1.
United States Coast Guard
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The United States Coast Guard is a branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the countrys seven uniformed services. This has happened twice, in 1917, during World War I, created by Congress on 4 August 1790 at the request of Alexander Hamilton as the Revenue Marine, it is the oldest continuous seagoing service of the United States. As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton headed the Revenue Marine, by the 1860s, the service was known as the U. S. Revenue Cutter Service and the term Revenue Marine gradually fell into disuse, the modern Coast Guard was formed by a merger of the Revenue Cutter Service and the U. S. Life-Saving Service on 28 January 1915, under the U. S. Department of the Treasury. As one of the five armed services, the Coast Guard has been involved in every U. S. war from 1790 to the Iraq War. As of 2014 the Coast Guard had over 36,000 men and women on duty,7,350 reservists,29,620 auxiliarists. In terms of size, the U. S. Coast Guard by itself is the worlds 12th largest naval force. Because of its authority, the Coast Guard can conduct military operations under the U. S. Department of Defense or directly for the President in accordance with Title 14 USC 1–3. The Coast Guards enduring roles are maritime safety, security, to carry out those roles, it has 11 statutory missions as defined in 6 U. S. C. §468, which include enforcing U. S. law in the worlds largest exclusive economic zone of 3.4 million square miles, the Coast Guards motto is the Latin phrase, Semper Paratus. In a 2005 article in Time magazine following Hurricane Katrina, the author wrote, the Coast Guards most valuable contribution to may be as a model of flexibility, and most of all, spirit. Wil Milam, a swimmer from Alaska told the magazine, In the Navy. Practicing for war, training for war, in the Coast Guard, it was, take care of our people and the mission will take care of itself. The Coast Guard carries out three basic roles, which are subdivided into eleven statutory missions. Both agencies maintain rescue coordination centers to coordinate this effort, and have responsibility for military and civilian search and rescue. The two services jointly provide instructor staff for the National Search and Rescue School that trains SAR mission planners and coordinators, previously located on Governors Island, New York, the school is now located at Coast Guard Training Center Yorktown at Yorktown, Virginia. The NRC also takes Maritime Suspicious Activity and Security Breach Reports, details on the NRC organization and specific responsibilities can be found in the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan. The Marine Information for Safety and Law Enforcement database system is managed and used by the Coast Guard for tracking pollution, the five uniformed services that make up the U. S
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United States Customs Service
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The United States Customs Service was an agency of the U. S. federal government that collected import tariffs and performed other selected border security duties. Border Patrol and former INS inspectors, together with border agriculture inspectors, to form U. S. Customs and Border Protection, a single, unified border agency for the U. S. The United States Customs Service had three missions, collecting tariff revenue, protecting the U. S. economy from smuggling and illegal goods. Four weeks later, on July 31, the act of Congress established the United States Customs Service. As part of new government agency, a new role was created for government officials which was known as Customs Collector. In this role, one person would have responsibility to supervise the collection of duties in a particular city or region. For over 100 years after its birth, the U. S. Customs Service was the source of funds for the entire government. Purchases include the Louisiana and Oregon territories, Florida and Alaska, funding the National Road and the Transcontinental Railroad, building many of the nations lighthouses, military and Naval academies, and Washington, D. C. The original design had the Customs Service seal that was an eagle with three arrows in his left talon, a branch in his right and surrounded by an arc of 13 stars. In 1951, this was changed to the eagle depicted on the Great Seal of the United States and its actual name is the Revenue Ensign, as it was flown by ships of the Revenue Cutter Service, later the Coast Guard, and at customs houses. In 1910, President William Howard Taft issued an order to add an emblem to the flag flown by ships from the one flown on land at customs houses, the version with the badge continues to be flown by Coast Guard vessels. Until 2003, the version was flown at all United States ports of entry. The U. S. Customs Service employed a number of law enforcement officers throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Customs Special Agents investigated smuggling and other violations of customs, narcotics, Customs Inspectors were uniformed officers at airports, seaports and land border ports of entry who inspected people and vehicles entering the U. S. for contraband and dutiable merchandise. Customs Patrol Officers conducted uniformed and plainclothes patrol of the borders on land, sea and air to deter smuggling, in the 20th century, as international trade and travel increased dramatically, the Customs Service transitioned from an administrative bureau to a federal law enforcement agency. S. Postal Inspection Service, U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, Border Patrol—to investigate cases often far from international airports, bridges and land crossings. With the passage of the Homeland Security Act, the U. S. Customs Service passed from under jurisdiction of the Treasury Department to the Department of Homeland Security, on March 1,2003, parts of the U. S. S. The Federal Protective Service, along with the arms of the U. S. Customs Service
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Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the courts, including the Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are defined by acts of Congress. The full name of the republic is United States of America, no other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party. The terms Government of the United States of America or United States Government are often used in documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. In casual conversation or writing, the term Federal Government is often used, the terms Federal and National in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D. C, Washington is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution, the government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the worlds first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republics. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, some make the case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states or other recognized entities. For example, while the legislative has the power to create law, the President nominates judges to the nations highest judiciary authority, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in its turn, has the power to invalidate as unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress and these and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. The United States Congress is the branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of each state has in the House is based on each states population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term, each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve, in addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one resident commissioner. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, there are currently 100 senators, who each serve six-year terms
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Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
5.
United States Department of the Treasury
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The Department of the Treasury is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue, the Department is administered by the Secretary of the Treasury, who is a member of the Cabinet. On February 13,2017, the Senate confirmed Steven Mnuchin as Secretary of the Treasury, the first Secretary of the Treasury was Alexander Hamilton, who was sworn into office on September 11,1789. Hamilton was asked by President George Washington to serve after first having asked Robert Morris, Hamilton almost single-handedly worked out the nations early financial system, and for several years was a major presence in Washingtons administration as well. His portrait is on the obverse of the U. S. ten-dollar bill while the Treasury Department building is shown on the reverse. Besides the Secretary, one of the best-known Treasury officials is the Treasurer of the United States whose signature, along with the Treasury Secretarys, the Treasury prints and mints all paper currency and coins in circulation through the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint. The Department also collects all federal taxes through the Internal Revenue Service, the Congress had no power to levy and collect taxes, nor was there a tangible basis for securing funds from foreign investors or governments. The delegates resolved to issue paper money in the form of bills of credit, the Congress stipulated that each of the colonies contribute to the Continental governments funds. With the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4,1776, despite the infusion of foreign and domestic loans to pay for a war of independence, the United Colonies were unable to establish a well-organized agency for financial administration. Michael Hillegas was first called Treasurer of the United States on May 14,1777, the Treasury Office was reorganized three times between 1778 and 1781. The $241.5 million of paper Continental Dollars devalued rapidly, by May 1781, the dollar collapsed at a rate of from 500 to 1000 to 1 against hard currency. Protests against the worthless money swept the colonies and angry Americans coined the expression not worth a Continental, Robert Morris was designated Superintendent of Finance in 1781 and restored stability to the nations finances. Morris, a colonial merchant, was nicknamed the Financier because of his reputation for procuring funds or goods on a moments notice. His staff included a Comptroller, a Treasurer, a Register, and auditors, who managed the finances through 1784. The Treasury Board of three Commissioners continued to oversee the finances of the confederation of former colonies until September 1789, the First Congress of the United States was called to convene in New York on March 4,1789, marking the beginning of government under the Constitution. Alexander Hamilton took the oath of office as the first Secretary of the Treasury on September 11,1789, Hamilton had served as George Washingtons aide-de-camp during the Revolution, and was of great importance in the ratification of the Constitution. Because of his financial and managerial acumen, Hamilton was a choice for solving the problem of the new nations heavy war debt. Hamiltons first official act was to submit a report to Congress in which he laid the foundation for the financial health
6.
United States Department of Commerce and Labor
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The United States Department of Commerce and Labor was a short-lived Cabinet department of the United States government, which was concerned with controlling the excesses of big business. It was created on February 14,1903, during the administration of Theodore Roosevelt, investigations were the province of its Bureau of Corporations. The department was renamed the Department of Commerce on March 4,1913, the Bureau of Corporations was spun off as an independent agency in 1915, the Federal Trade Commission The United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor was the head of the department. The secretary was a member of the Presidents Cabinet, corresponding with the division of the department in 1913, the Secretarys position was divided into separate positions of Commerce and Labor. In 2011, in response to federal budget-cutting efforts, Senator Richard Burr, sponsored Senate Bill 1116, to date no action on this proposal has been taken beyond referral to committee. Parties Republican Labor and Commerce, Department of
7.
United States Department of Commerce
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The United States Department of Commerce is the Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic growth. Among its tasks are gathering economic and demographic data for business and government decision-making and this organizations main purpose is to create jobs, promote economic growth, encourage sustainable development and improve standards of living for all Americans. The Department of Commerce headquarters is the Herbert C. Hoover Building in Washington, the department was originally created as the United States Department of Commerce and Labor on February 14,1903. It was subsequently renamed the Department of Commerce on March 4,1913, as the bureaus, in 1940, the Weather Bureau was transferred from the Agriculture Department, and the Civil Aeronautics Authority was merged into the department. In 1949, the Public Roads Administration was added to the department due to the dissolution of the Federal Works Agency, in 1958, the independent Federal Aviation Agency was created and the Civil Aeronautics Authority was abolished. In 1966, the Bureau of Public Roads was transferred to the newly created Department of Transportation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration was created on October 3,1970.6 billion. The budget authorization is broken down as follows, Proposals to reorganize the Department go back many decades, the Economic Development Administration would be completely eliminated. The Obama administration projects that the reorganization would save $3 billion, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration would be transferred from the Department of Commerce into the Department of the Interior. Later that year, shortly before the 2012 presidential election, Obama invoked the idea of a secretary of business in reference to the plan. The reorganization was part of a proposal which would grant the President the authority to propose mergers of federal agencies. This ability had existed from the Great Depression until the Reagan presidency, the Obama administration plan faced criticism for some of its elements. However, environmental groups such as the Natural Resources Defense Council feared that the reorganization could distract the agency from its mission of protecting the nations oceans, the plan was reiterated in the Obama administrations FY2016 budget proposal that was released in February 2015
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United States Navy
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The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U. S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, the U. S. Navy has the worlds largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of October 2016, the U. S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. It played a role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy. It played the role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan. The 21st century U. S. Navy maintains a global presence, deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific, the Mediterranean. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Navy is itself a division of the Department of Defense, which is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Naval Operations is an admiral and the senior naval officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO may not be the highest ranking officer in the armed forces if the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, the United States Navy is a seaborne branch of the military of the United States. The Navys three primary areas of responsibility, The preparation of naval forces necessary for the prosecution of war. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, U. S. Navy training manuals state that the mission of the U. S. Armed Forces is to prepare and conduct prompt and sustained combat operations in support of the national interest, as part of that establishment, the U. S. Navys functions comprise sea control, power projection and nuclear deterrence, in addition to sealift duties. It follows then as certain as that night succeeds the day, that without a decisive naval force we can do nothing definitive, the Navy was rooted in the colonial seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains, and shipbuilders. In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, Massachusetts had its own Massachusetts Naval Militia, the establishment of a national navy was an issue of debate among the members of the Second Continental Congress. Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the worlds preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. Commander in Chief George Washington resolved the debate when he commissioned the ocean-going schooner USS Hannah to interdict British merchant ships, and reported the captures to the Congress
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Merchant vessel
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A merchant vessel or trading vessel is a boat or ship that transports cargo or carries passengers for hire. This excludes pleasure craft that do not carry passengers for hire, most countries of the world operate fleets of merchant ships. However, due to the costs of operations, today these fleets are in many cases sailing under the flags of nations that specialize in providing manpower. Such flags are known as flags of convenience, currently, Liberia and Panama are particularly favoured. Ownership of the vessels can be by any country, however, the Greek-owned fleet is the largest in the world. Today, the Greek fleet accounts for some 16 per cent of the world’s tonnage, during wars, merchant ships may be used as auxiliaries to the navies of their respective countries, and are called upon to deliver military personnel and materiel. The term commercial vessel is defined by the United States Coast Guard as any vessel engaged in trade or that carries passengers for hire. In English, Merchant Navy without further clarification is used to refer to the British Merchant Navy, general cargo ships include multi-purpose and project vessels and roll-on/roll-off cargo. A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship or vessel that carries cargo, goods, thousands of cargo carriers ply the worlds seas and oceans each year, they handle the bulk of international trade. Cargo ships are usually designed for the task, often being equipped with cranes and other mechanisms to load and unload. Dry cargo ships today are mainly bulk carriers and container ships, bulk carriers or bulkers are used for the transportation of homogeneous cargo such as coal, rubber, copra, tin, and wheat. Container ships are used for the carriage of miscellaneous goods, a bulk carrier is an ocean-going vessel used to transport bulk cargo items such as iron ore, bauxite, coal, cement, grain and similar cargo. Bulk carriers can be recognized by large box-like hatches on deck, the dimensions of bulk carriers are often determined by the ports and sea routes that they need to serve, and by the maximum width of the Panama Canal. Most lakes are too small to accommodate bulk carriers, but a large fleet of lake freighters has been plying the Great Lakes, container ships are cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size containers, in a technique called containerization. They form a common means of commercial freight transport. A tanker is a designed to transport liquids in bulk. Tankers can range in size from several hundred tons, designed to serve small harbours and coastal settlements, to several hundred thousand tons, gas Carriers such as LNG carriers as they are typically known, are a relatively rare tanker designed to carry liquefied natural gas. It has a deadweight of 565 thousand metric tons and length of about 458 meters, the use of such large ships is in fact very unprofitable, due to the inability to operate them at full cargo capacity, hence, the production of supertankers has currently ceased
10.
Merchant navy
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A merchant navy or merchant marine is the fleet of merchant vessels that are registered in a specific country. The following is a partial list of the merchant navies or merchant marines of various countries, in many countries the fleets proper name is simply the capitalized version of the common noun. The British Merchant Navy comprises the British merchant ships that transport cargo and people during time of peace and war. For much of its history, the merchant navy was the largest merchant fleet in the world, in 1939, the merchant navy was the largest in the world with 33% of total tonnage. By 2012, the merchant navy—still remaining one of the largest in the world—held only 3% of total tonnage, as of the year ending 2012, British Merchant Marine interests consists of 1,504 ships of 100 GRT or over. This includes ships either UK directly owned, parent owned or managed by a British company and this amounts to,59,413,000 GRT or alternatively 75,265,000 DWT. This is according to the maritime shipping statistics provided by the British government. British Shipping is represented nationally and globally by the UK Chamber of Shipping, canada, like several other Commonwealth nations, created its own merchant navy in a large-scale effort in World War II. Established in 1939, the Canadian Merchant Navy played a role in the Battle of the Atlantic bolstering the Allies merchant fleet due to high losses in the British Merchant Navy. Eventually thousands of Canadians served in the merchant navy aboard hundreds of Canadian merchant ships, notably the Park Ship, a school at St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia, trained Canadian merchant mariners. Manning pools, merchant navy barracks, were built in Canadian ports, the Greek maritime fleet is today engaged in commerce and transportation of goods and services universally. It consists of the merchant vessels owned by Greek civilians, flying either the Greek flag or a flag of convenience. Greece is a nation by tradition, as shipping is arguably the oldest form of occupation of the Greeks. Greece is also ranked in the top for all kinds of ships, including first for tankers, the birth of the modern Indian Merchant Navy occurred before independence from the United Kingdom, when in 1919 SS Loyalty sailed from India to Britain. Today, India ranks 15th in the world in terms of total DWT, India currently supplies around 12. 8% of officers and around 14. 5% of ratings to the world seafaring community. This is one of the highest of any country, in December 1939,3000 seafarers were employed and 186 merchant vessels were on the New Zealand Registry. Some foreign vessels were impressed, including the barque, Pamir. New Zealand, like several other Commonwealth nations, created a merchant navy, although some ships were involved in the Atlantic and North Pacific trade, mostly this involved domestic and South Pacific cargos
11.
United States Department of Labor
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The department is headed by the U. S. Secretary of Labor. In carrying out this mission, the Department of Labor administers and enforces more than 180 federal laws and these mandates and the regulations that implement them cover many workplace activities for about 10 million employers and 125 million workers. The U. S. Congress first established a Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1884 with the Bureau of Labor Act, to information about labor. This bureau was under the Department of the Interior, the Bureau started collecting economic data in 1884, and published their first report in 1886. Later, the Bureau of Labor became an independent Department of Labor and it became a bureau again within the Department of Commerce and Labor, which was established February 15,1903. President William Howard Taft signed the March 4,1913, bill establishing the Department of Labor as a Cabinet-level Department, William B. Wilson was appointed as the first Secretary of Labor on March 5,1913 by President Wilson. Secretary Wilson chaired the first meeting of the International Labour Organization in October 1919, the Federal Employees Compensation Act, signed Sept.7,1916, provided benefits to workers who are injured or contract illnesses in the workplace. Frances Perkins, the first female member, was appointed to be Secretary of Labor by President Roosevelt on March 4,1933. Perkins served for 12 years, making her the longest serving Secretary of Labor, during the John F. Kennedy Administration, planning was undertaken to consolidate most of the departments offices, then scattered around more than 20 locations. Construction on the New Labor Building began in the mid‑1960s and finished in 1975 and it was named in honor of Perkins in 1980. President Lyndon Johnson asked Congress to consider the idea of reuniting Commerce and he argued that the two departments had similar goals and that they would have more efficient channels of communication in a single department. However, Congress never acted on it, in the 1970s, following the civil rights movement, the Labor Department under Secretary George P. Shultz made a concerted effort to promote racial diversity in unions. In 1978, the Department of Labor created the Philip Arnow Award, Department officials said the program was modern and fair and that it was part of ongoing contract negotiations with the local. In August 2010, the Partnership for Public Service ranked the Department of Labor 23rd out of 31 large agencies in its annual Best Places to Work in the Federal Government list. In December 2010, then-Department of Labor Secretary Hilda Solis was named the Chair of the U. S. Interagency Council on Homelessness, in July 2011, the Department was rocked by the resignation of Ray Jefferson, Assistant Secretary for VETS, in a contracting scandal. On March 4,2013, the Department began commemorating its centennial, tom Perez was appointed as Secretary of Labor on July 23,2013. According to remarks by Perez at his swearing-in ceremony, Boiled down to its essence, did not earn a satisfactory overall grade. Title 20 of the Code of Federal Regulations Equal Employment Opportunity Commission National Labor Relations Board Occupational Information Network Ticket to Work Lombardi, labors Voice in the Cabinet, A History of the Department of Labor from Its Origins to 1921
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Steamboat Inspection Service
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The Steamboat Inspection Service was a United States agency created in 1871 to safeguard lives and property at sea. The safety inspection of merchant vessels documented under the flag of the United States has been authorized in varying degrees by Congress, in the early days, the United States Congress hesitated to pass adequate safety laws for fear of interfering with the growing and economically important steamboat industry. As the steamboat industry grew, so did the general awareness of the need for marine safety laws. The law was enforced by the United States Department of Justice, Captain Tripp performed these duties between 1838 and 1852. At that time, the law provided a US$5.00 fee for each inspection to be paid by the vessels owner, the 1838 law proved inadequate as steamboat disasters increased in volume and severity. The period from 1847 to 1852 was marked by a series of disasters primarily caused by boiler explosions, however, many were also caused by fires. The important features of the Steamboat Act were the requirement for hydrostatic testing of boilers, the act further required that both pilots and engineers be licensed by the local inspectors. Under the Steamboat Act, the organization and form of a federal inspection service began to emerge. Nine supervisory inspectors, each responsible for a geographic region, were appointed. There were also provisions for the appointment of local inspectors by a commission consisting of the district collector of customs, the supervisory inspector. Time and further proved the Steamboat Act inadequate. Probably its most serious shortcoming was the exemption of freightboats, ferries, tugboats, and towboats, however, the Steamboat Act was the beginning of legislation that would lead a federal inspection service. Continued disasters and high loss of life prompted congressional action through the passage of the Act of February 28,1871. This new law applied to all vessels and sought to protect their crews as well as their passengers. The Act of 1871 created the Steamboat Inspection Service, on February 14,1903, congressional action transferred the Steamboat Inspection Service to the newly created United States Department of Commerce and Labor. When that department was split in 1913, the service came under the control of the new United States Department of Commerce, the merger formed the new Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection. The new organization remained within the Department of Commerce, the Morro Castle fire off the coast of New Jersey in 1934, which killed 124 people, paved the way for the Act of May 27,1936. The law, known as Public Law 622, reorganized the Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection, the Bureau remained under Department of Commerce control
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Executive order (United States)
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Executive orders are orders issued by United States Presidents and directed towards officers and agencies of the Federal government of the United States. Executive orders have the force of law, based on the authority derived from statute or the Constitution itself. The ability to such orders is also based on express or implied Acts of Congress that delegate to the President some degree of discretionary power. The United States Constitution does have a provision that explicitly permits the use of executive orders, the term executive power in Article II, Section 1, Clause 1 of the Constitution is not entirely clear. The term is mentioned as direction to take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed and is part of Article II, Section 3, the consequence of failing to comply possibly being removal from office. The U. S. Specifically, such orders must be rooted in Article II of the US Constitution or enacted by the congress in statutes. Attempts to block such orders have been successful at times when such orders exceeded the authority of the president or could be handled through legislation. Other types of orders issued by the Executive are generally classified simply as administrative rather than executive orders. Initially they took no set form, consequently, such orders varied as to form and substance. The most famous executive order was by President Abraham Lincoln when he issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1,1863, Political scientist Brian R. Dirck states, The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order, itself a rather unusual thing in those days. Executive orders are simply presidential directives issued to agents of the department by its boss. Until the early 1900s, executive orders went mostly unannounced and undocumented and this changed when the Department of State instituted a numbering scheme in 1907, starting retroactively with United States Executive Order 1 issued on October 20,1862, by President Abraham Lincoln. President Trumans Executive Order 10340 in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer,343 US579 placed all steel mills in the country under federal control. This was found invalid because it attempted to make law, rather than clarify or act to further a law put forth by the Congress or the Constitution, Presidents since this decision have generally been careful to cite which specific laws they are acting under when issuing new executive orders. Wars have been fought upon executive order, including the 1999 Kosovo War during Bill Clintons second term in office, however, all such wars have had authorizing resolutions from Congress. President Truman issued 907 executive orders, with 1,081 orders by Theodore Roosevelt,1,203 orders by Calvin Coolidge, Franklin D. Roosevelt has the distinction of making a record 3,522 executive orders. Prior to 1932, uncontested executive orders had determined such issues as national mourning on the death of a president, and the lowering of flags to half-staff. President Franklin Roosevelt issued the first of his 3,522 executive orders on March 6,1933, declaring a bank holiday, Executive Order 6102 forbade the hoarding of gold coin, bullion and gold certificates
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United States Secretary of Homeland Security
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The United States Secretary of Homeland Security is the head of the United States Department of Homeland Security, the body concerned with protecting the U. S. and the safety of U. S. citizens. The secretary is a member of the Presidents Cabinet, the position was created by the Homeland Security Act following the attacks of September 11,2001. It did not, however, include the FBI or the CIA, on January 20,2009, the Senate confirmed Barack Obamas appointment of Janet Napolitano to be the third Secretary of Homeland Security, effective January 21,2009. Napolitano resigned effective August 2013 to head the University of California, on October 17, President Obama announced his intention to nominate former General Counsel of the Department of Defense Jeh Johnson, and on December 16 the US Senate confirmed the nomination. The current Secretary, sworn in on January 20,2017, is retired United States Marine Corps general John F. Kelly, on March 9,2006, 43rd President George W. Bush signed H. R.3199 as Pub. L. As of April 2017, there are four living former Secretaries of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection Director of U. S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Director of U. S. Bush nominated Bernard Kerik for the position in 2004. However a week later, Kerik withdrew his nomination, explaining that he had employed an illegal immigrant as a nanny, by July 2013, Raymond Kelly had served as Commissioner of the New York City Police Department for nearly 12 straight years. They are largely the lives of men of color
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Commandant of the Coast Guard
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The Commandant of the United States Coast Guard is the service chief and highest-ranking member of the U. S. Coast Guard. The Commandant is an admiral, appointed for a term by the President of the United States upon confirmation by the United States Senate. The Commandant is assisted by a Vice Commandant, who is also an admiral, the Commandant is also the only service chief who maintains operational command over their service. The Commandant reports to the President, via the Secretary of Homeland Security, the title of Commandant dates to a 1923 act that distributed the commissioned line and engineer officers of the U. S. Coast Guard in grades. Before 1923, the rank and title of the head of the Coast Guard was captain-commandant, the rank captain-commandant originated in the Revenue Cutter Service in 1908. The original holder of that rank was the Chief of the Revenue Cutter Service, the Coast Guard traces the lineage of Commandants back to Captain Leonard G. Shepard, chief of the Revenue Marine Bureau, even though he never officially received the title of Captain-Commandant. The Captain-Commandant position was created in 1908 when Captain Worth G. Ross was the first to hold the position. Although he was retired, Rosss predecessor, Captain Charles F. Shoemaker, was elevated to the rank of Captain-Commandant, shoemakers predecessor, Captain Shepard, had already died and was not elevated to the rank. Chiefs exercised centralized control over the Revenue Marine Bureau, Captain Alexander V. N. Broughton Devereux, 1869–1871 Sumner I. This includes Admiral Paul F. Zukunft, the current Commandant, Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard Footnotes Citations References cited Commandants official website
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Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard
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The Vice Commandant serves as the second-in-command of the United States Coast Guard. Since 1929,28 officers have served as Vice Commandant, or, as the position was referred to before 1972, the title of the position was changed effective October 2,1972, pursuant to Pub. L. This position has been held by a vice admiral until the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2015 elevated the statutory rank for the position to admiral. Commandant of the Coast Guard Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard Vice Commandants of the Coast Guard Vice Commandants official website
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Organization of the United States Coast Guard
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This article covers the organization of the United States Coast Guard. The headquarters of the Coast Guard is located at 2703 Martin Luther King Jr Avenue SE in Washington, the Coast Guard relocated to the grounds of the former St. Elizabeths Hospital in 2013. The Commandant of the Coast Guard is the Coast Guards most senior officer, the commandant is selected for a four-year term, which may be renewed for additional four-year periods. The current incumbent is Admiral Paul F. Zukunft, who replaced Admiral Robert J. Papp, the Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard is Admiral Charles D. Michel. The Deputy Commandant for Operations is Vice Admiral Charles W. Ray, the Deputy Commandant for Mission Support is Vice Admiral Sandra Stosz. The Commander of the Atlantic Area and Maritime Homeland Defense area Atlantic is Vice Admiral Karl L. Schultz, the Commander of the Pacific Area and Coast Guard Defense Forces West is Vice Admiral Fred M. Midgette. There are approximately 38 rear admirals in the Coast Guard, positions held by rear admirals include the commanders of each of the nine Coast Guard Districts, the nine assistant commandants, and the deputies to each of the vice admirals. They are also located at Coast Guard Headquarters, Department of Defense commands, the Superintendent of the United States Coast Guard Academy is Rear Admiral James E. Rendon. The Coast Guard also utilizes members of the civilian Senior Executive Service to serve as executives within the organization, there are approximately 16 SES officials in the Coast Guard. The rank of commodore is no longer used in the Coast Guard, the equivalent rank used today is rear admiral. The chief elected officers of the Coast Guard Auxiliary are referred to as commodores, signifying their senior elected office, the title of commodore is occasionally granted to senior officers who are placed in command of a group or squadron of cutters. It is not a rank, but rather a title used to signify command of multiple units afloat. Coast Guard captains, like their Navy counterparts, rank immediately below rear admiral, Coast Guard captains command most large operational units—sectors, large cutters, large air stations, integrated support commands, training centers and large headquarters units. Captains also direct most headquarters, area and district staff elements, most captains have served in the Coast Guard for 21 to 30 years. By maritime tradition, the officer of a ship is also called captain. Thus, a junior officer commanding a patrol boat is properly called captain even if his or her actual rank is lieutenant. This tradition has carried over to many shore units. Occasionally, terms like old man and skipper are also used, however, in current usage, the person in charge of a Coast Guard or Coast Guard Auxiliary small boat is the coxswain
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Missions of the United States Coast Guard
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The United States Coast Guard carries out three basic roles, which are further subdivided into eleven statutory missions. A given unit within the Coast Guard may be carrying out several missions at once, for example, a 25-foot RHIB assigned to maritime security may also watch for out-of-place or missing aids to navigation, pollution, and unsafe boating practices. See National Search and Rescue Committee Search and Rescue is one of the Coast Guards oldest missions, both agencies maintain Rescue Coordination Centers to coordinate this effort. Inshore rescues are performed by 25-foot, 27-foot, and 41-foot boats. HH-60 and HH-65 helicopters serve on both the high seas and inshore, Search and rescue operations are numerous and varied. A helicopter rescued two recreational snowmobilers in Anchor Bay, Michigan, whose vehicle crashed through the ice, boats from CGS Point Allerton in Hull came to the assistance of the fishing vessel Lady Lorraine, which was on fire off Scituate, Massachusetts. Aircraft from Coast Guard Air Station Humboldt Bay, California, searched waters off Oregon for a light aircraft. Large-scale search and rescue operations occur less frequently, but often involve many Coast Guard vessels, two rescue swimmers were awarded the Coast Guard Medal for their extraordinary efforts to keep the rescued mariners alive. Another large-scale operation took place in December 2004 in the Aleutian Islands, the Selendang Ayu carried soybeans,424,000 gallons of fuel oil, and 18,000 gallons of diesel. The operation saved 12 of the ships 18 crew members and prevented harm to nearby wildlife, six of the ships crew members died when a Coast Guard HH-60 Jayhawk helicopter crashed during the rescue. Occasionally, Coast Guard rescuers are used in non-maritime situations, on January 11,2007, the Toledo Blade reported that a worker who was dangling from a 110-foot grain elevator in Ottawa Lake, Michigan, was rescued by a Coast Guard helicopter. Coast Guard personnel inspect commercial vessels, respond to pollution, investigate marine casualties and merchant mariners, manage waterways, Coast Guard officials also draft recommendations for the transit of hazardous cargo by ship, such as liquid natural gas. The Coast Guard carries out investigations to determine the cause of accidents on American-flagged ships or foreign ships in American waters, among the activities of the Coast Guard is inspection of commercial boats carrying passengers for hire. The two main components are Flag State responsibility and Port State responsibility, the four basic categories of vessels subject to inspection are Passenger, Tanker, Cargo and Special use vessels. There are two kinds of inspections, Safety and Security, Marine investigation, Marine casualty investigation and personnel actions. Waterways Management, Provides marine safety information to the public, and conducts marine event permitting, bridge administration, Port safety, Prevent accidental damage to ports. Merchant mariner credentialing, The Coast Guard is responsible for evaluating, certifying, the Coast Guard, through the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary, along with the United States Power Squadrons, perform Vessel Safety Checks on recreational boaters throughout the country. See National Ice Center See International Ice Patrol Icebergs off the Grand Banks have always posed a problem for shipping, in 1833, the Lady of the Lake struck an iceberg and sank with the loss of 70 lives
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United States Coast Guard Reserve
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The United States Coast Guard Reserve is the reserve component of the United States Coast Guard. It is organized, trained, administered, and supplied under the direction of the Commandant of the Coast Guard through the Director of Reserve, the Coast Guard Reserve is an accessible pool of talent that enhances the depth and breadth of our readiness for these 21st-century challenges. Foremost, the Coast Guard Reserve must be ready for call-up at any time to provide surge capacity during such contingencies, Training, including normal drill periods and two-week annual active duty, will focus on building and honing the skills and knowledge required for these mobilization duties. Secondly, by virtue of full integration into shore-based units, reservists are available as a force for the continuum of traditional Coast Guard missions. Their employment in day-to-day operations should be structured to complement mobilization readiness requirements, individual reservists have an equal stake in acquiring and keeping current the competencies they must bring to contingency duties. Through unity of effort, we ensure that the Coast Guard Reserve is a relevant, strong force multiplier, available to deploy at a moment’s notice to secure. The United States Coast Guard Reserve was originally established on 23 June 1939 as a civilian reserve, persons joining the Coast Guard after 1 February 1942 were signed on as Regular Reservists and were obligated to serve for the duration plus six months. These Reservists served in every type of job that the Coast Guard had been tasked, the Womens Reserve was authorized by act of Congress on 23 November 1942 and soon became known as SPARS, derived from the Coast Guards Motto, Semper Paratus, Always Ready. SPARS served in administrative, maintenance and training functions in the United States, lieutenant Commander Dorothy C. Stratton was selected to head the SPAR Program and is credited with naming the group. Because all of the personnel inducted in the Coast Guard after the start of the war were Reservists, an additional 125,000 Temporary Reservists also contributed to the war effort. At the end of the war most Reservists were released to inactive duty or discharged, the SPARS were disbanded in July 1947. Due to increased tensions during the Korean War period, the SPARS were re-established in 1949, the first units were known as ORTUPS and consisted of reserve officers and enlisted training in port security operations. Meetings were generally held once a week for 4 hours on a week night, four hours paid the reservist the equivalent of one days pay for active duty Coast Guardsmen. There were 35 ORTUPS Units and 8300 Reservists serving by July 1951, during the Vietnam War period and shortly thereafter, the Coast Guard considered abandoning the Reserve program, but the force was instead reoriented into force augmentation. The Coast Guard Reserve reached its peak strength of 17,815 in 1969, in 1973 the Reserve exercised its first involuntary recall in support of flood operations in the Midwest. The next involuntary recall was in support of the Mariel Boat Lift exodus from Cuba in 1980, Reserve Units were increasingly used to augment regular Coast Guard operations during the 1980s but the mission of the Reserves was still training for mobilization. Most of the enlisted reservists in a PSU are in the Maritime Enforcement Specialist rating, the ME rating was the old Port Security Specialist rating, a reserve only rating that was integrated into the ME rating. Other rates assigned to the PSUs include Boatswains Mate, Machinery Technician, Gunners Mate, Yeoman, Storekeeper, in 1990, the first PSU was called up to active duty to support Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm
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Coast Guard Intelligence
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Coast Guard Intelligence is the military intelligence branch of the United States Coast Guard, and a component of the Central Security Service of the United States Department of Defense. The United States Coast Guard is a military, multi-mission, maritime, uniformed service of the United States Department of Homeland Security, the Coast Guard provides unique benefits to the nation because of its distinctive blend of military, humanitarian, and civilian law enforcement capabilities. To assist in accomplishing the many missions of the Coast Guard, senior leadership. Coast Guard intelligence came into existence in 1915 by the assignment of a Chief Intelligence Officer in Headquarters, article 304 in the first set of Coast Guard Regulations provided for the establishment of a Chief Intelligence Officer who was to be attached to the Office of Assistant Commandant. The office was relatively unknown until the enactment of the Prohibition Act when CGI grew to a cadre of 45 investigators, CGI was extremely successful during prohibition and an Intelligence Division was established at Headquarters in 1930, followed by district intelligence offices in 1933. During World War II, CGI was concerned with internal and domestic intelligence and counterintelligence, further, Coast Guard Intelligence was charged with conducting investigations in connection with the Coast Guards regulatory functions, except Marine Inspection Regulations. These missions include port security, search and rescue, maritime safety, counter-narcotics, alien migration interdiction and this involves intelligence collection and analysis. It is currently designated as part of the CG-2 directorate of Coast Guard headquarters, the Assistant Commandant for Intelligence and Criminal Investigations is RADM Christopher J. Tomney. This mandate for an investigative service required that special agents conduct criminal, counterintelligence, the majority of these investigations involved those criminal offenses which are in violation of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The centralization of CGIS meant reorganization from the top down, Special agents now worked for a regional Special Agent-in-Charge. The SACs were located in seven offices in Boston, Portsmouth, Virginia, Miami, Cleveland, New Orleans, Alameda, California. The SACs, in turn, reported to the director of CGIS at Headquarters who reported to the Chief of Operations and the vice commandant. Field Intelligence Support Teams are a component of the Coast Guards Ports, Waterways. On December 28,2001, President George W. Bush signed legislation that amended the National Security Act of 1947 to make Coast Guard Intelligence a member of the Intelligence Community. The CGCIS protects the Coast Guard from foreign agents who attempt to penetrate their ranks or compromise their operations. This involves investigations, operations, collection and analysis, the current Director is Rob Irvine. CGCIS is charged with shielding Coast Guard operations, personnel, systems, facilities and information from foreign intelligence and security services, non-state actors, and the insider threat. CGCIS confronts these various threats by leveraging investigations, operations, collections, analysis, cyber support, and appropriate partnerships in the intelligence and law enforcement communities
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Coast Guard Investigative Service
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The Coast Guard Investigative Service is a division of the United States Coast Guard that investigates crimes where the U. S. Coast Guard has an interest. It is composed of civilian, active duty, reserve enlisted, the Coast Guard Investigative Service is a federal law enforcement agency whose law enforcement authority is derived from 14 U. S. C. This authority provides for Coast Guard special agents to conduct investigations of actual, alleged or suspected criminal activity, carry firearms, execute and serve warrants, and make arrests. The Coast Guard Investigative Service is a centralized directorship managed by a criminal investigator who reports directly to the Coast Guards Assistant Commandant for Intelligence. It is located outside the Coast Guards operational chain of command, felony violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice United States Code violations related to or within the maritime jurisdiction of the U. S. S. All CGIS Special Agents have full arrest powers under Title 14 section 95 of the United States Code, the active duty military component is composed of Enlisted Personnel, Chief Warrant Officer and Commissioned Officer investigator positions. The civilian component is composed of GS-1811-11 to SES criminal investigator positions, the Coast Guard Investigative Services standard issue firearm is the SIG Sauer P229R DAK or SIG Sauer P239 DAK in.40 S&W. In March 2010, the character of Abigail Borin, a fictional CGIS Special Agent portrayed by actress Diane Neal, the story illustrates CGISs law enforcement responsibilities along the United States rivers, coastlines, and inland waterways in support of the Coast Guard. Borin also appeared in the 2012 episode Lost at Sea, the 2013 episode Oil and Water, and she returned in the subsequent episode The Walking Dead, and again at the conclusion of the first season, bringing Borins total appearances to 9. List of United States federal law enforcement agencies U. S. Coast Guard Intelligence United States Coast Guard Police U. S. S. Department of State U. S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations U. S. Army Criminal Investigation Command United States Army Counterintelligence Official website
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United States Coast Guard Police
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The United States Coast Guard Police provides law enforcement services, physical security, and force protection at certain shore facilities of the United States Coast Guard. Coast Guardsmen assigned to a CGPD receive either unit Job Qualification Requirement Training or have attended the Army Civilian Military Police Officer Academy, selected officers may attend advanced training for, active shooter situations, DUI, RADAR / LIDAR, A-RIDE, among others. CGPD officers wear a uniform including CGPD patches on their Operational Dress Uniform. CGPD patches and collar devices are worn by officers instead of their rank, officers carry the same firearms as other Coast Guard units and utilize various vehicles to patrol facilities. Structure CGPDs are overseen by a Command Security Officer, who is responsible for physical security aboard shoreside facilities, the position of Chief of Police is usually held by a Chief Warrant Officer or Chief Petty Officer, who oversees the day-to-day activities of a CGPD. A Petty Officer First Class usually holds the position of Deputy Chief of Police, shift supervisors are usually assigned by seniority. Police officers usually consist of Coast Guardsmen with the rank of E-3 to E-7, maritime Law Enforcement Academy U. S. Coast Guard Intelligence U. S
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Deployable Operations Group
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Upon decommissioning, the units previously assigned to the DOG were split between Coast Guard Pacific and Atlantic Area commands. From 2007-2013, the DOG and DSF deployed throughout the world in support of interests and requirements as tailored and integrated force packages. The DOG managed Coast Guard personnel assigned to the Navy Expeditionary Combat Command and it was also involved in the selection of Coast Guard candidates to attend United States Naval Special Warfare training and serve with Navy SEAL Teams. While the program is currently suspended there are still several Coast Guardsmen serving on SEAL Teams, DOG deployable specialized forces was composed of approximately 3,000 Coast Guard personnel, including the following unit types, Port Security Units are deployable expeditionary force protection. They can be deployed domestically, or abroad in support of various Department of Defense operations, Tactical Law Enforcement Teams provide specialized Law Enforcement Detachments to conduct counter-narcotics law enforcement and maritime interdiction operations from U. S. and allied naval vessels. There are currently two units, Tactical Law Enforcement Team South based in Opa-locka, Florida and the Pacific Area Tactical Law Enforcement Team based in San Diego, California. Maritime Safety and Security Teams are Anti-terrorism units created under the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001. The eleven MSSTs provide waterborne anti-terrorism and shoreside Anti-terrorism, force protection for shipping, high interest vessels. Multi-mission capability facilitates augmentation for other selected Coast Guard missions, other federal agencies that MSSTs train with are U. S. Navy VBSS Teams, FBI, and their local SWAT Teams. Although the MSRTs focus is primarily on the safety and security of homeland defense, it is capable of rapidly deploying worldwide in response to incidents. Other specialized units and federal agencies that MSRT routinely train with are U. S. Navy SEAL teams, U. S. Navy HSC Squadrons, Navy EOD, Special Mission Units, Border Patrols BORTAC, and US Customs and Border Protection SRT. Their motto, as seen on their unit patch, is Nox Noctis est Nostri and these assault force teams train extensively in advanced close quarters combat and advanced combat marksmanship. The Tactical Delivery Team, boat assault force, are trained in advanced vessel delivery tactics, the National Strike Force was established in 1973 as a direct result of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972. The National Strike Force includes five units with over 200 active duty, civilian, reserve and it is commanded by a captain. The National Strike Force Coordination Center provides support and standardization guidance to the three strike teams, each Strike Team is a highly trained cadre of Coast Guardsmen who maintain and rapidly deploy with specialized equipment and incident management skills wherever needed. There are three teams within the NSF. The Public Information Assistance Team provides emergency public information services to Federal On-Scene Coordinators primarily during oil spills and it is located at the National Strike Force Coordination Center. Regional Dive Locker East is located at Portsmouth, Virginia, and Regional Dive Locker West is located at San Diego, helicopter Interdiction Tactical Squadron Joint Maritime Training Center Naval Expeditionary Combat Command Patrol Forces Southwest Asia U. S
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United States Coast Guard Sector
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A Sector is a shore-based operational unit of the United States Coast Guard. Each Sector is responsible for the execution of all Coast Guard missions within its Area of Responsibility, with support from Coast Guard Cutters. Subordinate commands within a Sector typically include Stations and Aids-to-Navigation Teams, some Sector commands also have subordinate units such as Sector Field Offices and Marine Safety Units that are responsible for mission execution in parts of the Sectors AOR. There are 36 sectors within the Coast Guard, Sectors replaced Coast Guard Groups, Marine Safety Offices, Activities, and Vessel Traffic Services. Previously, a Group and its units provided Search and Rescue, maritime law enforcement, recreational boating safety, mSOs enforced federal laws and regulations related to the safety and security of vessels, port facilities, and the marine environment, and assisted other law enforcement agencies. The new Sector organizations are based on the Activities prototype commands established in 1996 in New York and Baltimore, the Activities units were praised for their efficiency and unity of effort in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. The attacks of September 11 called for a new Coast Guard unity of effort that was cumbersome to achieve using the previous multiple command port-level structure. The Sector Command combines responsibilities and authorities previously shared by two or more commands into an operational unit with a command and senior staff of highly competent experts. Coast Guard Sectors serve as one-stop-shops for marine safety, security and they bring multi-mission capabilities to life on the front lines of the maritime environment, where Sector Commanders are afforded broad authority. It focuses the coordinated efforts of all assigned operational capabilities to accomplish Coast Guard mission objectives, the commanding officer of a Sector is called the Sector Commander and is usually the rank of Captain. The Sector Commander holds the positions of Captain of the Port, unless otherwise assigned, the Sector Commander is also the Officer in Charge Marine Inspections, Search and Rescue Mission Coordinator, and Federal On-Scene Coordinator. The Sector Commander reports to the appropriate District Commander, the Sector Commanders second-in-command is the Deputy Sector Commander. Also reporting directly to the Sector Commander are the, Command Master Chief Senior Reserve Officer Auxiliary Coordinator The Sector Command Center is the center of Sector Operations and it provides 24-hour command, control, coordination, communications, intelligence, sensor analysis, and data mining. The SCC coordinates with federal, state, and local operations centers, and issues Notices to Mariners, Situation Reports. The Contingency Planning and Force Readiness Staff develops and maintains plans covering readiness, logistics and it coordinates with the three departments in plan development and execution, and plans and executes readiness exercises to test contingency plans. The Contingency branch also monitors the training and readiness of Sector Reserve Forces and manages their mobilization and demobilization, the Contingency Planning and Force Readiness staff also manages the federally mandated Area and Area Maritime Security Committees around the nation. The Intelligence Staff is envisioned to collect, evaluate, report and this staff will serve as the primary intelligence support element for all operations within the Sector. The Response Department contains two Divisions, Incident Management Division, Addresses SAR, pollution, and all hazards and this division works closely with federal, state, and local law enforcement and sister agencies within the DHS to respond to and mitigate the impact of maritime threats
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United States Coast Guard Air Stations
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A Coast Guard Air Station provides aviation support for the United States Coast Guard. The Coast Guard operates approximately 210 aircraft from 24 Coast Guard Air Stations in the United States, fixed-wing aircraft, such as the HC130 Hercules, are built for long range missions and operate from air stations. The HH-65 Dolphin and Sikorsky HH-60 Jayhawk helicopters also operate from Air Stations, Air Facilities, the USCG & the Los Angeles County Fire Department ocean lifeguards are involved in Helo Operations training on the coast of Los Angeles County, California. It is scheduled to close, and relocate to Naval Base Ventura County, in the summer of 2016
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United States Coast Guard Yard
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It is the Coast Guards sole shipbuilding and major repair facility, and part of the Coast Guards core industrial base and fleet support operations. Its annual budget is $88 million, for over a century, the United States Coast Guard Yard has built, repaired and renovated ships in Baltimore, Maryland, for the U. S. Coast Guard. It is the services sole shipbuilding and major repair facility, the Coast Guard Yard celebrated its centennial in 1999 and recognized the shipyards outstanding Service to the Fleet since being founded on the shores of south Baltimore in April,1899. In April,1899, the Revenue Cutter Service leased 36 acres of farmland surrounding Arundel Cove, two months later, Lieutenant John C. Moore, USRCS, arrived aboard the side-wheeler USRC Colfax to begin establishment a shipyard, Lieutenant Moore set up four small buildings including a lumber mill. The following year saw the arrival of the USRC Chase, a ship for the RCS. The crew set up permanent quarters, marking the beginning of the Coast Guard Academy, in 1905, Congress authorized the purchase of the depots and additional land. Throughout its first decade, the depot repaired many lifesaving boats, constructed a variety of boats, conducted overhauls. The depots facilities were improved upon during the 1910s. The engine school was housed in a shed along the west depot boundary, during the 1920s, production of boats, canvas work and numerous other articles for the needs of the service were stepped up. Extensive overhauls and repairs were performed on the then-modern vessels Yamacraw, Seneca, Seminole and many 100,125 patrol boats, the 500 workers of the depot included civilian employees along with enlisted men. In 1928, there were 245 wage board and 2 classified employees on the civilian payrolls, the work load was flexible, increasing considerably in the summer months and decreasing in the winter months. Its small boats were famed throughout the world, wherever lifesaving stations were located or cutters patrolled the seas, by the 1930s, many of the original buildings and equipment at the depot had become outdated. A new boat, gas engine and machine shops were built, with the transfer of the United States Lighthouse Service of the Department of Commerce to the coast guard in 1939, buoy construction became another major depot function. With the advent of World War II, the depot underwent extensive expansion, improvements included a 3000-ton floating drydock,2 shipways and a 320 x 60 concrete pier with tower crane. The depot, now comparable in size and functions to a navy shipyard, was officially designated the U. S. Coast Guard Yard. Work involved repair of vessels including submarines, buoy manufacturing, production of work for the coast guard. Additional work included the construction of the largest cutters ever built at the yard - the 255 cutters Mendota, the yard employed 3100 civilian workers during World War II
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National Ice Center
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It is represented by the United States Navy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the United States Coast Guard. The National Ice Center is a command of the Naval Oceanographic Office. The National Ice Center produces global sea ice charts and various cryospheric GIS products and they also name and track Antarctic icebergs if greater than 10 nautical miles on its longest axis. Icebergs must be a minimum of 19 kilometers in length to be tracked by the NIC, international Ice Patrol National Ice Center website
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United States Coast Guard Auxiliary
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The United States Coast Guard Auxiliary is the uniformed auxiliary component of the United States Coast Guard. Congress established the USCG Aux on June 23,1939, as the United States Coast Guard Reserve, on February 19,1941, it was re-designated the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary. The Auxiliary exists to support all USCG missions except roles that require law enforcement or military engagement. As of 2015, there were approximately 32,000 members of the U. S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, collectively the Auxiliary contributes over 4.5 million hours of service each year and completed nearly 500,000 missions in service to support the Coast Guard. In total the Coast Guard Auxiliary saves taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars each year, the development of the single-operator motorboat, and later the outboard engine, during the early 20th century increased the number of recreational boaters operating on federal waters. By 1939 there were more than 300,000 personal watercraft in operation, the previous year the Coast Guard had received 14,000 calls for assistance and had responded to 8,600 in-peril cases. On June 23,1939, the U. S, boat Owners organized into flotillas within Coast Guard districts around the United States. These volunteers conducted safety and security patrols and helped enforce the 1940 Federal Boating, in February 1941, congress created the United States Coast Guard Reserve and renamed the volunteer reserve as the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary. As newly constructed warships took over the load, the Coast Guard abandoned the concept, none of the two thousand civilian craft, armed with depth charges stowed awkwardly on their decks, ever sank a submarine, though they did rescue several hundred survivors of torpedoed merchant ships. Early in 1973, budget cuts forced the closing of seven Coast Guard stations on the Great Lakes, at the request of the affected communities, Congress ordered the stations to be re-opened and operated by the Auxiliary. The local division captains took responsibility for manning them and ensuring that Auxiliarists boats were available to assist distressed vessels. The Auxiliary later took over seven more stations on the Mississippi, in 1976 the Coast Guard commissioned a study of the Auxiliary by a private research firm, University Sciences Forum of Washington. In summary, they wrote, we consider the Auxiliary the greatest economical resource readily available to the COGARD and it performs in an outstanding manner and its personnel are among the most professional group of volunteers in the nation. Under legislation passed in 1996, the Auxiliarys role was expanded to members to assist in any Coast Guard mission, except direct law enforcement. As of 2004, the Coast Guard Auxiliary had 35,000 members who collectively provided 2 million man hours of service annually, on the 75th anniversary of the USCG Auxiliary, June 23,2014, the Commandant awarded another Coast Guard Unit Commendation ribbon to all Auxiliarists. A complete timeline of events for the Coast Guard Auxiliary can be found at this link The Auxiliary University Programs is a Coast Guard Auxiliary-managed initiative established in 2007. Today AUP now has nearly 200 students in 20 units representing over 30 colleges and universities across the United States, AUP prepares undergraduate and graduate students for future public service inside and outside of the Coast Guard Auxiliary. AUP provides opportunities for students to gain boating education, to learn about homeland security, Operational Auxiliary Program, is an advanced training program available to Auxiliarists
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United States Coast Guard Academy
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Founded in 1876, the United States Coast Guard Academy is the service academy of the United States Coast Guard. Located in New London, Connecticut, it is the smallest of the five service academies. The academy provides education to future Coast Guard officers in one of eight major fields of study, unlike the other service academies, admission to the academy does not require a congressional nomination. Students are officers-in-training and are referred to as cadets, tuition for cadets is fully funded by the Coast Guard in exchange for an obligation of five years active duty service upon graduation. This obligation increases if the cadet chooses to go to school or graduate school. Approximately 250 cadets enter the academy each summer with about 200 cadets graduating, Cadets are required to adhere to the academys Honor Concept, Who lives here reveres honor, honors duty, which is emblazoned in the halls of the academys entrance. The academys motto is Scientiæ cedit mare, which is Latin for the sea yields to knowledge, established near New Bedford, Massachusetts in 1876, the School of Instruction used the USRC Dobbin for its exercises. Captain John Henriques served as superintendent from founding until 1883, the School was, in essence, a two-year apprenticeship, supplemented by minimal classroom work. The student body averaged five to ten cadets per class, with changes to new training vessels, the school moved to Curtis Bay, Maryland, in 1900 and again in 1910 to Fort Trumbull, a Revolutionary War–era Army installation near New London, Connecticut. In 1914 the school became the Revenue Cutter Academy, and with the 1915 merger of the Revenue Cutter Service, the land for the construction of the new Coast Guard Academy in New London was purchased in 1930. The 40-acre site, made up of two parcels from the Allyn and Payne estates, was purchased for $100,000 on 31 July 1930. The $100,000 was raised not through an issue as originally planned. On 15 May 1931, Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon visited New London to lay the cornerstone of Hamilton Hall, construction proceeded relatively on schedule and cadets moved into the new buildings on 20 September 1932. In 1946, the received, as a war reparation from Germany, the barque Horst Wessel. It remains the main training vessel for cadets at the academy as well as for officer candidates as the Coast Guards Officer Candidate School, the academy was racially integrated in 1962, at the request of President Kennedy. The academy began admitting women in 1976 at the request of Congress, while Superintendent of the academy, in 1929 Vice Admiral Harry G. Hamlet composed the academys mission statement. All entering cadets must memorize the mission during their first few days of Swab Summer, unlike the other service academies, admission to the USCGA does not require a congressional nomination. This is due to the fervent objections of Captain John A. Henriques and his objection stemmed from years of poor political appointments in the U. S
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United States Coast Guard Training Center Cape May
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United States Coast Guard Training Center Cape May is the home of the Coast Guard enlisted corps and is the Coast Guards only enlisted accession point and recruit training center. It is located on 1 Munro Avenue, Cape May, New Jersey, Sewell Point, the area occupied by the Training Center, has a long history of naval presence. During the American Revolutionary War and throughout the century, Cape May Sound was used as a harbor of refuge. In 1917, the Navy established a base in Cape May, to provide training, vessel support. Initially, the Navy converted an abandoned amusement center, built along the oceanfront, the old skating rink became the mess hall and sleeping quarters, the stage was made into a galley, the human roulette wheel -- a scrub table and the barrel of fun became a brig. When the old wooden structure burned down in 1918, the Navy built standard military facilities along the harbor front, after World War I, the base was adapted to accommodate dirigibles. The largest hangar in the world,700 feet long and over 100 feet tall, was built to accommodate an airship under construction in Britain, unfortunately, the R38 crashed on its test flight and lighter-than-air craft were never fully adopted for Navy use. In 1924, the U. S. Coast Guard occupied the base, during the Prohibition era, several cutters were assigned to Cape May to foil rumrunners operating off the New Jersey coast. After Prohibition, the Coast Guard all but abandoned Cape May leaving a small air/sea rescue contingent, for a short period of time, part of the base was used as a civilian airport. With the advent of World War II, an airstrip was constructed. The over the water approach simulated carrier landings at sea, the Coast Guard also increased its Cape May forces for coastal patrol, anti-submarine warfare, air/sea rescue and buoy service. In 1946, the Navy relinquished the base to the Coast Guard, in 1948, all entry level training on the east coast was moved to the U. S. Coast Guard Recruit Receiving Station in Cape May. The Coast Guard consolidated all recruit training functions in Cape May in 1982, for over fifty years, Coast Guard Training Center Cape May has fulfilled its mission by building the enlisted corps. It provides seaman apprentices, fireman apprentices, seamen, and firemen to the Coast Guard Fleet -- generally en route to A schools -- as well as sending some personnel directly to A schools. Although modern training facilities have replaced most of the original Naval Base buildings, in addition to its role as the sole accession point for the Coast Guard’s enlisted corps, TRACENCM contains the Coast Guards recruiter and company commander programs. TRACENCM is also home for and provides support to over a dozen tenant commands. Members of the United States Coast Guard Reserve drill at USCG Station Cape May, delaware Military Academy has their Basic Leadership Training at the center. Earlier in the year, state Assemblyman Bob Andrzejczak and Senator Jeff Van Drew drafted a resolution proclaiming the first week of each August as “Coast Guard Week. ”Training Center Petaluma Training Center Yorktown Training Center Cape May official website Virtual tour Recruit Training Tours, graduation, sunset parades
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Training Center Petaluma
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Training Center Petaluma is a Coast Guard training facility in the northern California counties of Sonoma and Marin. Approximately 4,000 students train there each year and it was formerly the U. S. Army Two Rock Ranch Station. The training center is located in an area north of San Francisco at 38. 25°N122. 79°W /38.25. The facility occupies more than 800 acres of land, which include 129 family housing units and 90 other buildings and it has its own clinic, chapel, fire department, and police. C school training is offered for advanced training in each of these ratings. These specialists are usually Chief Petty Officers that are experienced in their rating. Courses developed are used in the field to help enlisted persons learn new skills in their rating, advancement is dependent in successful completion of these courses and passing grades on Service-wide Examinations in each rating. The United States Coast Guard operates the Chief Petty Officer Academy at the Training Center Petaluma and this Academy trains Chief Petty Officers for the Coast Guard and Master Sergeants for the U. S. Air Force. The U. S. Army built a communications station on this site during World War II. The Coast Guard took possession on July 1,1971 and converted it into a training facility, up until that time, the facility was one of the major radio intercept posts in the U. S. referred to by a Monitoring Station Designator. As of 2007, the site carried over 10,000 pounds of lead and 290 pounds were being released into the air each year and these releases have been ongoing since at least 2001. Training Center Cape May Training Center Yorktown Training Center Petaluma official website US Coast Guard official website
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Training Center Yorktown
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The US Coast Guard Training Center in Yorktown, Virginia is one of four major Coast Guard training facilities in the United States. The others are Training Center Petaluma, Training Center Cape May, TRACEN Cape May is the only US Coast Guard Base used for Basic Military Training or boot camp. TRACEN Yorktown, TRACEN Petaluma and the Aviation Technical Training Center are locations for Coast Guards apprentice level A, the US Coast Guard offers seven A school courses at TRACEN Yorktown. This training enhances military skills and advances technical understanding and this International training is 15 weeks long. In 1917, The US Navy purchased 400,000 acres of the Yorktown peninsula to serve as a fuel depot, in 1942 the US Navy housed their Mine Warfare Training School on the land. The US Coast Guard took possession of the school in 1957, the purpose of the RTC was to become the home of Coast Guard Officer Candidate School and a large summer training program for reservists. Today it serves as one of three training centers in the nation, Training at TRACEN Yorktown is extensive. The training is designed to instill a profound understanding of technical, the duration of A School training is typically 10 to 19 weeks depending on the course. Permanently assigned personnel include active duty, reserve, and civilian instructional, curriculum design, students include Coast Guard active duty, reservist, and Auxiliarist. Additionally, TRACEN Yorktown provides training to other US military services and agencies, the Coast Guard is unique in that all other military branches have large bases with many services. The Coast Guard has many stations that do not have those services. However, there are a few bases that the Coast Guard operate with all the services that other branches have on their bases, TRACEN Yorktown is one of those bases. C School students will report to Lafayette or Cain Hall, depending on their paygrade, Training Center Yorktown official website US Coast Guard official website
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Maritime Law Enforcement Academy
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The Maritime Law Enforcement Academy is a United States Coast Guard school located at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Charleston, South Carolina. It was created from the relocation and merger of the former Law Enforcement School at Yorktown, Virginia, and the former Boarding Team Member School at Petaluma, California. Courses offered at the MLEA include, Boarding Officer Course, The purpose of the BOC is to prepare Boarding Officers for the duties associated with enforcing laws. The course consists of twenty three training days over five weeks and is open to U. S. Coast Guard personnel and foreign naval officers. Radiation Detection Level II Operators Course, This is a course that prepares Coast Guard personnel to conduct radiation detection operations on board vessels. Training ranges from criminal law and the use of force to boarding team member certification to the use of radiation detection equipment, much of the training is live, using handguns with laser inserts or firing simulation rounds. The Academy is also home to the Maritime Enforcement Specialist A school
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Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard
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The current Chaplain of the Coast Guard is Captain Gregory N. Todd. The Chaplain of the Coast Guard serves as the Commandants senior advisor on matters pertaining to chaplains, the USCG does not have its own chaplain corps. United States Navy and Public Health Service chaplains from the United States Navy Chaplain Corps are assigned to the USCG to serve in USCG units, the USCG Chaplains Orientation Manual provides guidance for chaplains assigned to these duties. Chaplains come from different faiths and may be ordained or appointed as ministers, priests, imams. United States military chaplains Chiefs of Chaplains of the United States Chaplains Medal for Heroism Armed Forces Chaplains Board
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United States Coast Guard Cutter
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United States Coast Guard Cutter is the term used by the U. S. Coast Guard for its commissioned vessels. They are 65 feet or greater in length and have an assigned crew with accommodations aboard. They carry the ship prefix USCGC, the Revenue Marine and the Revenue Cutter Service, as it was known variously throughout the late 18th and the 19th centuries, referred to its ships as cutters. Since that time, no matter what the type, the service has referred to its vessels with permanently assigned crews as cutters. In 1790, Congress authorized the Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, alternately known as the system of cutters, Revenue Service, and Revenue-Marine this service would officially be named the Revenue Cutter Service in 1863. This service was placed under the control of the Treasury Department
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Ship commissioning
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Ship commissioning is the act or ceremony of placing a ship in active service, and may be regarded as a particular application of the general concepts and practices of project commissioning. The term is most commonly applied to the placing of a warship in active duty with its countrys military forces, the ceremonies involved are often rooted in centuries old naval tradition. Ship naming and launching endow a ship hull with her identity, the engineering plant, weapon and electronic systems, galley, and multitudinous other equipment required to transform the new hull into an operating and habitable warship are installed and tested. The prospective commanding officer, ships officers, the petty officers, prior to commissioning, the new ship undergoes sea trials to identify any deficiencies needing correction. USS Monitor, of American Civil War fame, was commissioned less than three weeks after launch, regardless of the type of ship in question, a vessels journey towards commissioning in its nations navy begins with process known as sea trials. Sea trials begin when the ship in question is floated out of its dry dock, after a ship has successfully cleared its sea trial period, it will officially be accepted into service with its nations navy. At this point, the ship in question will undergo a process of degaussing and/or deperming, once a ships sea trials are successfully completed plans for the actual commissioning ceremony will take shape. If the ships ceremony is an affair the Captain may make a speech to the audience. Religious ceremonies, such as blessing the ship or the singing of hymns or songs. Once a ship has been commissioned its final step toward becoming a unit of the navy it now serves is to report to its home port. To decommission a ship is to terminate its career in service in the forces of a nation. Decommissioning of the vessel may also occur due to treaty agreements or for safety reasons, vessels preserved in this manner typically do not relinquish their names to other, more modern ships that may be in the design, planning, or construction phase of the parent nations navy. Prior to its decommissioning, the ship in question will begin the process of decommissioning by going through a preliminary step called inactivation or deactivation. The removed material from a ship usually ends up either rotating to another ship in the class with similar weapons and/or capabilities, or in storage pending a decision on equipments fate. During this time a crew may be thinned out via transfers. When a ship finishes its inactivation, it is then formally decommissioned, often, but not always, ships that are decommissioned end up spending the next few years in a reserve fleet before their ultimate fate is decided. Commissioning in the early United States Navy under sail was attended by no ceremony, thus, the ship was placed in commission. Commissionings were not public affairs, and unlike christening-and-launching ceremonies, were not recorded by newspapers, the first specific reference to commissioning located in naval records is a letter of November 6,1863, from Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles to all navy yards and stations
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History of the United States Coast Guard
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The history of the United States Coast Guard goes back to the United States Revenue Cutter Service, which was founded on 4 August 1790 as part of the Department of the Treasury. In 1939, the United States Lighthouse Service was merged into the Coast Guard, the Coast Guard itself was moved to the Department of Transportation in 1967, and on 25 February 2003 it became part of the Department of Homeland Security. The Coast Guards predecessor service, the Revenue Cutter Service, was founded 4 August 1790, from 1790, when the Continental Navy was disbanded, to 1798, when the United States Navy was created, the Revenue Cutter Service provided the only armed American presence on the sea. Revenue Marine cutters were involved in the Quasi-War with France from 1798 to 1799, the War of 1812, another predecessor service, the U. S. Lighthouse Service, was organized by statute in 1910. The predecessor to the Lighthouse Service was the United States Lighthouse Board established in 1852, in 1794, the Revenue Cutter Service was given the mission of preventing trading in slaves from Africa to the United States. Between 1794 and 1865, the Service captured approximately 500 slave ships, in 1808, the Service was responsible for enforcing President Thomas Jeffersons embargo closing U. S. ports to European trade. The Coast Guards role in environmental protection dates back more than 185 years to the 1822 Timber Act that tasked the Revenue Cutter Service with protecting government timber from poachers. During the American Civil War, the Revenue Service cutter Harriet Lane fired the first shots of the war at sea at the steamer Nashville during the siege of Fort Sumter, a Confederate Revenue Marine was formed by crewmen who left the Revenue Cutter Service. Upon the order of President Lincoln to the Secretary of the Treasury on 14 June 1863, in the 1880s through the 1890s, the Revenue Cutter Service was instrumental in the development of Alaska. Captain Hell Roaring Michael A. Healy, captain of the USRC Bear, Healy had the reputation as a rough sailing master and was court-martialed several times, but was restored to rank again and again. In the winter of 1897–1898, the reindeer and lieutenants in the Revenue Cutter Service participated in the Overland Relief Expedition to help starving trapped whalers. During the Snake River gold rush of 1900, the Revenue Cutter Service returned destitute miners to Seattle from Alaska. —is such as to preclude the use of a boat. These regulations were repeated in the 1934 Coast Guard regulations, the School of Instruction of the Revenue Cutter Service was established in 1876, near New Bedford, Massachusetts. It used the USRC Dobbin for its training exercises and it moved to Curtis Bay, Maryland in 1900 and then again in 1910 to Fort Trumbull, near New London, Connecticut. The school provided a two-year premise to ship supplemented by some class work, in 1903, the third year of instruction was added. The school was oriented to line officers, as engineers were hired directly from civilian life, in 1906, an engineering program for cadets began. Nevertheless, the school remained small, with 5 to 10 cadets per class, in 1914 the School became the Revenue Cutter Academy and with the merger of the Revenue Cutter Service and the Life Saving Service in 1915, it became the United States Coast Guard Academy. In February 1929, Congress appropriated $1,750,000 for construction of buildings to be used for the academy, the city of New London purchased the land on the Thames River and donated it to the government for use as a Coast Guard facility
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