A buffalo jump, or sometimes bison jump, is a cliff formation which Indigenous peoples of North America historically used to hunt and kill plains bison in mass quantities. The broader term game jump refers to a man-made jump or cliff used for hunting other game, such as reindeer.
Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, in southern Alberta
Buffalo being chased off a cliff, painted by Alfred Jacob Miller in the late 19th century.
Mile Canyon bison jump site
Wahkpa Chu'gn buffalo jump in Montana.
The Blackfoot Confederacy, Niitsitapi, or Siksikaitsitapi, is a historic collective name for linguistically related groups that make up the Blackfoot or Blackfeet people: the Siksika ("Blackfoot"), the Kainai or Blood, and two sections of the Peigan or Piikani – the Northern Piikani (Aapátohsipikáni) and the Southern Piikani. Broader definitions include groups such as the Tsúùtínà (Sarcee) and A'aninin who spoke quite different languages but allied with or joined the Blackfoot Confederacy.
Flag of the Blackfoot Confederacy
Six chiefs of the Blackfoot Confederacy in 1859
Blackfoot Confederacy
Chief Aatsista-Mahkan, c.1905.