1.
Second baseman
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In baseball and softball, second baseman is a fielding position in the infield, between third and first base. The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet, needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly, in addition, second basemen are usually right-handed, only four left-handed throwing players have ever played second base since 1950. In the numbering system used to record plays, the second baseman is assigned the number 4. Good second basemen need to have very good range, since they have to field balls closer to the first baseman who is often holding runners on, on a batted ball to right field, the second baseman goes out towards the ball for the relay. Due to these requirements, second base is sometimes a primarily defensive position in the modern game, the second baseman catches line drives or pop flies hit near him, and fields ground balls hit near him and then throws the ball to a base to force out a runner. In this case, if the runner is to be forced out at second base then that base is covered by the shortstop. With a runner on first base, on a ball to the shortstop or third baseman the second baseman will cover second base to force out the runner coming from first. com
2.
Ellisville, Mississippi
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Ellisville is a city in and the first county seat of Jones County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 4,448 at the time of the 2010 census, the Jones County Courthouse is located here, as is much of the county government. The state legislature authorized a county seat at Laurel, Mississippi, to the northeast. It is a Micropolitan Statistical area, the city is named for Powhatan Ellis, a former U. S. Senator for Mississippi who identified as a descendant of Pocahontas and her father, Ellisville was designated as the county seat, and it became the major commercial and population center of Jones County through the early decades of development in the nineteenth century. During the American Civil War, Ellisville and Jones County were a center of pro-Union resistance, the county had mostly yeomen farmers and cattle herders, who were not slaveholders. Slaves constituted only 12% of the population in 1860, as conditions generally did not support cultivation of large cotton plantations. It had the lowest proportion of slaves of any county in the state in 1860, many local men resented going to war to support slaveholders, and worried about the survival of their families, where women and children worked to keep subsistence farms going. They resented Confederate tax collectors who took the goods and stores their families needed to live, Confederate deserters and refugee slaves formed a resistance group known as the Knight Company, led by Newton Knight, First Lieutenant Jasper Collins, and Second Lieutenant William Wesley Sumrall. They were known to take refuge in a swamp along the Leaf River, along with as many as 100 other southern men, they fought several skirmishes with tax men and other Confederate units eventually sent to crush the resistance. In 1864 they took control in Ellisville, raising the United States flag over the courthouse in place of the Confederate flag. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Ellisville lost primacy to nearby Laurel, Mississippi and its population in the mid-20th century was nearly six times that of Ellisville. Laurel has attracted other industries and is the center of a Micropolitan Statistical area, the Jones County Sheriffs Department is based in Laurel. But the county government is based in Ellisville, at the Jones County Courthouse. Ellisville reflects the demographics of the county, and is majority white, Laurel is majority African American in population, reflecting the migration of agricultural workers to the city for industrial and urban jobs. Ellisville is located at 31°36′4″N 89°12′8″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.6 square miles, of which 5.5 square miles is land and 0.1 square miles is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,465 people,1,220 households, the population density was 628.9 people per square mile. There were 1,380 housing units at a density of 250.5 per square mile
3.
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Baton Rouge is the capital of the U. S. state of Louisiana and its second-largest city. It forms the seat of East Baton Rouge Parish and is located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River. As the Capital City, Baton Rouge is the hub for Louisiana. The metropolitan area surrounding the city, known as Greater Baton Rouge, is also the second-largest in Louisiana, the urban area has around 594,309 inhabitants. Baton Rouge is an industrial, petrochemical, medical, research, motion picture. The Port of Greater Baton Rouge is the tenth largest in the United States in terms of tonnage shipped, the Baton Rouge area owes its historical importance to its strategic site upon the Istrouma Bluff, the first natural bluff upriver from the Mississippi River Delta. This allowed development of a business quarter safe from seasonal flooding, in addition, the city built a levee system stretching from the bluff southward to protect the riverfront and low-lying agricultural areas. The city is a rich center, with settlement by immigrants from numerous European nations. It was ruled by seven different governments, French, British, and Spanish in the era, West Floridian, United States territory and state, Confederate. Human habitation in the Baton Rouge area has been dated to 12000 –6500 BC based on evidence found along the Mississippi, Comite, earthwork mounds were built by hunter-gatherer societies in the Middle Archaic period, from roughly the 4th millennium BC. Eastern Muskogean began to diversify internally in the first half of the 1st millennium AD, at the time, the region appeared to be occupied by a collection of moderately-sized native chiefdoms interspersed with autonomous villages and tribal groups. French explorer Sieur dIberville led a party up the Mississippi River in 1699. The explorers saw a red pole marking the boundary between the Houma and Bayogoula tribal hunting grounds, see also Red Sticks for the ceremonial use of red sticks among the Muscogee. The location of the red pole was presumably at Scotts Bluff and it was reportedly a 30-foot-high painted pole adorned with fish bones. The settlement of Baton Rouge by Europeans began in 1721 when a military post was established by French colonists. Since European settlement, Baton Rouge has been governed by France, Britain, Spain, Louisiana, the Republic of West Florida, the Confederate States, and the United States. In 1755, when French-speaking settlers of Acadia in Canadas Maritime provinces were driven into exile by British forces, popularly known as Cajuns, the descendants of the Acadians maintained a separate culture. During the first half of the 19th century, the city grew steadily as the result of steamboat trade, Baton Rouge was incorporated in 1817
4.
Batting average
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Batting average is a statistic in cricket, baseball, and softball that measures the performance of batsmen in cricket and batters in baseball. The development of the statistic was influenced by the cricket statistic. In cricket, a batting average is the total number of runs they have scored divided by the number of times they have been out. The number is also simple to interpret intuitively, if all the batsmans innings were completed, this is the average number of runs they score per innings. If they did not complete all their innings, this number is an estimate of the average number of runs they score per innings. Batting average has been used to gauge cricket players relative skills since the 18th century, most players have career batting averages in the range of 20 to 40. This is also the range for wicket-keepers, though some fall short. All-rounders who are more prominent bowlers than batsmen typically average something between 20 and 30,15 and under is typical for specialist bowlers. Under this qualification, the highest Test batting average belongs to Australias Sir Donald Bradman, given that a career batting average over 50 is exceptional, and that only four other players have averages over 60, this is an outstanding statistic. The fact that Bradmans average is so far above that of any other cricketer has led several statisticians to argue that, statistically at least, he was the greatest sportsman in any sport. As at 21 October 2016, Adam Voges of Australia has recorded an average of 72.75 from 27 innings played and it should also be remembered, especially in relation to the ODI histogram above, that there were no ODI competitions when Bradman played. If their scores have a geometric distribution then total number of runs scored divided by the number of times out is the maximum likelihood estimate of their true unknown average, Batting averages can be strongly affected by the number of not outs. A different, and more developed, statistic which is also used to gauge the effectiveness of batsmen is the strike rate. It measures a different concept however – how quickly the batsman scores – so it does not supplant the role of batting average and it is used particularly in limited overs matches, where the speed at which a batsman scores is more important than it is in first-class cricket. Table shows players with at least 20 innings completed, in baseball, the batting average is defined by the number of hits divided by at bats. It is usually reported to three places and read without the decimal, A player with a batting average of.300 is batting three-hundred. A point is understood, in only, to be.001. If necessary to break ties, batting averages could be taken beyond the.001 measurement, henry Chadwick, an English statistician raised on cricket, was an influential figure in the early history of baseball
5.
Hit (baseball)
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If a batter reaches first base because of offensive interference by a preceding runner, he is also credited with a hit. A hit for one base is called a single, for two bases a double, and for three bases a triple, a home run is also scored as a hit. Doubles, triples, and home runs are also called extra base hits, an infield hit is a hit where the ball does not leave the infield. Infield hits are uncommon by nature, and most often earned by speedy runners, a no-hitter is a game in which one of the teams prevented the other from getting a hit. Throwing a no-hitter is rare and considered an accomplishment for a pitcher or pitching staff. In most cases in the game, no-hitters are accomplished by a single pitcher who throws a complete game. A pitcher who throws a no-hitter could still allow runners to reach safely, by way of walks, errors, hit batsmen. If the pitcher allows no runners to reach base, the no-hitter is a perfect game, in 1887, Major League Baseball counted bases on balls as hits. The result was skyrocketing batting averages, including some near.500, Tip ONeill of the St. Louis Browns batted.485 that season, the experiment was abandoned the following season. There is controversy regarding how the records of 1887 should be interpreted, the number of legitimate walks and at-bats are known for all players that year, so computing averages using the same method as in other years is straightforward. In 1968, Major League Baseball formed a Special Baseball Records Committee to resolve this issues, the Committee ruled that walks in 1887 should not be counted as hits. Most current sources list ONeills 1887 average as.435, as calculated by omitting his walks and he would retain his American Association batting championship. However, the variance between methods results in differing recognition for the 1887 National League batting champion, cap Anson would be recognized, with his.421 average, if walks are included, but Sam Thompson would be the champion at.372 if they are not. The official rulebook of Major League Baseball states in Rule 10, Rule 10.05 Comment, In applying Rule 10.05, the official scorer shall always give the batter the benefit of the doubt. Runner is called out for interference with a fielder attempting to field a batted ball, unless in the scorers judgment the batter-runner would have been safe had the interference not occurred
6.
Home run
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In modern baseball, the feat is typically achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fence between the foul poles without first touching the ground, resulting in an automatic home run. There is also the home run, increasingly rare in modern baseball. When a home run is scored, the batter is credited with a hit and a run scored. Likewise, the pitcher is recorded as having given up a hit, a batted ball is also a home run if it touches either foul pole or its attached screen before touching the ground, as the foul poles are by definition in fair territory. A batted ball that goes over the wall after touching the ground is not a home run. A fielder is allowed to reach over the wall to attempt to catch the ball as long as his feet are on or over the field during the attempt. If the fielder successfully catches the ball while it is in flight the batter is out, however, since the fielder is not part of the field, a ball that bounces off a fielder and over the wall without touching the ground is still a home run. A home run accomplished in any of the above manners is a home run. This stipulation is in Approved Ruling of Rule 7.10, an inside-the-park home run occurs when a batter hits the ball into play and is able to circle the bases before the fielders can put him out. Unlike with a home run, the batter-runner and all preceding runners are liable to be put out by the defensive team at any time while running the bases. This can only happen if the ball does not leave the ballfield, with outfields much less spacious and more uniformly designed than in the games early days, inside-the-park home runs are now a rarity. They are usually the result of a ball being hit by a very fast runner, either way, this sends the ball into open space in the outfield and thereby allows the batter-runner to circle the bases before the defensive team can put him out. The speed of the runner is crucial as even triples are relatively rare in most modern ballparks, all runs scored on such a play, however, still count. An example of an unexpected bounce occurred during the 2007 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at AT&T Park in San Francisco on July 10,2007, by the time the ball was relayed, Ichiro had already crossed the plate standing up. This was the first inside-the-park home run in All-Star Game history, Home runs are often characterized by the number of runners on base at the time. A home run hit with the bases empty is seldom called a one-run homer, with one runner on base, two runs are scored and thus the home run is often called a two-run homer or two-run shot. Similarly, a home runs with two runners on base is a three-run homer or three-run shot, the term four-run homer is seldom used, instead, it is nearly always called a grand slam. Hitting a grand slam is the best possible result for the turn at bat
7.
Run batted in
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A run batted in, plural runs batted in, is a statistic in baseball and softball that credits a batter for making a play that allows a run to be scored. For example, if the batter bats a base hit, then another player on a base can go home. Prior to the 1920 Major League Baseball season, runs batted in were not a baseball statistic. Nevertheless, the RBI statistic was tabulated—unofficially—from 1907 through 1919 by baseball writer Ernie Lanigan, common nicknames for an RBI include ribby, rib, and ribeye. The plural of RBI is generally RBIs, although some commentators use RBI as both singular and plural, as it can stand for runs batted in. The official scorers judgment must determine whether a run batted in shall be credited for a run that scores when a fielder holds the ball or throws to a wrong base. The perceived significance of the RBI is displayed by the fact that it is one of the three categories that comprise the triple crown, in addition, career RBIs are often cited in debates over who should be elected to the Hall of Fame. This implies that better offensive teams—and therefore, the teams in which the most players get on base—tend to produce hitters with higher RBI totals than equivalent hitters on lesser-hitting teams, totals are current through October 8,2015
8.
Boston Red Sox
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The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the American League East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in 13, founded in 1901 as one of the American Leagues eight charter franchises, the Red Sox home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The Red Sox name was chosen by the owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had known as the Boston Red Stockings. Boston was a dominant team in the new league, defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918. Following their victory in the 2013 World Series, they became the first team to win three World Series trophies in the 21st century, including championships in 2004 and 2007. Red Sox history has also marked by the teams intense rivalry with the Yankees. The Boston Red Sox are owned by Fenway Sports Group, which owns the Liverpool F. C. of the Premier League in England. The Red Sox are consistently one of the top MLB teams in road attendance. From May 15,2003 to April 10,2013, the Red Sox sold out every home game—a total of 820 games for a professional sports record. Neil Diamonds Sweet Caroline has become an anthem for the Red Sox, the name Red Sox, chosen by owner John I. Taylor after the 1907 season, refers to the red hose in the team uniform beginning 1908. Sox had been adopted for the Chicago White Sox by newspapers needing a headline-friendly form of Stockings. The team name Red Sox had previously used as early as 1888 by a colored team from Norfolk. The Spanish language media sometimes refers to the team as Medias Rojas, the official Spanish site uses the variant Los Red Sox. The Red Stockings nickname was first used by a team by the Cincinnati Red Stockings. Managed by Harry Wright, Cincinnati adopted a uniform with white knickers and red stockings and earned the famous nickname, the Boston Red Stockings won four championships in the five seasons of the new National Association, the first professional league. Other names were used before Boston officially adopted the nickname Braves in 1912
9.
Major League Baseball All-Star Game
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The game usually occurs on either the second or third Tuesday in July, and is meant to mark a symbolic halfway-point in the MLB season. Both of the major leagues share a common All-Star break, with no games scheduled on the day before or two days after the All-Star Game itself. Some additional events and festivities associated with the game take place each year close to, no official MLB All-Star Game was held in 1945 including the official selection of players due to World War II travel restrictions. The first All-Star Game was held on July 6,1933 as part of the 1933 Worlds Fair in Chicago, at Comiskey Park and was initiated by Arch Ward, initially intended to be a one-time event, its great success resulted in making the game an annual one. The venue for the All-Star Game is chosen by Major League Baseball, the criteria for the venue are subjective, generally, cities with new ballparks and those who have not hosted the game in a long time—or ever—tend to get selected. New York City has hosted more than any city, having done so nine times in five different stadiums. At the same time, the New York Mets failed to host for 48 seasons, in the first two decades of the game there were two pairs of teams that shared ballparks, located in Philadelphia and St. Louis. This led to some shorter-than-usual gaps between the use of venues, The Cardinals hosted the game in 1940, and the Browns in 1948. The Athletics hosted the game in 1943, and the Phillies in 1952, the venues traditionally alternate between the American League and National League every year. This tradition has been several times, The first time was in 1951. Detroit Tigers were chosen to host the game as part of the citys 250th birthday. The second was when the format during the 1959–1962 seasons resulted in the A. L. being one game ahead in turn. This was corrected in 2007, when the N. L, San Francisco Giants were the host for the 2007 All-Star Game, which also set up the 2008 game to be held at the A. L. s Yankee Stadium in its final season. This decision was made following the announcement of Miami as host for the 2017 All Star Game, the coaching staff for each team is selected by its manager. This honor is given to the manager, not the team and this happened in 2003, when Dusty Baker managed the National League team despite having moved from the National League champion San Francisco Giants to the Chicago Cubs. This has also included situations where the person is no longer actively managing a team, mcGraw came out of retirement for that purpose. Dick Williams resigned after managing the Oakland Athletics to the 1973 World Series, in 1974, he became manager of the California Angels, whose uniform he wore for the game. Tony La Russa, who managed the World Series champion St. Louis Cardinals in 2011, in 1979, Bob Lemon managed the American League team after having been fired by New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner
10.
1937 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
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The game was held on July 7,1937, at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D. C. the home of the Washington Senators of the American League. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 8–3, the game, watched by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, is remembered because of a play in which Earl Averill of the Indians hit a ball that struck pitcher Dizzy Dean on the toe, breaking it. Complications of this shortened the career of the future Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher. Players in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, the umpires changed assignments in the middle of the fifth inning – McGowan and Barr swapped positions, also Pinelli and Quinn swapped positions. Baseball Almanac Baseball-Reference Video of FDR at the 1937 All-Star Game
11.
Major League Baseball
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Major League Baseball is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams now play in the National League and American League, the NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs, with the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament. Baseballs first professional team was founded in Cincinnati in 1869,30 years after Abner Doubleday supposedly invented the game of baseball, the first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another. The period before 1920 in baseball was known as the dead-ball era, Baseball survived a conspiracy to fix the 1919 World Series, which came to be known as the Black Sox Scandal. The sport rose in popularity in the 1920s, and survived potential downturns during the Great Depression, shortly after the war, baseballs color barrier was broken by Jackie Robinson. The 1950s and 1960s were a time of expansion for the AL and NL, then new stadiums, Home runs dominated the game during the 1990s, and media reports began to discuss the use of anabolic steroids among Major League players in the mid-2000s. In 2006, an investigation produced the Mitchell Report, which implicated many players in the use of performance-enhancing substances, today, MLB is composed of thirty teams, twenty-nine in the United States and one in Canada. Baseball broadcasts are aired on television, radio, and the Internet throughout North America, MLB has the highest season attendance of any sports league in the world with more than 73 million spectators in 2015. MLB is governed by the Major League Baseball Constitution and this document has undergone several incarnations since 1875, with the most recent revisions being made in 2012. Under the direction of the Commissioner of Baseball, MLB hires and maintains the sports umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, MLB maintains a unique, controlling relationship over the sport, including most aspects of Minor League Baseball. This ruling has been weakened only slightly in subsequent years, the weakened ruling granted more stability to the owners of teams and has resulted in values increasing at double-digit rates. There were several challenges to MLBs primacy in the sport between the 1870s and the Federal League in 1916, the last attempt at a new league was the aborted Continental League in 1960. The chief executive of MLB is the commissioner, Rob Manfred, the chief operating officer is Tony Petitti. There are five other executives, president, chief officer, chief legal officer, chief financial officer. The multimedia branch of MLB, which is based in Manhattan, is MLB Advanced Media and this branch oversees MLB. com and each of the 30 teams websites. Its charter states that MLB Advanced Media holds editorial independence from the league, MLB Productions is a similarly structured wing of the league, focusing on video and traditional broadcast media
12.
Mississippi State University
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Mississippi State, Mississippi is the official designation for the area that encompasses the university. It is classified in the category of R2, Doctoral Universities – Higher Research Activity by the Carnegie Foundation, the university has campuses in Starkville, Meridian, Biloxi, and Vicksburg, Mississippi. The university began as The Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi and it was created by the Mississippi Legislature on February 28,1878, to fulfill the mission of offering training in agriculture, horticulture and the mechanical arts. Without excluding other scientific and classical studies, including military tactics, the university received its first students in the fall of 1880 in the presidency of General Stephen D. Lee. In 1887 Congress passed the Hatch Act, which provided for the establishment of the Agricultural Experiment Station in 1888, the Cooperative Extension Service was established in 1914 by the Smith-Lever Act. The university has since had its mission expanded and redefined by the Legislature, in 1932, the Legislature renamed the university as Mississippi State College. In 1958 the Legislature renamed the university as Mississippi State University in recognition of its academic development, the university was uneventfully desegregated in July 1965, when Richard E. Holmes of Starkville became the first African-American student to enroll. The School of Architecture admitted its first students in 1973, the College of Veterinary Medicine admitted its first class in 1977, the MSU Vet school is the largest veterinary school under one roof in the nation. The School of Accountancy was established in 1979, the program has been vastly expanded and has a separate college. This was made possible by funding by Bobby Shackouls, an MSU alumnus and retired CEO, in March 2009, Mississippi State announced the conclusion of the universitys seven-year capital campaign, with more than $462 million received in private gifts and pledges. Mississippi State University is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award baccalaureate, masters, specialist, today, the university has the following colleges and schools, As of Fall 2011, Mississippi States enrollment was 20,424. The university has 160 buildings, and the grounds comprise about 4,200 acres, including farms, pastures, the university also owns an additional 80,000 acres across the state. Mississippi State University operates an off-campus, degree-granting center in Meridian that offers undergraduate and graduate programs, in cooperation with the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, the College of Engineering offers the Master of Science degree to students in Vicksburg. Mississippi States campus is centered on the quadrangle, called the Drill Field due to its heavy use by the Corps of Cadets prior to the end of World War II. The Drill Field is defined at its north and south ends by the buildings, Lee Hall. Old Main was the dormitory, west of Lee Hall, it burned in a tragic fire. The largest building fronting the Drill Field is Mitchell Memorial Library, from the Drill Field, the campus radiates in all directions. Humanities are found to the south, while Agriculture dominates the west section, to the west and northwest are also found the athletic facilities, including Scott Field and the Humphrey Coliseum, or The Hump
13.
Joe Engel
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This is an article about the baseball player Joe Engel. For the astronaut, see Joe Engle and he was born in Washington, D. C. as one of six children of a German immigrant who owned a bar/hotel next door to the Washington Post building in the District of Columbia. Engel was married twice and lost his child, son Bryant in a traffic accident in Nov.1930 at age 9. Engel himself died in Chattanooga in 1969 at age 76, Engel spent his youth playing with Kermit and Alice Roosevelt, President Teddy Roosevelts children. He was a Washington Senators batboy, and later a team mascot and he attended Mount St. Marys College, where he lettered in four sports – track, baseball, basketball, and football. Engel also pitched a game at Mount St. Marys College. Engel made it to the leagues as a pitcher from 1912 to 1920. He played for the Senators for four seasons, where he was roommates with Walter Johnson, Engel became friends with Johnson, Walter didnt drink or smoke and was more or less on the serious side. I liked my fun and as a youngster was something of a hell-raiser, after the 1915 season, Engel played in only three more major league games–2 for the Cincinnati Reds in 1917 and 1919, and a final game for the Senators in 1920. When Senators owner Clark Griffith sent Engel off to the minor-league Minneapolis Millers, Engel looked the Millers over, and sent back Ed Gharrity, a catcher. Gharrity turned out to be so good that Griffith hired Engel as a scout, Engel signed Cronin in Kansas City for $7,500 and brought him back to DC where he was named player/manager in 1933. Engels discoveries helped bring the Senators three American League pennants in ten years, Engel later became best known as one of the most eccentric promoters in baseball history. In late 1929, Griffith sent Engel to Chattanooga, Tennessee, to take operations of Griffiths newly acquired farm team. Engel immediately constructed one of the leagues finest stadiums and named it Engel Stadium for himself. He remained with the Lookouts for 34 years, One year, Engel had his players parade into the ball park on elephants for Opening Day. He traded a shortstop for a turkey, roasted it and served it to local sportswriters who had been giving him the bird and he raffled off houses and automobiles, and had canaries singing in the grandstands. Engels promotions were a hit in Chattanooga, and fans flocked to the new ballpark, in 1932 the Lookouts won the Southern Association pennant for the first time in 40 years and beat the Texas League champions in the Dixie Series. In 1936, Engel decided to buy the Lookouts, but he didnt have enough cash and he persuaded 1,700 fans to buy shares of stock at $5. 00/share to give the team local ownership
14.
Chattanooga Lookouts
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The Chattanooga Lookouts are a minor league baseball team based in Chattanooga, Tennessee. They are named for nearby Lookout Mountain, the team, which plays in the Southern League, are a Double-A affiliate of the Minnesota Twins after having been affiliated with the Los Angeles Dodgers major-league club from 2009–2014. The Lookouts play in AT&T Field, located in Chattanooga, opened in 2000, the stadium seats 6,340 fans. From 1930 through 1999, the Lookouts played at Engel Stadium, with a break in Montgomery. In 1931, the New York Yankees played a game against the Lookouts. During the game, a 17-year-old girl named Jackie Mitchell pitched for the Lookouts and struck out Major League greats Lou Gehrig and this has been refuted here, and directly contradicts a profile of Mitchell published a few months later. MLB didnt introduce a ban on contracts for players until June 21,1952. During owner Joe Engels tenure, the Lookouts won four championships – three with the Southern Association and a fourth with the South Atlantic League, Engel led a charge to own the Lookouts privately, with the help of several hundred fans as shareholders from 1938 to 1942. In 1939, as a privately owned franchise under coach Kiki Cuyler, the Lookouts managed to move back to Chattanooga in December of that year after Engel organized a letter-writing campaign aimed at Clark Griffith, the owner of the Senators at the time. The team, which plays in the Southern League, has been the Double-A affiliate of a major league ballclub since 1932, from 1988 through 2008, the Lookouts were the Double-A affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds. For the 2009 through 2014 seasons, the Los Angeles Dodgers served as the parent club. In affiliating with the Twins in 2015, the Lookouts rekindled a relationship with the franchise that, as the 1901–1960 edition of the Washington Senators, all Chattanooga Lookouts games were broadcast on WDOD until the 2011 season. From 2011-2015, games were broadcast on WALV-FM, starting in 2016, all 140 Chattanooga Lookouts games will be broadcast on 96.1 The Legend. Larry Ward will continue to host the broadcasts,26 – Dernell Stenson, OF,2003 Chattanooga Lookouts official site
15.
Engel Stadium
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Engel Stadium is a stadium in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The stadium was built in 1930 and holds 12,000 people and it was the home of the Chattanooga Lookouts until 1999 when they moved to their current stadium, AT&T Field. The former Tennessee Temple University held its games at Engel after the Lookouts left. Engel Stadium was named for longtime President of the Chattanooga Lookouts, the ballpark is located at 1130 E. 3rd Street, at the corner of ONeal Street, adjacent to the historic Fort Wood neighborhood, Norfolk Southerns DeButts Yard, and Erlanger Hospital. The park is bounded by East 3rd Street, ONeal Street, East 5th Street, in 1929, Clark Griffith, owner of the Washington Senators sent a young scout by the name of Joe Engel to the South to find a home for the clubs first minor league affiliate. First, Engel went to Atlanta with cash in hand to buy the Atlanta Crackers, Engel not only bought the Chattanooga Lookouts from Sammy Strang, but also replaced their ballpark, Andrews Field with a state-of-the-art stadium at a cost of $150,000. Andrews Field had been the home since 1911. Andrews was on the block as Engel Stadium, with home plate in the opposite corner. The rebuilding effort was completed to allow the new facility to open for exhibition play on March 23,1930. The regular season opener was April 15,1930, Engel Stadium featured a spacious outfield, especially the corner to the left of straightaway center field, which was posted as 471 feet. The gradual rise of Third Street along the field wall necessitated a terrace or hill to make up the difference in grade between the field and the street. The terrace contained the word LOOKOUTS in large letters, Harmon Killebrew is said to be the only man to hit a ball over the deepest part of the outfield. Many of Joe Engels famous antics also took place at Engel Stadium, gaining him the nickname, in 1931, the New York Yankees played an exhibition game at Engel Stadium against the Lookouts. During the game, a 17-year-old girl named Jackie Mitchell pitched for the Lookouts, striking out Major League greats Lou Gehrig and Babe Ruth. In 1936, a crowd of 24,624 fans crammed into the park that only held 12,000 seats for the chance of winning a house in the middle of the Great Depression. The winning ticket was not at the game, on Opening Day in 1938, Joe Engel debuted his popular Wild Elephant Hunt prior to the game. It was such a success, he took it to ballparks throughout the South, many notables have played on the field, including Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Hank Aaron, Satchel Paige, Willie Mays, Harmon Killebrew, Ferguson Jenkins, Kiki Cuyler, and Rogers Hornsby. When the Lookouts could not find an affiliate from 1966 to 1975, despite amateur games being played at Engel day and night all summer long, it was not being properly maintained
16.
Topper Rigney
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Emory Elmo Topper Rigney was a professional baseball player from 1920 to 1928. He played six seasons in Major League Baseball as a shortstop for the Detroit Tigers, Boston Red Sox, and Washington Senators. A Texas native, Rigney served in the U. S. Navy, during his six-year major league career, Rigney ranked among the American League leaders in sacrifice hits four times. He was also among the leaders in bases on balls three times, leading to his impressive on-base percentages of.410 in 1924 and.395 in 1926. Rigney also had good speed on the paths and ranked among the league leaders in triples twice and was once among the leaders in stolen bases. He had a batting average of.288 and.388 on-base percentage. Rigney also ranked among the American Leagues best defensive shortstops in the 1920s and he led the leagues shortstops in fielding percentage in 1924 and 1926 and also led the league with 492 assists in 1926. His 1926 range factor per game of 5.33 was tops among shortstops in that category as well, Rigney was born in Groveton, Texas, in 1897. His father, Robert Rigney, was a dry goods merchant in Leonard, Texas, in 1910, Rigney attended Texas A&M University, playing at the shortstop position for the Texas A&M baseball team from 1915 to 1918. He attained the rank of colonel in the Texas A&M Corps of Cadets and was captain of the Ross Volunteers. Rigney then served in the U. S. Navy in 1918 and 1919, after graduating from Texas A&M, Rigney signed with the Detroit Tigers. In 1920, he was farmed out to the Texas League, Rigney compiled a.253 batting average with 16 doubles,10 triples and 3 home runs in 122 games for Dallas. Rigney next played for a Fort Worth Panthers team that finished the 1921 season with a 107–51 record, Rigney hit.292, drew 63 walks, scored 91 runs, and tallied 81 RBIs,30 doubles,12 triples and 10 home runs. Rigney also led all Texas League shortstops with a.946 fielding percentage and 547 assists, in 1922 Rigney joined the Detroit Tigers at age 25. He was the starting shortstop in all 155 games during the 1922 season, he replaced Donie Bush. In his rookie season, Rigney compiled a.300 batting average, Rigney and his former Texas A&M teammate Rip Collins both played together for the Tigers from 1923 to 1925. In 1923, Rigney increased his average to.315 with a.389 on-base percentage and 24 doubles,11 triples,74 RBIs. Rigneys strong performance in 1923 was in spite of a hip ailment that plagued him much of the season
17.
Milt Gaston
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Nathaniel Milton Gaston was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1924 to 1934. Born in Ridgefield Park, New Jersey, he played for the St. Louis Browns, New York Yankees, Boston Red Sox, Washington Senators and he died at age 100 in Barnstable, Massachusetts. His older brother, Alex, was his batterymate with the 1929 Red Sox and his first roommate in the majors was Lou Gehrig when he played for the New York Yankees. Three of Babe Ruths record-setting home runs during the 1927 New York Yankees season were hit off Gaston, on July 26, July 27 and he is the major league record holder for most games under.500 in a career. Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference
18.
Hod Lisenbee
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Horace Milton Hod Lisenbee was a baseball pitcher whose career spanned over 28 years, although he only played eight seasons in the major leagues. Lisenbee was born on September 23,1898, in Clarksville, Tennessee, to John M. Lisenbee and Sarah Adiline Lisenbee, both of Clarksville, the second of six children. He attended Southwestern Presbyterian University, now Austin Peay State University in Clarksville, Tennessee, and he was married to Ms. Carrie West, Lisenbee did not play baseball until he entered high school at age twenty-one. He had attended school until he was twelve, and dropped out of school to help his family survive financially. He labored for the nine years working twelve-hour days on a tobacco farm. He would run to and from work and credits this time in his life as building endurance, in his spare time, Lisenbee loved to fling rocks into the Cumberland River. At age 21, Lisenbee entered Clarksville High School, and talked his way onto the baseball team and he told the coach that he was ready to pitch, but was soon cut from the team due to his poor fielding. Soon Lisenbee moved to Memphis in an effort to advance his career and he arrived at the Memphis Chicks playing field seeking to pitch, but his services were not needed. Not to be put off, he moved to Vicksburg, Mississippi and applied to pitch for their D league team and he phoned his contact on the Memphis Chicks team and was tipped to try out for the Brookhaven baseball team. Within two days, Lisenbee pitched a game against the Vicksburg team, including nine strikeouts. In his first minor league season, he earned a 10–5 record, Lisenbee joined the Tupelo, Mississippi, minor league team of the Tri-State League in 1925, and was traded to the Memphis Chicks, minor league team of the Southern Association in 1926. At the age of twenty-eight, he was acquired by the Washington, Senators for $44,000, and got his first pitching start on April 23,1927. He led the Washington Senators to a 6–0 victory over the Boston Red Sox, one of Lisenbees notable accomplishments as a rookie was his consistency against the team dubbed Murderers Row. He faced the New York Yankees six times that year and won the first five outings against this storied team, the 1927 Yankees were the object of much praise, as they established a record setting 110–44 season. The Yankee hitting was vicious and frequently devoured pitchers in one inning, Lisenbee was 5–1 versus New York that season. In his first meeting with the Yankees, Lisenbee was called to the mound to face Babe Ruth. The Senators starting pitcher had fallen behind 3–0 in the count, Lisenbee disagreed and threw three strikes in a row to retire Ruth. Hod pitched the remaining seven and two-thirds innings for the win over the Yankees, according to Hods recollection Ruth later quipped that it looked as though he was throwing balls at the plate from out of a hole
19.
American League
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The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League, is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a league based in the Great Lakes states. It is sometimes called the Junior Circuit because it claimed Major League status for the 1901 season,25 years after the formation of the National League. At the end of season, the American League champion plays in the World Series against the National League champion. Through 2016, American League teams have won 64 of the 112 World Series played since 1903, the 2016 American League champions are the Cleveland Indians. The New York Yankees have won 40 American League titles, the most in the history, followed by the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics. Originally a minor league known as the Western League, the American League later developed into a major league after the American Association disbanded, in its early history, the Western League struggled until 1894, when Ban Johnson became the president of the league. Johnson led the Western League into major league status and soon became the president of the newly renamed American League, babe Ruth, noted as one of the most prolific hitters in Major League Baseball history, spent the majority of his career in the American League. The American League has one notable difference versus the National League, in 1902, the Milwaukee Brewers moved to St. Louis and were renamed the St. Louis Browns. In 1902, The Cleveland Bluebirds were also renamed the Cleveland Broncos, in 1903, the Broncos were renamed the Cleveland Naps. In 1915, the Naps were renamed the Cleveland Indians, in 1903, the Baltimore Orioles moved to New York and were renamed the New York Highlanders. In 1913, the Highlanders were renamed the New York Yankees, in 1904, the Chicago White Stockings were renamed the Chicago White Sox. In 1908, the Boston Americans were renamed the Boston Red Sox, in 1954, the St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore and were renamed as the Baltimore Orioles. In 1955, the Philadelphia Athletics moved to Kansas City and were renamed as the Kansas City Athletics, in 1961, the league expanded and added two teams as the Los Angeles Angels and the Washington Senators, expanding the league to 10 teams. The original Senators team moved to Minneapolis/St, Paul in 1961 and were renamed as the Minnesota Twins. The Angels team name changed to the California Angels in 1966, then to the Anaheim Angels in 1997, the Kansas City Royals and the Seattle Pilots were added to the American League, expanding the league to 12 teams. In 1970, the Seattle Pilots moved to Milwaukee and were renamed the Milwaukee Brewers, in 1972, the Washington Senators relocated to the Dallas/Fort Worth area and were renamed the Texas Rangers. In 1977, the league expanded to fourteen teams, when the Seattle Mariners, in 1998, the Tampa Bay Rays was added to the American League and at the same time, the Milwaukee Brewers were switched to the National League, leaving the American League with 14 teams
20.
Most valuable player
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In sports, a most valuable player award is an honor typically bestowed upon the best-performing player in an entire league, for a particular competition, or on a specific team. Initially used in sports, the term is now also commonly used in amateur sports, as well as in other completely unrelated fields such as business. In many sports, MVP awards are presented for a specific match—in other words, the term is most common in the United States and Canada. In other cases, Player of the Year is used, in Australia, Australian rules football clubs and leagues use the term best and fairest, while those playing rugby league use Player of the Year, such as the Dally M Medal. The National Basketball League, however, uses the American-style MVP for its awards, in many cases the awards are voted on by members of the media. In others the vote is by players, coaches, or umpires, in recent years, online polls from the public decide some awards
21.
Ben Chapman (baseball)
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William Benjamin Ben Chapman was an American outfielder and manager in Major League Baseball who played for several teams. He began his career with the New York Yankees, playing his first seven seasons there, during the period from 1926 to 1943, he had more stolen bases than any other player, leading the American League four times. After twelve seasons, during which he batted, born in Nashville, Tennessee, Chapman batted and threw right-handed. He was a teammate of Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Bill Dickey, Joe DiMaggio, in his 1930 rookie season with the Yankees, during which he batted. With the Yankees, he batted over. In the 1932 World Series he batted.294 with six runs batted in as the Yankees swept the Chicago Cubs. In one game on July 9,1932, he had three runs, two of which were inside-the-park, and on May 30,1934 he broke up Detroit Tiger Earl Whitehills no-hitter in the ninth inning. It was in New York that the extent of Chapmans bigotry first surfaced and he taunted Jewish fans at Yankee Stadium with Nazi salutes and disparaging epithets. In June 1936, Chapman – then hitting.266 and expendable with the arrival of DiMaggio – was traded to the Senators. After the trade, Chapman rebounded to finish the year with a.315 average, again making the All-Star team and scoring 100 runs, and collecting a career-high 50 doubles. In June 1937 the Senators sent him to the Boston Red Sox, the following year he hit a career-best.340 with Boston, after which he was traded to the Cleveland Indians. After starting the next year 3–3, he was traded to the Phillies on June 15,1945 and he made three relief appearances for the team that year, and played his final game in 1946 with one inning of relief. He appeared in 1,717 games over 15 seasons, batting, with the Phillies buried in last place in 1945, Chapman replaced Freddie Fitzsimmons as manager. The team improved somewhat through the end of the year, and climbed to fifth place in 1946, the first year of the postwar baseball boom and the last season in which the color line was in effect. In April 1947, Brooklyn called up Robinson from the Montreal Royals and made him their regular first baseman, Chapman instructed his pitchers, whenever they had a 3–0 count against Robinson, to bean him rather than walk him. Chapmans attempts to intimidate Robinson eventually backfired, with the Dodgers rallying behind Robinson, the backlash against Chapman was so severe that he was asked to pose in a photograph with Robinson as a conciliatory gesture when the two teams next met in Philadelphia in May. This incident prompted Robinsons teammate Dixie Walker to comment, I never thought Id see old Ben eat shit like that. Robinson went on to stardom and a career, a place in the Baseball Hall of Fame
22.
Jackie Robinson
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Jack Roosevelt Jackie Robinson was an American professional baseball second baseman who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball in the modern era. Robinson broke the color line when the Brooklyn Dodgers started him at first base on April 15,1947. The Dodgers, by signing Robinson, heralded the end of segregation in professional baseball that had relegated black players to the Negro leagues since the 1880s. Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962, Robinson had an exceptional 10-year baseball career. Robinson played in six World Series and contributed to the Dodgers 1955 World Series championship, in 1997, MLB universally retired his uniform number,42, across all major league teams, he was the first pro athlete in any sport to be so honored. MLB also adopted a new tradition, Jackie Robinson Day, for the first time on April 15,2004. Robinsons character, his use of nonviolence, and his unquestionable talent challenged the basis of segregation which then marked many other aspects of American life. He influenced the culture of and contributed significantly to the Civil Rights Movement, Robinson also was the first black television analyst in MLB, and the first black vice president of a major American corporation, Chock full oNuts. In the 1960s, he helped establish the Freedom National Bank, in recognition of his achievements on and off the field, Robinson was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and Presidential Medal of Freedom. Robinson was born on January 31,1919, into a family of sharecroppers in Cairo and he was the youngest of five children born to Mallie and Jerry Robinson, after siblings Edgar, Frank, Matthew, and Willa Mae. His middle name was in honor of former President Theodore Roosevelt, after Robinsons father left the family in 1920, they moved to Pasadena, California. The extended Robinson family established itself on a residential plot containing two small houses at 121 Pepper Street in Pasadena, Robinsons mother worked various odd jobs to support the family. Growing up in poverty in an otherwise affluent community, Robinson. As a result, Robinson joined a gang, but his friend Carl Anderson persuaded him to abandon it. In 1935, Robinson graduated from Washington Junior High School and enrolled at John Muir High School, recognizing his athletic talents, Robinsons older brothers Mack and Frank inspired Jackie to pursue his interest in sports. At Muir Tech, Robinson played several sports at the varsity level and lettered in four of them, football, basketball, track and he played shortstop and catcher on the baseball team, quarterback on the football team, and guard on the basketball team. With the track and field squad, he won awards in the broad jump and he was also a member of the tennis team. In late January 1937, the Pasadena Star-News newspaper reported that Robinson for two years has been the athlete at Muir, starring in football, basketball, track, baseball
23.
Anti-semitic
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Antisemitism is hostility, prejudice, or discrimination directed against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite, Antisemitism is generally considered to be a form of racism. The root word Semite gives the impression that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic people. However, the compound word antisemite was popularized in Germany in 1879 as a term for Judenhass Jew-hatred. Although the term did not come into common usage until the 19th century, the origin of antisemitic terminologies is found in the responses of Moritz Steinschneider to the views of Ernest Renan. As Alex Bein writes, The compound anti-Semitism appears to have been used first by Steinschneider, avner Falk similarly writes, The German word antisemitisch was first used in 1860 by the Austrian Jewish scholar Moritz Steinschneider in the phrase antisemitische Vorurteile. Steinschneider used this phrase to characterise the French philosopher Ernest Renans false ideas about how Semitic races were inferior to Aryan races and he coined the phrase the Jews are our misfortune which would later be widely used by Nazis. According to Jonathan M. Hess, the term was used by its authors to stress the radical difference between their own antisemitism and earlier forms of antagonism toward Jews and Judaism. In 1879 German journalist Wilhelm Marr published a pamphlet, Der Sieg des Judenthums über das Germanenthum, vom nicht confessionellen Standpunkt aus betrachtet in which he used the word Semitismus interchangeably with the word Judentum to denote both Jewry and jewishness. The pamphlet became very popular, and in the year he founded the Antisemiten-Liga. The Jewish Encyclopedia reports, In February 1881, a correspondent of the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums speaks of Anti-Semitism as a designation which recently came into use, on 19 July 1882, the editor says, This quite recent Anti-Semitism is hardly three years old. The related term philosemitism was coined around 1885, from the outset the term anti-Semitism bore special racial connotations and meant specifically prejudice against Jews. The term is confusing, for in modern usage Semitic designates a language group, though antisemitism has been used to describe bigotry against people who speak other Semitic languages, the validity of such usage has been questioned. The term may be spelled with or without a hyphen, for example, Emil Fackenheim supported the unhyphenated spelling, in order to the notion that there is an entity Semitism which anti-Semitism opposes. Objections to the usage of the term, such as the nature of the term Semitic as a racial term, have been raised since at least the 1930s. Because of this bad nature, Jews have to be not as individuals. Jews remain essentially alien in the surrounding societies, Jews bring disaster on their host societies or on the whole world, they are doing it secretly, therefore the anti-Semites feel obliged to unmask the conspiratorial, bad Jewish character. It was anti-liberal, racialist and nationalist, bernard Lewis defines antisemitism as a special case of prejudice, hatred, or persecution directed against people who are in some way different from the rest
24.
Jimmy Foxx
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Foxx became the second player in MLB history to hit 500 career home runs, after Babe Ruth. Attaining that plateau at age 32 years 336 days, he held the record for youngest to reach 500 for sixty-eight years and his three career Most Valuable Player awards are tied for second all-time. Foxx was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1951, Foxx was born in Sudlersville, Maryland on October 22,1907 to Dell and Mattie Foxx, who were farmers. Dell Foxx had played baseball for a team when he was younger. Jimmie Foxx did well in school but excelled in sports, particularly soccer, track and he played all three sports at Sudlersville High School. Foxx dropped out of school early to join a minor league team managed by former Philadelphia Athletics great Frank Home Run Baker. Foxx had hoped to pitch or play third base, but since the team was short on catchers and he immediately drew interest from the Athletics and New York Yankees. Foxx signed with the As and made his league debut in May 1925 at age 17. He was still in his year of high school at the time. The As catching duties were filled by future Baseball Hall of Fame member Mickey Cochrane, so by 1927. In 1929, installed as the As regular first baseman, Foxx had a year, batting.354. That year, Foxx appeared on the cover of Time, in 1932, Foxx hit.364, with 58 home runs with 169 RBIs, missing the Triple Crown by just three points in batting average. Foxx actually hit 60 home runs that year, which would have tied Babe Ruths record, Foxx did win the Triple Crown the following season, with a batting average of.356,163 RBIs, and 48 home runs. He won back-to-back MVP honors in 1932 and 1933, Foxx was one of the three or four most feared sluggers of his era. The great Yankee pitcher Lefty Gomez once said of him, He has muscles in his hair, in 1937, Foxx hit a ball into the third deck of the left-field stands at Yankee Stadium, a very rare feat because of the distance and the angle of the stands. Gomez was the pitcher who gave it up, and when asked how far it went, he said, I dont know, but I do know it took somebody 45 minutes to go up there and get it back. When the Great Depression fully hit in the early 1930s, As owner Connie Mack was unable to pay the salaries of his highly paid stars, after a 1936 contract dispute, Mack sold Foxxs contract to the Red Sox for $150,000. Foxx played six years for Boston, including a 1938 season in which he hit 50 home runs, drove in 175 runs, batted.349, won his third MVP award, Foxx is one of nine players to have won three MVPs, only Barry Bonds has more
25.
Esquire (magazine)
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Esquire is an American mens magazine, published by the Hearst Corporation in the United States. Founded in 1933, it flourished during the Great Depression under the guidance of founders Arnold Gingrich, Esquire was first issued in October 1933. The magazine was first headquartered in Chicago and then, in New York City and it was founded and edited by David A. Smart, Henry L. Jackson and Arnold Gingrich. Jackson died in the crash of United Airlines Flight 624 in 1948, Smart died in 1952, although he left Esquire in 1936 to found a different magazine, Coronet. Additionally, Jacksons Republican political viewpoints contrasted with the liberal Democratic views of Smart, the administration alleged that Esquire had used the US Postal Service to promote lewd images. Esquire started in 1933 as a press run of a hundred thousand copies. It cost fifty cents per copy and it later transformed itself into a more refined periodical with an emphasis on mens fashion and contributions by Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Alberto Moravia, André Gide, and Julian Huxley. In the 1940s, the popularity of the Petty Girls and Vargas Girls provided a circulation boost. In the 1960s, Esquire helped pioneer the trend of New Journalism by publishing such writers as Norman Mailer, Tim OBrien, John Sack, Gay Talese, Tom Wolfe, and Terry Southern. In August 1969, Esquire published Normand Poiriers piece, An American Atrocity, under Harold Hayes, who ran it from 1961 to 1973, it became as distinctive as its oversized pages. The magazine shrank to the conventional 8½×11 inches in 1971, the magazine was sold by the original owners to Clay Felker in 1977, who reinvented the magazine as a fortnightly in 1978, under the title of Esquire Fortnightly. However, the experiment proved to be a failure, and by the end of that year. Felker sold Esquire in 1979 to the 13-30 Corporation, a Tennessee publisher, during this time, New York Woman magazine was launched as something of a spinoff version of Esquire aimed at female audience. 13-30 split up in 1986, and Esquire was sold to Hearst at the end of the year, David M. Granger was named editor-in-chief of the magazine in June 1997. Since his arrival, the magazine has received awards, including multiple National Magazine Awards—the industrys highest honor. Prior to becoming editor-in-chief at Esquire, Granger was the editor at GQ for nearly six years. Its award-winning staff writers include Tom Chiarella, Scott Raab, Mike Sager, Chris Jones, John H. Richardson, Cal Fussman, Lisa Taddeo, famous photographers have also worked for the magazine, among which fashion photographer Gleb Derujinsky, and Richard Avedon. In January 2009 Esquire launched a new blog—the Daily Endorsement Blog, each morning the editors of the magazine recommend one thing for readers immediate enjoyment, not a political candidate or position or party, but a breakthrough idea or product or Web site
26.
Bill James
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George William Bill James is an American baseball writer, historian, and statistician whose work has been widely influential. Since 1977, James has written more than two books devoted to baseball history and statistics. His Baseball Abstract books in the 1980s are the predecessor to websites using sabermetrics such as Baseball Prospectus. In 2006, Time named him in the Time 100 as one of the most influential people in the world and he is a Senior Advisor on Baseball Operations for the Boston Red Sox. James was born in Holton, Kansas, he never knew his mother and his father was a janitor at a high school. After four years at the University of Kansas residing at Stephenson Scholarship hall and he was the last person in Kansas to be sent to fight in the Vietnam War, although he never saw action there. Instead, he spent two years stationed in South Korea, during which time he wrote to KU about taking his final class and he was told he actually had met all his graduation requirements, so he returned to Lawrence in 1973 with degrees in English and economics. He also finished an Education degree in 1975, likewise from the University of Kansas, an aspiring writer and obsessive fan, James began writing baseball articles after leaving the United States Army in his mid-twenties. Many of his first baseball writings came while he was doing night shifts as a security guard at the Stokely-Van Camps pork, unlike most writers, his pieces did not recount games in epic terms or offer insights gleaned from interviews with players. A typical James piece posed a question, and then presented data and analysis written in a lively, insightful, editors considered Jamess pieces so unusual that few believed them suitable for their readers. In an effort to reach an audience, James began self-publishing an annual book titled The Bill James Baseball Abstract beginning in 1977. The 1978 edition, subtitled The 2nd annual edition of baseballs most informative and imaginative review, the first three editions garnered respect for Jamess work, including a very favorable review by Daniel Okrent in Sports Illustrated. New annual editions added essays on teams and players, by 1982 sales had increased tenfold, and a media conglomerate agreed to publish and distribute future editions. While writers had published books about baseball statistics before, few had reached a mass audience. Attempts to imitate Jamess work spawned a flood of books and articles that continues to this day, in 1988, James ceased writing the Abstract, citing workload-related burnout and concern about the volume of statistics on the market. He has continued to publish books about baseball history, which have sold well. James assistant Rob Neyer was responsible for much of the research, Neyer went on to become a featured baseball columnist at ESPN and SB Nation. The Player Ratings Book offered statistics and 50-word profiles aimed at the fantasy baseball enthusiast, the Bill James Handbook provides past-season statistics and next-season projections for Major League players and teams, and career data for all current Major League players
27.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
28.
Nap Lajoie
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Napoléon Nap Lajoie, also known as Larry Lajoie and nicknamed The Frenchman, was an American professional baseball second baseman and player-manager. He played in Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Phillies, Philadelphia Athletics and he managed the Naps from 1905 through 1909. Lajoie was signed to the National Leaguess Phillies in 1896, National League clubs contested the legality of contracts signed by players who jumped to the other league but eventually, Lajoie was allowed to play for Connie Macks Athletics. During the season, Lajoie set the all-time American League single-season mark for the highest batting average, one year later, Lajoie went to the Cleveland Bronchos where he would play until the 1915 season when he returned to play for Mack and the Athletics. Lajoie led the AL in batting five times in his career. Lajoie in 1914 joined Cap Anson and Honus Wagner as the major league players to record 3,000 career hits. He led the NL or AL in putouts five times in his career and he has been called the best second baseman in the history of baseball and the most outstanding player to wear a Cleveland uniform. Cy Young said, Lajoie was one of the most rugged players I ever faced, hed take your leg off with a line drive, turn the third baseman around like a swinging door and powder the hand of the left fielder. He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937, Lajoie was born in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, to Jean Baptiste and Celina Guertin Lajoie. The elder Lajoie was French-Canadian and had emigrated to the United States, upon arrival to the U. S. he first settled in Rutland, Vermont, but then moved to Woonsocket, where Lajoie, the youngest of eight surviving children, was born. Throughout his childhood Lajoie received little formal education, the elder Lajoie, who worked as a teamster and laborer, died not long into the younger Lajoies childhood, which forced him and his siblings to work to support the family. Lajoie dropped out of school to work in a textile mill and he also began playing semi-professional baseball for the local Woonsocket team under the alias Sandy, because his parents did not approve of their son playing baseball. He earned money as a driver with a horse and buggy. When I told my father I had decided to take the job he was very angry and he shouted that ball players were bums and that nobody respected them, but I was determined to give it a try at least one season, Lajoie later said. He also received the nickname Larry from a teammate who had trouble pronouncing Lajoie, Lajoie admired baseball players such as King Kelly and Charles Radbourn. When word of Lajoies baseball ability spread, he began to play for other teams at $2 to $5 per game. Meanwhile, Lajoie worked as a teamster and he recorded 163 hits in 80 games, and led the team in batting average, doubles, triples, home runs and hits. Lajoie was widely regarded as an outstanding prospect and Indians owner Charlie Marston rejected an offer from the Pittsburgh Pirates for Lajoie in exchange for $500 and he was also scouted by the Philadelphia Phillies and Boston Beaneaters
29.
Elmer Flick
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In 1,483 career games Flick recorded a.313 batting average while accumulating 164 triples,1,752 hits,330 stolen bases, and 756 runs batted in. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1963, Flick began his career in semi-professional baseball and played in minor league baseball for two years. He was noticed by George Stallings, the manager of the Phillies, Flick was pressed into a starting role in 1898 when an injury forced another player to retire. Flick jumped to the Athletics in 1902, but an injunction prevented him from playing in Pennsylvania. He joined the Naps, where he continued to play for the remainder of his league career. Flick was known predominantly for his batting and speed. He led the National League in RBIs in 1900, and led the American League in stolen bases in 1904 and 1906, Flick was born on January 11,1876, the third of five children of Zachary and Mary Flick, on the family farm in Bedford, Ohio. His father was a farmer and mechanic who had served in the American Civil War, Flick attended Bedford High School, where he played catcher on the schools baseball team. He also played American football, wrestled, and boxed, Flick entered semi-professional baseball by chance. When he was 15 years old, he was at a station to support the local baseball team as it left for a road trip. Only eight of the players showed up at the station. Though Flick did not have a uniform or shoes, he hit well in games of the doubleheader, though Bedford lost both games. He joined the Bedford team on a basis, and he continued to play semi-pro baseball throughout his teenage years. In 1896, the manager of the Youngstown Puddlers of the Interstate League signed Flick, because the team had an established catcher, Flick played in the outfield, where he struggled to learn the position. In 31 games, Flick had a.826 fielding percentage, however, Flick had a strong performance offensively. Using his fathers lathe, Flick crafted his own baseball bat, the next year, Flick played for the Dayton Old Soldiers, also in the Interstate League, as their regular left fielder. His defense improved, as he compiled a.921 fielding percentage and he also led the league with 20 triples and 295 total bases. George Stallings, the manager of the Philadelphia Phillies of the National League, Stallings signed Flick to the Phillies to serve as a reserve outfielder for the team in the 1898 season
30.
George Stone (outfielder)
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George Robert Stone, nicknamed Silent George, was a left fielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Red Sox and St. Louis Browns. He was the 1906 American League batting champion and he left his career in banking at the age of 26 to join the Omaha team of the Western League. In December 1904 he was traded by the Boston Americans with cash to the St. Louis Browns for Jesse Burkett, in a seven-season career, Stone posted a.301 batting average with 23 home runs and 268 RBI in 848 games played. Stone died in Clinton, Iowa, at the age of 68, the burial was at Coleridge Cemetery, in Coleridge, Nebraska. In 1970 he was inducted into The Des Moines Registers Iowa Sports Hall of Fame, Louis Browns, SABR Baseball Records Committee Newsletter, 2/13/07
31.
Ty Cobb
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Tyrus Raymond Ty Cobb, nicknamed The Georgia Peach, was an American Major League Baseball outfielder. He was born in rural Narrows, Georgia, Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers, the last six as the teams player-manager, and finished his career with the Philadelphia Athletics. In 1999, editors at the Sporting News ranked Ty Cobb 3rd on their list of Baseballs 100 Greatest Players, Cobb is widely credited with setting 90 MLB records during his career. He still holds records as of the end of the 2016 season, including the highest career batting average. He still holds the record for stealing home and for stealing second base, third base, and home in succession. Cobb ranks fifth all-time in number of games played and committed 271 errors, Cobbs legacy as an athlete has sometimes been overshadowed by his surly temperament and aggressive playing style, which was described by the Detroit Free Press as daring to the point of dementia. Cobb himself wrote shortly before his death, In legend I am a sadistic, Cobb was notorious for sliding into bases feet first, with his spikes high. Cobb was born in 1886 in Narrows, Georgia, a rural community of farmers that was not an official city or village at the time. He was the first of three born to William Herschel Cobb and Amanda Chitwood Cobb. Cobbs father was a state senator, when he was still an infant, his parents moved to nearby Royston, where he was raised. He played his first years in organized baseball for the Royston Rompers, the semi-pro Royston Reds, and he then tried out for the Anniston Steelers of the semipro Tennessee–Alabama League, with his fathers stern admonition ringing in his ears, Dont come home a failure. Eventually, Rice wrote a note in the Journal that a young fellow named Cobb seems to be showing an unusual lot of talent. After about three months, Cobb returned to the Tourists and finished the season hitting.237 in 35 games, in August 1905, the management of the Tourists sold Cobb to the American Leagues Detroit Tigers for US$750. On August 8,1905, Cobbs mother fatally shot his father with a pistol that his father had purchased for her, court records indicate that Mr. Cobb had suspected his wife of infidelity and was sneaking past his own bedroom window to catch her in the act. She saw the silhouette of what she presumed to be an intruder and, acting in self-defense, shot, Mrs. Cobb was charged with murder and then released on a $7,000 recognizance bond. She was acquitted on March 31,1906, Cobb later attributed his ferocious play to his late father, saying, I did it for my father. He never got to see me play, but I knew he was watching me, and I never let him down. In 1911, Cobb moved to Detroits architecturally significant and now historically protected Woodbridge neighborhood, the Victorian duplex in which Cobb lived still stands
32.
Tris Speaker
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Tristram Edgar Speaker, nicknamed The Grey Eagle, was an American baseball player. Considered one of the best offensive and defensive center fielders in the history of Major League Baseball and his 792 career doubles represent an MLB career record. His 3,514 hits are fifth in the all-time hits list, defensively, Speaker holds career records for assists, double plays, and unassisted double plays by an outfielder. His fielding glove was known as the place where triples go to die, after playing in the minor leagues in Texas and Arkansas, Speaker debuted with the Boston Red Sox in 1907. He became the center fielder by 1909 and led the Red Sox to World Series championships in 1912 and 1915. In 1915, Speakers batting average dropped to.322 from.338 the previous season, as player-manager for Cleveland, he led the team to its first World Series title. In ten of his seasons with Cleveland, he finished with a batting average greater than.350. Speaker resigned as Clevelands manager in 1926 after he and Ty Cobb faced game fixing allegations, during his managerial stint in Cleveland, Speaker introduced the platoon system in the major leagues. Speaker played with the Washington Senators in 1927 and the Philadelphia Athletics in 1928, then became a minor league manager and he later held several roles for the Cleveland Indians. Late in life, Speaker led a short-lived indoor baseball league, ran a liquor business, worked in sales. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937 and he was named 27th in the Sporting News 100 Greatest Baseball Players and was also included in the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. Speaker was born on April 4,1888, in Hubbard, Texas, to Archie, as a youth, Speaker broke his arm after he fell from a horse, the injury forced him to become left-handed. In 1905, Speaker played a year of baseball for Fort Worth Polytechnic Institute. He worked on a ranch before beginning his professional baseball career, Speakers abilities drew the interest of Doak Roberts, owner of the Cleburne Railroaders of the Texas League, in 1906. After losing several games as a pitcher, Speaker converted to outfielder to replace a Cleburne player who had struck in the head with a pitch. Speakers mother opposed his participation in the leagues, saying that they reminded her of slavery. Though she relented, for several years Mrs. Speaker questioned why her son had not stayed home and he performed well for the Texas Leagues Houston Buffaloes in 1907, but his mother stated that she would never allow him to go to the Boston Americans. Roberts sold the youngster to the Americans for $750 or $800, Speaker played in seven games for the Americans in 1907, with three hits in 19 at bats for a.158 average
33.
George Sisler
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George Harold Sisler, nicknamed Gentleman George and Gorgeous George, was an American professional baseball player for 15 seasons, primarily as first baseman with the St. Louis Browns. From 1920 until 2004, Sisler held the Major League Baseball record for most hits in a single season, Sislers 1922 season — during which he batted. After Sisler retired as a player, he worked as a major league scout and he was on a team of scouts appointed by Branch Rickey to find black players for the Brooklyn Dodgers, the teams work resulted in the signing of Jackie Robinson. Sisler was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939, in 1999 editors at The Sporting News named him 33rd on their list of Baseballs 100 Greatest Players. Sisler was born in the hamlet of Manchester. His paternal ancestors were immigrants from Northern Germany in the middle of 19th century, when he was 14, Sisler moved to Akron to live with his older brother so that he could attend an accredited high school. When Sisler was a school senior, his brother died of tuberculosis but Sisler was able to move in with a local family. In 1911, Sisler signed a contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates to play minor league baseball in the Ohio–Pennsylvania League and he played college baseball for the University of Michigan. As a freshman, Sisler struck out 20 batters in seven innings during a 1912 game and he lettered in baseball from 1913 to 1915. At Michigan he played for coach Branch Rickey and he earned a degree in mechanical engineering, after his graduation from Michigan, Sisler sought legal advice from Rickey about the status of his contract with Pittsburgh. The three-time Vanity Fair All-American had become highly sought-after by major league scouts, Rickey talked to Pittsburgh owner Barney Dreyfuss about releasing Sisler from the contract he had signed as a minor, but Dreyfuss maintained his claim to Sisler. Rickey wrote to the National Commission, baseballs governing body, who ruled that the contract was illegal, Rickey, now managing the St. Louis Browns, signed Sisler to a contract worth $7,400. Sisler entered the leagues as a pitcher for the Browns in 1915. He posted a pitching record of 5–6 with a 2.35 earned run average in 24 career mound appearances. He defeated Walter Johnson twice in complete-game victories, in 1916, he moved to first base and finished the season with a batting average above.300 for the first of seven consecutive seasons. He also had 34 stolen bases season, he stole at least 28 bases in every season through 1922. In 1917, Sisler hit.353, registered 190 hits, the next year he hit.341 and stole a league-leading 45 bases. He then enlisted in the army, joining major league players in a Chemical Warfare Service unit commanded by Rickey
34.
Harry Heilmann
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Harry Edwin Heilmann, nicknamed Slug due to his lack of speed, was an American baseball player and radio announcer. He played professional baseball for 19 years between 1913 and 1932, including 17 seasons in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers and he was a play-by-play announcer for the Tigers for 17 years from 1934 to 1950. Heilmann won four American League batting championships, securing the honors in 1921,1923,1925 and 1927, at the time of his retirement in 1932, Heilmann ranked sixth in major league history with 542 doubles and eighth with 1,540 RBIs. He remains one of five players in American League history to hit.400 for a season. At his peak from 1921 to 1927, Heilmann compiled a.380 batting average.452 on-base percentage.583 slugging percentage, and averaged 116 RBIs,41 doubles,11 triples, and 104 runs scored per season. After retiring from baseball, Heilmann ran unsuccessfully for the office of Detroit City Treasurer and operated a baseball team in 1933 and, in 1934. From 1934 to 1941, he was announcer on the Michigan Radio Network covering parts of Michigan located outside metropolitan Detroit. From 1942 to 1950, he was the radio voice of the Tigers throughout the state. Heilmann died from cancer in July 1951. He was posthumously elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame six months later in January 1952, Heilmann was born in San Francisco in 1894. His father, Richard W. Heilmann, was born in 1860 at Sacramento, California, the son of an Irish mother and his mother, Mary Heilmann, sometimes referred to as Mollie, was born in 1864 in County Roscommon, Ireland. Harry was the fourth surviving child, having an older sister, May. Heilmanns father operated a business, ran as a Republican for the office of Supervisor of San Franciscos Ninth Ward in 1896. As a boy in the 1890s and continuing at least through the time of the 1900 Census, Heilmann lived with his family at 708A Brannan Street in what is now the South of Market district of San Francisco. Heilmann was 11 years old at the time of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake that killed approximately 3,000 persons and left nearly 75% of the population homeless. Heilmanns older brother, Walter, was an athlete who attended Sacred Heart Cathedral Preparatory in San Francisco. The boat capsized in a squall, and Walter drowned while trying to swim to shore, as of 1910, Heilmann was living with his mother at 112 Sixteenth Street in the Dogpatch neighborhood of San Francisco. Heilmann followed his brother to Sacred Heart Cathedral Preparatory, where he played football, track and field, and basketball
35.
Babe Ruth
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George Herman Babe Ruth Jr. was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935. Ruth established many MLB batting records, including home runs, runs batted in, bases on balls, slugging percentage, and on-base plus slugging. Ruth is regarded as one of the greatest sports heroes in American culture and is considered by many to be the greatest baseball player of all time, in 1936, Ruth was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its first five inaugural members. At age seven, Ruth was sent to St, in 1914, Ruth was signed to play minor-league baseball for the Baltimore Orioles but was soon sold to the Red Sox. By 1916, he had built a reputation as a pitcher who sometimes hit long home runs. With regular playing time, he broke the MLB single-season home run record in 1919, after that season, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee sold Ruth to the Yankees amid controversy. The trade fueled Bostons subsequent 86 year championship drought and popularized the Curse of the Bambino superstition, in his 15 years with New York, Ruth helped the Yankees win seven American League championships and four World Series championships. As part of the Yankees vaunted Murderers Row lineup of 1927, Ruth hit 60 home runs and he retired in 1935 after a short stint with the Boston Braves. During his career, Ruth led the AL in home runs during a season twelve times, Ruths legendary power and charismatic personality made him a larger-than-life figure in the Roaring Twenties. During his career, he was the target of press and public attention for his baseball exploits. His often reckless lifestyle was tempered by his willingness to do good by visiting children at hospitals, after his retirement as a player, he was denied a managerial job in baseball, most likely due to poor behavior during parts of his playing career. In his final years, Ruth made many appearances, especially in support of American efforts in World War II. In 1946, he became ill with cancer, and died two years later, George Herman Ruth Jr. was born in 1895 at 216 Emory Street in Pigtown, a working-class section of Baltimore, Maryland, named for its meat-packing plants. Its population included recent immigrants from Ireland, Germany and Italy, Ruths parents, George Herman Ruth, Sr. and Katherine Schamberger, were both of German American ancestry. According to the 1880 census, his parents were born in Maryland, the paternal grandparents of Ruth, Sr. were from Prussia and Hanover. Ruth, Sr. had a series of jobs, including lightning rod salesman and streetcar operator, before becoming a counterman in a combination grocery. George Ruth Jr. was born in the house of his grandfather, Pius Schamberger. Only one of young Georges seven siblings, his younger sister Mamie, many details of Ruths childhood are unknown, including the date of his parents marriage
36.
Heinie Manush
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Henry Emmett Manush, nicknamed Heinie, was an American baseball outfielder. After retiring as a player, Manush was a minor league manager from 1940 to 1945, a scout for the Boston Braves in the late 1940s and he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964. A native of Tuscumbia, Alabama, Manush was one of the best batters in baseball in the 1920s and 1930s. Manush was also a solid defensive outfielder, appearing in 2,008 major league games,1,381 as a fielder,312 as a center fielder. He led the American League with 356 putouts as a fielder in 1928, a.992 fielding percentage in left field in 1928. His 2,855 putouts in left field ranks 21st in major league history, Manush was born in 1901 at Tuscumbia, Alabama, a city in the Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan area that is best known as the hometown of Helen Keller. His father, George Manush, immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1878 and his mother, Kate Manush, was born in Wisconsin, the daughter of German immigrants. Manush was nicknamed Heinie due to his German ancestry and he was one of eight children in the family, seven boys and one girl. All seven boys took up baseball, five of them playing the game professionally and his brother Frank Manush was 18 years older than Heinie and played professional baseball from 1907 to 1921. Manush was seven years old when Frank made his league debut in 1908 and later recalled, When I was as young as 7 or 8, Frank used to bring home all his baseball equipment. I would look at that weird paraphernalia and wish I could wear it, from then on, baseball was all I ever had on my mind. Manush started high school in Tuscumbia but transferred as a senior to Massey Military Academy, located 80 miles northeast of Tuscumbia in Cornersville, in 1918, Manush moved to Iowa to join another brother in the plumbing business. He then moved to California in March 1919 and played baseball with a club in Los Angeles. Manush began his career in 1920, playing six games for the Portland Beavers in the Pacific Coast League. Moving to the Edmonton Eskimos in the Western Canada League in 1921, in 1922, he played for the Omaha Buffaloes in the Western League, hitting 20 home runs and compiling a.376 batting average that was second in the league behind only Carl East. After Manushs 1922 performance in Omaha, he was purchased by the Detroit Tigers, during his rookie season with the Tigers, Manush played well enough to appear in 109 games,79 as a left fielder, sharing the position with Veach. He compiled a.334 batting average, tenth highest in the American League and he also led the league with 17 times hit by pitch. In 1924, Manush appeared in 120 games,71 as the left fielder
37.
Goose Goslin
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Leon Allen Goose Goslin was a left fielder in Major League Baseball known for his powerful left-handed swing and dependable clutch hitting. He played 18 seasons with the Washington Senators, St. Louis Browns and he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1968. Born in Salem, New Jersey, Goslin was 16 when he left home to play on a semipro circuit of the Eastern seaboard. Goslin was discovered by famed scout Joe Engel, after hearing from Engel, Senators owner Clark Griffith personally scouted Goslin and attended a Sally League game in which Goslin was playing for Columbia, South Carolina. A fly ball hit Goslin on the head, and another barely missed him, Goslin hit three home runs in the game, and Griffith decided to take a chance on him. Goslins difficulty in judging fly balls contributed to his nickname Goose, opposing players said Goslin resembled a bird flapping its wings when he ran after a ball with his arms waving. While not a fielder, Goslin did have a good throwing arm. However, one year during spring training, Goslin wandered to an adjacent field where a track, Goslin tried the shot put, and his throwing arm was never the same afterward. The 20-year-old Goslin was called up to the leagues to play for the Washington Senators for the last two weeks of the 1921 season. He had a promising.351 on-base percentage in 14 games in 1921, Goslin played 93 games in 1922 and became a fixture for the Senators in left field until 1930. Goslin hit.324 in his first full season in 1922, showing speed on the base paths, Goslin led the American League with 18 triples in 1923. In 1924, Goslin established himself as one of the top run producers, as he led the American League with 129 RBIs. At age 23, Goslin also hit for the cycle and was among the leaders with 17 triples,299 total bases and 199 hits. After the Senators had losing records in 1922 and 1923, Goslin helped to spark the team to a 92-win season, Goslin hit.344 with three home runs, seven RBI and a.656 slugging percentage in that World Series. Goslin also set a World Series record in 1924 with six consecutive hits and that record was tied in 1976 by Thurman Munson and later broken in 1990 by Billy Hatcher, who had seven consecutive hits in that World Series. Goslin contributed another strong performance to the 1925 Senators, batting.334 and his 20 triples led the American League. Once again, he batted in far more runs than any other Senators hitter –26 more than Sam Rice, the Senators easily won their second consecutive pennant, finishing 8½ games ahead of the Philadelphia Athletics. Despite Goslins role in leading the Senators to the 1924 and 1925 World Series, Goslin continued as one of the American Leagues best batters with averages of.354 and.334 in 1926 and 1927, but his best season came in 1928
38.
Lew Fonseca
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While not a power hitter, he hit for average and was a good contact hitter for most of his career. His success was short-lived, however, as he broke his arm in 1930, fonseca is perhaps best known as one of the first men to use film in analyzing baseball games and finding flaws in players. It is said that his interest with cameras began while shooting Slide, Kelly, as manager of the Chicago White Sox, he used film extensively. After retiring from playing the game, he was director of promotions for both leagues, fonseca was batting coach for the Chicago Cubs for many years, until quite late in life. His daughter Carolynn was an actress who worked mostly out of Rome. Fonseca died in Ely, Iowa at age 90, one month after the Loma Prieta earthquake hit near his birthplace of Oakland, List of Major League Baseball batting champions List of Major League Baseball player–managers Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference
39.
Al Simmons
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Aloysius Harry Simmons, born Aloisius Szymanski, was an American baseball player. Nicknamed Bucketfoot Al, he played for two decades in Major League Baseball as an outfielder and had his best years with Connie Macks Philadelphia Athletics during the 1930s. He also played with the Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers, Washington Senators, Boston Braves, Cincinnati Reds, after his playing career ended, Simmons served as a coach for the Athletics and the Cleveland Indians. Simmons was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953 and he died of a heart attack three years later. Simmons was born in Milwaukee and grew up as a fan of the Philadelphia Athletics, in the fourth grade, he received a spanking from his father for insisting that he wanted to play professional baseball. When he persisted in asserting his desire to be a baseball player, Simmons was known by his birth last name until he was playing for a local minor league team and he tired of hearing people mispronounce it. He saw an advertisement for a company named Simmons Hardware and decided to take on the last name of Simmons, in his second season with Philadelphia, Simmons led the AL with 253 hits with a.387 batting average,24 home runs and 129 runs batted in. He scored 122 runs, hit 43 doubles, and finished with a.599 slugging percentage and he earned the second-most votes for the leagues Most Valuable Player Award. In the following three seasons, he hit.341.392 and.351 and drove in 109,108 and 107 runs in those years, while finishing fifth in 1926 MVP voting. Simmons led the As to the AL pennant in 1929 as Philadelphia went 104–46, the As went on to defeat the Chicago Cubs in five games to win the World Series. That season he hit.365 with 34 home runs and led the AL with 157 RBI and he also scored 114 runs, had 212 hits with 41 doubles and a.642 slugging percentage. In his first World Series Simmons batted.300 with 2 home runs,5 RBIs and scored 6 runs. Simmons best year as a player was in 1930, when he won his first of successive batting titles and he had a slugging percentage of.708, drove in 165 runs and scored 152 runs in 138 games. The As won the AL pennant again, going 102–52, in that World Series, Simmons batted.364 with 2 home runs,4 RBI with a.727 slugging percentage. In 1931, the As won their third straight AL pennant, by 13.5 games over the Yankees, going 107–45. Simmons won his second batting title, hitting.390 with 22 home runs,128 RBI,100 runs scored,200 hits,37 doubles,13 triples and he finished third in AL MVP voting behind the MVP and the Yankees Lou Gehrig. The As were upset in their quest for a third consecutive World Series title, Simmons hit.333 with 2 home runs and 8 RBI in the series. In a final season with Philadelphia, Simmons led the AL with 216 hits and he batted.322, with 35 home runs,151 RBIs and 144 runs scored in 1932
40.
Dale Alexander
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David Dale Alexander, nicknamed Moose, was an American baseball player and manager. At six feet, three inches and 210 pounds, he was one of the American Leagues best hitters from 1929 to 1932. He led the American League with 215 hits as a rookie in 1929, in five major league seasons, he compiled a.331 batting average with 811 hits and 459 RBIs. In May 1933, Alexander sustained third degree burns on his leg, the burns and infection limited his mobility and effectively ended his major league career. He continued to play in the leagues until 1942, compiling a.334 batting average with 2,145 hits and 1,171 RBIs in minor league play. He also served as a minor league manager for the Sanford Lookouts, Thomasville Tourists, Selma Cloverleafs, Greeneville Burley Cubs, Knoxville Smokies and he also served as a scout for the New York Giants and Milwaukee Braves in the 1950s and 1960s. Alexander was born in Greeneville, Tennessee, in 1903 and he was raised on a family farm that had been in his family since the 18th century. He attended Milligan College where he was an end and punter on the schools football team. He also played basketball and baseball at Milligan and later played baseball for Tusculum College, Alexander began playing professional baseball for his hometown team, the Greeneville Burley Cubs of the Appalachian League, in 1923 and 1924. In 1924, he compiled a.332 batting average with 28 doubles and 10 triples in 114 games and he moved on to the Charlotte Hornets of the South Atlantic League, batting.331 in 1925 and.323 in 1926. Alexander next played for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the International League, in 1927, he compiled a.338 batting average with 26 doubles,11 triples and 12 home runs and 97 RBIs. The next year, he won the International League triple crown with a.380 batting average,31 home runs, after his 1929 season, expectations for Alexander were high, with some writers comparing him to Babe Ruth. On December 5,1928, the Detroit Tigers purchased Alexander and pitcher Augie Prudhomme from Toronto for $100,000 cash, in 1929, Alexander won the first base job with the Tigers, starting 155 games at the position. He compiled a.343 batting average, scored 110 runs and he also ranked among the American League leaders with 83 extra base hits,363 total bases,137 RBIs,25 home runs, a.580 slugging percentage,43 doubles, and 15 triples. After a tremendous season, comparisons to Babe Ruth continued with one writer even dubbing him the Prince of Swat. In 1930, Alexander started 154 games at first base for the Tigers, in his first two major league seasons, Alexander had 272 RBIs. The only player with more RBIs in his first two league seasons was Joe DiMaggio in 1936 and 1937. Alexander also had the longest hitting streak of the 1930 season, in 1931, Alexander appeared in 135 games, including 125 games as the Tigers starting first baseman and four as a starter in left field
41.
Jimmie Foxx
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Foxx became the second player in MLB history to hit 500 career home runs, after Babe Ruth. Attaining that plateau at age 32 years 336 days, he held the record for youngest to reach 500 for sixty-eight years and his three career Most Valuable Player awards are tied for second all-time. Foxx was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1951, Foxx was born in Sudlersville, Maryland on October 22,1907 to Dell and Mattie Foxx, who were farmers. Dell Foxx had played baseball for a team when he was younger. Jimmie Foxx did well in school but excelled in sports, particularly soccer, track and he played all three sports at Sudlersville High School. Foxx dropped out of school early to join a minor league team managed by former Philadelphia Athletics great Frank Home Run Baker. Foxx had hoped to pitch or play third base, but since the team was short on catchers and he immediately drew interest from the Athletics and New York Yankees. Foxx signed with the As and made his league debut in May 1925 at age 17. He was still in his year of high school at the time. The As catching duties were filled by future Baseball Hall of Fame member Mickey Cochrane, so by 1927. In 1929, installed as the As regular first baseman, Foxx had a year, batting.354. That year, Foxx appeared on the cover of Time, in 1932, Foxx hit.364, with 58 home runs with 169 RBIs, missing the Triple Crown by just three points in batting average. Foxx actually hit 60 home runs that year, which would have tied Babe Ruths record, Foxx did win the Triple Crown the following season, with a batting average of.356,163 RBIs, and 48 home runs. He won back-to-back MVP honors in 1932 and 1933, Foxx was one of the three or four most feared sluggers of his era. The great Yankee pitcher Lefty Gomez once said of him, He has muscles in his hair, in 1937, Foxx hit a ball into the third deck of the left-field stands at Yankee Stadium, a very rare feat because of the distance and the angle of the stands. Gomez was the pitcher who gave it up, and when asked how far it went, he said, I dont know, but I do know it took somebody 45 minutes to go up there and get it back. When the Great Depression fully hit in the early 1930s, As owner Connie Mack was unable to pay the salaries of his highly paid stars, after a 1936 contract dispute, Mack sold Foxxs contract to the Red Sox for $150,000. Foxx played six years for Boston, including a 1938 season in which he hit 50 home runs, drove in 175 runs, batted.349, won his third MVP award, Foxx is one of nine players to have won three MVPs, only Barry Bonds has more
42.
Lou Gehrig
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Henry Louis Lou or Buster Gehrig was an American baseball first baseman who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees, from 1923 through 1939. Gehrig was renowned for his prowess as a hitter and for his durability and he was an All-Star seven consecutive times, a Triple Crown winner once, an American League Most Valuable Player twice, and a member of six World Series champion teams. He had a career.340 batting average.632 slugging average, and he hit 493 home runs and had 1,995 runs batted in. In 1939, he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame and was the first MLB player to have his number retired by a team. A native of New York City and attendee of Columbia University, the disease forced him to retire at age 36 and was the cause of his death two years later. The pathos of his farewell from baseball was capped off by his iconic 1939 Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth speech at Yankee Stadium, a monument in Gehrigs honor, originally dedicated by the Yankees in 1941, currently resides in Monument Park at Yankee Stadium. The Lou Gehrig Memorial Award is given annually to the MLB player best exhibiting his integrity, Gehrig was born in 1903 at 309 East 94th Street in the Yorkville neighborhood of Manhattan, he weighed almost 14 pounds at birth. He was the second of four children of German immigrants, Christina Foch and Heinrich Gehrig and his father was a sheet metal worker by trade but frequently unemployed due to alcoholism, and his mother, a maid, was the main breadwinner and disciplinarian in the family. His two sisters died at an age from whooping cough and measles, a brother also died in infancy. From an early age, Gehrig helped his mother with work, doing such as folding laundry. In 1910, he lived with his parents at 2266 Amsterdam Avenue in Washington Heights, in 1920, the family resided on 8th Avenue in Manhattan. His name was anglicized to Henry Louis Gehrig and he was known as Lou so that he would not be confused with his identically named father. Gehrig first garnered attention for his baseball ability while playing in a game at Cubs Park on June 26,1920. His New York School of Commerce team was playing a team from Chicagos Lane Tech High School in front of a crowd of more than 10,000 spectators. With his team leading 8–6 in the top of the inning, Gehrig hit a grand slam completely out of the major league park. Gehrig attended PS132 in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan, then went to Commerce High School and he then studied at Columbia University for two years, although he did not graduate. Initially, he went to Columbia on a scholarship, where he was preparing to pursue a degree in engineering. After he played a dozen games for the Hartford Senators in the Eastern League, in 1922, Gehrig returned to collegiate sports as a fullback for the Columbia Lions football program
