirting with each other.
Faye Dunaway
–
Chinatown (1974). One of Dunaway's most famous films. Her performance as Evelyn Mulwray earned her a second Oscar nomination.
10.
Jacqueline Jossa
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Jacqueline Mary Jossa is an English actress from Bexley, London, best known for playing Lauren Branning in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. She won Best Newcomer at the National Television Awards 2012 and Best Actress at the Inside Soap Awards 2013 and she trained at D&B Theatre School in Bromley followed by the Royal Academy of Music in London. She has one sister, Katrina. She is the cousin of former EastEnders actress Megan Jossa and she is half Irish from her mother who moved to England before Jossa was born. Jossa was cast in EastEnders in 2010 as Lauren Branning, taking over from Madeline Duggan who played the role from 2006 to 2010, Jossa was excited to join the show, saying she has always been a fan. Her first appearance was on 27 September 2010, Jossa also appears in Laurens internet spin-off series, Laurens Diaries, with two series in 2010 and 2011. In 2013 she also appeared as a panellist on the BBC Three comedy panel show Sweat the Small Stuff, Jossa was nominated in the category of Best Soap Newcomer at the 2011 TV Choice Awards. On 25 January 2012 Jossa won Best Newcomer at the National Television Awards and she was shortlisted in the category Sexiest Female in the British Soap Awards in 2012,2013 and 2014 but lost to Michelle Keegan of Coronation Street. In 2013, Jossa was nominated for Best Actress at the Inside Soap Awards which she later won and she was also nominated for Best Storyline for Laurens struggle with alcohol as well as sexiest female. In 2014, Jossa won Sexiest Female at the Inside Soap Awards, Jossa has been in a relationship with The Only Way is Essexs Daniel Osborne since 2013. On 15 August 2014, the couple confirmed that they were expecting their first child together, on 15 February 2015, Jossa gave birth to a daughter, Ella Selina. In June 2015, Jossa and Osborne announced their engagement, Jacqueline Jossa on Twitter Jacqueline Jossa on Facebook
Jacqueline Jossa
–
Jacqueline Jossa
11.
Melanie Griffith
–
Melanie Richards Griffith is an American actress. Griffith began her career as an adolescent in nonspeaking film roles before making her debut opposite Gene Hackman in Arthur Penns Night Moves. She rose to prominence for her role in Brian De Palmas Body Double, other roles include in John Schlesingers Pacific Heights, Milk Money, the neo-noir film Mulholland Falls, as Charlotte Haze in Adrian Lynes Lolita, and Another Day in Paradise. She later starred as Barbara Marx in The Night We Called It a Day, and has appeared on the television series Nip/Tuck, Raising Hope, and Hawaii Five-0. After acting on stage in London, in 2003 she made her Broadway debut in a revival of the musical Chicago, Griffith was born in New York City to actress Tippi Hedren and Peter Griffith, a former child stage actor and advertising executive. She is of Swedish, Norwegian, German, and English descent and her mother married agent and producer Noel Marshall. During her childhood and adolescent years, she lived part of the time in New York with her father and part-time in Antelope Valley, California, Griffith appeared in advertisements and briefly worked as a child model before abandoning the career, citing extreme shyness as the reason. While attending the Hollywood Professional School, Griffith was advanced in her studies, Griffith began acting at nine months of age in a commercial and later appeared as an extra in Smith. Her first major role was in Arthur Penns Night Moves, in which she did several racy nude scenes at the age of 17 and this drew attention to her and typecast her as a nymphet in films such as Smile, The Drowning Pool, and One on One. She was cast as Melanie, the daughter of her real mother, Tippi Hedren, in the film Roar. During the filming she was attacked by a lion and had 50 stitches to her face, it was feared she would lose an eye but in the end the wound was not disfiguring. She then appeared in the made-for-television movie Shes in the Army Now with Jamie Lee Curtis and Steven Bauer, whom she married shortly after the film premiered. Griffiths well-known drug and alcohol addictions stalled her career, but she made a comeback at age 26 with her role as an actress in the Brian De Palma thriller Body Double. The film, although a failure, earned her the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress. It led to her first starring role in Jonathan Demmes Something Wild, Griffith also starred in the science fiction film Cherry 2000, which went straight to video in 1988 but has also become a cult favorite. Griffiths performance was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress, Griffiths next major role was opposite Matthew Modine in the urban thriller Pacific Heights. Griffith received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance in the successful TV movie Buffalo Girls, in 1998 she appeared in Woody Allens Celebrity which featured an all-star cast. Later that year, she starred as a heroin user in the independent film Another Day in Paradise
Melanie Griffith
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Griffith at the 2013 Life Ball
Melanie Griffith
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Griffith in The Garden (1977)
Melanie Griffith
–
Griffith with
Robert Redford and
Sônia Braga, Cannes 1988
Melanie Griffith
–
Griffith with then-husband
Don Johnson at the
APLA benefit in September 1990
12.
Charlotte Rampling
–
Tessa Charlotte Rampling, OBE is an English actress, model and chanteuse, known for her work in European arthouse films in three languages, English, French, and Italian. An icon of the Swinging Sixties, she began her career as a model and later became a fashion icon and she was cast in the role of Meredith in the 1966 film Georgy Girl, which starred Lynn Redgrave. She soon began making French and Italian arthouse films, most notably during this time in Luchino Viscontis The Damned and Liliana Cavanis The Night Porter. She went on to star in Zardoz, Farewell, My Lovely, Woody Allens Stardust Memories, opposite Paul Newman in The Verdict, Long Live Life, Max, Mon Amour, Angel Heart and The Wings of the Dove. In 2002 she released an album of recordings in the style of cabaret, in the 2000s, she became the muse of French director François Ozon, appearing in his films Under the Sand, Swimming Pool and Angel. On television, she is known for her role as Evelyn Vogel in Dexter, in 2012 she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award, both for her performance in the miniseries Restless. Other television roles include work in Broadchurch and London Spy, for the latter of which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award, a four-time César Award nominee, she received an Honorary César in 2001 and Frances Legion of Honour in 2002. She was made an OBE in 2000 for her services to the arts, in 2015, she released her autobiography, which she wrote in French, titled Qui Je Suis, or Who I Am. She later worked on an English translation, which was due to be published in March 2017, Rampling was born in Sturmer, Essex, the daughter of Isabel Anne, a painter, and Godfrey Rampling, an Olympic gold medalist and British Army officer. She grew up and spent most of her childhood in Gibraltar, France and she attended Académie Jeanne dArc in Versailles and St. Hildas School, a boarding school in Bushey, Hertfordshire, England. She had one sister, Sarah, who committed suicide in 1966 and she and Sarah had had a close relationship, and they had performed in a cabaret act together during their teenage years. She began her career as a model and first appeared in a Cadbury advertisement and she was noticed by a casting agent while walking down a street in London. Her first screen appearance, which was uncredited, was as a skier in Richard Lesters film The Knack. She also appeared as an extra in the Beatles film A Hard Days Night, in 1965, she was cast in the role of Meredith in the film Georgy Girl and was given a role by John Boulting in the comedy Rotten to the Core. In 1967, she starred opposite Yul Brynner in the adventure film The Long Duel and she also appeared alongside Franco Nero in the Italian film Sardinia Kidnapped, directed by Gianfranco Mingozzi. On television, Rampling played the gunfighter Hana Wilde in The Superlative Seven, after this, her acting career blossomed in both English and French cinema. Despite an early flurry of success, she told The Independent and it was a nightmare, breaking the rules and all that. Everyone seemed to be having fun, but they were taking so many drugs they wouldnt know it anyway, in 1969, in Luchino Viscontis The Damned, she played a young wife sent to a Nazi concentration camp
Charlotte Rampling
–
Rampling at the
2009 Venice Film Festival
Charlotte Rampling
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Rampling at the
2001 Cannes Film Festival.
13.
Jerry Hall
–
Jerry Faye Hall is an American model and actress, also known for her former common law relationship with Mick Jagger with whom she has four children. Hall was born in Gonzales, Texas, to Marjorie, a medical records librarian, and John P. Hall and she is of English, Irish, Dutch, Choctaw and Cherokee Native American descent. She was raised in the Dallas suburb of Mesquite, Texas and she also attended the Kim Dawson Modeling Agency. She has a sister, Terry, a real estate broker. She moved to France on her own before getting modeling work, Hall was staying at a hostel on the French Riviera when she was discovered sunbathing on a Saint Tropez beach by fashion agent Claude Haddad. Soon after, she moved in with fashion illustrator Antonio Lopez and she appeared, in the guise of a mermaid, on the cover of Roxy Musics album Siren. A few months later, the lead singer, Bryan Ferry. Her relationship with Ferry continued and she appeared in the promotional film for his solo hit Lets Stick Together. By 1977, Hall had been on 40 magazine covers including Italian Vogue and she was earning modelling fees in excess of $1,000 per day. Her long blonde hair and height of six feet quickly made her one of the most visible and that year she met Rolling Stones lead singer Mick Jagger, for whom she would eventually leave Bryan Ferry, at a dinner party in Manhattan. Hall and Jagger were often seen together around New York, frequenting high-profile nightspots of the era such as Studio 54 and 21 Club, the Rolling Stones song Miss You, released as a single in May 1978, was written by Jagger for Hall. Many years later, Hall was also the subject of the Bryan Ferry song Kiss and Tell following the publishing of her autobiography, Tall Tales, bianca Jagger began divorce proceedings as a result of her husbands involvement with Hall. With the large fees Hall was able to command as a top model, she was able to buy herself an 8.1 km2 ranch in Lone Oak and she continued her modelling career and later moved into acting and television work. She also modeled for artists Francesco Clemente, Ed Ruscha and Lucian Freud, Hall started dating Mick Jagger in 1977 despite the fact Jagger was already married, after first meeting in 1976. They engaged in a private marriage ceremony on November 21,1990, in Bali. The marriage and the ceremony were later declared invalid by the High Court of England. They have four children together, Elizabeth Scarlett, James Leroy, Georgia May, the couple lived together at Downe House, Richmond Hill, in Greater London, which Jagger purchased in the early 1990s. Hall cited Jaggers infidelity as the cause of the break-up, on October 25,2015, Hall was reported to be dating business magnate Rupert Murdoch
Jerry Hall
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Hall in 2009
Jerry Hall
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Hall with Stephanie Beacham in London
14.
Joan Collins
–
Dame Joan Henrietta Collins, DBE is an English actress, author, and columnist. Born in Paddington, west London, and brought up in Maida Vale, after making her stage debut in the Henrik Ibsen play A Dolls House at the age of nine, she trained as an actress at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. She then signed a contract with the Rank Organisation and appeared in various British films. In 1955, at the age of 22, Collins headed to Hollywood and landed roles in several popular films, including The Girl in the Red Velvet Swing and Rally Round the Flag. While she continued to make films in the US and the UK throughout the 1960s, she also guest-starred in an episode of Star Trek in 1967 named The City on the Edge of Forever, as Edith Keeler. Her career languished in the 1970s, when she appeared in a number of horror flicks, near the end of the decade, she starred in two softcore pornographic films based on best-selling novels by her younger sister Jackie Collins, The Stud and its sequel The Bitch. She began appearing on stage, playing the role in the 1980 British revival of The Last of Mrs. Cheyney. Collins also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1983 for career achievement, in 2015, Collins was made a Dame by Queen Elizabeth II for services to charity. Since the late 1970s, Collins has written several books, in 1988, she published her first novel, Prime Time, and she has continued to publish various kinds of writing. A member of the Conservative Party, Collins was one of the handful of guests to be invited to the funeral of former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in April 2013 and her father, a native of South Africa, was Jewish, and her British mother was Anglican. She has two siblings, Jackie and Bill, a property agent. She was educated at the Francis Holland School, an independent day school for girls in London, at the age of 17, Collins was signed to the J. Arthur Rank Film Company, a British film studio. Collins made her debut as a beauty contest entrant in Lady Godiva Rides Again followed by The Womans Angle in a minor role as a Greek maid. Next was a significant role as a gangsters moll in Judgment Deferred. Her big break came when the Rank Organisation signed her for a role in I Believe in You. Other roles to follow included Cosh Boy, Decameron Nights, Turn the Key Softly, The Square Ring and she was chosen by director Howard Hawks to star in his lavish production of Land of the Pharaohs as the scheming Princess Nellifer opposite Jack Hawkins. She finished her Fox contract with the crime caper Seven Thieves and the biblical epic Esther, One notable film release in the 1960s was The Road to Hong Kong, the last road picture of Bing Crosby and Bob Hope. She took a hiatus from her career to concentrate on having a family after marrying Anthony Newley
Joan Collins
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Collins attending 2012 Monte-Carlo Television Festival
Joan Collins
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Collins in
I Believe in You (1952)
Joan Collins
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Joan Collins with
Dynasty co-stars
Stephanie Beacham and
Emma Samms in London, 2009
Joan Collins
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Collins at 2010 The Heart Truth
15.
Queen Noor of Jordan
–
Noor Al-Hussein is the American-born queen dowager of Jordan as the widow of King Hussein. She was his spouse and queen consort between their marriage in 1978 and his death in 1999. Her peace-building work has focused on the Middle East, the Balkans, Central and Southeast Asia and she is the longest-standing member of the Board of Commissioners of the International Commission on Missing Persons. As of 2011, she is president of the United World Colleges movement, in 2015, Queen Noor received the Woodrow Wilson Award for her public service. Queen Noor was born Lisa Najeeb Halaby in Washington, D. C and she was born to a family distinguished for its public service. She is the daughter of Najeeb Halaby and Doris Carlquist of Swedish descent and her father was an aviator, airline executive, and government official. He served as United States Assistant Secretary of Defense in the Truman administration, Najeeb Halaby also had a private-sector career, serving as CEO of Pan American World Airways from 1969 to 1972. The Halabys had two children following Lisa, a son, Christian, and a daughter, Alexa. Halaby died on December 25,2015 age 97, Noors paternal grandfather, Najeeb Elias Halaby, a Syrian immigrant, was a petroleum broker, according to 1920 Census records. Najeeb Halaby died shortly afterward, and his estate was unable to continue the new enterprise and he was a Christian and had been a provincial treasurer in the Ottoman Empire. He left Syria with his two eldest sons and his wife Almas and remaining children joined him in the United States in 1894. He died three years later, leaving his sons, Habib, and Najeeb, to run his import business. Najeeb moved to Dallas around 1910 and fully assimilated into American society, Halaby attended National Cathedral School from fourth to eighth grade. She attended The Chapin School in New York City for two years, then went on to graduate from Concord Academy in Massachusetts and she entered Princeton University with its first coeducational freshman class, and received a BA in architecture and urban planning in 1973. At Princeton she was also a member of the schools first womens ice hockey team, after she graduated from Princeton, Halaby moved to Australia, where she worked for a firm that specialized in planning new towns. She became increasingly interested in the Middle East and immediately accepted a job offer from a British architectural firm that had employed to redesign Tehran, Iran. In 1976 she moved back to the United States and she thought about earning a masters degree in journalism and starting a career in television production. However, she accepted a job offer from the Managing Director of Arab Air Services, Arab Air Services was founded by her father, who was commissioned by the Jordanian government to redesign their airlines
Queen Noor of Jordan
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Queen Noor in 2011
Queen Noor of Jordan
–
Queen Noor in
Hamburg, Germany, in 1978
Queen Noor of Jordan
–
Queen Noor and King Hussein with
Richard von Weizsäcker,
President of Germany, and First Lady
Marianne von Weizsäcker in Jordan in 1985
16.
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
–
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, GCVO, CSM, PC, is the second wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, who is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II. Instead of using the title of Princess of Wales, she uses the title Duchess of Cornwall, in Scotland, she is known as the Duchess of Rothesay. Camilla was born into a family as the eldest child of Major Bruce Shand and his wife, the Honourable Rosalind Cubitt. She was raised in East Sussex and South Kensington, and was educated in England, Switzerland, subsequently, she worked for different firms based in central London, most notably the decorating firm Sibyl Colefax & John Fowler. In 1973, Camilla married British Army officer Andrew Parker Bowles, for many years, Camilla was in a relationship with the Prince of Wales before and after their former marriages. The relationship became highly publicised in the media and attracted worldwide scrutiny, as the Duchess of Cornwall, Camilla assists the Prince of Wales on his official duties. She is also the patron, president and a member of numerous charities, since 1994, she has taken action on osteoporosis, which has earned her honours and awards. She has also raised awareness in areas including rape and sexual abuse, literacy and poverty, Camilla Rosemary Shand was born at Kings College Hospital, London, on 17 July 1947 at 7,00 am. She grew up in the Laines, a house located in Plumpton, East Sussex. Her parents were British Army officer turned businessman Major Bruce Shand and his wife, the Hon. Rosalind and she has one younger sister, Annabel Elliot, and had a younger brother, Mark Shand. Her maternal great-grandmother, Alice Keppel, was a mistress of King Edward VII from 1898 to 1910, on 1 November 1947, Camilla was baptised at Firle Church, Sussex. Her godparents were Hon. Henry Cubitt, Major Neil Speke, Mrs Heathcoat-Amory, Mrs Lombard Hobson, Camillas mother worked for an adoption agency, while her father had different business interests after retiring from the army. He was most notably a partner in Block, Grey and Block, during her childhood years, Camilla became an avid reader due to the influence of her father, who read to her frequently. She grew up with dogs and cats, and, at a young age, according to her, childhood was perfect in every way. Biographer Gyles Brandreth describes her background and childhood, Camilla is often described as having had an Enid Blyton sort of Childhood, in fact, it was much grander than that. The Shands had position and they had help—help in the house, help in the garden and they opened their garden for the local Conservative Party Association summer fête. At the age of five, Camilla was sent to Dumbrells and she left Dumbrells aged ten to attend Queens Gate School in Queens Gate, South Kensington. Her classmates at Queens Gate knew her as Milla, her pupils included the singer Twinkle
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
–
The Duchess of Cornwall at
Hillsborough Castle in April 2014
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
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Signature
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
–
Bolehyde Manor in Allington, Wiltshire
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
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The Queen, the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall during the
Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 2012
17.
Rania Al-Abdullah of Jordan
–
Rania Al-Abdullah is the queen consort of Jordan. She is also a user of social media and she maintains pages on Facebook, YouTube, Instagram. She has two daughters and two sons and has given various decorations by governments. Rania Al-Yassin was born in Kuwait, to Palestinian parents Faisal Sedki al-Yassin and she attended the New English School in Jabriya, Kuwait, then received a degree in Business Administration from the American University in Cairo. Upon her graduation from the American University, she worked briefly in marketing for Citibank and she further noted that modern Islamic women must be entitled to wear any veil of their own individual choice and not be pressured by a traditionalist interpretation of Islamic law in society. Rania herself has been wearing a veil or a styled hat only on televised royal weddings. Since her marriage, Queen Rania has used her position to advocate for various sectors of society in Jordan, over the past few years, Queen Rania has launched, championed, and given patronage to several initiatives in education and learning. In July 2005, in partnership with the Ministry of Education, the King and Queen launched an annual teachers’ award, the Queen is Chairperson of Jordans first interactive childrens museum. Opened in May 2007, it aims to encourage and nurture lifelong learning for children, in April 2008, the Queen launched “Madrasati”, a public-private initiative aimed at refurbishing 500 of Jordan’s public schools over a five-year period. In higher education, the Queen Rania Scholarship Program partners with universities from around the world. Queen Rania is also Chairperson of the Royal Health Awareness Society, Queen Ranias first venture was the establishment of the Jordan River Foundation in 1995. The Jordan River Children Program was developed by Queen Rania to place children’s welfare above political agendas, Queen Rania has stated that an essential aspect of education is to equip young people with the necessary skills to perform well in the workplace. She initiated the Al-Aman Fund for the Future of Orphans in 2003 and she supports INJAZ Al-Arab, which was established by Save the Children in 1999, and later on with Junior Achievement and launched as a Jordanian non-profit organization by the Queen in 2001. In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEFs first Eminent Advocate for Children, in August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative. As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education, Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, “Maha of the Mountains”, was contributed by Queen Rania, in Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this “tragedy into triumph” and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments
Rania Al-Abdullah of Jordan
–
Rania at
Davos in 2007
Rania Al-Abdullah of Jordan
–
Queen Rania -
World Economic Forum on the Middle East held at the
Dead Sea, Jordan, in 2007
Rania Al-Abdullah of Jordan
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Michelle Obama hosts Queen Rania in the
Yellow Oval Room
Rania Al-Abdullah of Jordan
–
Queen Rania at the 2003
World Economic Forum in
Davos,
Switzerland
18.
Diana, Princess of Wales
–
Diana, Princess of Wales, was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, who is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II. Diana was born into a family of British nobility with royal ancestry and was the child and third daughter of John Spencer, Viscount Althorp. She grew up in Park House, situated on the Sandringham estate, in 1975, after her father inherited the title of Earl Spencer, she became known as Lady Diana Spencer. She came to prominence in February 1981 when her engagement to Prince Charles was announced and her wedding to the Prince of Wales on 29 July 1981, held at St Pauls Cathedral, reached a global television audience of over 750 million people. While married, Diana bore the titles Princess of Wales, Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, the marriage produced two sons, the princes William and Harry, who were then respectively second and third in the line of succession to the British throne. As Princess of Wales, Diana undertook royal duties on behalf of the Queen and she was celebrated for her charity work and for her support of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. She was involved with dozens of charities including Londons Great Ormond Street Hospital for children, Diana remained the object of worldwide media scrutiny during and after her marriage, which ended in divorce on 28 August 1996. Media attention and public mourning were extensive after her death in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997, Diana was born on 1 July 1961, in Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk. She was the fourth of five children of John Spencer, Viscount Althorp, the Spencer family has been closely allied with the British Royal Family for several generations. Both of Dianas grandmothers had served as ladies-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, on 30 August 1961, Diana was baptised at St. Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, with wealthy commoners as godparents. Diana had three siblings, Sarah, Jane, and Charles and her infant brother, John, died shortly after his birth one year before Diana was born. The desire for an added strain to the Spencers marriage. Diana grew up in Park House, situated on the Sandringham estate, the Spencers leased the house from its owner, Queen Elizabeth II. The Royal Family frequently holidayed at the neighbouring Sandringham House, and Diana played with Princes Andrew, Diana was seven years old when her parents divorced. Her mother later had an affair with Peter Shand Kydd and married him in 1969, Diana lived with her mother in London during her parents separation in 1967, but during that years Christmas holidays, Lord Althorp refused to let Diana return to London with Lady Althorp. Shortly afterwards he won custody of Diana with support from his former mother-in-law, Ruth Roche, in 1972, Lord Althorp began a relationship with Raine, Countess of Dartmouth, the only daughter of Alexander McCorquodale and Dame Barbara Cartland. They married at Caxton Hall, London in 1976, as an upper-class child at the time, Diana was first educated under the supervision of her governess, Gertrude Allen. She began her education at Silfield Private School in Gayton, Norfolk, and moved to Riddlesworth Hall School, an all-girls boarding school near Diss
Diana, Princess of Wales
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The Princess of Wales raising money for cancer research in
Chicago, Illinois, June 1996
Diana, Princess of Wales
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Charles and Diana's wedding commemorated on a 1981 British
Crown
Diana, Princess of Wales
–
The Prince and Princess of Wales after the
wedding of
the Duke and
Duchess of York in 1986
Diana, Princess of Wales
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Charles and Diana visit
Uluru, Australia, March 1983
19.
Ripon Grammar School
–
Ripon Grammar School is a co-educational, selective grammar school in Ripon, North Yorkshire, England. The school was graded Outstanding in its 2012 Ofsted report and is listed in the top 50 schools in the United Kingdom and it is a selective school, one of the very few in the North of England. It is situated in the north-west of Ripon, on Clotherholme Road, the school motto is the Old English phrase Giorne ymb lare ymb diowatdomas. The school was founded in Saxon times, but it was re-founded in 1555 during the reign of Queen Mary, originally a boys school, the school merged with Ripon Girls School to become coeducational in 1962. Although most pupils are day pupils from the area and Ripon itself, there are boys. Ripon was the first and only school catchment area in England in which voted to keep a selective school in March 2000 by 1,493 to 747. Even the head of the secondary modern school, Ripon College, Paul Lowery was in favour of keeping the selection system as it was. The campaign against the school was co-ordinated by Debbie Atkins, who like other local parents chose to send her children to school in Harrogate, to force a ballot, petitions had to be successfully raised. These were allowed from December 1998, and Ripon was the one out of 39 resulting in a ballot. The cost of administration of these petitions and the one ballot was £437,000, the huge cost of administration came from education officials having to write individually to registered parents at feeder primary schools. In the year of the ballot - 1999/2000 - £216,283 was spent on the petition procedures administration, the vote was allowed by the School Standards and Framework Act 1998. Unsuccessful attempts at ballots were made in Trafford and Sutton, both being areas with outstanding academic success, North Yorkshire LEA, largely comprehensive, has the best academic results in Yorkshire and the Humber. During 2005, Ripon Grammar celebrated the 450th anniversary of its re-founding in 1555, during this year, extensive fund-raising occurred, which has been spent on many projects aimed at improving the schools facilities. One of the most ambitious of these was the building of a sports hall, in January 2006 the school was awarded specialist engineering status, which will help fund the improvement of facilities in the science and technology departments. In May 2006 the schools librarian, Anne-Marie Tarter, was awarded the School Librarian of the Year Award by the School Library Association and this project was in line with the schools newly achieved specialist engineering status. In 2008/9 construction began on a new hall, as well as a Sixth Form block. The sports hall became possible after 12 months of fundraising, which achieved a total of £1 million made up entirely of donations from parents, facilities include a gym, indoor cricket nets and a climbing wall. The Sixth Form block is a joint £1 million project between Ripon Grammar School and Ripon College, as well as local schools
Ripon Grammar School
–
Ripon Grammar School
20.
Sheffield Hallam University
–
Sheffield Hallam University is a public university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The university is the eighth largest university in the UK with 31,485 students,4,494 staff and 708 courses, the day-to-day running was controlled by the local council, whilst the Board of Trade in London appointed the head. Tuition began in a 60x40ft rented room off Glossop Road, in 1850 the School of Design was renamed Sheffield School of Art. In 1905 the City of Sheffield Training College on Collegiate Crescent admitted its first 90 students, in 1967 the Owen Building was constructed. Built in a functional 1960s design, it has since been modernised, in 1969 the Sheffield School of Design merged with the citys College of Technology to form Sheffield Polytechnic. In 1976 Sheffield Polytechnic merged with the two teacher training colleges and was renamed Sheffield City Polytechnic. In 1987 Sheffield City Polytechnic became a member of the Northern Consortium. In 1992 Sheffield City Polytechnic became Sheffield Hallam University, with the right to award its own degrees, in 2005 SHU was reorganised into four faculties. The new Faculty of Development and Society, with an emphasis on people, places and spaces, brought together education, geography, humanities, law, and social sciences. At the same time, with the intention of developing research and teaching in the new Faculty of Health and Wellbeing. The building that had designed and constructed to house the National Centre for Popular Music became the universitys students union building. The Nelson Mandela Building, the students union building, was sold and has since been demolished. In 2007 SHU took over the teaching of nursing and midwifery from the University of Sheffield and these activities are now based at the Collegiate Crescent Campus. The following year the Psalter Lane campus was closed, and the transferred to the City Campus. The £26 million energy-efficient Furnival Building opened in September, the building, which includes teaching spaces and an art gallery has been described as the impressive new entry point to the campus. Winston has a history in academia, being a full-time faculty member at Imperial College London for the majority of his career. SHU is the partner for Higher Futures, the Lifelong Learning Network for South Yorkshire, North Derbyshire. SHU received a First Class award and was ranked 15th out of 151 universities in the People & Planet University League 2015 which assesses universities on their environmental credentials, nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed, Labour Party Peer
Sheffield Hallam University
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Sheffield Hallam University
Sheffield Hallam University
–
Owen Building
Sheffield Hallam University
–
Sheffield Hallam Students' Union
Sheffield Hallam University
–
What If? Poem on the side of Owen Building
21.
Ravensbourne College
–
Ravensbourne, which was formerly Bromley Technical College, was opened in 1959 by the amalgamation of the Bromley School of Art and the Department of Furniture Design of the Beckenham School of Art. It was originally located at Bromley Common and Chislehurst in outer London before moving to a new campus in inner London on the Greenwich Peninsula in September 2010. The Bromley School of Art opened in 1878 in Tweedy Road and it became Bromley College of Art after the second world war. In 1959 it merged with the Department of Furniture Design of the Beckenham School of Art and in 1965 moved to purpose-built accommodation on Rookery Lane, the site had originally housed the Rookery, an 18th-century house that had been burnt out while in military occupation in 1946. As the college expanded it was unable to develop the Rookery Lane site any further, limitations to space had already resulted in Foundation courses being housed in temporary buildings in the grounds around the main building. This resulted in the moving in 1975, to a new site set amongst 18 acres of private parkland on Walden Road. The Rookery Lane site was redeveloped for the Bromley College of Further & Higher Education and it has offered higher level courses in design since the 1960s. In 1985 the Broadcasting department joined, replacing Fine Arts and it was amongst the earliest of institutions to be approved by the then CNAA to convert the traditional Diploma programmes in Art and Design into honours degrees during the 1970s. This validation ceased when the Royal College of Art withdrew from offering collaborative provision, in April 2010, following a re-branding programme and in anticipation of the colleges relocation, it shortened its name from Ravensbourne College of Design and Communication to simply Ravensbourne. Ravensbourne was recognised previously as an affiliate College of the University of Sussex in 1996 and was re-recognised in 2002, between 2009 and 2012 the institutions undergraduate and postgraduate provision was validated by City University, London. This relationship was maintained until May 2012, when both parties agreed to withdraw from the partnership in order to pursue their respective academic strategies. In June 2013, the new partner, University of the Arts London was confirmed. It was decided that the institution would either have to merge with another institution, the latter option was chosen and a new campus was constructed at Greenwich Peninsula, which opened in September 2010. The new building is designed to replicate the working environment of industry, with a emphasis on student. The new building won a British Construction Industry Award in 2011, Ravensbourne offers Undergraduate, Postgraduate and Further Education programmes taught in a single faculty with two main clusters of courses, Design and Production. At undergraduate level, there are Foundation degrees, honours degree level top-up years, a number of these bachelors degrees also offer a Level 0 programme. The available postgraduate provision consists of 14 Masters level courses, each of which can be studied to MA, a range of subject areas are offered within the main disciplines of fashion, design and broadcasting. Within the area of Further Education, Ravensbourne offers the Diploma in Foundation Studies for both Art & Design and Media, as well as the BTEC National Certificate in Art, Ravensbourne enjoys strong relationships with the creative industries to which it relates
Ravensbourne College
–
Ravensbourne college building in
North Greenwich
22.
Ready-to-wear
–
Off-the-peg is sometimes used for items other than clothing such as handbags. Ready-to-wear has rather different connotations in the spheres of fashion and classic clothing, in the fashion industry, designers produce ready-to-wear clothing, intended to be worn without significant alteration because clothing made to standard sizes fits most people. They use standard patterns, factory equipment, and faster construction techniques to keep costs low, some fashion houses and fashion designers produce mass-produced and industrially manufactured ready-to-wear lines but others offer garments that are not unique but are produced in limited numbers. The Bread & Butter in Berlin is considered to be the worlds most important trade fair for ready-to-wear fashion, due to technological advances, military uniforms were the first ready-to-wear garments to be mass-produced during the War of 1812. Before, women would alter their previously styled clothing in order to stay up to date with fashion trends, the widespread adoption of ready-to wear clothing reflected a variety of factors including economic disparities, a desire for an independent fashion industry, and an increase in media attention. Another significant factor created by the industry was the US development of a style independent from Europe. Ready-to-wear also sparked new interests in health, beauty, and diet as manufactured clothing set specific, women of larger sizes had difficulties finding apparel in department stores, as most manufacturers maintained and sold the limited sizes across the nation. Overall ready-to-wear fashion exposed women to the newest styles and fashion trends, the ready-to-wear fashion revolution led to an expansion of the US fashion industry that made fashionable apparel accessible, cost effective, and commensurable. The construction of clothing is also held to a different standard than that of haute couture due to its industrial nature. High-end ready-to-wear lines are based upon a famous gown or other pattern that is then duplicated and advertised to raise the visibility of the designer. In high-end fashion, ready-to-wear collections are presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as Fashion Week. Smaller lines including the Cruise and Pre-Fall collections, which add to the value of a brand, are presented separately at the fashion designers discretion. Ready-to-wear fashion weeks occur separately and earlier than those of haute couture
Ready-to-wear
–
Ready to wear clothing display
23.
Edward Rayne
–
Edward Rayne – later Sir Edward Rayne – was head of H. & M. Rayne, one of the foremost British manufacturers of high-end and couture shoes. With a Royal Warrant to both the Queen and Queen Mother, Rayne shoes were worn by society and film stars. Having served an apprenticeship in making shoes at the family firm. As Eddie Rayne, he was a bridge player, representing England at the age of 21. An interview shortly before he took up his role as chairman of the BFC also noted his facility with other card games, as a colleague said, Nobody beats Eddie at poker. Edward Rayne was born in the United States – his mother Meta came from New York State and met his British father Joseph Rayne in Italy, where she was training to be an opera singer. Joseph Rayne was heir to the side of the family business. Opening a store in Bond Street in 1920, Joseph cashed in on the trend for shoes as a fashion item, Edward Rayne was educated at Harrow School but left at the age of 16 because his eyesight was threatened by cataracts in both eyes. His sight was saved following surgery, physical comparisons were also drawn with Sergeant Bilko. He was excused from service in the war because of this. His obituary in The Times noted that he would arrive at 7. 45am every morning in order to learn the 200 steps required to make a pair of high-end shoes. Joseph Rayne died in 1952 and, at the age of 29 and he had inherited a company that was very much part of the British society dress code. It had acquired the first of its Royal Warrants to Queen Mary, a pair of flat pumps with a bow originally designed for the actress Gertrude Lawrence remained the companys bestselling line for 50 years, worn by society and theatricals alike. Rayne still designed shoes himself – his ebony brown patent leather design was mentioned in a Times report about the fashion show of IncSoc members. Rayne was, by then both chair and associate member of the group of elite London couturiers and he was appointed a member of the Export Council for Europe in 1961. Rayne enlisted the help of leading stage designer Oliver Messel for the new Delman shoe store that opened in Old Bond Street in 1960. An article by Alison Settle in The Observer noted that, Mr Messel and Mr Rayne are at one in thinking that shoes to buy should be as easy to see and he continued the Rayne brands reputation for luxury, Princess Margarets white satin wedding shoes were all Rayne models. By 1960, the shoes designed by Roger Vivier for Dior were made at Raynes UK factory and he also gained a foothold in the mass market, ensuring the company had an interest in both H. E
Edward Rayne
–
Edward Rayne in 1975.
24.
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
–
There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British honours. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards. Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. In particular, King George V wished to create an Order to honour many thousands of those who had served in a variety of non-combatant roles during the First World War, when first established, the Order had only one division. However, in 1918, soon after its foundation, it was divided into Military. The Orders motto is For God and the Empire, at the foundation of the Order, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the British Empire Medal, in addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. The British monarch is Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all members of the Order. The next most senior member is the Grand Master, of whom there have been three, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Mary, and the current Grand Master, the Duke of Edinburgh. The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross,845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the number of members of the fourth and fifth classes. Foreign recipients, as members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Though men can be knighted separately from an order of chivalry, women cannot, and so the rank of Knight/Dame Commander of the Order is the lowest rank of damehood, and second-lowest of knighthood. Because of this, Dame Commander is awarded in circumstances in which a man would be created a Knight Bachelor, for example, by convention, female judges of the High Court of Justice are created Dames Commander after appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor. The Order has six officials, the Prelate, the Dean, the Secretary, the Registrar, the King of Arms, the Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Orders Prelate. The Dean of St Pauls is ex officio the Dean of the Order, the Orders King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. From time to time, individuals are appointed to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
–
Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
–
MBE as awarded in 1918
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
–
Close up of an MBE from 1945 showing the "For God and the Empire"
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
–
Lieutenant General Sir
Robert Fulton, KBE
25.
Sophie, Countess of Wessex
–
Sophie, Countess of Wessex, GCVO, is the wife of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, the youngest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Married in 1999, she worked in public relations until 2002, the Earl and Countess have two children, James, Viscount Severn, and Lady Louise Windsor, who are respectively tenth and eleventh in line to the British throne. She has a brother, David, and was named after her fathers sister, Helen. Her godfather, actor Thane Bettany, is her fathers stepbrother, Sophie was raised in a four-bedroom 17th-century farmhouse in Brenchley, Kent. She then trained as a secretary at West Kent College, Tonbridge and she also worked as a ski representative in Switzerland and spent a year travelling and working in Australia. In 1996, Rhys-Jones launched her public relations agency, RJH Public Relations, while working at Capital Radio, Sophie met Prince Edward, the youngest son of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, for the first time in 1987 when he was dating her friend. She met Prince Edward again at a charity event in 1993, and their engagement was announced on 6 January 1999. Edward proposed to Sophie with an engagement ring featuring a two-carat oval diamond flanked by two heart-shaped gemstones set in 18-carat white gold and this engagement ring was made by Asprey and Garrard and is worth an estimated £105,000. Following their union, the moved to Bagshot Park, their home in Surrey. The Earl and Countess have two children, Lady Louise Windsor and James, Viscount Severn, in December 2001, the Countess was taken to the King Edward VII Hospital after feeling unwell. It was discovered that she was suffering from an ectopic pregnancy, the Countess returned to Frimley Park Hospital on 17 December 2007, to give birth, again by caesarean section, to her son, James, Viscount Severn. The Countess of Wessexs first overseas tour after her marriage was to the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island in 2000 and she also became patron of a number of organisations, including the SAFC Foundation and Girlguiding UK. In 2003, she became Patron of Tomorrows People Trust, in 2006, she also lent her support to the Born in Bradford research project, which is investigating causes of low birth weight and infant mortality. In December 2011, the Countess of Wessex joined her husband visiting troops in Afghanistan, on the same trip, the royal couple visited Bahrain, and received two gifts of jewels from the Bahraini royal family and Prime Minister. Given concern about human rights abuses in Bahrain, this gift attracted controversy, with calls for the jewels to be sold, on 26 March 2015, she attended the reburial of Richard III of England in Leicester Cathedral. Buckingham Palace immediately issued a statement saying, This mornings story in The Sun is an invasion of privacy. Prime Minister Tony Blair also condemned the publication of the photograph, the Palace made an official complaint to the Press Complaints Commission. According to Sophies business partner the incident had left her distressed, tarrant later said, There was never, ever the slightest hint of romance between Sophie and myself, let alone these snidey insinuations
Sophie, Countess of Wessex
–
The Countess at the
wedding of Princess Madeleine of Sweden and Christopher O'Neill in Stockholm, June 2013
Sophie, Countess of Wessex
–
The Countess at the England vs Germany
2010 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy Bronze Medal Match
Sophie, Countess of Wessex
–
The Earl and Countess of Wessex at
Trooping the Colour in June 2013
Sophie, Countess of Wessex
–
Sophie
dressed as
Honorary Air Commodore on a visit to
Kandahar
26.
Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton
–
The wedding of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine Middleton took place on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey in London, United Kingdom. The bride, Catherine Kate Middleton is the eldest of three children of Michael and Carole Middleton of Bucklebury Manor at Pease Hill, Berkshire, Williams best man was his brother, Prince Harry, while the brides sister, Pippa, was maid of honour. The ceremony was attended by the brides and grooms families, as well as members of royal dynasties, diplomats. After the ceremony, the made the traditional appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace. As Prince William was not the apparent to the throne. Prince William and Kate Middleton met in 2001 and their engagement on 20 October 2010 was announced on 16 November 2010. The build-up to the wedding and the occasion itself attracted much media attention, the occasion was a public holiday in the United Kingdom and featured many ceremonial aspects, including use of the state carriages and roles for the Foot Guards and Household Cavalry. The ceremony was viewed live by tens of millions more around the world, in the United Kingdom, television audiences peaked at 26.3 million viewers, with a total of 36.7 million watching part of the coverage. Prince William is the son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales. As such, he is second, after his father, in the line of succession to the thrones of 16 independent states known as the Commonwealth realms, before the service, the Queen conferred upon William the titles Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, and Baron Carrickfergus. Upon her marriage, Middleton therefore became Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge and he later transferred to the RAF and went on to become a full-time pilot with the Search and Rescue Force at RAF Valley, Anglesey. Catherine Kate Middleton is the eldest of three born to Michael and Carole Middleton. She was educated at St Andrews Private School in Pangbourne, Marlborough College, after graduating, she worked in retail and then as an accessories buyer/catalogue photographer at her parents business. She is primarily of English descent, but with a few distant Scottish and her father, Michael Middleton, hails from an old and wealthy Yorkshire family with ties to British aristocracy. Her Middleton relatives were reported as having played host to British royalty as long ago as 1926 and her mothers maternal family, the Harrisons, were working-class labourers and miners from County Durham. The couple met while undergraduates at St Andrews, where both lived at St Salvators Hall during their first year, after which they shared accommodation in the town for two years. On 16 November 2010, Clarence House stated that Prince William was to marry Catherine Middleton in the Spring or Summer of 2011, in London. It was announced at approximately the time that, after their marriage, the couple would live on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales
Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton
–
The
Duke and
Duchess of Cambridge waving to the crowd at
The Mall shortly after the wedding.
Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton
–
Days before the wedding, dozens of
Union Flags were hung in
Regent Street
Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton
–
On the evening of the wedding, the
London Eye was lit in the colours of the Union Flag
Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton
–
Invitation to the wedding
27.
King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
–
Willem-Alexander is the King of the Netherlands. Willem-Alexander was born in Utrecht and is the oldest child of Beatrix of the Netherlands and he became Prince of Orange as heir apparent upon his mothers accession on 30 April 1980, and succeeded her following her abdication on 30 April 2013. He went to primary and secondary schools, served in the Royal Netherlands Navy. He married Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti in 2002 and they have three daughters, Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange, Princess Alexia, and Princess Ariane, Willem-Alexander is interested in sports and international water management issues. At the age of 49, he is currently the second youngest monarch in Europe after Felipe VI of Spain, Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand was born on 27 April 1967 in the University Hospital Utrecht, Now is University Medical Center Utrecht in Utrecht, Netherlands. He is the first child of Princess Beatrix and Prince Claus, and he was the first male Dutch royal baby since the birth of Prince Alexander in 1851, and the first immediate male heir since Alexanders death in 1884. From birth, Willem-Alexander has held the titles Prince of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau and he was baptised as a member of the Dutch Reformed Church on 2 September 1967 in Saint Jacobs Church in The Hague. He had two brothers, Prince Friso and Prince Constantijn. He lived with his family at the castle Drakensteyn in the hamlet Lage Vuursche near Baarn from his birth until 1981 and his mother Beatrix became Queen of the Netherlands in 1980, after his grandmother Juliana abdicated. He then received the title of Prince of Orange as heir apparent to the throne of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Willem-Alexander attended Nieuwe Baarnse Elementary School in Baarn from 1973 to 1979. After his military service from 1985 to 1987, Willem-Alexander studied History at Leiden University from 1987 onwards and his final thesis was on the Dutch response to Frances decision under President Charles de Gaulle to leave the NATOs integrated command structure. Willem-Alexander speaks English, Spanish and German in addition to his native Dutch, between secondary school and his university education, Willem-Alexander performed military service in the Royal Netherlands Navy from August 1985 until January 1987. He received his training at the Royal Netherlands Naval College and the frigates HNLMS Tromp and HNLMS Abraham Crijnssen, in 1988 he received additional training at the ship HNLMS Van Kinsbergen and became a lieutenant. As a reservist for the Royal Netherlands Navy, Willem-Alexander was promoted to Lieutenant Commander in 1995, Commander in 1997, Captain at Sea in 2001, and Commodore in 2005. As a reservist for the Royal Netherlands Army, he was made a Major in 1995, and was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 1997, Colonel in 2001, and Brigadier General in 2005. As a reservist for the Royal Netherlands Air Force, he was made Squadron Leader in 1995, as a reservist for the Royal Marechaussee, he was made Brigadier General in 2005. Before his investiture as king in 2013, Willem-Alexander was honorably discharged from the armed forces, the government declared that the head of state cannot be a serving member of the armed forces, since the government itself holds supreme command over the armed forces. As king, Willem-Alexander may choose to wear a uniform with royal insignia
King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
–
Willem-Alexander in 2015
King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
–
Prince Willem-Alexander (left) at age 14 and his brother
Constantijn in 1982
King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
–
Willem-Alexander in the navy uniform of
Sub-lieutenant in 1986
King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
–
Prince Willem-Alexander and
Princess Máxima meet
Michelle Obama, Susan Sher,
Barack Obama and
Fay Hartog-Levin at the
White House in 2009.
28.
Conservative Party (UK)
–
The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a political party in the United Kingdom. It is currently the party, having won a majority of seats in the House of Commons at the 2015 general election. The partys leader, Theresa May, is serving as Prime Minister. It is the largest party in government with 8,702 councillors. The Conservative Party is one of the two major political parties in the United Kingdom, the other being its modern rival. The Conservative Partys platform involves support for market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defence, deregulation. In the 1920s, the Liberal vote greatly diminished and the Labour Party became the Conservatives main rivals, Conservative Prime Ministers led governments for 57 years of the twentieth century, including Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. Thatchers tenure led to wide-ranging economic liberalisation, the Conservative Partys domination of British politics throughout the twentieth century has led to them being referred to as one of the most successful political parties in the Western world. The Conservatives are the joint-second largest British party in the European Parliament, with twenty MEPs, the party is a member of the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe Europarty and the International Democrat Union. The party is the second-largest in the Scottish Parliament and the second-largest in the Welsh Assembly, the party is also organised in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The Conservative Party traces its origins to a faction, rooted in the 18th century Whig Party and they were known as Independent Whigs, Friends of Mr Pitt, or Pittites. After Pitts death the term Tory came into use and this was an allusion to the Tories, a political grouping that had existed from 1678, but which had no organisational continuity with the Pittite party. From about 1812 on the name Tory was commonly used for the newer party, the term Conservative was suggested as a title for the party by a magazine article by J. Wilson Croker in the Quarterly Review in 1830. The name immediately caught on and was adopted under the aegis of Sir Robert Peel around 1834. Peel is acknowledged as the founder of the Conservative Party, which he created with the announcement of the Tamworth Manifesto, the term Conservative Party rather than Tory was the dominant usage by 1845. In 1912, the Liberal Unionists merged with the Conservative Party, in Ireland, the Irish Unionist Alliance had been formed in 1891 which merged anti-Home Rule Unionists into one political movement. Its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster, and in essence formed the Irish wing of the party until 1922. The Conservatives served with the Liberals in an all-party coalition government during World War I, keohane finds that the Conservatives were bitterly divided before 1914, especially on the issue of Irish Unionism and the experience of three consecutive election losses
Conservative Party (UK)
–
Sir Robert Peel, twice
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and founder of the Conservative Party, as well as the 'most considered' first Prime Minister of the UK.
Conservative Party (UK)
–
Conservative Party
Conservative Party (UK)
–
Sir Winston Churchill, twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Conservative Party (UK)
–
1929 poster attacking the
Labour Party
29.
Virtual International Authority File
–
The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transitions to a service of the OCLC on April 4,2012, the aim is to link the national authority files to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together, a VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary see and see also records from the original records, and refers to the original authority records. The data are available online and are available for research and data exchange. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting protocol, the file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata. VIAFs clustering algorithm is run every month, as more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records
Virtual International Authority File
–
Screenshot 2012
30.
Netherlands Institute for Art History
–
The Netherlands Institute for Art History or RKD is located in The Hague and is home to the largest art history center in the world. The center specializes in documentation, archives, and books on Western art from the late Middle Ages until modern times, all of this is open to the public, and much of it has been digitized and is available on their website. The main goal of the bureau is to collect, categorize, via the available databases, the visitor can gain insight into archival evidence on the lives of many artists of past centuries. The library owns approximately 450,000 titles, of which ca.150,000 are auction catalogs, there are ca.3,000 magazines, of which 600 are currently running subscriptions. Though most of the text is in Dutch, the record format includes a link to library entries and images of known works. The RKD also manages the Dutch version of the Art and Architecture Thesaurus, the original version is an initiative of the Getty Research Institute in Los Angeles, California. Their bequest formed the basis for both the art collection and the library, which is now housed in the Koninklijke Bibliotheek. Though not all of the holdings have been digitised, much of its metadata is accessible online. The website itself is available in both a Dutch and an English user interface, in the artist database RKDartists, each artist is assigned a record number. To reference an artist page directly, use the code listed at the bottom of the record, usually of the form, https, for example, the artist record number for Salvador Dalí is 19752, so his RKD artist page can be referenced. In the images database RKDimages, each artwork is assigned a record number, to reference an artwork page directly, use the code listed at the bottom of the record, usually of the form, https, //rkd. nl/en/explore/images/ followed by the artworks record number. For example, the record number for The Night Watch is 3063. The Art and Architecture Thesaurus also assigns a record for each term, rather, they are used in the databases and the databases can be searched for terms. For example, the painting called The Night Watch is a militia painting, the thesaurus is a set of general terms, but the RKD also contains a database for an alternate form of describing artworks, that today is mostly filled with biblical references. To see all images that depict Miriams dance, the associated iconclass code 71E1232 can be used as a search term. Official website Direct link to the databases The Dutch version of the Art and Architecture Thesaurus
Netherlands Institute for Art History
–
As the logos on the window show, the RKD shares the same building located at
Den Haag Centraal with the National Archives, the Nederlands Letterkundig Museum (nl) (LM), the
Huygens ING, the
Netherlands Music Institute (NMI) and the
Koninklijke Bibliotheek.
