1.
Patriot League
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The Patriot League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising private institutions of higher education and two United States service academies based in the Northeastern United States. All 10 core members participate in the NCAAs Division I for all Patriot League sports that they offer, since not all schools sponsor every available NCAA sport, such as ice hockey and wrestling, most schools are affiliated with other collegiate conferences. Additionally, the Patriot League has an arrangement for football. Army is an Independent in the Football Bowl Subdivision, while Bucknell, Colgate, Holy Cross, Lafayette, American, Boston University and Loyola Maryland do not sponsor football. As of the 2015 season, Navy plays FBS football in the American Athletic Conference, three other private institutions are Patriot League members only for specific sports and are referred to as Patriot League associate members. Fordham University and Georgetown University are associate members in football, while MIT is a member in womens rowing. Patriot League members are schools with strong academic reputations that adhere strongly to the ideal of the scholar-athlete. An academic index ensures that athletes are truly representative of and integrated with the rest of the student body, out-of-league play for Patriot League schools is often with members of the Ivy League, which follow similar philosophies regarding academics and athletics. Patriot League members have some of the oldest collegiate athletic programs in the country, in particular, The Rivalry between Lehigh University and Lafayette College is both the nations most played and longest uninterrupted college football series. The winner of the Patriot League Basketball tournament receives an invitation to the NCAA Division I Basketball Tournament every March. In recent years, Bucknell and Lehigh have both won NCAA tournament games, the Patriot League champion in a number of other sports also receives an automatic invitation to its respective NCAA tournaments. The origins of the Patriot League began after the eight Ivy League schools each expanded its football schedules to ten games starting in 1980, the result was the Colonial League, a football-only circuit that began competition in 1986. In 1990, the changed its name to the Patriot League at the suggestion of Carl F. Ullrich. In 1991, the league gained a full member — the United States Naval Academy. In 1993, the league hired Constance H. Hurlbut as executive director and she was the first woman and youngest person to be the leader of an NCAA Division I conference. In 1995, Fordham resigned its membership but continued as an associate member in football. In 1996, Fairfield and Ursinus joined as members in field hockey. In 1997, Towson joined as a member in football
2.
Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
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Lewisburg is a borough in Union County, Pennsylvania, United States,30 miles south by southeast of Williamsport and 60 miles north of Harrisburg. In the past, it was the center for a fertile grain. The population was 5,620 at the 2000 census and it is the county seat of Union County. Located in central Pennsylvania, on the West Branch Susquehanna River and it is home to Bucknell University and is near the Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary. Its 19th-century downtown is on the National Register of Historic Places, Lewisburg is the principal city of the Lewisburg, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, and is also part of the larger Bloomsburg-Berwick-Sunbury, PA Combined Statistical Area. Lewisburg was founded in 1785 by Ludwig Derr, a settler of the area, Derr had purchased several tracts of land from the William Penn family and other neighboring land owners, the largest of which was known as The Prescott. Having been on the land for such a time, Derr had befriended the local Native Americans of the area. Subsequently, in 1784, he worked with Samuel Weiser to lay out his combined land tracts, the name was later changed to Lewisburgh when Union County was separated from Snyder County. Much has been considered regarding how the name changed from Derrstown to Lewisburg, the most likely truth is that Derrs first name Ludwig translated into English as Louis but, being of German descent, it was spelled Lewis. Later, after Derrs death, the traditional Germanic burgh was appended to his first name to create Lewisburgh, note, U. S. Postal Service records contradict this story. The post office was named Lewisburgh when it was established in 1796, in 1893, the street names that run east and west are a local urban mystery. St. George, St. Catherine, and St. Louis etc. appear to be named for saints, however, since Derr was a Lutheran, and did not pay homage to Catholic saints, this is unlikely. George was Ludwigs son, his wife Catherine and Ludwig/Lewis himself, the other original street names that still exist are St. John, St. Mary and St. Anthony, which are probably the names of other children from families with whom Derrs own family were friends. However, there is an indication that Derr also had a daughter named Mary, overall, however, the premise is further supported by the notion that the German word for street is Strasse. At the time, street names were pronounced as Strasse Mary or Strasse George, later, when signs were made to note the street names, the abbreviation for Strasse was allowed to remain, but the US/English abbreviation was redundantly added to the signs. The second mystery surrounding Lewisburg is the disappearance of its founder Ludwig Derr, after selling several lots of land, Derr set off for Philadelphia to sell additional lots. Shortly after arriving, records some of his lots had sold. However, Ludwig Derr simply disappears from history in that city, Derrs son George went to Philadelphia to search for his father, but returned a short time later, unsuccessful
3.
East Coast Conference (Division I)
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The East Coast Conference was an NCAA Division I college athletic conference. It was founded as the university division of the Middle Atlantic Conference in 1958, the MAC consisted of over 30 teams at that time, making it impossible to organize full league schedules in sports like football, basketball, and baseball. In 1958, the larger schools created their own mini-conference, consisting of 11 members, in 1974, the larger schools in the MAC officially formed the East Coast Conference. During the 1974-75 through 1981-82 seasons, the ECC enjoyed a consistent membership of 12 teams and that stability was rocked when St. Josephs, Temple, and West Chester departed in the summer of 1982, while Towson was added, trimming the league to 10 programs. Over the next two years, La Salle and American also said goodbye, cutting the roster to 8, the winds of realignment would sweep across intercollegiate athletics in full force as the next decade dawned. Bucknell, Lafayette, and Lehigh left to form the Patriot League in 1990, while Delaware. Attempting to stem the tide, the ECC added UMBC and Central Connecticut in 1990, followed by Division I newcomers Buffalo, more erosion ensued as Rider, Towson, and UMBC moved to other leagues after the 1991-92 campaign, while Brooklyn suspended its entire athletic department. This reduced the ECC to just 3 members -- Hofstra, Central Connecticut, unable to move elsewhere themselves, that trio made one last salvage effort. Spreading far and wide, Chicago State, Northeastern Illinois, and Troy State were enlisted, finally, the ECC was absorbed by the Mid-Continent Conference in the summer of 1994, although Hofstra instead decided to join the North Atlantic Conference. None of the 5 ECC institutions which entered the Mid-Con at that time remain in the league today, according to the Middle Atlantic States Collegiate Athletic Corporations web site, the East Coast Conference was not a successor to the MAC. June 4–6,1974 - The first major schism to be focused on this study occurs when the MAC University Division, with 12 members, loses 11 members, who leave to form their own conference. American, Bucknell, Delaware, Drexel, Lafayette, La Salle, Lehigh, Rider, St. Josephs, Temple, gettysburg, which opts to join the College Division, is the only University Division institution to remain
4.
Bucknell University
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Bucknell University is a private liberal arts college located alongside the West Branch Susquehanna River in the town of Lewisburg, in central Pennsylvania, United States. The university consists of the College of Arts and Sciences, School of Management, and it offers nearly 50 majors and over 60 minors. It is primarily a school, and has about 50 graduate students. Students come from all 50 states and from more than 66 countries, Bucknell has nearly 200 student organizations and a large Greek presence. The schools mascot is Bucky the Bison and the school is a member of the Patriot League in NCAA Division I athletics, more than 4,000 subscribers ultimately contributed, including a small boy who gave 12 cents. In 1846, the school preparatory to the University opened in the basement of the First Baptist Church in Lewisburg, known originally as the Lewisburg High School, it became in 1848 the Academical and Primary Department of the University at Lewisburg. In 1850, the department moved into the first building completed on campus, built for $8,000, the building housed both womens and mens studies until the opening of the Female Institute in 1852. While studying together, women were required to face east while men faced west, the schools first commencement was held on August 20,1851, for a graduation class of seven men. Among the board members attending was James Buchanan, who would become the 15th President of the United States, stephen Taylor officiated as his last act before assuming office as president of Madison University. One day earlier, the trustees had elected Howard Malcom as the first president of the university, although the Female Institute began instruction in 1852, it wasn’t until 1883 that college courses were opened to women. Bucknell, though, was committed to educational opportunities for women. Within five years of opening, enrollment had grown so sharply that the university built a new hall–Larison Hall–to accommodate the Female Institute, women could venture into town only in the company of a female teacher who had a minimum of six years’ experience in handling girls. In 1881, facing dire financial circumstances, the university turned to William Bucknell and his donation of $50,000 saved the university from ruin. In 1886, in recognition of Bucknells support of the school, Bucknell Hall, the first of several buildings given to the university by Bucknell, was initially a chapel and for more than a half century the site of student theatrical and musical performances. Today, it houses the Stadler Center for Poetry, the 40 years from 1890 until 1930 saw a steady increase in the number of faculty members and students. When the Depression brought a drop in enrollment in 1933, several members of the faculty were loaned to found a new institution, Bucknell Junior College in Wilkes-Barre, today, that institution is a four-year university, Wilkes University, independent of Bucknell since 1947. Significant new construction in the 1970s included the Elaine Langone Center, the Gerhard Fieldhouse, during the early 1980s, the capacity of the Bertrand Library was doubled and facilities for engineering were substantially renovated. In 1988, the Weis Center for the Performing Arts was completed, New facilities for the sciences included the renovation of the Olin Science Building, the construction of the Rooke Chemistry Building in 1990 and the completion of a new Biology Building in 1991
5.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
6.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
7.
NCAA Division I
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
8.
NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
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The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and was the idea of Ohio State University coach Harold Olsen. Played mostly during March, it has one of the most famous annual sporting events in the United States. The tournament teams include champions from 32 Division I conferences, and 36 teams which are awarded at-large berths, the 68 teams are divided into four regions and organized into a single-elimination bracket, which pre-determines, when a team wins a game, which team it will face next. Each team is seeded, or ranked, within its region from 1 to 32, after an initial four games between eight lower-ranked teams, the tournament occurs during the course of three weekends, at pre-selected neutral sites across the United States. The Final Four is usually played during the first weekend of April and these four teams, one from each region, compete in a pre-selected location for the national championship. The tournament has been at least partially televised since 1969, currently, the games are broadcast by CBS, TBS, TNT, and truTV under the trade-name NCAA March Madness. Since 2011, all games are available for viewing nationwide and internationally, such as in the Philippines, as television coverage has grown, so too has the tournaments popularity. Currently, millions of Americans fill out a bracket, attempting to predict the outcome of all 67 games of the tournament. With 11 national titles, UCLA has the record for the most NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championships, the University of Kentucky is second, with eight national titles. The University of North Carolina is in place, with six titles, while Duke University. The University of Connecticut is sixth with four national titles, the University of Kansas and University of Louisville are tied with three championships. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, the NCAA has changed the tournament format several times since its inception, most often representing an increase of the number of teams. This section describes the tournament as it has operated since 2011, for changes during the course of its history, and to see how the tournament operated during past years, go to Format history, below. A total of 68 teams qualify for the tournament played during March, thirty-two teams earn automatic bids as their respective conference champions. Of the 32 Division I all-sports conferences, all 32 currently hold championship tournaments to determine which team receives the automatic qualification. The Ivy League was the last Division I conference that did not conduct a tournament, through the 2015–16 season, if two or more Ivies shared a regular-season championship, a one-game playoff was used to decide the tournament participant. Since 2017, the league conducts their own postseason tournament, the committee also determines where all sixty-eight teams are seeded and placed in the bracket. The tournament is divided into four regions and each region has at least sixteen teams, the committee is charged with making each of the four regions as close as possible in overall quality of teams from wherever they come from
9.
Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball
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The Kansas Jayhawks mens basketball program is the intercollegiate mens basketball program of the University of Kansas. It is one of the oldest and is one of the most successful programs in the history of basketball, the program is classified in the NCAAs Division I and the team competes in the Big 12 Conference. The Jayhawks first coach was the inventor of the game, James Naismith, Allen founded the National Association of Basketball Coaches and, with Lonborg, was an early proponent of the NCAA tournament. In 2008, ESPN ranked Kansas second on a list of the most prestigious programs of the college basketball era. The program ranks third in Division I all-time winning percentage and second in Division I all-time wins, following a 19–11 defeat of William Jewell on February 10,1908, the Jayhawks had a winning all-time record for the first time. The Jayhawks havent had a losing record since. Since the opening of Allen Fieldhouse in 1955, the Jayhawks have established a record of 750–109. Under head coach Bill Self, the Jayhawks have a 212–10 record at Allen Fieldhouse, which includes win streaks of 69,33, Kansas ranks second all-time in NCAA Division I wins with 2,198 wins, against 837 losses. This record includes a 750–109 mark at historic Allen Fieldhouse, the Jayhawks are first in NCAA history with 97 winning seasons, and tied for first in NCAA history with 100 non-losing seasons with Kentucky. Kansas has the fewest head coaches of any program that has been around 100 years, every head coach at Kansas since the inception of the NCAA Tournament has led the program to the Final Four. Kansas has had four head coaches inducted into the Naismith Hall of Fame, a perennial conference powerhouse, Kansas leads Division I all-time in regular season conference titles with 60 in 110 years of conference play through the 2016–17 regular season. The Jayhawks have won a record 17 conference titles and a record 10 conference tournament titles in the 21 years of the Big 12s existence. The program also owns the best Big 12 records in both areas with a 274–57 record in conference play and a 41–10 record in tournament play. The mens basketball program began in 1898, following the arrival of Dr. James Naismith to the school. Naismith was not initially hired to coach basketball, but rather to be a chapel director, other common opponents were Haskell Institute and William Jewell College. Under Naismith, the team played just one game against a current Big 12 school, Naismith was, ironically, the only coach in the programs history to have a losing record. Including his years as coach, Naismith served as the Athletic Director, Naismith died in 1939, and his remains are buried in Lawrence, Kansas. The basketball court in Allen Fieldhouse is named James Naismith Court, on December 10,2010, the David Booth family purchased Dr. James Naismiths 13 Original Rules of the game at a Sothebys auction in New York City for the sum of $4.3 million
10.
Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball
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The Arkansas Razorbacks basketball team represents the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States in NCAA Division I mens basketball competition. The schools team competes in the Southeastern Conference. The team last played in the NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament in 2017 and they lost in the second round to the University of North Carolina. The basketball team plays its games in Bud Walton Arena on the University of Arkansas campus. Under the coaching leadership of Nolan Richardson, the Hogs won the championship in 1994, defeating Duke, and appeared in the championship game the following year. The Razorbacks have made NCAA Final Four appearances in 1941,1945,1978,1990,1994, Arkansas had a relatively late start in basketball, it did not field its first team in the sport until 1924. Francis Schmidt coached the Razorbacks from the 1924 season until the 1929 season, in the 1930 season, Charles Bassett took over as head coach. He would coach until the 1933 season, Arkansas finished first in the Southwest Conference during his first year, but would not finish above third place for the rest of his reign. After 4 seasons, his record was 62-29. Glen Rose took over in the 1934 season and would leave after the 1942 season, the Razorbacks took first place in the Southwest Conference outright three times and tied for first twice more during this nine-year run. In the 1941 season, Rose led Arkansas to the NCAA Final Four, eugene Lambert took the helm for the 1943 season and would last until the 1949 season. During these four seasons, Arkansas tied for first place of the Southwest conference twice, Arkansas was selected for the NCAA tournament in the 1944 season, but had to withdraw after two of their players were involved in a car accident. The next year they were selected again and would make it to the Final Four and they would not make the tournament again, however until the 1949 season when they reached the NCAA Regional. Presley Askew would take over in 1950 and would only last until 1952, Arkansas would tie for first place in the Southwest conference in his first season, but would get progressively worse. The Razorbacks would not make the NCAA tournament during this tenure, glen Rose would take back over in 1953 and would last until 1966. Roses overall record for his time at Arkansas was 325-204, duddy Waller would become head coach for the 1966-67 season, but only lasted until the 1970-71 season. His overall record during his 4 seasons was 31-64, which was the worst overall winning percentage, at 0.326, Waller was replaced by Lanny Van Eman, who lasted from the 1970-71 season through the 1973-74 season. Van Eman finished his career at Arkansas with a 48-56 record, Arkansas failed to finish above second place under during the tenure of these 2 coaches, and would not receive any invitations to the NCAA tournament
11.
2005 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
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The 2005 NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament involved 65 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of mens NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 15,2005, and ended with the game on April 4 at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis. North Carolina emerged as the champions for a fourth time. North Carolinas Sean May was named the tournaments Most Outstanding Player, coach Roy Williams won his first national championship. For the first time since 1999, when Weber State defeated North Carolina, a #13 seed, Vermont, advanced by defeating Syracuse in the first round and a #12 seed, Wisconsin-Milwaukee, advanced to the Sweet Sixteen in the Chicago region. A total of 65 teams entered the tournament, thirty of the teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. The automatic bid of the Ivy League, which does not conduct a tournament, went to its regular season champion. The remaining 34 teams were granted at-large bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. Two teams played a game, popularly called the play-in game. This game has played at the University of Dayton Arena in Dayton. All 64 teams were seeded 1 to 16 within their regionals, the Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 65. The 2005 regionals, along with their top seeds, are listed below, Chicago Regional Albuquerque Regional Syracuse Regional Austin Regional Each regional winner advanced to the Final Four, held April 2–4 in St. Louis. The 2005 play-in game was played on Tuesday, March 15, at the University of Dayton Arena in Dayton, Ohio, Louis, Missouri, hosted by the Missouri Valley Conference. The semi-final games were held on April 2 and the final on April 4,2005, Nevada 61, Texas 57 Down 57–53 with 2,24 to play, the Wolf Pack of Nevada came from behind to win despite a sub-par game from star Nick Fazekas. March 17, Wolstein Center, Cleveland Milwaukee 83, Alabama 73 The Horizon League champion Panthers pulled the upset behind 21 points apiece from Ed McCants and Joah Tucker. March 17, Taco Bell Arena, Boise UAB82, LSU68 UAB led throughout with Marvett McDonald scoring 21 points, Arizona 66, Utah State 53 Arizona started slow, but secured the win led by Channing Frye and Salim Stoudamire each scoring 17 points. March 18, Ford Center, Oklahoma City Southern Illinois 65, Oklahoma State 63, SE Louisiana 50 Oklahoma State jumped out to a 9-point halftime lead and built on it from there behind Ivan McFarlins 18 points. March 17, Taco Bell Arena, Boise Washington 88, Montana 77 Top-seeded Washington easily advanced, Pacific 79, Pittsburgh 71 Pacific nearly squandered a 15-point lead, letting Pittsburgh get within 5, but hung on to advance behind 17 from Christian Maraker and 15 from Mike Webb
12.
2006 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
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It began on March 14,2006, and concluded on April 3 at the RCA Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana. None of the Tournaments top seeds advanced to the Final Four, for the second time in history, a team seeded 11th advanced to the Final Four as George Mason of the Colonial Athletic Association won the Washington, D. C. region. Florida won their first ever national championship by defeating UCLA 73–57 in the final game. Floridas Joakim Noah was named the Most Outstanding Player of the NCAA Tournament, George Masons run was one of several upsets by lower-seeded teams in the tournament. For the second year, a No.14 seed beat a No.3 seed as Northwestern State defeated Iowa. No.13 seed Bradley also defeated No.4 seed Kansas, 5-seeded Pittsburgh in the Second Round. Two No.12 seeds won as well, as Montana, for the second straight year, Milwaukee won as a double-digit seed, this time as the No. 11-seeded Panthers defeated Oklahoma in the First Round, a total of 65 teams were selected to participate in the tournament. Of that total,31 of the teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments, penn earned an automatic bid by winning the regular-season title of the Ivy League, which did not conduct a conference tournament. The remaining 34 teams were granted at-large bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee, monmouth defeated Hampton, 71–49, to advance to play Villanova. All teams were seeded from 1 to 16 within their regions, the Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 65. In a practice used since 2004, the ranking of the four top seeds against each other would determine the pairings in the Final Four, the top overall seed would be seeded to play the fourth overall seed in the national semifinals, should both teams advance that far. In 2006, these rankings were as follows, No.1 Duke, No.2 Connecticut, No.3 Villanova, the four regionals were officially named after the four host cities, a practice which also began in 2004. However, in 2007, the NCAA returned to naming regionals by their geographic location, *Opening Round participants – Number of asterisks denotes number of overtimes. Winner advances to Minneapolis Regional vs, *Monmouth University won the Opening Round game. The America East, Atlantic Sun, Big South, Big West, Ivy, MAAC, MAC, MEAC, Ohio Valley, SoCon, SWAC, Mid-Continent, and Sun Belt conferences all went 0–1. The columns R32, S16, E8, F4, and CG respectively stand for the Round of 32, Sweet Sixteen, Elite Eight, Final Four, and Championship Game. Both George Mason and LSU would fail to receive a bid to either the NCAA Tournament or the NIT, George Mason became the first team from a mid-major conference to reach the Final Four since the UNLVs loss to Duke in 1991
13.
2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
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The 2011 NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament was a single-elimination tournament involving 68 teams to determine the national champion of the 2010–11 NCAA Division I mens basketball season. The 73rd edition of the NCAA Tournament began on March 15,2011 and this tournament marked the introduction of the First Four round and an expansion of the field of participants from 65 teams to 68. The South and Midwest regional games were replaced by the monikers Southeast and Southwest for this tournament, due to the location of New Orleans and San Antonio. The Final Four featured no top seeds for the first time since 2006, with the highest remaining seed being West Region winner, #3 Connecticut. For the first time since 2000, a #8 seed advanced to the Final Four as Butler, for only the third time ever, a #11 seed advanced to the Final Four as Virginia Commonwealth, one of the First Four teams, won the Southwest Region. Those three teams were joined by East Region champion Kentucky, a #4 seed, Connecticut won its third national championship in the championship game by defeating Butler 53-41. The East Region saw its #11 seed, Marquette, advance to the Sweet Sixteen where they were downed by North Carolina. The Southwest Region saw four of its double digit seeds win, as VCU was joined by #12 seed and citymate Richmond, #10 seed Florida State, and #13 seed Morehead State as first round winners. Florida State, VCU, and Richmond all advanced to the Sweet Sixteen from that region, Butler and #11 seed Gonzaga advanced from the Southeast Region, with Gonzaga losing in the Round of 32 to BYU. For the third time in as many appearances, Vanderbilt suffered a defeat to a double digit seed and this time, they were defeated by Richmond as a #5 seed. The Big East had a record eleven teams make the tournament, due to having more than eight teams qualify, it was possible for intra-Big East matchups to occur in the third round. Two of these matchups did occur as Marquette defeated Syracuse in the East while Connecticut defeated Cincinnati in the West and this is a list of qualifying teams for the 2011 NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament. A total of 68 teams entered the tournament, thirty of the teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. The automatic bid of the Ivy League, which does not conduct a tournament, went to its regular season champion. The remaining 37 teams were granted at-large bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee, All teams are seeded 1 to 16 within their regionals, while the Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 68. Team names are used on ESPN. com scoreboards and team pages. Automatic bids to the tournament were granted for winning a championship tournament. Seeds listed were seeds within the conference tournaments, runners-up in bold face were given at-large berths
14.
2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
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The 2013 NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament was a single-elimination tournament that involved 68 teams playing to determine the national champion of mens NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 19,2013, and concluded with the game on April 8,2013. This was the 75th edition of the NCAA Mens Basketball Championship, selection Sunday, when CBS announced the participants and tournament brackets, occurred on March 17,2013. By winning the West Region, Wichita State became the first #9 seed, the last #9 seed to reach the Final Four was Penn, and the last MVC team to do so was Indiana State, both in 1979. Louisville defeated Michigan in the game by a final score of 82-76. The tournament featured several notable upsets, the Eagles were given the #15 seed in the South Region and defeated Georgetown in the round of 64. They followed that up by defeating #7 seed San Diego State in the round of 32, Florida Gulf Coast was defeated in their next game by Florida. Florida Gulf Coasts run was not the only upset of the tournament, for the first time since 2010, a #14 seed won as Harvard defeated New Mexico in the West Region. The same region saw #13 La Salle, who won in the round, defeat #4 Kansas State. In addition to that, the top seed, Gonzaga, was defeated in the round of 32 by eventual region winner Wichita State. The Pac-12 saw two of its schools qualify as #12 seeds and both won, in the Midwest Region, Oregon advanced to the Sweet Sixteen by defeating #5 seed Oklahoma State and #4 Saint Louis. California, who was placed in the East Region, knocked off #5 UNLV before falling to eventual region winner Syracuse, by contrast #6 seed Pac-12 team UCLA was upset by #11 seed Minnesota in their opening round matchup. With their loss to Florida Gulf Coast, Georgetown has lost to a seed in their last five NCAA tournament appearances. A notable absence from the tournament was Connecticut, who won twenty games in 2012-13, two other teams also earned their first ever NCAA Tournament victory, Ivy League champion Harvard and Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference champion North Carolina A&T. Liberty became the first 20-loss team in five years to earn an NCAA bid, having finished its season with five wins to secure the Big South championship. For the first time since 1977, the 10-member basketball selection committee did not choose a single NCAA team from the state of Texas for the tournament, for the first time since 1994, no team from Utah was selected for the tournament. For the first time since the 1987 Final Four, the Final Four did not feature any of the 5 teams with the most Final Four appearances, UCLA, Duke, North Carolina, Kansas, or Kentucky. C. J. Louisville was selected as the top seed
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2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
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The championship game was the first to be contested in a Western state since 1995 when Seattle, Washington, was the host of the Final Four for that year. A total of 68 teams entered the 2017 tournament, with all 32 conference tournament winners receiving an automatic bid, the Ivy League, which previously granted its automatic tournament bid to its regular season champion, hosted a postseason tournament to determine a conference champion for the first time. In previous years, had the Ivy League had two schools tied for first in the standings, a one-game playoff determined the automatic bid. On March 10,2016, the Ivy Leagues council of presidents approved a four-team tournament where the top four teams in the season would play on March 11 and 12 at Philadelphias Palestra. The remaining 36 teams received at-large bids which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. On January 24,2016, the NCAA announced that the Selection Committee would, for the first time, eight teams—the four lowest-seeded automatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams—played in the First Four. The winners of these advanced to the main draw of the tournament. The Selection Committee also seeded the entire field from 1 to 68, hawaii had previously been banned from entering the tournament as a penalty for infractions, but the NCAA later reversed its ban. The following 32 teams were automatic qualifiers for the 2017 NCAA field by virtue of winning their conferences automatic bid. The Record column includes wins in the First Four for the Big 12, Big West, NEC, the MEAC and Southland each had one representative, both eliminated in the First Four with a record of 0–1. CBS Sports and Turner Sports have joint U. S. television broadcast rights to the Tournament under the NCAA March Madness brand. Since 2016, rights to the Final Four and championship game alternate between Turner in even-numbered years and CBS in odd-numbered years, meaning that both rounds will air on CBS in 2017. Following criticism of the format of the 2016 edition, the Selection Sunday broadcast was shortened to 90 minutes. CBS Sports executive Harold Bryant promised that the unveiling of the bracket would be conducted in an efficient manner, and leave more time to discuss and preview the tournament
16.
2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
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The 2018 NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament will involve 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of mens NCAA Division I college basketball. It is scheduled to begin on March 13,2018 and will conclude with the game on April 2 at the Alamodome in San Antonio. Pending any changes to the current format, a total of 68 teams will enter the 2018 tournament,32 automatic bids shall be awarded to each program that wins their conferences tournament. The remaining 36 bids are at-large, with selections extended by the NCAA Selection Committee, eight teams-the four lowest-seeded automatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams-will play in the First Four. The winners of these games advance to the draw of the tournament. The Selection Committee will also seed the field from 1 to 68. com Tournament 2018 Womens National Invitation Tournament NCAA Mens Basketball Division I
17.
National Invitation Tournament
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The National Invitation Tournament is a mens college basketball tournament operated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Played at Madison Square Garden in New York City each March and April, over time it became eclipsed by the NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament – known today informally as March Madness and The Big Dance. The NIT has since been regarded more as a tournament for teams that did not receive a berth in the NCAA tournament. A second, much more recent NIT tournament is played in November, formerly the Preseason NIT, it was founded in 1985. Like the postseason NIT, its final rounds are played at Madison Square Garden, both tournaments were operated by the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Association until 2005, when they were purchased by the NCAA, and the MIBA disbanded. Unless otherwise qualified, the terms NIT or National Invitation Tournament refer to the tournament in both common and official use. The first NIT was won by the Temple University Owls over the Colorado Buffaloes and this became the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Association in 1948. Originally the tournament invited a field of 6 teams, with all games played at Madison Square Garden in downtown Manhattan. The field was expanded to 8 teams in 1941,12 in 1949,14 in 1965,16 in 1968,24 in 1979,32 in 1980, in 2007, the tournament reverted to the current 32-team format. Some conferences, such as the Southeastern Conference, were racially segregated, from its onset and at least into the mid-1950s, the NIT was regarded as the most prestigious showcase for college basketball. The winner of the National Invitation Tournament was regarded as more of a national champion than the actual, titular, national champion, several teams played in both the NIT and NCAA tournaments in the same year, beginning with Colorado and Duquesne in 1940. Colorado won the NIT in 1940 but subsequently finished fourth in the NCAA West Region, in 1949, some Kentucky players were bribed by gamblers to lose their first round game in the NIT. This same Kentucky team went on to win the NCAA, the champions of both the NCAA and NIT tournaments played each other for a few years during World War II. From 1943 to 1945, the American Red Cross sponsored a charity game between each years tournament champions to raise money for the war effort. The series was described by Ray Meyer as not just benefit games, the NCAA champion prevailed in all three games. The Helms Athletic Foundation retroactively selected the NIT champion as its champion for 1938. In 1943 the NCAA tournament moved to share Madison Square Garden with the NIT in an effort to increase the credibility of the NCAA Tournament. In 1945, The New York Times indicated that many teams could get bids to enter either tournament, the team played in the NIT instead, which it won
18.
Mike Muscala
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Michael Peter Muscala is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association. Muscala played for the Bucknell Bison mens basketball team for four seasons and he was the 2011 Patriot League Mens Basketball Player of the Year after leading the Bison to an NCAA Tournament appearance. In addition, he was named to the First Team All-Patriot League and he was a 2012–13 Academic All-America selection. He was also a 2012–13 Senior CLASS Award finalist, during his 2012–13 campaign, Muscala also became Bucknells all-time leading scorer surpassing Al Leslies 32-year record. On June 27,2013, Muscala was selected by the Dallas Mavericks with the 44th overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft and he was subsequently traded to the Atlanta Hawks on draft night, and later joined the Hawks for the 2013 NBA Summer League. On August 1,2013, Muscala signed a deal with Río Natura Monbús Obradoiro of the Liga ACB. On February 25,2014, he parted ways with Obradoiro, in 20 games for the club, he averaged 14.6 points,7.8 rebounds and 1.1 assists per game. On February 27,2014, Muscala signed a deal with the Atlanta Hawks. He made his debut for the Hawks on March 2, recording four points, in the teams regular season finale on April 16, Muscala scored a season-high 15 points in a 111–103 win over the Milwaukee Bucks. In July 2014, Muscala re-joined the Hawks for the 2014 NBA Summer League, during the 2014–15 season, he received multiple assignments to the Fort Wayne Mad Ants of the NBA Development League. On March 28,2015, he had a season-best game with 18 points,10 rebounds,4 assists,1 steal and 2 blocks in a loss to the Charlotte Hornets. Muscala again played for the Hawks summer league team in 2015, on February 3,2016, he scored a season-high 12 points in a 125–86 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. On March 26,2016, he was presented with the Jason Collier Memorial Trophy for being the player who best exemplifies the characteristics Collier displayed off the court as a community ambassador. On June 29,2016, the Hawks exercised the option for the 2016–17 season on Muscalas contract, list of NCAA Division I mens basketball players with 2000 points and 1000 rebounds Career statistics and player information from NBA. com, or Basketball-Reference. com Mike Muscala on Twitter
19.
National Basketball Association
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The National Basketball Association is the major mens professional basketball league in North America, and is widely considered to be the premier mens professional basketball league in the world. It has 30 teams, and is a member of USA Basketball. The NBA is one of the four professional sports leagues in the United States. NBA players are the worlds best paid athletes by average annual salary per player, the league was founded in New York City on June 6,1946, as the Basketball Association of America. The league adopted the name National Basketball Association on August 3,1949, the leagues several international as well as individual team offices are directed out of its head offices located in the Olympic Tower at 645 Fifth Avenue in New York City. NBA Entertainment and NBA TV studios are directed out of offices located in Secaucus, the Basketball Association of America was founded in 1946 by owners of the major ice hockey arenas in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Canada. On November 1,1946, in Toronto, Canada, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers at Maple Leaf Gardens, the first basket was made by Ossie Schectman of the Knickerbockers. During its early years, the quality of play in the BAA was not significantly better than in competing leagues or among leading independent clubs such as the Harlem Globetrotters. For instance, the 1948 ABL finalist Baltimore Bullets moved to the BAA and won that leagues 1948 title, Following the 1948–49 season, the BAA took in the remainder of the NBL, Syracuse, Anderson, Tri-Cities, Sheboygan, Denver, and Waterloo. The new league had seventeen franchises located in a mix of large and small cities, as well as arenas and smaller gymnasiums. The process of contraction saw the leagues smaller-city franchises move to larger cities, the Hawks shifted from the Tri-Cities to Milwaukee in 1951, and then to St. Louis in 1955. The Rochester Royals moved from Rochester, New York, to Cincinnati in 1957, japanese-American Wataru Misaka broke the NBA color barrier in the 1947–48 season when he played for the New York Knicks. He remained the only player in league history prior to the first African-American, Harold Hunter. During this period, the Minneapolis Lakers, led by center George Mikan, won five NBA Championships, to encourage shooting and discourage stalling, the league introduced the 24-second shot clock in 1954. If a team does not attempt to score a goal within 24 seconds of obtaining the ball, play is stopped. In 1957, rookie center Bill Russell joined the Boston Celtics, who already featured guard Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, and went on to lead the club to eleven NBA titles in thirteen seasons. Center Wilt Chamberlain entered the league with the Warriors in 1959 and became a dominant individual star of the 1960s, russells rivalry with Chamberlain became one of the greatest rivalries in the history of American team sports. The 1960s were dominated by the Celtics, led by Russell, Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, Boston won eight straight championships in the NBA from 1959 to 1966
20.
2013 NBA draft
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The 2013 NBA draft was held on June 27,2013, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. National Basketball Association teams took turns selecting amateur U. S. college basketball players and other eligible players, the lottery took place on May 21,2013. This was the first draft for New Orleans under their new Pelicans name after playing as the New Orleans Hornets previously. The selection of Anthony Bennett very much surprised Bill Simmons, who was an analyst at the draft and he was replaced by current commissioner Adam Silver beginning with the 2014 NBA draft. These players were not selected in the 2013 NBA draft but have played at least one game in the NBA, the draft is conducted under the eligibility rules established in the leagues new 2011 collective bargaining agreement with its players union. The CBA that ended the 2011 lockout instituted no immediate changes to the draft, as of 2012, the basic eligibility rules for the draft are listed below. All drafted players must be at least 19 years old during the year of the draft. In terms of dates, players eligible for the 2013 draft must be born on or before December 31,1994. Any player who is not a player, as defined in the CBA. Player who are not automatically eligible must declare their eligibility for the draft by notifying the NBA offices in writing no later than 60 days before the draft, for the 2013 draft, this date fell on April 28. Under NCAA rules, players only have until April 16 to withdraw from the draft. A player who has hired an agent will forfeit his college eligibility. Also, while the CBA allows a player to withdraw from the draft twice, forty-five college players declared for the draft. Fifteen players who did not attend college in the US or Canada between the ages of 18 and 22 declared for the draft. Players who do not meet the criteria for players are automatically eligible if they meet any of the following criteria. If they graduated high school in the U. S. but did not enroll in a U. S. college or university. They have signed a contract with a basketball team outside of the NBA, anywhere in the world. Players who meet the criteria for players are automatically eligible if they meet any of the following criteria
21.
Atlanta Hawks
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The Atlanta Hawks are a professional basketball team based in Atlanta. The Hawks compete in the National Basketball Association as a team of the leagues Eastern Conference Southeast Division. The team plays its games at Philips Arena. The teams origins can be traced to the establishment of the Buffalo Bisons in 1946 in Buffalo, New York, after 38 days in Buffalo, the team moved to Moline, Illinois, where they were renamed the Tri-Cities Blackhawks. In 1949, they joined the NBA as part of the merger between the NBL and the Basketball Association of America, and had Red Auerbach as coach briefly, in 1951, Kerner moved the team to Milwaukee, where they changed their name to the Hawks. Kerner and the team moved again in 1955 to St. Louis, the Hawks played the Boston Celtics in all four of their trips to the NBA Finals. The St. Louis Hawks moved to Atlanta in 1968, when Kerner sold the franchise to Thomas Cousins, the Hawks currently own the second-longest drought of not winning an NBA championship at 57 seasons. The franchises lone NBA championship, as well as all four NBA Finals appearances, meanwhile, they went 48 years without advancing past the second round of the playoffs in any format, until finally breaking through in 2015. Much of the failure theyve experienced in the postseason can be traced back to their history in the NBA draft. Since 1980, the Hawks have drafted four players who have been chosen to play in an NBA All-Star Game. Dominique Wilkins was actually selected by the Utah Jazz and traded to the Hawks a few months after the draft, the origins of the Atlanta Hawks can be traced to the Buffalo Bisons franchise, which was founded in 1946. The Bisons were a member of the National Basketball League, the club was organized by the Erie County American Legion and was coached by Nat Hickey. Their first game – a 50–39 victory over the Syracuse Nationals – was played on November 8,1946, on the team was William Pop Gates, who, along with William Dolly King, was one of the first two African-American players in the NBL. The team, which needed to draw 3,600 fans per game to break even struggled to draw 1,000 fans per game to the Auditorium. Upon relocation to Moline, the team was renamed the Tri-Cities Blackhawks, and played their games at Wharton Field House. The team featured guard/forward and coach Deanglo King, and was owned by Leo Ferris, Pop Gates remained on the Blackhawks roster, and finished second on the team in scoring behind future 1948 NBL MVP Don Otten. A Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame member, Gates helped to integrate the league and later become the first African-American coach in a sports league. In 1949 the Blackhawks became one of the National Basketball Associations 17 original teams after a merger of the 12-year-old NBL and they reached the playoffs in the NBAs inaugural year under the leadership of coach Red Auerbach
22.
1985 NBA draft
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The 1985 NBA draft took place on June 18,1985. It was also the first NBA draft of the lottery era, a total of 162 players were selected over seven rounds by the leagues 23 teams. The New York Knicks were awarded the first overall pick by winning the first-ever NBA draft lottery, the Knicks ultimately used it on Georgetowns Patrick Ewing
23.
Philadelphia 76ers
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The Philadelphia 76ers are an American professional basketball team based in Philadelphia metropolitan area. The 76ers compete in the National Basketball Association as a club of the leagues Eastern Conference Atlantic Division. Founded in 1946 and originally known as the Syracuse Nationals, they are one of the oldest franchises in the NBA and they have won three NBA championships, with their first coming as the Syracuse Nationals in 1955. The second title came in the 1966–67 season, a team which was led by Chamberlain, the third title came in the 1982–83 season, won by a team led by Erving and Malone. The 76ers have only been back to the NBA Finals once since then, in 2001, while in the NBL with teams largely consisting of small Midwestern towns, the Nationals put together a 21–23 record, finishing in 4th place. In the playoffs, the Nats would be beaten by the fellow upstate neighbor Rochester Royals in 4 games, in their second season, 1947–48, the Nationals would struggle, finishing in 5th place with a 24–36 record. Despite their struggles, the Nats would make the playoffs, getting swept by the Anderson Duffey Packers in 3 straight games, several teams began to leave the NBL for the BAA as the foundation for an absorption was laid. The Nationals recipe for success began by recruiting Leo Ferris, in the playoffs the Nationals would make quick work of the Hammond Calumet Buccaneers, winning the series in 2 straight games. However, in the semifinals the Nats would fall to the Anderson Duffey Packers for the second season in 4 games. In 1949, the Nationals were one of seven NBL teams that were absorbed by the Basketball Association of America to form the NBA, the Nationals were an instant success in the NBA, winning the Eastern Division in the 1949–1950 season, with a league best record of 51–13. In the playoffs the Nationals continued to play basketball, beating the Philadelphia Warriors in 2 straight. Moving on to the Eastern Finals, the Nationals battled the New York Knickerbockers, in the NBA Finals, the Nationals faced fellow NBL alums the Minneapolis Lakers. In Game 1 of the Finals the Nats lost just their home game of the season 68–66. The Nats did not recover, as they fell behind 3 games to 1 before falling in 6 games, despite several teams leaving the NBA for the National Professional Basketball League before the 1950–1951 season, the Nationals decided to stay put. In their second NBA season the Nationals played mediocre basketball all season, however, in the playoffs the Nats played their best basketball of the season as they stunned the 1st place Philadelphia Warriors in 2 straight, taking Game 1 on the road in overtime 91–89. In the Eastern Finals the Nationals were beaten by the New York Knickerbockers in a hard-fought 5-game series, in the playoffs the Nats knocked off the Philadelphia Warriors again in a 3-game series. However, in the Eastern Finals the Nats fell to the New York Knickerbockers again, the Nationals would finish in 2nd place in a hard fought 3-way battle for first place in the Eastern Division for the 1952–1953 season, with a record of 47–24. In the playoffs the Nationals would face the Boston Celtics dropping Game 1 at home 87–81, the Nationals acquired Alex Groza, and Ralph Beard as the Indianapolis Olympians folded leaving the NBA with just 9 teams for the 1953–1954 season
24.
1981 NBA draft
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The 1981 NBA draft was the 35th annual draft of the National Basketball Association. The draft was held on June 9,1981, before the 1981–82 season, the draft was broadcast in the United States on the USA Network. In this draft,23 NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U. S. college basketball players and other eligible players, the first two picks in the draft belonged to the teams that finished last in each conference, with the order determined by a coin flip. The Dallas Mavericks won the flip and were awarded the first overall pick. The remaining first-round picks and the subsequent rounds were assigned to teams in order of their win–loss record in the previous season. A player who had finished his college eligibility was automatically eligible for selection. Before the draft, five college underclassmen announced that they would leave college early, the draft consisted of 10 rounds comprising the selection of 223 players. The Dallas Mavericks used their first pick to draft 1980 Naismith College Player of the Year Mark Aguirre from DePaul University, Aguirre, who had just finished his junior season in college, became the second underclassman to be drafted first overall, after Magic Johnson in 1979. The Detroit Pistons used the second pick to draft Isiah Thomas. Thomas had just won the 1981 National Collegiate Athletic Association Championship with Indiana and was named as the tournaments Most Outstanding Player, the New Jersey Nets used the third pick to draft another underclassman, Buck Williams, from the University of Maryland. Williams went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award and was selected to the All-Star Game in his rookie season. This draft marked the first time that the first three selections were college underclassmen, Danny Ainge, the 1981 Wooden College Player of the Year, was selected in the second round with the 31st pick by the Boston Celtics. Ainge had been playing baseball since 1979 with the Toronto Blue Jays in the Major League Baseball while also playing college basketball at Brigham Young University. He reportedly preferred to continue his career, but the Celtics successfully persuaded him to play basketball instead. He is one of twelve athletes who have played in both the NBA and MLB. The following list includes draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game or have made other significant contributions to basketball. The following trades involving drafted players were made on the day of the draft, a 12 The Indiana Pacers acquired the draft rights to 32nd pick Mike Olliver from the Chicago Bulls in exchange for the draft rights to 36th pick Ray Blume and a 1982 second-round pick. Prior to the day of the draft, the trades were made
25.
Indiana Pacers
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The Indiana Pacers are an American professional basketball team based in Indianapolis. The Pacers compete in the National Basketball Association as a club of the leagues Eastern Conference Central Division. The Pacers were first established in 1967 as a member of the American Basketball Association and they play their home games at Bankers Life Fieldhouse. The team is named after Indianas history with the Indianapolis 500s pace cars, the Pacers have won three championships, all in the ABA. The Pacers were Eastern Conference champions in 2000, the team has won nine division titles. Five Hall of Fame players – Reggie Miller, Chris Mullin, Alex English, Mel Daniels, in early 1967, a group of six investors pooled their resources to purchase a franchise in the proposed American Basketball Association. For their first seven years, they played in the Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum, in 1974, they moved to the plush new Market Square Arena in downtown Indianapolis, where they played for 25 years. Early in the Pacers second season, former Indiana Hoosiers standout Bob Slick Leonard became the head coach. Leonard quickly turned the Pacers into a juggernaut and his teams were buoyed by the great play of superstars such as Mel Daniels, George McGinnis, Bob Netolicky, Rick Mount and Roger Brown. The Pacers were – and ended – as the most successful team in ABA history, in all, they appeared in the ABA Finals five times in the leagues nine-year history, a feat that was never bettered by any other ABA franchise. The Pacers were one of four ABA teams that joined the NBA in the ABA–NBA merger in 1976, for the 1976–77 season the Pacers were joined in the merged league by the Denver Nuggets, New York Nets, and San Antonio Spurs. The league charged a $3.2 million entry fee for each former ABA team, as a result of the merger, the four teams dealt with financial troubles. Additionally, the Pacers had some financial troubles which dated back to their days in the ABA. The new NBA teams also were barred from sharing in national TV revenues for four years, the Pacers finished their inaugural NBA season with a record of 36–46. Billy Knight and Don Buse represented Indiana in the NBA All-Star Game, however, this was one of the few bright spots of the Pacers first 13 years in the NBA. During this time, they had only three non-losing seasons and only two playoff appearances, a lack of continuity became the norm for most of the next decade, as they traded away Knight and Buse before the 1977–78 season even started. They acquired Adrian Dantley in exchange for Knight, but Dantley was traded in December, while the Pacers second-leading scorer, the early Pacers came out on the short end of two of the most one-sided trades in NBA history. In 1980, they traded Alex English to the Nuggets in order to reacquire former ABA star George McGinnis, McGinnis was long past his prime, and contributed very little during his two-year return
26.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
27.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
