1.
Lima, Ohio
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Lima is a city in and the county seat of Allen County, Ohio, United States. The municipality is located in northwestern Ohio along Interstate 75 approximately 72 miles north of Dayton and 78 miles south-southwest of Toledo, as of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 38,771. It is the city of and is included in the Lima, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Lima Army Tank Plant, built in 1941, is the producer of the M1 Abrams. In the years after the American Revolution, the Shawnee were the most prominent residents of west central Ohio, growing in numbers and permanency after the 1794 Treaty of Greenville. By 1817, the United States had created the Hog Creek Reservation for the local Shawnee, covering portions of what would become Allen and Auglaize counties, and including part of present-day Lima. The creation of the Shawnee reservation freed other lands in the area for settlement, and in February 1820, in 1831 the Shawnee were forced to surrender all their land in the area to the United States and relocated to Kansas, opening all of Allen County to settlement. The Ohio legislature mandated that a county seat be established and Lima was the result, since 1831, Lima has been the center of government for Allen County, the first of its three courthouses erected in the citys first year. The foundations of city life followed in quick order, the first school appeared in 1832. Limas first surgeon, Doctor William McHenry arrived in 1834,1836 brought the first newspaper to Lima. Lima was officially organized as a city in 1842, henry DeVilliers Williams was its first mayor. The first public school opened in 1850, in 1854, the first train appeared in Lima, a harbinger of later economic success. Also in 1854, an outbreak in Delphos spread throughout west central Ohio. Countywide problems caused by the water supply were not solved until 1886 when Lima started a municipal water system. Limas role as a center for industry began early. The Lima Agricultural Works began operations in 1869, the company changed names and types of manufacturing through the years. In 1882, under the name Lima Machine Works, the built the first Shay-geared locomotive. Stimulated by the boom in nearby Findlay, in 1885 Lima businessman Benjamin C
2.
Brookline, Massachusetts
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Brookline /ˈbrʊkˌlaɪn/ is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, in the United States, and is a part of Greater Boston. Brookline borders six of Bostons neighborhoods, Brighton, Allston, Fenway–Kenmore, Mission Hill, Jamaica Plain, the city of Newton lies to the west of Brookline. At the 2010 census, the population of the town was 58,732, Brookline was first settled in 1638 as a hamlet in Boston, but was incorporated as a separate town in 1705. Brookline is especially notable as the birthplace and hometown of John F. Kennedy, Brookline was known as the hamlet of Muddy River and was considered part of Boston until the Town of Brookline was independently incorporated in 1705. It is said that the name derives from a farm once owned by Judge Samuel Sewall. According to the United States Census Bureau, Brookline has an area of 6.8 sq mi. The northern part of Brookline, roughly north of the D-line tracks, is urban in character, as highly walkable, Brookline borders Newton to the west and Boston in all other directions, it is therefore non-contiguous with any other part of Norfolk County. Brookline separates the bulk of the city of Boston from its westernmost neighborhoods of Allston–Brighton, Brookline falls under the USDA 6b Plant Hardiness zone. As of the census of 2010, there were 58,732 people,24,891 households, the population density was 8,701.0 people per square mile. There were 26,448 housing units at a density of 3,889.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 73. 3% White,3. 4% Black or African American,0. 12% Native American,15. 6% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,1. 01% from other races, and 3. 0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5. 0% of the population,36. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the family size was 2.86. In the town, the population was out with 16. 6% under the age of 18,11. 7%, from 18 to 24,37. 3% from 25 to 44,21. 9% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.1 males, the median income for a household in the town was $66,711, and the median income for a family was $92,993. Males had an income of $56,861 versus $43,436 for females. The per capita income for the town was $44,327
3.
Columnist
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A columnist is someone who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs and they take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. In some instances, a column has been written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, some columnists appear on a daily or weekly basis and later reprint the same material in book collections. In some cases, such as Winchell and Parsons, their programs were quite similar in format to their newspaper columns. Rona Barrett began as a Hollywood gossip columnist in 1957, duplicating her print tactics on television by the mid-1960s, FPA and McIntyre both collected their columns into a series of books, as did other columnists. McIntyres book, The Big Town, New York Day by Day was a bestseller, fPAs The Melancholy Lute collected selections from three decades of his columns. When Smiths column, The Totem Pole, was syndicated by United Features, he told Time, a typewriter can be a pretty formidable contraption when you sit down in front of it and say, All right, now Im going to be funny. The writing of French humor columnist Alain Rémond has been collected in books, the Miami Herald promoted humor columnist Dave Barry with this description, Dave Barry has been at The Miami Herald since 1983. A Pulitzer Prize winner for commentary, he writes about issues ranging from the economy to exploding toilets. Barry has collected his columns into a series of successful books and he stopped writing his nationally syndicated weekly column in 2005, and The Miami Herald now offers on its website a lengthy selection of past columns by Barry. It has had the advantage of high-powered promotion and it is still riding on the crest of the first big wave its own splash sent out. But Mr. Davis did think that in a decade or two the newspapers might be promoting their columns along with their comic strips, the World had started the ball rolling with billboard advertising of Heywood Brouns It Seems to Me. The McNaught Syndicate was sitting pretty with O. O. McIntyre, Will Rogers, the New York Herald Tribune offered Don Marquis and Franklin P. Adams rhymed satirically in The Conning Tower for the New York World Syndicate. A Line o Type Or Two, Bert Leston Taylors verse column in the Chicago Tribune, was now being done by Richard Henry Little. Other offerings, humorous sketches by Damon Runyon, O. Henry stories, editorials by Arthur Brisbane, Ring Lardner letter, Rippling Rhymes, by Walt Mason, in at least one situation, a column expanded to become an entire successful magazine. When Cyrus Curtis founded the Tribune and Farmer in 1879, it was a weekly with an annual subscription rate of 50 cents. With 25,000 subscribers by the end of its first year, it was such a success that Curtis sold Tribune and Farmer to put his energy into the new publication, which became the Ladies Home Journal. Advice columnist Critic Editorial opinion columnist Gossip columnist Humor columnist Food columnist Food columnists of note National Society of Newspaper Columnists
4.
Color commentator
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A color commentator is a North American term for a sports commentator who assists the main commentator, often by filling in any time when play is not in progress. In other regions this role is referred to as an analyst or summariser. The color analyst and main commentator will often exchange comments freely throughout the broadcast, the color commentator provides expert analysis and background information, such as statistics, strategy and injury reports on the teams and athletes, and occasionally anecdotes or light humor. Color commentators are often former athletes or coaches of the sport being broadcast, the term color refers to levity and insight provided by a secondary announcer. A sports color commentator customarily works alongside the play-by-play broadcaster, commentary teams typically feature one professional commentator describing the passage of play, and another, usually a former player or coach, providing supplementary input as the game progresses. Additionally, former players and managers appear as pundits, carrying out a role to the co-commentator during the pre-game show preceding a given contest. In American motorsports coverage, there may be as many as two color commentators in the booth for a given broadcast, in the United Kingdom, the term color commentator is relatively unknown, rather the role is called analyst, summarizer, or simply commentator. Cricket coverage on ESPNcricinfo uses similar terminology, in Australia, the term is not used. Those giving the analysis alongside the main commentator are sometimes said to be giving additional or expert analysis, or are special comments, there is no mention or translation to the term color. In Denmark, Norway and Sweden the term ekspertkommentator / expertkommentator is used for a sidekick to the play-by-play announcer. In Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries, the position is known as a comentarista and comentador, respectively, similarly, in Finland kommentaattori is used for the second commentator, and selostaja for the main one. In France, the term for a commentator is consultant. In Italy, the commentator is usually referred to as responsible for the commento tecnico whereas the play-by-play commentator is the main telecronista. In Italy, too, the commentator is usually a person formerly directly involved in the sport. Recent Formula 1 races have no fewer than three commentators, the telecronista, a pilot, and an engineer, the last two sharing the commento tecnico. In Turkey, the term spiker is used for the play-by-play announcer whereas the color commentator is referred to simply as yorumcu, in some countries, the two-person commentating team is not used as much as elsewhere. In Germany, most broadcasts of sports matches traditionally feature a single play-by-play announcer who provides commentary, background information. If the broadcast is on TV, the announcer will usually not comment on visually obvious things, in those cases, a current or former athlete or coach is often used as co-commentator or Experte
5.
Journalist
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A journalist is a person who collects, writes, or distributes news or other current information. A journalists work is called journalism, a journalist can work with general issues or specialize in certain issues. However, most journalists tend to specialize, and by cooperating with other journalists, for example, a sports journalist covers news within the world of sports, but this journalist may be a part of a newspaper that covers many different topics. A reporter is a type of journalist who researches, writes, and reports on information in order to present in sources, conduct interviews, engage in research, and make reports. The information-gathering part of a job is sometimes called reporting. Reporters may split their time working in a newsroom and going out to witness events or interviewing people. Reporters may be assigned a beat or area of coverage. Depending on the context, the term journalist may include various types of editors, editorial writers, columnists, Journalism has developed a variety of ethics and standards. While objectivity and a lack of bias are of concern and importance, more liberal types of journalism, such as advocacy journalism and activism. This has become prevalent with the advent of social media and blogs, as well as other platforms that are used to manipulate or sway social and political opinions. These platforms often project extreme bias, as sources are not always held accountable or considered necessary in order to produce a written, nor did they often directly experience most social problems, or have direct access to expert insights. These limitations were made worse by a media that tended to over-simplify issues and to reinforce stereotypes, partisan viewpoints. As a consequence, Lippmann believed that the public needed journalists like himself who could serve as analysts, guiding “citizens to a deeper understanding of what was really important. ”Journalists sometimes expose themselves to danger. Organizations such as the Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders publish reports on press freedom, as of November 2011, the Committee to Protect Journalists reports that 887 journalists have been killed worldwide since 1992 by murder, crossfire or combat, or on dangerous assignment. The ten deadliest countries for journalists since 1992 have been Iraq, Philippines, Russia, Colombia, Mexico, Algeria, Pakistan, India, Somalia, Brazil and Sri Lanka. The Committee to Protect Journalists also reports that as of December 1st 2010,145 journalists were jailed worldwide for journalistic activities. The ten countries with the largest number of currently-imprisoned journalists are Turkey, China, Iran, Eritrea, Burma, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Cuba, Ethiopia, apart from the physical harm, journalists are harmed psychologically. This applies especially to war reporters, but their offices at home often do not know how to deal appropriately with the reporters they expose to danger
6.
Sports commentator
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In sports broadcasting, a sports commentator gives a running commentary of a game or event in real time, usually during a live broadcast, traditionally delivered in the historical present tense. The comments are normally a voiceover, with the sounds of the action, in the case of television commentary, the commentators are on screen rarely if at all during the event. The main commentator, also called the play-by-play announcer or commentator in North America and they are valued for their articulateness and for their ability to describe each play or event of an often fast-moving sporting event. Other main commentators may, however, only one sport. The analyst or color commentator provides expert analysis and background information, such as statistics, strategy on the teams and athletes and they are usually former athletes or coaches in their respective sports, although there are some exceptions. The term color refers to levity and insight provided by analyst, the most common format for a sports broadcast is to have an analyst/color commentator work alongside the main/play-by-play announcer. Vin Scully, longtime announcer for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers baseball team, is one of few examples of this practice still existing today, a sideline reporter assists a sports broadcasting crew with sideline coverage of the playing field or court. Sideline reporters are often granted inside information about an important update, such as injury, in cases of big events, teams consisting of many sideline reporters are placed strategically so that the main commentator has many sources to turn to. In British sports broadcasting, the presenter of a sports broadcast is usually distinct from the commentator, in North America, the on-air personality based in the studio is called the studio host. During their shows, the presenter/studio host may be joined by analysts or pundits. In North American English, sportscaster is a term for any type of commentator in a sports broadcast. It may also refer to a talk show host or a newscaster covering sports news. In 1975, the National Hockey League made headlines when two coaches from the N. H. L, all-Star Game in Montreal allowed Robin Herman and Marcel St. Cyr. access into the mens locker room. Both were believed to have been the first women allowed to enter a professional mens locker room to conduct a post-game interview. Sport organizations began to follow in the N. H. L. s footsteps, Baseball commissioner Bowie Kuhn and other officials chose to discriminate her based on her sex. Knowing that this would put Sports Illustrated in a disadvantage from other publishers, Time Inc. and Ludtke filed a lawsuit against Kuhn. The lawsuit was taken to the U. S. District Court in 1978 where Judge Constance Baker Motley ruled the act as violating the 14th amendment of the U. S. Constitution. The court ruled that the Yankees organization devise a plan to protect the players of their privacy while female sportswriters conducted interviews, society viewed the issue as women sportswriters only wanting access to the mens locker room to see players naked
7.
Tennis
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Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent or between two teams of two players each. Each player uses a racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net. The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return, the player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will. Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society, the sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users. The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis and it had close connections both to various field games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport of real tennis. The rules of tennis have changed little since the 1890s, two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times, and the adoption of the tiebreak in the 1970s. Tennis is played by millions of players and is also a popular worldwide spectator sport. Historians believe that the ancient origin lay in 12th century northern France. Louis X of France was a player of jeu de paume, which evolved into real tennis. Louis was unhappy with playing tennis outdoors and accordingly had indoor, in due course this design spread across royal palaces all over Europe. Because of the accounts of his death, Louis X is historys first tennis player known by name. Another of the enthusiasts of the game was King Charles V of France. It wasnt until the 16th century that rackets came into use, and the game began to be called tennis, from the French term tenez, an interjection used as a call from the server to his opponent. It was popular in England and France, although the game was played indoors where the ball could be hit off the wall. Henry VIII of England was a big fan of this game, during the 18th century and early 19th century, as real tennis declined, new racket sports emerged in England. This in turn led to the codification of rules for many sports, including lawn tennis, most football codes, lawn bowls. In 1872, along with two doctors, they founded the worlds first tennis club in Leamington Spa. Evans, turfgrass agronomist, Sports historians all agree that deserves much of the credit for the development of modern tennis, according to Honor Godfrey, museum curator at Wimbledon, Wingfield popularized this game enormously
8.
Berea, Ohio
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Berea is a city in Cuyahoga County in the U. S. state of Ohio and is a western suburb of Cleveland. The population was 19,093 at the 2010 census, Berea is home to Baldwin Wallace University, as well as the training facility for the Cleveland Browns and the Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds. Berea, Ohio, was established in 1836, henry O. Sheldon, a circuit rider, selected Berea and Tabor as possible names for the community. The townspeople decided to flip a coin, and Berea won. The first European settlers were originally from Connecticut, abram Hickox, a Revolutionary War veteran, bought the first plot in what is today Middleburg Heights and in 1808 traveled west from Connecticut to his new purchase. Dissuaded by the swampy and heavily forested land he decided to settle in Cleveland and he became successful as Clevelands first full-time blacksmith. His plot of land was sold to his nephew, Jared Hickox and they followed an ancient Indian highway down through the forest from Cleveland and then, at what is now the corner of Bagley and Pearl roads, began to hack their way directly west. About two miles in they found Grangers plot markers and set up their homestead, today this area is a strip mall on Bagley Road, just down the road from Berea. At the time Hickox discovered Grangers plot markers, the area was a lowland and, as fate would have it. The family farm was in dire straits, having been so severely depleted of male laborers, love came to the rescue, however, and the areas spirits were lifted by its first marriage, that of Jareds daughter Amy Hickox to a recent arrival, Abijah Bagley. Bagley ended up taking over the farm and managing it into a successful concern, today, Bereas largest street bears his name. In 1828, educator John Baldwin moved to Middeburg Township where he joined forces with James Gilbrith and this village was founded in 1837. Baldwin ran the Lyceum Village School for five years until June 1842, however, one day while walking home, he had an impulse to take a new route across the river on his farm. He noticed a grouping of exposed rocks which he judged would make superior grindstones and this was the beginning of the Berea quarrying industry. After the Big Four Railroad was built from Cleveland to Cincinnati and it was then that Baldwin and the others of the Lyceum Village tried to think of a name for their new town. After Gilbrith proposed Tabor, John Baldwin suggested Berea, citing the biblical Berea in the Acts 17, after a coin flip, Berea was chosen. In 1842, the Baldwin Institute opened on the side of town. The school was open to all, regardless of sex, race or religious creed, in 1852, it was renamed Baldwin University
9.
Baldwin Wallace University
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Baldwin Wallace University is a 4-year private, coeducational, liberal arts college in Berea, Ohio, United States. The school was founded in 1845 as Baldwin Institute by Methodist settlers, eventually the school merged with nearby German Wallace College in 1913 to become Baldwin–Wallace College. As of July 1,2012 the school became Baldwin Wallace University, the institution offers a number of undergraduate and several graduate programs. Baldwin Wallace University is often referred to as simply BW, BW has two campus sites, Berea, which serves as the main campus, and BW at Corporate College East in Warrensville Heights. Today BW enrolls around 3,050 full-time undergraduate students,800 evening and weekend adult learners, BW recruits students throughout Ohio but also students from all over the United States and internationally. Baldwin Wallaces motto is Creating contributing, compassionate citizens of a global society. Baldwin Wallaces athletic teams compete as members of NCAA Division III athletics in the Ohio Athletic Conference, BW is known for its education, business, neuroscience, and music programs. BW is home to the Riemenschneider-Bach Institute and the Baldwin Wallace Conservatory of Music, the BW Conservatory holds the title for the oldest collegiate Bach Festival in the nation. Beyond this, the radio station WBWC is known throughout the Cleveland area. Both the university and the town of Berea were founded by Methodist settlers from Connecticut and these settlers moved west after their homes were burned by the British in the Revolutionary War. The region in Northern Ohio became known as the Western Reserve, among early settlers of this area was John Baldwin. Baldwin enjoyed early success in the quarry industry. He eventually founded Baldwin Institute in 1845, Baldwin Institute became Baldwin University in 1856. Baldwins sense of equality led to the school accepting any student regardless of race or gender, moreover, Baldwin Universitys courses were not segregated. The surge of German workers in Baldwin’s sandstone quarries led to the establishment of a German department at the Institute, the Reverend Jacob Rothweiler, a professor at Baldwin University, named his project after James Wallace, and German Wallace College was founded in 1855. Students at both institutions were free to enroll in courses at Baldwin or German Wallace, Baldwin and Wallace were the primary benefactors to the two Berea colleges. After their deaths, and the decline of the industry in Ohio. Options were thin, and the United Methodist Church considered merging the schools with the more successful Ohio Wesleyan University in 1874, the University of Cleveland concept was abandoned for a more elegant solution
10.
Alpha Tau Omega
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Alpha Tau Omega is an American social fraternity founded at the Virginia Military Institute in 1865. The fraternity has around 250 active and inactive chapters and colonies in the United States and has initiated more than 250,000 members, Alpha Tau Omega represents one-third of the Lexington Triad, along with Kappa Alpha Order and Sigma Nu. The Fraternity does not have chapters or affiliations outside the United States, the fraternitys non-profit organization is The ATO Foundation, which provides scholarships to its members. Alpha Tau Omega was founded at the Virginia Military Institute on September 11,1865 by Otis Allan Glazebrook, Erskine Mayo Ross, and Alfred Marshall. Glazebrooks plan was to use Christian brotherly love as a way to facilitate reconciliation between the North and South in the aftermath of the American Civil War. Anderson who was president during a membership crisis, the fraternity holds several retreats and training conferences. Altitude is a leadership retreat in the Rocky Mountains. Participants must be in good standing with their chapter in order to participate, leaderShape was started in 1986 by the fraternity, and was exclusive to members until 1988. LeaderShape was spun off into its own organization which holds week-long leadership, the presidents retreat is held every January as training for incoming chapter presidents and vice presidents. The Emerging Leaders Conferences, formerly known as the Regional Leadership Conferences, is a training conference. In 1935, Erskine Mayo Ross started the Alpha Tau Omega Foundation with a donation of $5000, the foundation is a 501 not-for-profit organization that provides educational opportunities and scholarships for the members of Alpha Tau Omega. In 2013, the chapter at Cornell University was shut down for repeated alcohol, in 2012, the fraternity at the University of Central Florida was suspended for hazing pledges, including forcing one pledge to stand in a bucket of ice water while fraternity members beat him. In 2008, the chapter at University of Nevada, Reno was put on following controversy over hazing practices. As many as eleven pledges were forced to seek medical attention following their consumption of raw chicken. List of social fraternities and sororities Official website
11.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
12.
Boston University
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Boston University is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. The university is nonsectarian, and is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. The university has more than 3,900 faculty members and nearly 33,000 students and it offers bachelors degrees, masters degrees, and doctorates, and medical, dental, business, and law degrees through 17 schools and colleges on two urban campuses. The main campus is situated along the Charles River in Bostons Fenway-Kenmore and Allston neighborhoods, BU is categorized as an R1, Doctoral University in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. BU is a member of the Boston Consortium for Higher Education, the University was ranked 39th among undergraduate programs at national universities, and 32nd among global universities by U. S. News & World Report in its 2017 rankings. In 1876, BU professor Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in a BU lab, American Civil Rights Movement leader and 1964 Nobel Peace Prize winner Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. received his PhD in Theology from BU in 1955. The Boston University Terriers compete in the NCAAs Division I, BU athletic teams compete in the Patriot League, and Hockey East conferences, and their mascot is Rhett the Boston Terrier. Boston University is well known for hockey, in which it has won five national championships. The University organized formal Centennial observances both in 1939 and 1969, on April 24–25,1839 a group of Methodist ministers and laymen at the Old Bromfield Street Church in Boston elected to establish a Methodist theological school. Set up in Newbury, Vermont, the school was named the Newbury Biblical Institute, in 1847, the Congregational Society in Concord, New Hampshire, invited the Institute to relocate to Concord and offered a disused Congregational church building with a capacity of 1200 people. Other citizens of Concord covered the remodeling costs, one stipulation of the invitation was that the Institute remain in Concord for at least 20 years. The charter issued by New Hampshire designated the school the Methodist General Biblical Institute, with the agreed twenty years coming to a close, the Trustees of the Concord Biblical Institute purchased 30 acres on Aspinwall Hill in Brookline, Massachusetts, as a possible relocation site. The institute moved in 1867 to 23 Pinkney Street in Boston, in 1869, three Trustees of the Boston Theological Institute obtained from the Massachusetts Legislature a charter for a university by name of Boston University. These three were successful Boston businessmen and Methodist laymen, with a history of involvement in educational enterprises and they were Isaac Rich, Lee Claflin, and Jacob Sleeper, for whom Boston Universitys three West Campus dormitories are named. Lee Claflins son, William, was then Governor of Massachusetts, on account of the religious opinions he may entertain, provided, nonetheless, that this section shall not apply to the theological department of said University. Every department of the new university was open to all on an equal footing regardless of sex, race. The Boston Theological Institute was absorbed into Boston University in 1871 as the BU School of Theology, in January 1872 Isaac Rich died, leaving the vast bulk of his estate to a trust that would go to Boston University after ten years of growth while the University was organized. Most of this bequest consisted of real estate throughout the core of the city of Boston and was appraised at more than $1.5 million, Kilgore describes this as the largest single donation to an American college or university to that time
13.
Boston University College of Communication
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Boston University College of Communication is a communication school within Boston University. It was founded in 1947 as the School of Public Relations, the College of Communication is the oldest public relations school in the United States. Today, the school offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in three departments, Film and Television, Journalism, and Mass Communication. The schools journalism and communication programs are ranked nationally with its film program ranked 11th by The Hollywood Reporter in 2013. The College of Communication building is just blocks from Kenmore Square, the College of Communication is home to many of Boston Universitys most popular student-run organizations, including butv10, WTBU Radio, AdLab, and PRLab. COM also offers internship programs in Los Angeles, Washington D. C. Each summer, the hosts the Academy of Media Production. Linda Vester William O. Wheatley College of Communication website butv10 homepage WTBU Online BU PRLab homepage
14.
Brandeis University
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Brandeis University /ˈbrændaɪs/ is an American private research university in Waltham, Massachusetts,9 miles west of Boston. Founded in 1948 as a non-sectarian, coeducational institution sponsored by the Jewish community, the university is named after Louis Brandeis, the first Jewish Justice of the U. S Supreme Court. In 2015, it had an enrollment of 5,532 students on its suburban campus spanning over 235 acres. The institution offers more than 43 majors and 46 minors, the university has a strong liberal arts focus and a quarter of its students come from outside the United States. Brandeis was tied for 34th among national universities in the United States in the U. S. News & World Report rankings, Forbes listed Brandeis as 36th nationally for research and 37th for entrepreneurship. Times ranks it 185th globally while USA Today ranks it among the top 10 in the country for economics, the university is also home to the Heller School, ranked as one of the top 10 policy schools in the United States. Middlesex University was a school located in Waltham, Massachusetts. The founder, Dr. John Hall Smith, died in 1944, Smiths will stipulated that the school should go to any group willing to use it to establish a non-sectarian university. Within two years, Middlesex University was on the brink of financial collapse, ruggles Smith, was desperate for a way to save something of Middlesex University. He learned of a New York committee headed by Dr. Israel Goldstein that was seeking a campus to establish a Jewish-sponsored secular university. Goldstein agreed to accept Smiths offer, proceeding to recruit George Alpert, Alpert had worked his way through Boston University School of Law and co-founded the firm of Alpert and Alpert. Alperts firm had an association with the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. He was influential in Bostons Jewish community and his Judaism tended to be social rather than spiritual. He was involved in assisting children displaced from Germany, Alpert was to be chairman of Brandeis from 1946 to 1954, and a trustee from 1946 until his death. By February 5,1946, Goldstein had recruited Albert Einstein, Einstein believed the university would attract the best young people in all fields, satisfying a real need. In March 1946, Goldstein said the foundation had raised ten-million dollars that it would use to open the school by the following year, the foundation purchased Middlesex Universitys land and buildings for two-million dollars. The charter of this operation was transferred to the Foundation along with the campus, the founding organization was announced in August and named The Albert Einstein Foundation for Higher Learning, Inc. The new school would be a Jewish-sponsored secular university open to students and faculty of all races and religions
15.
Abbie Hoffman
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Abbot Howard Abbie Hoffman was an American political and social activist and anarchist who co-founded the Youth International Party. The group was known collectively as the Chicago Eight, when Seales prosecution was separated from the others, while the defendants were initially convicted of intent to incite a riot, the verdicts were overturned on appeal. Hoffman continued his activism into the 1970s, and remains an icon of the anti-war movement, Hoffman was born November 30,1936 in Worcester, Massachusetts, to John Hoffman and Florence Schanberg. Hoffman was raised in a household and had two younger siblings. As a child in the 1940s–50s, he was a member of what has been described as the generation between the beatniks and hippies. He described his childhood as idyllic and the 40s as a time to grow up in. On June 3,1954, 17-year-old Hoffman was arrested for the first time, during his school days, he became known as a troublemaker who started fights, played pranks, vandalized school property, and referred to teachers by their first names. In his sophomore year, Hoffman was expelled from Classical High School, as an atheist, Hoffman wrote a paper declaring that God could not possibly exist, for if he did, there wouldnt be any suffering in the world. The irate teacher ripped up the paper and called him a Communist punk. Hoffman jumped on the teacher, after his expulsion, he attended Worcester Academy, graduating in 1955. Hoffman engaged in many behaviors typical of rebellious teenagers in the 1950s, such as riding motorcycles, wearing leather jackets, upon graduating, he enrolled in Brandeis University, where he studied under professors such as noted psychologist Abraham Maslow, often considered the father of humanistic psychology. He was also a student of Marxist theorist Herbert Marcuse, who Hoffman said had an effect on his political outlook. Hoffman would later cite Marcuses influence during his activism and his theories on revolution and he was on the Brandeis tennis team, which was coached by journalist Bud Collins. Hoffman graduated with a B. A. in psychology in 1959 and that fall, he enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley, where he completed coursework toward a masters degree in psychology. Soon after, he married his pregnant girlfriend Sheila Karklin in May 1960, during the Vietnam War, Hoffman was an anti-war activist, using deliberately comical and theatrical tactics. In late 1966, Hoffman met with a radical group called the Diggers. He later returned to New York and published a book with this knowledge, doing so was considered a violation by the Diggers. Diggers co-founder Peter Coyote explained, Abbie, who was a friend of mine, was always a media junky and we explained everything to those guys, and they violated everything we taught them. One of Hoffmans well-known stunts was on August 24,1967, the protesters threw fistfuls of real and fake dollar bills down to the traders below, some of whom booed, while others began to scramble frantically to grab the money as fast as they could
16.
Boston Herald
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The Boston Herald is an American daily newspaper whose primary market is Boston, Massachusetts and its surrounding area. It was founded in 1846 and is one of the oldest daily newspapers in the United States and it has been awarded eight Pulitzer Prizes in its history, including four for editorial writing and three for photography before it was converted to tabloid format in 1981. The Herald was named one of the 10 Newspapers That Do It Right in 2012 by Editor & Publisher, the Heralds history can be traced back through two lineages, the Daily Advertiser and the old Boston Herald, and two media moguls, William Randolph Hearst and Rupert Murdoch. The original Boston Herald was founded in 1846 by a group of Boston printers jointly under the name of John A. French & Company, the paper was published as a single two-sided sheet, selling for one cent. In 1847, the Boston Herald absorbed the Boston American Eagle, the Boston Evening Traveler was founded in 1845. The Boston Evening Traveler was the successor to the weekly American Traveler, in 1912, the Herald acquired the Traveler, continuing to publish both under their own names. For many years, the newspaper was controlled by many of the investors in United Shoe Machinery Co, after a newspaper strike in 1967, Herald-Traveler Corp. suspended the afternoon Traveler and absorbed the evening edition into the Herald to create the Boston Herald Traveler. The Boston Daily Advertiser was established in 1813 in Boston by Nathan Hale, the paper grew to prominence throughout the 19th century, taking over other Boston area papers. In 1832 The Advertiser took over control of The Boston Patriot, the paper was purchased by William Randolph Hearst in 1917. Hearst Corp. continued using the name Advertiser for its Sunday paper until the early 1970s, on September 3,1884, The Boston Evening Record was started by the Boston Advertiser as a campaign newspaper. The Record was so popular that it was made a permanent publication, in 1904, William Randolph Hearst began publishing his own newspaper in Boston called The American. Hearst ultimately ended up purchasing the Daily Advertiser in 1917, by 1938, the Daily Advertiser had changed to the Daily Record, and The American had become the Sunday Advertiser. A third paper owned by Hearst, called the Afternoon Record, the Sunday Advertiser and Record American would ultimately be merged in 1972 into The Boston Herald Traveler a line of newspapers that stretched back to the old Boston Herald. In 1946, Herald-Traveler Corporation acquired Boston radio station WHDH, two years later, WHDH-FM was licensed, and on November 26,1957, WHDH-TV made its début as an ABC affiliate on channel 5. In 1961, WHDH-TVs affiliation switched to CBS, Herald-Traveler Corp. was granted a construction permit to replace WHDH-TV on channel 5. The two papers were merged to become a paper called the Boston Herald Traveler and Record American in the morning and Record-American. The first editions published under the new combined name were those of June 19,1972, the afternoon edition was soon dropped and the unwieldy name shortened to Boston Herald American, with the Sunday edition called the Sunday Herald Advertiser. The Herald American converted to tabloid format in September 1981, but Hearst faced steep declines in circulation, the company announced it would close the Herald American—making Boston a one-newspaper town—on December 3,1982
17.
The Boston Globe
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The Boston Globe is an American daily newspaper based in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1872 by Charles H. Taylor, it was held until 1973. The company was acquired in 1993 by The New York Times Company, in 2011, a BostonGlobe. com subscription site was launched. In 2013, the newspaper and websites were purchased by John W. Henry, the Boston Globe has been awarded 26 Pulitzer Prizes since 1966, and its chief print rival is the Boston Herald. The Boston Globe was founded in 1872 by six Boston businessmen, including Charles H. Taylor and Eben Jordan, the first issue was published on March 4,1872, and cost four cents. Originally a morning daily, it began a Sunday edition in 1877, in 1878, The Boston Globe started an afternoon edition called The Boston Evening Globe, which ceased publication in 1979. By the 1890s, The Boston Globe had become a stronghold, in 1964, Tom Winship succeeded his father, Larry Winship, as editor. The younger Winship transformed The Globe from a local paper into a regional paper of national distinction. He served as editor until 1984, during which time the paper won a dozen Pulitzer Prizes, the Boston Globe was a private company until 1973 when it went public under the name Affiliated Publications. It continued to be managed by the descendants of Charles H. Taylor, in 1993, The New York Times Company purchased Affiliated Publications for US$1.1 billion, making The Boston Globe a wholly owned subsidiary of The New York Times parent. The Jordan and Taylor families received substantial New York Times Company stock, Boston. com, the online edition of The Boston Globe, was launched on the World Wide Web in 1995. Consistently ranked among the top ten websites in America, it has won numerous national awards. Under the helm of editor Martin Baron and then Brian McGrory, the Boston Globe is credited with allowing Peter Gammons to start his Notes section on baseball, which has become a mainstay in all major newspapers nationwide. In 2004, Gammons was selected as the 56th recipient of the J. G. Taylor Spink Award for outstanding baseball writing, given by the BBWAA, and was honored at the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 31,2005. In 2007, Charlie Savage, whose reports on President Bushs use of signing statements made national news, the Boston Globe has consistently been ranked in the forefront of American journalism. The Boston Globe hosts 28 blogs covering a variety of topics including Boston sports, local politics, on April 2,2009, The New York Times Company threatened to close the paper if its unions did not agree to $20,000,000 of cost savings. Some of the cost savings include reducing union employees pay by 5%, ending pension contributions, the Boston Globe eliminated the equivalent of fifty full-time jobs, among buy-outs and layoffs, it swept out most of the part-time employees in the editorial sections. The papers other three major unions had agreed to concessions on May 3,2009, after The New York Times Company threatened to give the government 60-days notice that it intended to close the paper
18.
Boston
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Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies
19.
Public Broadcasting Service
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The Public Broadcasting Service is an American non-profit public broadcaster and television program distributor headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is funded by member dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, government agencies, corporations, foundations. All proposed funding is subjected to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source, since the mid 2000s, Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States. This arbitrary distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion and it also operates National Datacast, a subsidiary which offers datacasting services via member stations, and provides additional revenue for PBS and its member stations. Founded by Hartford N. Gunn Jr, in 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations. Each station is charged with the responsibility of programming content for their individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts, scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, however, PBS has a policy of common carriage, which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common programming schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former Los Angeles member KCET cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011. Most PBS stations timeshift some distributed programs, once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers retain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, in 1991, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting resumed production for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of Washington Week in Review and Wall Street Week. In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable, the strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful. In 2011, PBS released apps for iOS and Android to allow viewing of videos on mobile devices. An update in 2015 added Chromecast support, PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as YouTube for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, in the speech, later described as a “seminal moment” for public television, he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed PBS Digital Studios, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called “PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility. ”The studio’s first hit, in 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule. PBS broadcasts childrens programming as part of the morning and afternoon schedule
20.
WGBH-TV
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WGBH-TV, channel 2, is a non-commercial educational PBS member television station located in Boston, Massachusetts. WGBHs studios are located on Guest Street in Boston, and its transmitter is located in Needham, WGBH is one of six local Boston television stations that are available in Canada on satellite provider Bell TV. WGBH-TV produces more than two-thirds of the nationally distributed programs broadcast by PBS and these include shows such as Nova, Frontline, Masterpiece, American Experience, The Victory Garden, and This Old House. WGBH was home to The French Chef featuring Julia Child, the Scarlet Letter mini-series was a major costume drama produced on-location and was the first challenger to the British dominance in such programming in America. It was PBSs highest rated series for many years, since then, the station has co-produced many period dramas with British production companies. Broadcasts with the Boston Symphony established the genre as a staple on television, a Roomful of Music, produced by Greg Harney, featured Pete Seeger and other musicians. WGBHs experiments helped develop the medium of television, WGBH operates a Shaw Broadcast Services satellite uplink facility which provides broadcast television stations from the Boston area to cable and satellite television providers in Canada. As a Canadian company, Shaw is not legally entitled to operate a facility in the United States. As a result, the company pays WGBH to perform service on its behalf. This facility is located at the stations transmitter tower in Needham. Calling for free public lectures for the citizens of Boston, wGBH-FM first signed on the air on October 6,1951, with a live broadcast of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. WRTB never made it on the air, paving the way for the Federal Communications Commission to allocate channel 2 for non-commercial purposes and for WGBH to receive a license to operate on that channel. WGBH-TV went on the air at 5,20 p. m. on May 2,1955, initial funding for starting WGBH-TV, the first public television station in Boston and New Englands first non-commercial television station, came from the Lincoln and Therese Filene Foundation. WGBH-TV and WGBH FM both began operating from a new building on August 29,1963, a new studio facility for the WGBH station was then built at 125 Western Avenue in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Design Squad Dont Look Now FETCH.7 and WGBH. org. The Scrum Security Mom Julia Child, The French Chef Robert J. Vincent Price, thomas J. MacDonald, Rough Cut - Woodworking with Tommy Mac Michael Dukakis, The Advocates Roger Fisher, The Advocates William A. Reunions were held in 2000 and 2006
21.
CBS Sports
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CBS Sports is the sports division of the American television network CBS. Its headquarters are in the CBS Building on West 52nd Street in midtown Manhattan, New York City and its premier sports properties are the NFL, Southeastern Conference football, NCAA basketball, and PGA golf, including The Masters, and the PGA Championship. The online arm of CBS Sports is CBSSports. com, CBS purchased SportsLine. com in 2004, and today CBSSports. com is part of CBS Interactive. On August 31,2013, CBS Sports rolled out its previous graphics, on November 30,2015, CBS Sports released a new logo in order to coincide with the networks coverage of Super Bowl 50. The network also created a new graphics package that debuted as part of the networks Super Bowl week programming. Following the game, the package began to be utilized across all of their programming events. The Masters, which retains heavy production control over their event, also, the networks Thursday Night Football game broadcasts will continue to use the graphical style originally used since its debut in 2014. CBS Sports Radio is a radio network that launched on September 4,2012 with hourly sports news updates. It began offering a full 24-hour schedule of talk programming on January 2,2013. CBS Sports Radio is owned and operated by CBS Radio, a division of CBS Corporation, with Cumulus Media Networks handling distribution and marketing of the network. Sports radio stations that are owned by CBS and Cumulus Media carry part of the schedule of programming. In addition to carriage on stations, CBS Sports Radio also streams its programming on the internet. ESPN ESPN2 ESPN on ABC Fox Sports Fox Sports 1 Fox Sports 2 NBC Sports NBCSN CBSSports. com CBS Sports Network CBS Sports Radio CBS Corporation CBS Sports CBS Corporation CBS Interactive
22.
US Open (tennis)
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The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hardcourt tennis tournament. The tournament is the version of one of the oldest tennis championships in the world. The US Open is held annually, starting on the last Monday in August, the main tournament consists of five event championships, mens and womens singles, mens and womens doubles, and mixed doubles, with additional tournaments for senior, junior, and wheelchair players. Since 1978, the tournament has played on acrylic hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Queens. The US Open is owned and organized by the United States Tennis Association, net proceeds from ticket sales, sponsorships, and television deals are used to promote the development of tennis in the United States. The US Open is the only Grand Slam that employs tiebreakers in every set of a match, the first edition was won by Richard Sears, who went on to win seven consecutive singles titles. In the first years of the U. S. National Championship only men competed and this was followed by the introduction of the U. S. Womens National Doubles Championship in 1899 and the U. S. The womens tournament used a system from 1888 through 1918. This view was opposed by another group of players which included eight former national singles champions, the contentious issue was brought to a vote at the annual USNLTA meeting on February 5,1915 and with 128 votes in favor and 119 against it was decided to relocate. From 1921 through 1923, the tournament was played at the Germantown Cricket Club in Philadelphia and it returned to Forest Hills in 1924 following the completion of the newly constructed 14,000 seat concrete Forest Hills Stadium. Though regarded unofficially by many as a major championship beforehand, the tournament was officially designated as one of the tournaments by the ILTF commencing in 1924. At the 1922 U. S. National Championships the draw for the first time included seeded players in order to avoid leading players drawing against each other in the early rounds. Open era The open era began in 1968 when all five events were merged into the US Open, the 1968 combined tournament was open to professionals for the first time. That year,96 men and 63 women entered the event, from 1970 to 1974 the US Open used a best-of-nine point, sudden death tiebreaker before moving to the ITF best-of-twelve point system. In 1973 the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to award equal prize money to men and women with that years singles champions John Newcombe, another US Open innovation came in 1975 when floodlights enabled night play for the first time. In 1978 the tournament moved from the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills, Queens to the larger USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, three miles to the north. In the process, the tournament switched the court surface from clay, jimmy Connors is the only individual to have won US Open singles titles on all three surfaces, while Chris Evert is the only woman to win on two surfaces. The US Open is the only Grand Slam tournament that has played every year since its inception
23.
NBC Sports
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Other programming from outside producers – such as coverage of the Ironman Triathlon – is also presented on the network through NBC Sports. With Comcasts acquisition of NBCUniversal, its own sports networks were aligned with NBC Sports into a part of the division known as the NBC Sports Group. In 2000, NBC declined to renew its broadcast agreement with Major League Baseball, in 2002, it was additionally outbid by ESPN and ABC for the NBAs new broadcast contract, ending the leagues twelve-year run on NBC. During this era, NBC experimented with broadcasting emerging sports, in 2003, NBC obtained the broadcast rights and a minority interest in the Arena Football League. The network televised weekly games on a basis, as well as the entire playoffs. The deal lasted four years, after which the league and NBC parted ways, beginning with the 1999 Pennzoil 400, NBC began its foray into NASCAR. NBC, along with Fox, FX and TNT, obtained the broadcast rights of the top two series – the Winston Cup and Busch Series – in a deal, beginning in 2001. NBC televised the second half of the season and alternated coverage of the Daytona 500 with Fox, in December 2005, NBC announced that it would not renew its agreement with NASCAR. In 2001, NBC obtained the broadcast rights to horse racings Triple Crown in a five-year deal, in 2004, NBC reached a broadcast agreement with the National Hockey League. The revenue-sharing deal called for the two sides to split advertising revenue after the network recouped the expenses. NBC televised regular season games at first on Saturday afternoons before moving the telecast to Sundays, Saturday and Sunday afternoon playoff games, and up to five games of the Stanley Cup Final. Additionally in 2008, NBC broadcast the first Winter Classic, an outdoor NHL game played on New Years Day at Ralph Wilson Stadium, the following years Winter Classic would become the most-watched regular season game in 34 years. In addition to regular season success, Game 7 of the 2009 Stanley Cup Final was watched by an average of 8 million viewers. In January 2011, Comcast finalized its acquisition of a majority share in NBC Universal, as a result of the merger, the operations of Comcasts existing sports networks, such as Golf Channel and Versus, were merged into an entity known as the NBC Sports Group. NBC Sports senior vice president Mike McCarley additionally became Golf Channels new head, on July 3,2011, ESPN obtained the exclusive broadcast rights to Wimbledon in a 12-year deal, ending NBCs television relationship with The Championships after 42 years. On August 10,2011, NBC Sports also announced a new three-year broadcasting contract with Major League Soccer to produce games for the 2012 season on NBC and the NBC Sports Network. S. On October 15,2012, NBC Sports announced that it had acquired broadcast rights to the Formula One World Championship in a deal with the series. The majority of its coverage would air on NBCSN, while NBC would air the Monaco Grand Prix, Canadian Grand Prix, all races will also be streamed online and through the NBC Sports Live Extra mobile app
24.
The Championships, Wimbledon
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The Championships, Wimbledon, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and is widely considered the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, Wimbledon is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, the others being the Australian Open, the French Open and the US Open. Since the Australian Open shifted to hardcourt in 1988, Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass. The tournament takes place two weeks in late June and early July, culminating with the Ladies and Gentlemens Singles Final. Five major, junior, and invitational events are each year. Wimbledon traditions include a dress code for competitors and Royal patronage. The tournament is notable for the absence of sponsor advertising around the courts. In 2009, Wimbledons Centre Court was fitted with a roof to lessen the loss of playing time due to rain. The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club is a club founded on 23 July 1868. Its first ground was off Worple Road, Wimbledon, in 1876, lawn tennis, a game devised by Major Walter Clopton Wingfield a year or so earlier and originally given the name Sphairistikè, was added to the activities of the club. In spring 1877, the club was renamed The All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club, a new code of laws, replacing the code administered by the Marylebone Cricket Club, was drawn up for the event. Todays rules are similar except for such as the height of the net and posts. The inaugural 1877 Wimbledon Championship started on 9 July 1877 and the Gentlemens Singles was the event held. It was won by Spencer Gore, an old Harrovian rackets player, about 200 spectators paid one shilling each to watch the final. The lawns at the ground were arranged so that the court was in the middle with the others arranged around it. The name was retained when the Club moved in 1922 to the present site in Church Road, however, in 1980 four new courts were brought into commission on the north side of the ground, which meant the Centre Court was once more correctly defined. The opening of the new No.1 Court in 1997 emphasised the description, by 1882, activity at the club was almost exclusively confined to lawn tennis and that year the word croquet was dropped from the title. However, for reasons it was restored in 1899
25.
Donald Dell
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Donald Dell is an attorney and was a professional tennis player, U. S. Davis Cup captain, and administrator. Dell was one of the first professional sports agents, having represented professional tennis players Arthur Ashe, Stan Smith, Jimmy Connors, and Ivan Lendl during pro tennis golden age. He was also the founder of Professional Services, one of the nations first sports marketing firms established in 1970 with co-founder, Frank Craighill, a fellow law partner. His younger brother, Dick, worked for ProServ managing US Open champion Gabriela Sabatini and he was Big Ten #1 Singles Champion in 1969. Dell is considered one of the fathers of sports marketing and the agent business with IMGs Mark McCormack. Based on his vast experience, Dell wrote a book in 2009 entitled, Dell, was also very instrumental in establishing the Association of Tennis Professionals in 1972 with Jack Kramer and Cliff Drysdale, according to Kramer in his book The Game, My 40 years in Tennis. Clients of ProServ dominated the roles of the ATP in its formative years. ProServ was acquired in 1999 by SFX Sports Group, which became a subsidiary of Clear Channel Entertainment. Dell played his collegiate tennis at Yale University where he was a three-time All-American and he reached the NCAA singles finals in 1959, and was a semifinalist in 1960. He played on the United States Davis Cup team in 1961 and 1963 and was the captain of the winning Cup teams of 1968 and 1969. He was a quarterfinalist at the U. S. National championships, in 1961, and at the Cincinnati Masters he was a singles finalist in 1959, Dell received his undergraduate degree from Yale in 1960 and his law degree from the University of Virginia in 1964. He was also a co-founder of the ATP players union, and was co-founder with childhood friend, John A. Harris, Head of Potomac Ventures, of the Citi Open tennis tournament in Washington, D. C. in 1969. Dell is the Vice Chairman of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, Dell broadcast tennis for PBS and NBC television in the 1970s and 80s with Bud Collins and Barry MacKay, and makes appearances on the CBS local affiliate station, WUSA. His last interview was July 31,2007 with Andrea Roane and he was the Agent for Barry MacKay. Who died on June 15,2012 and he was enshrined into the ITA College Tennis Hall of Fame in 1993. He was elected to the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2009, Donald Dell at the International Tennis Hall of Fame Donald Dell at the Davis Cup
26.
PBS
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The Public Broadcasting Service is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor. PBS is funded by member dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, government agencies, corporations, foundations. All proposed funding is subjected to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source, since the mid-2000s, Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States. This arbitrary distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion and it also operates National Datacast, a subsidiary which offers datacasting services via member stations, and provides additional revenue for PBS and its member stations. In 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations, each station is charged with the responsibility of programming local content for their individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS and other public television distributors. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts, scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, however, PBS has a policy of common carriage, which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common programming schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former Los Angeles member KCET cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011. Most PBS stations timeshift some distributed programs, once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers retain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, in 1991, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting resumed production for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of Washington Week in Review and Wall Street Week. In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable, the strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful. In 2011, PBS released apps for iOS and Android to allow viewing of videos on mobile devices. An update in 2015 added Chromecast support, PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as YouTube for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, in the speech, later described as a “seminal moment” for public television, he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed PBS Digital Studios, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called “PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility. ”The studio’s first hit, in 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule. PBS broadcasts childrens programming as part of the morning and afternoon schedule. Unlike its radio counterpart, National Public Radio, PBS does not have a program production arm or news division
27.
2007 Wimbledon Championships
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The 2007 Wimbledon Championships were held between 25 June and 8 July 2007. For the first time there was prize money for the mens and womens singles champions. Reconstruction work on Centre Court was in progress and thus it had no roof and it was also the first year that Hawk-eye was used at Wimbledon. The Gentlemens final was won by Roger Federer for the consecutive time. It was the third longest mens final of all time at 3 hours and 45 minutes. Venus Williams claimed the Ladies Title by defeating Frenchwoman Marion Bartoli, for the first time in twenty years, the Championships saw a home player win a senior title as Jamie Murray won the mixed doubles with Serbian partner Jelena Janković. Roger Federer defeated Rafael Nadal 7–6, 4–6, 7–6, 2–6, 6–2Federer won his fifth consecutive title and it was also the first time that Federer had played five sets in the final of a Grand Slam. Arnaud Clément / Michaël Llodra defeated Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan 6–7, 6–3, 6–4, 6–4 • It was Cléments 1st, • It was Llodras 3rd career Grand Slam doubles title and his 1st at Wimbledon. Cara Black / Liezel Huber defeated Katarina Srebotnik / Ai Sugiyama 3–6, 6–3, 6–2 It was Blacks 4th career Grand Slam doubles title and it was Hubers 3rd career Grand Slam doubles title and her 2nd at Wimbledon. Jelena Janković / Jamie Murray defeated Alicia Molik / Jonas Björkman 6–4, 3–6, vladimir Ignatic 7-5, 6-1 Urszula Radwańska def. Madison Brengle 2-6, 6-3, 6-0 Daniel Lopez / Matteo Trevisan def. Roman Jebavý / Martin Kližan 7-6, 4-6, misaki Doi / Kurumi Nara 6-4, 2-6, - Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis def. Mark Petchey / Chris Wilkinson 6-2, 6-2 Jeremy Bates / Anders Järryd def, kevin Curren / Johan Kriek 6-3, 6-3 Jana Novotná / Helena Suková def. Ilana Kloss / Rosalyn Nideffer 6-3, 6-3 Robin Ammerlaan / Ronald Vink def, shingo Kunieda / Satoshi Saida 4-6, 7-5, 6-2 1Daily previews and reviews films will be added as soon as possible. Note that only certain Windows computers can accommodate the requirement to watch highlights films, Martina Hingis had to save two match points against British wildcard Naomi Cavaday on Day 1, almost repeating her first-round exit from the 2001 championships. Hingis eventually went on to win the match 6-7, 7-5, janko Tipsarević beat Fernando González 6-3, 3-6, 6-3, 4-6, 8-6 to advance to the fourth round. Tipsarević was ranked 64 and González was seeded 5 but ranked 6, tim Henman defeated Carlos Moyà in round 1 after going down two sets to one in a match that lasted two days with a 5th set scoreline of 13-11. Henman failed to convert 6 match points before capitalizing from a fault by Moya on the 7th match point. Juan Carlos Ferrero also came back, this time from two sets to none down in a match suspended for 2 days, 7-5 in the 5th set against Jan Hájek
28.
Bob Ryan
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Robert P. Bob Ryan is an American sportswriter formerly for The Boston Globe. Ryan announced in early 2012 his retirement from sports writing after 44 years once the 2012 Olympic Games concluded and his final column in The Boston Globe was published August 12,2012. Born in Trenton, New Jersey, Ryan grew up in a house and he graduated from Boston College as a history major in 1968. Ryan and his wife Elaine have a daughter Jessica, and a son Keith who died in 2008 and they have been married since 1969. Today, Ryan lives in Hingham, Massachusetts, the dedication page in Forty Eight Minutes, one of Ryans books, says, To Elaine Ryan, In the next life, maybe youll get a nine-to-five man who makes seven figures. Ryan has also done humanitarian fundraisers for years to help inner-city teenagers with their educations, on January 28,2008 his 37-year-old son Keith, was found dead in his home in Islamabad, Pakistan. A State Department spokesperson would only say the death was under investigation, Bob Ryan released the following statement, Everyone is devastated. I am well aware of reports and we are very concerned about that. We have no reason at this time to doubt the official version, Keith had been working in Pakistan since December 2006 as an attache for the U. S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency. Keith was a 1988 graduate of Hingham High School, Trinity College and he had previously worked for the U. S. Border Patrol, LAPD and the Immigration and Naturalization Service, where he was assigned to the violent gang task force, Keith was married to Kate and had three children, Conor, John, and Amelia, who live in Silver Spring, Maryland. In the fall of 1969 a vacancy on the Globes Celtics beat was created, while covering the Celtics, Ryan developed a close relationship with the Celtics organization. Ryan would even go out to dinner with the team, Ryan sat at the press table 8 seats from the Celtics bench, where colleagues referred to him as the Commissioner, not unlike Peter Gammonss nickname. Boston Sports Media critic Bruce Allen has said, His passion is not faked, one night Hue Hollins, the referee, went to the press table to explain a call to Ryan during a time-out even though he was not obligated to. Another time Ryan wrote a column about the Washington Bullets Rick Mahorn, when Mahorn was called for a foul Gene Shue, the Bullets coach, turned around and said, Thats your fault, Bob Ryan, your fault. Dennis Johnson was often annoyed with Ryan and would go up to the table and say, Hey, Bob. We got a game going on here when Ryan sideline coached, from Ryans first column on Larry Bird headlined Celtics draft Bird for oh what a future to his last Larry. Ryan was always a fan of his and eventually co-authored a book with him, in Tom Heinsohns book Give em the Hook, Heinsohn is negative towards Ryan
29.
ESPN
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ESPN is a U. S. -based global cable and satellite sports television channel owned by ESPN Inc. a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation. ESPN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located in Bristol, Connecticut, the network also operates offices in Miami, New York City, Seattle, Charlotte, and Los Angeles. John Skipper currently serves as president of ESPN, a position he has held since January 1,2012, as of February 2015, ESPN is available to approximately 94,396,000 paid television households in the United States. In 2011, ESPNs history and rise was chronicled by These Guys Have All the Fun, Bill Rasmussen conceived the concept of ESPN in late May 1978, after he was fired from his job with the World Hockey Associations New England Whalers. One of the first steps in Bill and his son Scotts process was finding land to build the channels broadcasting facilities, the Rasmussens first rented office space in Plainville, Connecticut. However, the plan to base ESPN there was put on hold because a local ordinance prohibiting buildings from bearing rooftop satellite dishes and this helped the credibility of the fledgling company, however there were still many doubters to the viability of their sports channel concept. ESPN launched on September 7,1979, beginning with the first telecast of what would become the flagship program. Taped in front of a live audience inside the Bristol studios. ESPNs next big break came when the acquired the rights to broadcast coverage of the early rounds of the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament. It first aired the NCAA tournament in March 1980, creating the modern day television event known as March Madness. The channels tournament coverage also launched the career of Dick Vitale. In April of that year, ESPN created another made-for-TV spectacle, the next major stepping stone for ESPN came over the course of a couple of months in 1984. During this time period, the American Broadcasting Company purchased 100% of ESPN from the Rasmussens, for years, the NFL, NBA and Major League Baseball refused to consider cable as a means of broadcasting some of their games. However, with the backing of ABC, ESPNs ability to compete for major sports contracts greatly increased, later in 1984, the U. S. ESPNs Sunday Night Football games would become the highest-rated NFL telecasts for the next 17 years. In 1992, ESPN launched ESPN Radio, a sports talk radio network providing analysis. It became the fastest growing cable channel in the U. S. during the 1990s, ownership of ABC, and in effect control of ESPN, was acquired first by Capital Cities Communications in 1985, and then by The Walt Disney Company in 1996. In 2012, ESPN generated more revenue for Disney than any of its other properties combined, alongside its live sports broadcasts, ESPN also airs a variety of sports highlight, talk, and documentary-styled shows. 30 for 30 started airing in 2009 and continues airing to this day, each episode is through the eyes of a well known filmmaker and has featured some of the biggest directors in Hollywood
30.
Dick Enberg
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Richard Alan Dick Enberg, Ph. D. is a retired American sportscaster. He provided play-by-play for various sports on radio and television networks. Enberg is well known for his signature on-air catchphrases Touch em all and Oh and he also announced or hosted the Tournament of Roses Parade for many years, sometimes with the help of family members. Enberg retired from broadcasting in 2016, Enberg was born in Mount Clemens, Michigan. Following high school in nearby Armada, he played college baseball, Enberg then went on to graduate school at Indiana University, where he earned masters and doctorate degrees in health sciences. While at Indiana, Enberg voiced the first radio broadcast of the Little 500, from 1961 to 1965 he was an assistant professor and baseball coach at Cal State Northridge, then known as San Fernando Valley State College. Enberg is also a member of the Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity, in the late 1960s, Enberg began a full-time sportscasting career in Los Angeles, working for KTLA television and KMPC radio. Enberg was named California Sportscaster of the Year four times during this period, in the 1960s, Enberg announced boxing matches at L. A. s Olympic Auditorium. In 1968, Enberg was recommended by UCLA athletic director J. D. Enberg continued to call the occasional UCLA game for TVS through the early 1970s, usually teaming with Rod Hundley. In the 1970s, Enberg called the 1979 NCAA Championship game between Michigan State, led by Magic Johnson, and Indiana State, led by Larry Bird. He also hosted the television game show Sports Challenge. In the 1970 opening conference game in Pauley Pavilion, Oregon went into a stall against the UCLA Bruins, Enberg had run out of statistics and began to fill his radio broadcast with small talk. The movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid had just been released, and Enberg was humming the tune to Raindrops Keep Fallin on My Head, two nights later, at the Oregon State game, many students brought the lyrics to the song. Enberg promised that he would sing the song if UCLA won the conference championship and he sang the song following the final game of the season. The event was recorded in the Los Angeles Times and was recounted in the book Pauley Pavilion. During the 2006 NCAA Mens Basketball Championship broadcast, there was a feature on the event. In 1973, Enberg hosted the game show Baffle, which lasted just a year before being cancelled in 1974, a year later, producer Monty Hall hired Enberg to host the shorter-lived Three for the Money. In 1975, Enberg joined NBC Sports, Enberg replaced Curt Gowdy as lead play-by-play announcer for the NFL on NBC in 1979, and would pick up the networks telecast of the Rose Bowl Game in 1980
31.
ESPN2
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ESPN2 is an American basic cable and satellite television network that is owned by ESPN Inc. a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation. As of February 2015, ESPN2 is available to approximately 94,379,000 pay television households in the United States, ESPN2 launched on October 1,1993 at 7,30 p. m. Eastern Time. The youthful image was reflected in its overall presentation, which featured a graffiti-themed logo. ESPN2 also featured several news programs focused on specific sports, such as NFL 2Night, NHL 2Night. In 1995, ESPN2 introduced the BottomLine, a persistent news ticker which displayed sports news, the BottomLine would later be adopted by ESPN itself and all of its future properties. On-screen graphics used a color scheme instead of red to differentiate it from ESPN. On February 12,2007, the ESPN2 branding was stripped from most on-air presentation and replaced with ESPN, sports events presented on ESPN2 originally tended to be alternative sports such as poker, billiards, lumberjacking, extreme sports and, more recently, drum and bugle corps. In 2011, ESPN2 also acquired broadcast rights to delayed coverage for some American Le Mans Series events, the channel has also become ESPNs home for tennis coverage. The showpieces are all four of the Grand Slam tournaments, the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. Also featured on ESPN2 are the ATP World Tour Finals and U. S. -based tournaments, including the ATP Masters 1000 events at Indian Wells and Miami, as well as the US Open Series. ESPN2 formerly broadcast matches of the UEFA Champions League, until rights for that tournament moved to Fox Soccer, in 2003, ESPN2 began broadcasting Major League Lacrosse games. In March 2007, ESPN2 and the agreed on a new broadcast contract that will run until the 2016 season. ESPN2s former flagship show, the morning sports/entertainment program Cold Pizza, achieved success and saw several format. In January 2006, it was supplanted by the television simulcast of ESPN Radios Mike and Mike in the Morning, in May 2007, Cold Pizza moved from New York City to the ESPN headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut and was renamed ESPN First Take. After ESPN became part of a new broadcast contract with the association, in return, ESPN2 programming is often seen on ESPN during blackouts of games in certain markets. ESPN2 also often carries SportsCenter at times when the broadcast on ESPN is delayed by an event that overruns into one of the programs scheduled timeslots. The documentary would usually air for two hours, where the first hour would cover the production of the nights show on ESPN. The second hour usually spent time at production control while covering reaction to the nights developments, both ESPN and ESPN2 carried ABC News coverage of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon on September 11,2001
32.
French Open
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The French Open, often referred to as Roland Garros, is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. Roland Garros is the only Grand Slam event held on clay, French spelling rules dictate that in the name of a place or event named after a person, the elements of the name are joined together with a hyphen. Therefore, the names of the stadium and the tournament are hyphenated as Roland-Garros, in 1891 the Championnat de France, which is commonly referred to in English as the French Championships, was begun. It was only open to players who were members of French clubs. The first winner was a Briton—H, the first womens singles tournament, with four entries, was held in 1897. The mixed doubles event was added in 1902 and the doubles in 1907. This French club members only tournament was played until 1924, using four different venues during that period, Île de Puteaux, in Puteaux, the Racing Club de France, played on clay. For one year,1909, it was played at the Société Athlétique de la Villa Primrose in Bordeaux, Tennis Club de Paris, at Auteuil, Paris, played on clay. Another tournament, the World Hard Court Championships, is considered the precursor to the French Open as it was open to international competitors. Winners of this tournament included world no, 1s such as Tony Wilding from New Zealand and Bill Tilden from the US. In 1924 there was no World Hard Court Championships due to tennis being played at the Paris Olympic Games, in 1925, the French Championships became open to all amateurs internationally and was designated a major championship by the ILTF. It was held at the Stade Français in Saint-Cloud in 1925 and 1927, in 1926 the Racing Club de France hosted the event in Paris, site of the previous French club members only Championship, also on clay. In 1928, the Roland Garros stadium was opened and the event has held there ever since. After the Mousquetaires or Philadelphia Four won the Davis Cup on American soil in 1927, the Stade de France had offered the tennis authorities three hectares of land with the condition that the new stadium must be named after the World War I pilot, Roland Garros. The new Stade de Roland Garros, and its Center Court hosted that Davis Cup challenge, during World War II the tournament was held from 1941 through 1945 on the same grounds but these editions are not recognized by the French governing body, Fédération Française de Tennis. From 1946 through 1947, the French Championships were held after Wimbledon, in 1968, the French Championships became the first Grand Slam tournament to go open, allowing both amateurs and professionals to compete. Since 1981, new prizes have been presented, the Prix Orange, the Prix Citron, in another novelty, since 2006 the tournament has begun on a Sunday, featuring 12 singles matches played on the three main courts. Additionally, on the eve of the opening, the traditional Benny Berthet exhibition day takes place
33.
Australian Open
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The Australian Open is a major tennis tournament held annually over the last fortnight of January in Melbourne, Australia. First held in 1905, the tournament is chronologically the first of the four Grand Slam tennis events of the year – the other three being the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. It features mens and womens singles, mens, womens and mixed doubles and juniors championships, as well as wheelchair, legends, the Australian Open typically has high attendances, rivalling and occasionally exceeding the US Open. The tournament holds the record for the highest attendance at a Grand Slam event, the Australian Open is managed by Tennis Australia, formerly the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia, and was first played at the Warehousemans Cricket Ground in Melbourne in November 1905. This facility is now known as the Albert Reserve Tennis Centre, the tournament was first known as the Australasian Championships and then became the Australian Championships in 1927 and the Australian Open in 1969. Since 1905, the Australian Open has been staged in five Australian and two New Zealand cities, Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth, Christchurch and Hastings. Though started in 1905, the tournament was not designated as being a championship until 1924. The tournament committee changed the structure of the tournament to include seeding at that time, in 1972, it was decided to stage the tournament in Melbourne each year because it attracted the biggest patronage of any Australian city. The tournament was played at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club from 1972 until the move to the new Melbourne Park complex in 1988, the new facilities at Melbourne Park were envisaged to meet the demands of a tournament that had outgrown Kooyongs capacity. The move to Melbourne Park was an success, with a 90 percent increase in attendance in 1988 on the previous year at Kooyong. Because of Australias geographic remoteness, very few foreign players entered this tournament in the early 20th century, in the 1920s, the trip by ship from Europe to Australia took about 45 days. The first tennis players who came by boats were the US Davis Cup players in November 1946, even inside the country, many players could not travel easily. When the tournament was held in Perth, no one from Victoria or New South Wales crossed by train, in Christchurch in 1906, of a small field of 10 players, only two Australians attended and the tournament was won by a New Zealander. The first tournaments of the Australasian Championships suffered from the competition of the other Australasian tournaments, before 1905, all Australian states and New Zealand had their own championships, the first organised in 1880 in Melbourne and called the Championship of the Colony of Victoria. In those years, the best two players – Australian Norman Brookes and New Zealander Anthony Wilding – almost did not play this tournament, Brookes came once and won in 1911, and Wilding entered and won the competition twice. Their meetings in the Victorian Championships helped to determine the best Australasian players, even when the Australasian Championships were held in Hastings, New Zealand, in 1912, Wilding, though three times Wimbledon champion, did not come back to his home country. It was a problem for all players of the era. Brookes went to Europe only three times, where he reached the Wimbledon Challenge Round once and then won Wimbledon twice
34.
XM Satellite Radio
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XM Satellite Radio was one of the three satellite radio and online radio services in the United States and Canada, operated by Sirius XM Holdings. It provided pay-for-service radio, analogous to cable television and its service included 73 different music channels,39 news, sports, talk and entertainment channels,21 regional traffic and weather channels and 23 play-by-play sports channels. XM channels were identified by Arbitron with the label XM, the satellite service was officially launched on September 25,2001. On November 12,2008, Sirius and XM began broadcasting with their new, on January 13,2011, XM Satellite Radio, Inc. was dissolved as a separate entity and merged into Sirius XM Radio, Inc. Prior to its merger with Sirius, XM was the largest satellite radio company in the United States, while the satellite receiver radio service was its primary product, XM operated several audio and data services, and advertising. XMs primary business was satellite radio entertainment, XM carried music, news, sports, talk radio, comedy, and even radio drama. In addition, XM used to broadcast local weather and traffic conditions in its larger markets, the channel lineup was available on-line. To receive satellite radio programming, a customer was required to purchase a receiver, prices ranged from less than $50 to over $200. With a service commitment, it was possible to get a simple receiver for free, monthly packages started at US$6. 99/month but after adding multiple sports channels the monthly subscription changed to US$14. 49/month with add-on family radios at US$8. 99/month. Best-of-Sirius was available on US accounts for a monthly fee. Channel quality was in one of two flavors, stereo music channels at 39 kbit/s and mono talk channels at 16 kbit/s using proprietary compression, many subscribers have complained about the low quality of satellite radio sound. But providers have stuck with the plan for more channels instead of better quality, HD terrestrial digital radio, a competitor has always used this difference as a selling point. Prior to March 11,2009, XMRO was included with XM Radio subscriptions, XM also provided data services such as weather information for pilots and weather spotters through its Sirius XM Weather & Emergency datacasting service. This up to the weather information could be displayed in the cockpit of an aircraft equipped with a satellite weather receiver. Unlike weather radar, which relies on the aircrafts own equipment, the downside is that the various weather streams took around 15 minutes to complete the data download, meaning that the information can somewhat be out-of-date by the time it is shown. In-cockpit radar and lightning receivers returned truly realtime information, but they costed many thousands of dollars, FAA Temporary Flight Restrictions were also available and shown. Certain aircraft had the XM radio service into the audio system, as well. In 2005, AirTran Airways began putting XM Satellite Radio on their aircraft, while in January 2006, United Airlines started carrying prerecorded XM content in March 2006
35.
Associated Press
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The Associated Press is an American multinational nonprofit news agency headquartered in New York City that operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. The AP is owned by its contributing newspapers and radio and television stations in the United States, all of which stories to the AP. Most of the AP staff are members and are represented by the Newspaper Guild, which operates under the Communications Workers of America. As of 2007, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5,000 television, the photograph library of the AP consists of over 10 million images. The AP operates 243 news bureaus in 120 countries and it also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, as part of their cooperative agreement with the AP, most member news organizations grant automatic permission for the AP to distribute their local news reports. The AP employs the inverted pyramid formula for writing that enables the news outlets to edit a story to fit its available publication area without losing the storys essentials. Cutbacks at rival United Press International in 1993 left the AP as the United States primary news service, although UPI still produces and distributes stories and photos daily. Other English-language news services, such as the BBC, Reuters, some historians believe that the Tribune joined at this time, documents show it was a member in 1849. The New York Times became a member shortly after its founding in September 1851, initially known as the New York Associated Press, the organization faced competition from the Western Associated Press, which criticized its monopolistic news gathering and price setting practices. The revelations led to the demise of the NYAP and in December 1892, when the AP was founded, news became a salable commodity. The invention of the press allowed the New York Tribune in the 1870s to print 18,000 papers per hour. During the Civil War and Spanish–American War, there was a new incentive to print vivid, Melville Stone, who had founded the Chicago Daily News in 1875, served as AP General Manager from 1893 to 1921. He embraced the standards of accuracy, impartiality, and integrity, the cooperative grew rapidly under the leadership of Kent Cooper, who built up bureau staff in South America, Europe and, the Middle East. He introduced the telegraph typewriter or teletypewriter into newsrooms in 1914, in 1935, AP launched the Wirephoto network, which allowed transmission of news photographs over leased private telephone lines on the day they were taken. This gave AP a major advantage over other media outlets. While the first network was only between New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, eventually AP had its network across the whole United States, in 1945, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Associated Press v. The decision facilitated the growth of its main rival United Press International, AP entered the broadcast field in 1941 when it began distributing news to radio stations, it created its own radio network in 1974
36.
National Sports Media Association
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The National Sports Media Association or NSMA is an organization of sports media members in the United States, and constitutes the American chapter of the International Sports Press Association. Winston-Salem, North Carolina now serves as the headquarters for the NSMA, which is responsible for the organizing and counting of all the ballots for the National, State, the organization had been based in Salisbury, North Carolina until 2017. There are now more than 90 inductees in the Hall of Fame, the organization plans and funds the Annual Awards Program. When DiMizio died, Dr. Ed McKenzie took over the leadership role and its first Annual Awards Program was held in Salisbury, North Carolina, on April 12,1960. Lindsey Nelson was selected the 1959 National Sportscaster of the Year, in 1962 Grantland Rice was selected as the first Hall of Fame inductee. As Red Smith inducted Rice into the Hall of Fame, he said and it might never be heard from again. No matter, it cannot be improved, for it is perfect tonight with only Granny enshrined, though located in Salisbury, the NSSA office itself has bounced around town like a ping-pong ball. The Hall of Fame opened officially on May 1,2000 in the two-story,10, 000-square-foot former North Carolina Federal Savings and Loan building at 322 East Innes Street in Salisbury. When Claude Hampton became NSSA director, he was told the Hall of Fame was nothing more than a desk drawer with folders in the Chamber of Commerce building. He wanted a building and considered Catawba College as a location. The goal was to open the museum by 1992, an opening reception and dedication took place in 1991. But due to lack of funding, it took ten years for the building to actually open, until then, hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of memorabilia were stored in boxes. With the Hall of Fame open, visitors could hear Babe Ruths called shot, Hank Aarons 715th home run, the Ice Bowl, the 1992 Duke-Kentucky game, and young Tiger Woods on The Mike Douglas Show. On November 1,2005, Community Bank of Rowan purchased the Innes Street location and this required the NSSA to move to a temporary location on North Main Street in Salisbury, but visitors would not be allowed. Veteran sports journalist Dave Goren, best known as director at WXII-TV in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. On December 1 of that year, the NSSA held a reception at its new office in 1,900 square feet at 325 Lee Street in Salisbury. The warehouse only included a few such as shoes autographed by Ralph Sampson and a football signed by Berman. The NSSA has since moved to Summit Avenue in Salisbury, on the campus of Catawba College
37.
Jack Crawford (tennis)
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John Herbert Crawford, OBE was an Australian tennis player during the 1930s. He was the World No.1 player for 1933, during which year he won the Australian Open, the French Open, and Wimbledon and he also won the Australian Open in 1931,1932, and 1935. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1979, Crawford was born on 22 March 1908 in Urangeline, near Albury, New South Wales, the second youngest child of Jack Sr. and Lottie Crawford. He had no training as a child and practiced mainly by hitting against the house and school. Crawford played his first competition match at age 12 in a doubles match at the Habersfield club. He won the Australian junior championships four times from 1926 to 1929 which entitled him to the permanent possession of the trophy. In 1933, Crawford won the Australian Championships, French Championships, Crawford ended up losing the match, and tennis immortality, by the final score of 3–6, 13–11, 6–4, 0–6, 1–6. In his 1979 autobiography Jack Kramer, the long-time tennis promoter and great player himself and he was also known for taking a shot of whiskey between sets if the game was tense. Crawford was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island in 1979 and he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1976 for his services to sport. Crawford was a baseline player with a game that was based more on technical skills. He was not particularly fast but had excellent anticipation and his game was described as fluent and his style was compared with Henri Cochet. Crawford played with an old-fashioned flat-topped racket and always wore long, white flannels and a long-sleeved shirt
38.
Rod Laver
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Rodney George Rod Laver AC, MBE is an Australian former tennis player widely regarded as one of the greatest in tennis history. He was the No.1 ranked professional from 1964 to 1970, spanning four years before and he also was the No.1 amateur in 1961–62 according to Lance Tingay. He excelled on all of the surfaces of his time, grass, clay, hard, carpet. Despite being banned from playing the Grand Slam tournaments for the five prior to the Open Era. He is the player to twice achieve the calendar-year Grand Slam, in 1962 and 1969. Rodney George Laver was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia and he was the third of four children of Roy Laver, a cattleman and butcher, and his wife Melba Roffey. In 1966 Laver, aged 27, married Mary Benson in San Rafael, born Mary Shelby Peterson in Illinois, she was a divorcee with three children. Laver and Mary had a son and the family lived at various locations in California including Rancho Mirage, Corona del Mar, Mary Laver died in November 2012 at the age of 84 at their home in Carlsbad. Although of a short and medium build, Laver developed a technically complete serve-and-volley game. Dan Maskell, the Voice of Wimbledon, described him as technically faultless and his left-handed serve was well disguised and wide swinging. His groundstrokes on both flanks were hit with topspin, as was the attacking topspin lob, which Laver developed into a weapon and his stroke technique was based on quick shoulder turns, true swings, and accurate timing. His backhand, often hit on the run, was a point-ender that gave him an advantage, Laver was very quick and had a strong left forearm. Rex Bellamy wrote, The strength of that wrist and forearm gave him blazing power without loss of control, even when he was on the run, the combination of speed and strength, especially wrist strength, enabled him to hit ferocious winners when way out of court. At the net, he had forcing volleys, often hit as stroke volleys, especially on the backhand, he could hit sharp underspin angles as well. He was difficult to lob, because of his agility. As an amateur, Laver was a flashy player, often a late starter. He had to learn to control his adventurous shot-making and integrate percentage tennis into his game when he turned professional, in his prime, he could adapt his style to all surfaces and to all conditions. Laver had a record in five-set-matches, often turning things around with subtle changes of tactics
39.
Evonne Goolagong Cawley
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Evonne Goolagong Cawley AO, MBE is an Australian former World No.1 female tennis player. She was one of the leading players in the 1970s and early 1980s, during which she won 14 Grand Slam titles, seven in singles, six in womens doubles. Born Evonne Fay Goolagong, she is the third of eight children from an Australian Aboriginal family and her parents, Kenny Goolagong and Melinda, are members of the Wiradjuri people. She was born in Griffith, New South Wales, and grew up in the country town of Barellan. He persuaded Goolagongs parents to allow her to move to Sydney, here, she completed her School Certificate in 1968 and was at the same time coached by Edwards and lived in his household. Goolagong Cawley is 12th on the list of all-time singles grand slam winners level with Venus Williams and she took singles and doubles titles at the Australian and French Opens and Wimbledon, but she was unable to win any title at the US Open. She won seven Grand Slam singles titles in her career, reaching a total of eighteen Grand Slam singles finals, during the 1970s, she played in seventeen Grand Slam singles finals, a period record for any player, man or woman. From her first Grand Slam singles final appearance in January 1971 and her last for the decade in December 1977, in 1971,1975,1976 and 1977, Goolagong reached the final of every Grand Slam in which she competed. Between 1973 and 1978, she reached the final of almost every Grand Slam singles event she entered, also in 1974, Goolagong Cawley teamed up with Peggy Michel to win the Ladies Doubles title. She has won the doubles title at the Australian Open five times. After her victory over Chris Evert in the WTA Championship, she played in two tournaments for the remainder of 1976, losing in both finals to Evert. She focused instead on WTT Team Tennis and exhibition events, Goolagong Cawley realized during the 1976 US Open final that she was pregnant and did not play again on the regular tour until the late summer of 1977, continuing through to Wimbledon 1978. An ankle injury forced her to miss the remainder of 1978, Goolagong Cawley was then absent for almost all of 1981, returning to tournament play in Australia towards the end of the year and reaching the quarter-finals of the Australian Open. She played sporadically throughout 1982, before retiring after Wimbledon 1983 and she is the only mother to have won the Wimbledon title since Dorothea Lambert Chambers in 1914. Married to Roger Cawley in 1975, she had a daughter in 1977, Goolagong Cawley reached four consecutive US Open singles finals, from 1973 to 1976, but lost them all. She is the player in the open era of the event to have lost four consecutive finals. Goolagong Cawley made seven consecutive finals at the Australian Open, winning four titles in a row, despite reaching the final at her first two appearances in 1971 and 1972, after 1973 Goolagong Cawley did not compete at the French Open for a decade. She returned in 1983 for her final Grand Slam singles appearance and she lost in the last thirty-two to Chris Evert and did not compete in any further Grand Slam singles events
40.
Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show
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The Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show is a prestigious all-breed conformation show that has been held in New York City annually since 1877. Currently, the breed and Junior Showmanship competitions are held at Piers 92 and 94, while the group, the number of entries is so large at nearly 3000 that two days are required for all dogs to be judged. The Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show is one of a handful of benched shows in the United States. The Westminster show was first held on May 8,1877, making it the second-longest continuously held sporting event in the United States behind only the Kentucky Derby and they decided to create a kennel club called the Westminster Kennel Club specifically for the purpose of holding a dog show. The prizes for these first shows included such items as pearl handled pistols, of use to the hunters, the Westminster Kennel Club predates the formation of the American Kennel Club by seven years, and became the first club admitted to the AKC after AKCs founding in 1884. Breed parent clubs create the standards for judging their breeds, with the AKC administering the rules about shows, dogs are judged against their breed standards, to see how close each dog matches the standard, which is a written description of the ideal specimen of that breed. Because of space considerations at Madison Square Garden, the entry is limited to 2,800 dogs, Group and Best in Show judging take place in the evening at Madison Square Garden. The entry fills immediately on the first day that entries are accepted, since 1992, the club has invited the top five dogs in each breed to be pre-entered to assure that all the top dogs have the chance to compete. Today, Westminster takes place two days and nights every February. During the day, the dogs compete at the breed level, each Best of Breed winner advances into its respective group, of which there are seven. Group competition is held during the evenings, and the seven group winners advance into the final competition, since 2014, the show allowed mixed-breed dogs to compete in an agility event. Competition in Junior Showmanship has been held since 1934, the eight finalists all receive scholarships for post-secondary schooling. In addition, each year the club awards veterinary school scholarships for students from six schools, the show has been broadcast on live television since 1948. The program typically airs on a Monday and Tuesday, at the Garden, it has enjoyed sellout status since 2005, as tickets sell quickly once they go on sale each Fall. Indicative of its worldwide popularity, more than 700 press credentials are issued to media attending in person from more than 20 countries. In addition, each year the Westminster Web site has millions of visitors from around the world, the winning dog becomes Americas Dog for the next year. The AKC considers dogs to be property and has lobbied against mandatory spay-and-neuter programs, for many years, Roger A. Caras was known as The Voice of Westminster for providing the narration for the breed descriptions during the show. In 2001, Michael J. LaFave was named show announcer at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show and he was replaced by Jim Fagan in 2010, but returned in 2011
41.
USA Network
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USA Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the NBCUniversal Cable division of NBCUniversal, itself a subsidiary of Comcast. As of July 2015, USA Network is available to approximately 95.567 million pay television households in the United States, USA Network originally launched on September 22,1977 as the Madison Square Garden Network. The network was founded by cable provider UA-Columbia Cablevision and Kay Koplovitz, the channel was one of the first national cable television channels, using satellite delivery as opposed to microwave relay to distribute its programming to cable systems. Initially, the network ran a mix of college and less well-known professional sports, the channel began its broadcast day after 5,00 p. m. Eastern Time on weekdays and 12,00 p. m. Eastern Time on weekends. That fall, USA began signing on at 12,00 p. m. Eastern Time on weekdays, it added some talk shows. Sports programming began airing at 5,00 p. m. Eastern Time weekdays, in the fall of 1981, USA began its daily programming at 6,00 a. m. Later, in 1982, Time Inc. and Gulf+Westerns Paramount Pictures unit would buy stakes in the venture, the three partners had a non-compete clause that would prevent them from owning other basic cable networks independently from the USA joint venture. Said clause would cause Time Inc. to drop out of the venture in 1987, as the company attempted to buy CNN from Ted Turner, MCA and Paramount subsequently became the sole owners of the channel. In the fall of 1982, USA began operating on a 24-hour-a-day schedule, running a mix of shows, a childrens program. Weekends featured a mix of movies, some drama series and talk shows during the morning hours. Overnights consisted of old films and film shorts, and music as part of a show called Night Flight. One tradition on USA was a lineup of game show reruns mixed in with several original low-budget productions that aired over the years. It began in October 1984 with reruns of The Gong Show, more shows were progressively added soon afterward such as The Jokers Wild, Tic-Tac-Dough, Press Your Luck, High Rollers and Hollywood Squares, along with Wipeout, Face the Music and Name That Tune. In June 1987, the channel debuted another original game show, when it began, the game show block ran for an hour, but expanded significantly the following year. By 1989, the network ran game shows Monday through Fridays from 12,00 to 5,00 p. m. Eastern Time. In January 1989, USA debuted USA Up All Night, a showcase of feature films that aired as part of its weekend overnight schedule. Short news updates, branded as USA Updates, were shown from as early as 1989 until 2000, however, when KYWs news operations were heavily revamped in response to falling ratings in 1991, production of USA Updates was then taken over by the All News Channel. The ANC-produced updates continued through 2000, USA Network has not carried any news programming since the news updates were discontinued, USA Network was the first cable channel to preempted the syndicated market by purchasing a 26 Touchstone films package in October 1989
42.
International Tennis Hall of Fame
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The International Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It honors players and contributors to the sport of tennis and includes a museum, grass courts, an indoor tennis facility. By the 1950s, the retreat was struggling financially and was in danger of being demolished for modern retail space, in 1954, Jimmy Van Alen established the Tennis Hall of Fame and Museum in the Casino. The combination of matches and the museum allowed the building to be saved. It is an example of Victorian Shingle Style architecture, Van Alen intended the facility to be a shrine to the ideals of the game, and was elected president of the hall in 1957. The International Tennis Hall of Fame was officially sanctioned by the United States Tennis Association on its foundation in 1954, the first Hall of Fame members were inducted in 1955, as of 2010, there are 218 inductees from 19 countries. Martina Hingis became the first Global Ambassador for the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2015, the collection is displayed year-round in the museums 13,000 square feet of exhibit space. For a description of each award and a list of its recipients, part of the mens ATP World Tour, the tournament is the only grass court event in North America. Top male players come to Newport directly from Wimbledon to compete for the Van Alen Cup at the International Tennis Hall of Fame, past champions include Americans John Isner, and Mardy Fish, as well as two-time champion Fabrice Santoro of France. For a list of inductees—alphabetically, by country, and by year of induction—see footnote, note, Inductees are listed below in two categories. Tenniseum Official website 11 Intriguing Items at the International Tennis Hall of Fame article International Tennis Hall of Fame article
43.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and is a part of the Boston metropolitan area. According to the 2010 Census, the population was 105,162. As of July 2014, it was the fifth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, Worcester, Springfield, Cambridge was one of the two seats of Middlesex County prior to the abolition of county government in 1997, Lowell was the other. The site for what would become Cambridge was chosen in December 1630, because it was located safely upriver from Boston Harbor, Thomas Dudley, his daughter Anne Bradstreet, and her husband Simon, were among the first settlers of the town. The first houses were built in the spring of 1631, the settlement was initially referred to as the newe towne. Official Massachusetts records show the name capitalized as Newe Towne by 1632, the original village site is in the heart of todays Harvard Square. In the late 19th century, various schemes for annexing Cambridge itself to the city of Boston were pursued and rejected, in 1636, the Newe College was founded by the colony to train ministers. Newe Towne was chosen for the site of the college by the Great and General Court primarily—according to Cotton Mather—to be near the popular, in May 1638 the name of the settlement was changed to Cambridge in honor of the university in Cambridge, England. Hooker and Shepard, Newtownes ministers, and the colleges first president, major benefactor, in 1629, Winthrop had led the signing of the founding document of the city of Boston, which was known as the Cambridge Agreement, after the university. It was Governor Thomas Dudley who, in 1650, signed the charter creating the corporation which still governs Harvard College, Cambridge grew slowly as an agricultural village eight miles by road from Boston, the capital of the colony. By the American Revolution, most residents lived near the Common and Harvard College, with farms and estates comprising most of the town. Coming up from Virginia, George Washington took command of the volunteer American soldiers camped on Cambridge Common on July 3,1775, most of the Tory estates were confiscated after the Revolution. On January 24,1776, Henry Knox arrived with artillery captured from Fort Ticonderoga, a second bridge, the Canal Bridge, opened in 1809 alongside the new Middlesex Canal. The new bridges and roads made what were formerly estates and marshland into prime industrial and residential districts, in the mid-19th century, Cambridge was the center of a literary revolution when it gave the country a new identity through poetry and literature. Cambridge was home to some of the famous Fireside Poets—so called because their poems would often be read aloud by families in front of their evening fires, the Fireside Poets—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes—were highly popular and influential in their day. Cambridge was incorporated as a city in 1846, the citys commercial center began to shift from Harvard Square to Central Square, which became the downtown of the city around this time. The coming of the railroad to North Cambridge and Northwest Cambridge then led to three changes in the city, the development of massive brickyards and brickworks between Massachusetts Ave. For many decades, the citys largest employer was the New England Glass Company, by the middle of the 19th century it was the largest and most modern glassworks in the world
44.
Spellingg Bee
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Spellingg Bee, also known as The Spellingg Bee, is the second episode of the first season of the American comedy-drama detective television series Psych. It was written by creator and co-executive producer Steve Franks. The episode originally aired on USA Network in the United States on July 14,2006 with a rating of TV-PG, the installment features guest appearances by Kirsten Nelson, Alexander Calvert, Kyle Pejpar, and Jeremy Loheir, among others. It also features an appearance by sportscaster Bud Collins, the series follows Shawn Spencer and his assistant Burton Gus Guster, who operate a fake psychic detective agency, which is actually based on Shawns hyperobservant ability. In the episode, Shawn and Gus are watching a spelling bee on TV when the expected champion collapses suddenly, suspecting a set-up, they investigate the bee. While there, the spellmaster suspiciously falls over a railing to his death, with help from Shawns father, Henry Spencer they discover poison in the spellmasters meal, confirming their thoughts. Shawn realizes that the situation was created by a contestant. The installment was written to be the third episode of the season. Like most episodes of the series, it was filmed in, Spellingg Bee received mixed-to-positive reception from television critics. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was watched by 4.71 million people during its original broadcast and it received a 1.5 rating/5 share among viewers in the 18–49 demographic. Actor Dulé Hill was nominated for an award at the 13th NAMIC Vision Awards for his performance in the episode, Shawn Spencer buys a newspaper and walks back into a restaurant to find his seat taken. The girl in his seat introduces herself as Juliet OHara, Shawn realizes shes a cop, and immediately after he does, she and several officers arrest a man at the bar. Later, Burton Gus Guster is in the Psych office, watching the local spelling bee on TV, shortly after Shawn enters the office, expected spelling bee champion Brandon Vu collapses, to the shock of the audience. Shawn notices something wrong with Vus inhaler, and realizes that Vu was intentionally harmed and they receive a phone call from interim police chief Karen Vick asking them to investigate the bee. They interview Vu at the hospital, who tells them that his inhaler was not working during the competition and they begin individual interviews with the competitors, but discover no leads. While they are waiting between interviews, spellmaster Cavanaugh experiences chest pain and falls over a railing to his death, in front of Shawn, the police write off his death as a heart attack, Shawn and Gus are skeptical, and break into Cavanaughs booth to investigate. Gus finds Cavanaughs lunch, and believes that it is poisoned due to its unusual smell, Shawn takes it to his father, Henry Spencer, to have it analyzed. Henry demands that in return, Shawn must build a dog house he promised to make in 1989, while riding back to the office, he is run off the road by a mysterious van
45.
Psych
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Psych is an American detective comedy-drama television series created by Steve Franks and broadcast on USA Network with syndicated reruns on ION Television. It is produced by Franks and Tagline Televisions Chris Henze and Kelly Kulchak, Psych debuted on Friday, July 7,2006, immediately following the fifth-season premiere of Monk, and continued to be paired with the series until Monks conclusion on December 4,2009. During the second season, a segment titled The Big Adventures of Little Shawn. It was the highest-rated U. S. basic cable television premiere of 2006. USA Network renewed the series for a season on December 19,2012, to include eight episodes. On February 5,2014, USA Network confirmed that the season of Psych would be its last. Most episodes begin with a cold open in the form of a flashback to Shawn, the flashbacks usually involve Shawn and Gus being taught a lesson by a young Henry Spencer, who wishes that his son would follow in his footsteps and become a law enforcement officer. These lessons often play a role for the climax of the episode, as a child, Shawn was taught by Henry to hone his powers of observation and deduction, often using games and challenges to test him. Each flashback also sets the theme for the episode, Shawn originally becomes known as a psychic when, after calling in tips on dozens of crimes covered on the news which help the police to close the case, the police become suspicious of his knowledge. The police theorize that such knowledge could only come from the inside, to avoid being sent to jail, Shawn uses his observational skills to convince the police that he is psychic. The interim police chief warns Shawn that if his powers are fake, pretending to have psychic powers allows him to engage in strange and comic behavior as he turns real clues into hunches and otherworldly visitations. He enjoys teasing lifelong friend Burton Guster, a pharmaceutical representative, Henry and Shawn have a difficult relationship, but despite this, Henry reluctantly helps Shawn on various occasions. Shawn Spencer is a consultant with the Santa Barbara Police Department who pretends to be a psychic. However, really his exceptional skills and eidetic memory allow him to obtain his visions. He refuses to take anything seriously, but has matured throughout the seasons. He has had romantic tension with Juliet OHara since they met, in the middle of season six, he tries to propose to her, but finds out that neither of them is ready. Though the two hit a bump in season seven when she discovers he is not psychic, they soon reconcile, when she moves to San Francisco to be Vicks head detective, he realizes he cannot live without her and resolves to move there. In a final effort to clean, he makes several DVDs, one of which he sends to Lassiter, upon which he starts to confess the truth to him
46.
Simon & Schuster
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Simon & Schuster, Inc. a subsidiary of CBS Corporation, is an American publishing company founded in New York City in 1924 by Richard Simon and Max Schuster. As of 2016, Simon & Schuster publishes 2,000 titles annually under 35 different imprints, in 1924, Richard Simons aunt, a crossword puzzle enthusiast, asked whether there was a book of New York World crossword puzzles, which were very popular at the time. After discovering that none had been published, Simon and Max Schuster decided to launch a company to exploit the opportunity, at the time, Simon was a piano salesman and Schuster was editor of an automotive trade magazine. They pooled US$8,000 to start a company to publish crossword puzzles, fad publishing became the business model for the new publishing house, which set out to exploit current fads and trends and publish books with commercial appeal. Instead of signing authors with a manuscript, they came up with their own ideas. In the 1930, the moved to what was known as Publishers Row on Park Avenue in Manhattan. In 1939, with Robert Fair de Graff, Simon & Schuster founded Pocket Books, in 1942, Simon & Schuster, or Essandess as it is called in the initial announcement, launched the Little Golden Books series in cooperation with the Artists and Writers Guild. Simon & Schusters partner in the venture was the Western Printing and Lithographing Company, Western Printing bought out Simon & Schusters interest in 1958. In 1944, Marshall Field III, owner of the Chicago Sun, purchased Simon & Schuster, following Fields death in 1957, his heirs sold the company back to Richard Simon and Max Schuster, while Leon Shimkin and James Jacobson acquired Pocket Books. In the 1950s and 1960s, many publishers including Simon & Schuster turned toward educational publishing due to the boom market. Pocket Books focused on paperbacks for the market instead of textbooks. By 1964 it had published over 200 titles and was expected to put out another 400 by the end of that year, Books published under the imprint included classic reprints such as Lorna Doone, Ivanhoe, Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, and Robinson Crusoe. In 1966, Max Schuster retired and sold his half of Simon & Schuster to Leon Shimkin, Shimkin then merged Simon & Schuster with Pocket Books under the name of Simon & Schuster. Among his many bestsellers was Joseph Hellers Catch-22, in 1976, Gulf+Western headed by Charles Bluhdorn acquired S&S, which was grossing about US$50 million a year for $11 million, most of it in Gulf+Western stock. After the death of Bluhdorn in 1983, Simon & Schuster made the decision to diversify, bluhdorns successor Martin Davis told The New York Times, Society was undergoing dramatic changes, so that there was a greater need for textbooks, maps and educational information. We saw the opportunity to diversify into areas, which are more stable. In 1984, CEO Richard E. Snyder acquired Esquire Corporation, buying everything, Prentice Hall was brought into the company fold in 1985 for over $700 million and Martin Davis said that Prentice Hall became the road map for remodeling the company and a catalyst for change. This acquisition was followed by Silver Burdett in 1986, mapmaker Gousha in 1987, part of the acquisition included educational publisher Allyn & Bacon which according to Michael Korda became the nucleus of S&Ss educational and informational business
