1.
Queenie Smith
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Queenie Smith was an American stage, television, and film actress. Smith was born in New York City, New York and she got an early start, being trained in ballet and dance and spent her teen years performing as a dancer with the Metropolitan Opera Company in operas such as Aida, La Traviata, and Faust. By the 1920s she was a star on Broadway in shows such as Helen of Troy, New York, Sitting Pretty, and The Street Singer and she starred on Broadway in George and Ira Gershwins musical Tip-Toes. She costarred in the 1936 Universal Pictures film version of Jerome Kerns Show Boat, Smith replaced stage actress Eva Puck who had starred as Chipley in the 1927 premiere and 1932 revival of Show Boat. In 1947 she appeared in the film The Long Night and then played other roles on film. She was seen as Jimmy Durantes wife in The Great Rupert, queenie Smith was a teacher and mentor to many a young actor. She taught at the Hollywood Professional School and was the Director for the program at Melodyland Theater, Anaheim, California. She worked right up until the year of her death, her last role being Elsie in the Chevy Chase/Goldie Hawn film Foul Play and she died of cancer a month before her 80th birthday. Mississippi Special Agent K-7 From This Day Forward The Killers as Mary Ellen Daugherty
2.
The Funny Side
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The Funny Side is an American sketch comedy program that aired on NBC as part of its 1971 fall lineup. The Funny Side was hosted by Gene Kelly and starred five pairs of actors, each week was an examination of the funny side of a potential issue in real-life marriages, such as health, money, sex and the like. Kelly also appeared as an actor in the sketches, and there was also a musical aspect with production numbers. Brooks, Tim and Marsh, Earle, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows The Funny Side at the Internet Movie Database The Funny Side at TV. com
3.
Pittsburgh
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Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. The city proper has a population of 304,391. The metropolitan population of 2,353,045 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania, and the 26th-largest in the U. S. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclines, a fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum, glass, shipbuilding, petroleum, foods, sports, transportation, computing, autos, and electronics. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment, Americas 1980s deindustrialization laid off area blue-collar workers and thousands of downtown white-collar workers when the longtime Pittsburgh-based world headquarters moved out. The area has served also as the federal agency headquarters for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research. The area is home to 68 colleges and universities, including research and development leaders Carnegie Mellon University, the region is a hub for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, sustainable energy, and energy extraction. Pittsburgh was named in 1758 by General John Forbes, in honor of British statesman William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham. The current pronunciation, which is unusual in English speaking countries, is almost certainly a result of a printing error in some copies of the City Charter of March 18,1816. The error was repeated commonly enough throughout the rest of the 19th century that the pronunciation was lost. After a public campaign the original spelling was restored by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1911. The area of the Ohio headwaters was long inhabited by the Shawnee, the first known European to enter the region was the French explorer/trader Robert de La Salle from Quebec during his 1669 expedition down the Ohio River. European pioneers, primarily Dutch, followed in the early 18th century, Michael Bezallion was the first to describe the forks of the Ohio in a 1717 manuscript, and later that year European fur traders established area posts and settlements. In 1749, French soldiers from Quebec launched an expedition to the forks to unite Canada with French Louisiana via the rivers, during 1753–54, the British hastily built Fort Prince George before a larger French force drove them off. The French built Fort Duquesne based on LaSalles 1669 claims, the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years War, began with the future Pittsburgh as its center. British General Edward Braddock was dispatched with Major George Washington as his aide to take Fort Duquesne, the British and colonial force were defeated at Braddocks Field. General John Forbes finally took the forks in 1758, Forbes began construction on Fort Pitt, named after William Pitt the Elder while the settlement was named Pittsborough
4.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
5.
Glendale, California
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Glendale /ˈɡlɛndeɪl/ is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Its estimated 2014 population was 200,167, making it the third largest city in Los Angeles County and it is located about 8 miles north of downtown Los Angeles. Glendale lies on the end of the San Fernando Valley, bisected by the Verdugo Mountains. The Golden State, Ventura, Glendale, and Foothill freeways run through the city, Glendale has one of the largest communities of Armenian descent in the United States. In 2013, Glendale was named LAs Neighborhood of the Year by the readers and editors of Curbed. com, Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery contains the remains of many noted celebrities and local residents. Grand Central Airport was the point for the first commercial west-to-east transcontinental flight flown by Charles Lindbergh. The area was inhabited by the Tongva people, who were later renamed the Gabrieleños by the Spanish missionaries. Rancho San Rafael was a Spanish concession, of which 25 were made in California, unlike the later Mexican land grants, the concessions were similar to grazing permits, with the title remaining with the Spanish crown. In 1860, his grandson Teodoro Verdugo built the Verdugo Adobe, the property is the location of the Oak of Peace, where early Californio leaders including Pio Pico met in 1847 and decided to surrender to Lieutenant Colonel John C. Verdugos descendants sold the ranch in various parcels, some of which are included in present-day Atwater Village, Eagle Rock, in 1884, residents gathered to form a townsite and chose the name Glendale. Residents to the southwest formed Tropico in 1887, the Pacific Electric Railway brought streetcar service in 1904. Glendale incorporated in 1906, and annexed Tropico 12 years later, Brand loved to fly, and built a private airstrip in 1919 and hosted fly-in parties, providing a direct link to the soon-to-be-built nearby Grand Central Airport. The grounds of El Miradero are now city-owned Brand Park and the mansion is the Brand Library, Brand partnered with Henry E. Huntington to bring the Pacific Electric Railway, or the Red Cars, to the area. Today, he is memorialized by one of the main thoroughfares. The citys population rose from 13,756 in 1920 to 62,736 in 1930, the Forest Lawn Cemetery opened in 1906 and was renamed Forest Lawn Memorial-Park in 1917. Pioneering endocrinologist and entrepreneur Henry R. Harrower opened his clinic in Glendale in 1920, the American Green Cross, an early conservation and tree preservation society, was formed in 1926. In 1964, Glendale was selected by George Lincoln Rockwell to be the West Coast headquarters of the American Nazi Party and its offices, on Colorado Street in the downtown section of the city, remained open until the early 1980s. In 1977 and 1978,10 murdered women were found in, the murders were the work of Kenneth Bianchi and Angelo Buono, the latter of whom resided at 703 East Colorado Street, where most of the murders took place
6.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
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Forest Lawn Memorial Park — Hollywood Hills is one of the six Forest Lawn Southern California cemeteries. It is located at 6300 Forest Lawn Dr, Los Angeles, CA90068, in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Forest Lawn — Hollywood Hills is a dedicated to the preservation of American history and hosts high-profile events such as an annual Veterans Day ceremony attended by dignitaries. The park features such sights as, The Court of Liberty features statues of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, at 162 feet long and 28 feet high, Birth of Liberty is the largest historical mosaic in the United States. It is composed of ten pieces of Venetian glass and depicts twenty-five scenes from early America. The Old North Church, a replica of Bostons historic church. The historical rooms have documents and mementos of the colonial period, the Hall of Liberty American History Museum has a copy of the Liberty Bell and other exhibits. The museum has a 1, 200-seat auditorium, monument to Washington, a marble and bronze tribute to Americas first president, created by sculptor Thomas Ball. Four of Washingtons generals are honored in the memorial, the Lincoln Terrace features a 16-foot bronze statue of the 16th president by Augustus St. Gaudens, flanked by a panoramic mosaic depicting key scenes from Lincolns life. The Plaza of Mesoamerican Heritage has indigenous/non-Christian sculptures by Meliton Salas Rodriguez, of Guadalajara, the first Forest Lawn, in Glendale, was founded in 1906 by businessmen who hired Dr. Hubert Eaton, a firm believer in a joyous life after death. Before it was a cemetery, Forest Lawn was a location used by directors such as Carl Laemmle. The climactic battle scenes for D. W. Griffiths The Birth of a Nation were filmed there. The alternate names of the site are Providencia Flats, Nestor Ranch, Oak Ranch, Oak Crest Ranch, Universal Ranch/Universal City, Lasky Ranch. When Eaton made known his desire to open a second Forest Lawn location in the Hollywood Hills, the local residents protested vehemently. To circumvent the protesters, Mr. Eaton sent his staff to the county morgue to claim 6 John Does, in the morning, the protesters had no power because, by law, the property was now a cemetery. A mausoleum, for crypt or vault interments, a crematory and columbarium, for cinerary interments. A place where six or more bodies are buried. The new mortuary and cemetery opened in 1952, interred or entombed in the Hollywood Hills cemetery are many famous people, particularly from the entertainment industry
7.
Widener University
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Widener University is a private, coeducational university located in Chester, Pennsylvania. Its main campus sits on 108 acres, just 14 miles southwest of Philadelphia, the university has three other campuses, two in Pennsylvania and one in Wilmington, Delaware. Founded as The Bullock School for Boys in 1821, the school was established in Wilmington and it became the The Alsop School for Boys from 1846–1853, and then Hyatts Select School for Boys from 1853-1859. Military instruction was introduced in 1858 and in 1859 the school changed its name to Delaware Military Academy and it moved to Pennsylvania in 1862 and became Pennsylvania Military Academy. It was known as Pennsylvania Military College after 1892 and adopted the Widener name in 1972, about 3,300 undergraduates and 3,300 graduate students attend Widener in eight degree-granting schools. The university offers associates, baccalaureate, master’s, and doctoral degrees in areas ranging from liberal arts to professional programs. The Carnegie Foundation classifies Widener as a Doctoral/Research University and a Community Engagement Institution, Widener was ranked #181 in the National Universities category by US News & World Report for 2012. It was known from 1892 to 1972 as Pennsylvania Military College, though it had officially become PMC Colleges in 1966 when a nonmilitary, Graduate programs were also introduced in 1966. In 1972 the name Widener College was adopted after the prominent Widener family of Philadelphia, the School of Law was acquired in 1975, which was split in 2015 to become two separate law schools one on the universitys Delaware campus and another in Harrisburg. In recognition of its offerings, Widener College became Widener University in 1979. Today, Widener is a university offering more than 80 programs of study. The Old Main and Chemistry Building were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, throughout its long history, the university has undergone several name changes. The following table details the various names Widener has held over the years as well as any significant organizational changes that occurred during each period. Widener consists of four campuses, the Main Campus in Chester, Pennsylvania, plus campuses in Wilmington, Delaware, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Wideners graduate programs include business, education, engineering, nursing, social work, physical therapy, and clinical psychology. The School of Law, opening in 1976 on the Delaware Campus and it contains the School of Law as well as the Legal Education Institute. Some classes for Continuing Studies students and graduate students are also held here. The 21-acre Harrisburg Campus, opening in 1989, contains the School of Law and has programs in nursing. Starting in 2004, the Exton Campus was added to Wideners growing institution and it is located in a business park 25 miles from the Main Campus
8.
Character actor
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A character actor or character actress is a supporting actor who plays unusual, interesting, or eccentric characters. The term, often contrasted with that of leading actor, is somewhat abstract, in a literal sense, all actors can be considered character actors since they all play characters, but in the usual sense it is an actor who plays a distinctive and important supporting role. In either case, character actor roles are more substantial than bit parts or non-speaking extras, the term is used primarily to describe television and film actors, and is less used to describe theater actors. An early use of the term was in the 1883 edition of The Stage, Actors with a long career history of playing character roles may be difficult for audiences to recognize as being the same actor, if they play such roles convincingly and memorably. Unlike leading actors, they are seen as less glamorous. Generally, the names of actors are not featured prominently in movie and television advertising on the marquee. Some character actors have distinctive voices or accents, or they develop memorable mannerisms, a character actor with a long career may not have a well-known name, yet may be instantly recognizable. During the course of a career, an actor can sometimes shift between leading roles and secondary roles. Some leading actors, as they get older, find that access to leading roles is limited by their increasing age, in the past, actors of color, who were often barred from roles for which they were otherwise suited, found work performing ethnic stereotypes. Sometimes character actors have developed based on specific talents needed in genre films, such as dancing, horsemanship, acrobatics, swimming ability. Some character actors develop a following with a particular audience. Ed Lauter usually portrayed a menacing figure because of his long, angular face which was recognized in public. Character actors can play a variety of types, such as the femme fatale, gunslinger, sidekick, town drunk, villain, whore with a heart of gold, Character actors subsume themselves into the characters they portray, such that their off-screen acting persona is practically unrecognizable. According to one view, great actors are rarely out of work. They are also highly regarded by fellow actors. Stock character Commedia dellarte Quinlan, David, quinlans Illustrated Directory of Film Character Actors. Character Kings, Hollywoods Familiar Faces Discuss the Art & Business of Acting
9.
William Wyler
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William Wyler, born as Willy Wyler was an American film director, producer and screenwriter of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. Wyler received his first Oscar nomination for directing Dodsworth in 1936, starring Walter Huston, Ruth Chatterton and Mary Astor, Film historian Ian Freer calls Wyler a bona fide perfectionist, whose penchant for retakes and an attempt to hone every last nuance, became the stuff of legend. Through his talent for staging, editing, and camera movement and he helped propel a number of actors to stardom, finding and directing Audrey Hepburn in her Hollywood debut film, Roman Holiday, and directing Barbra Streisand in her debut film, Funny Girl. He directed Olivia de Havilland to her second Oscar in The Heiress and Laurence Olivier in Wuthering Heights, Olivier credited Wyler with teaching him how to act for the screen. And Bette Davis, who received three Oscar nominations under his direction and won her second Oscar in Jezebel, said Wyler made her a far, far better actress than she had ever been. Other popular Wyler films include, Hells Heroes, Dodsworth, The Westerner, The Letter, Friendly Persuasion, The Big Country, The Childrens Hour, Wyler was born to a Jewish family in Mulhouse, Alsace. His Swiss father, Leopold, started as a traveling salesman which he turned into a thriving haberdashery business in Mulhouse. His mother, Melanie, was German, and a cousin of Carl Laemmle, during Wylers childhood, he attended a number of schools and developed a reputation as something of a hellraiser, being expelled more than once for misbehavior. His mother often took him and his older brother Robert to concerts, opera, sometimes at home his family and their friends would stage amateur theatricals for personal enjoyment. Wyler was supposed to take over the family business in Mulhouse. After World War I, he spent a year working in Paris at 100.000 Chemises selling shirts. He was so poor that he spent his time wandering around the Pigalle district. After realizing that Willy was not interested in the business, his mother, Melanie, contacted her distant cousin, Carl Laemmle who owned Universal Studios. Laemmle was in the habit of coming to Europe each year, in 1921, Wyler, while traveling as a Swiss citizen, met Laemmle who hired him to work at Universal Studios in New York. As Wyler said, America seemed as far away as the moon, booked onto a ship to New York with Laemmle upon his return voyage, he met a young Czech man, Paul Kohner, aboard the same ship. Their enjoyment of the first class trip was short-lived, however, after working in New York for several years, and even serving in the New York Army National Guard for a year, Wyler moved to Hollywood to become a director. Around 1923, Wyler arrived in Los Angeles and began work on the Universal Studios lot in the gang, cleaning the stages. His break came when he was hired as an assistant editor
10.
Detective Story (1951 film)
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Detective Story is a 1951 film noir which tells the story of one day in the lives of the various people who populate a police detective squad. It features Kirk Douglas, Eleanor Parker, William Bendix, Cathy ODonnell, both Lee Grant and Joseph Wiseman perform in their film debuts. The movie was adapted by Robert Wyler and Philip Yordan from the 1949 play of the name by Sidney Kingsley. Nominated for four Academy Awards, it was directed by William Wyler, an angry New York detective is one of a precinct of cops in grim daily battle with the citys lowlife. Little does he realize that his pursuit of an abortionist is leading him to a discovery closer to home. The characters who pass through the precinct over the course of the day include a young petty embezzler, a pair of burglars, a shoplifter is arrested in New York City, and her booking occurs at the 21st police precinct. Jim McLeod is sharing a moment with his wife Mary. McLeod returns to the precinct to process a young embezzler named Arthur Kindred, McLeod then encounters Endicott Sims, lawyer of Dutchman Karl Schneider, a New Jersey doctor who has had his license revoked and is now wanted on murder charges. McLeod professes his hatred of Schneider, and in fact all criminals, two burglars, Charley Gennini and Lewis Abbott, are brought in next. With the help of his partner Lou Brody, McLeod interrogates the men, further investigation proves that Gennini essentially makes a living out of thievery. When his record comes in, it out that he has done far worse than stealing. When Schneider arrives with Sims, McLeod taunts him, then explains that the assistant, Miss Hatch, has implicated Schneider. To McLeods disgust, Schneider has bribed Hatch with a fur stole, McLeod explodes and calls Hatch a liar before dismissing her. He admits to reporter Joe Feinson that his hatred for his father, McLeod starts to take Schneider to Bellevue Hospital where a young victim of Schneiders work is being treated. However, on the way he is told that she has died and without her identification, as they head back to the precinct, Schneider threatens McLeod with information he claims to have on the detective, taunting him that he has a lot of pull in high places. McLeod responds by slapping and punching Schneider, who collapses, as an ambulance is called, Schneider mentions the name Giacoppetti and a woman to Lt. Monaghan, which presumably has something to do with McLeod. When Sims comes by to protest his clients treatment, he inadvertently reveals—only in the presence of Monaghan—that the woman is Mary McLeod, arthurs boss, Albert R. Pritchett, comes to the precinct to file charges against Arthur. A family friend, Susan, arrives and gives Pritchett $120 she scraped together, McLeod tries to dissuade Susan, but she pleads with Pritchett, swearing that the funds will be repaid the next day
11.
Stockbroker
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Stockbrokers are known by numerous professional designations, depending on the license they hold, the type of securities they sell, or the services they provide. In the United States, a stockbroker must pass both the Series 7 and either the Series 63 or the Series 66 exams in order to be properly licensed. The first stockbroking began in Rome, where the first recorded buying and selling of shares occurred in the 2nd century BCE, after Rome fell, stockbroking did not become a realistic career until after the Renaissance, when government bonds traded in Italian city-states such as Genoa or Venice. New stock exchanges opened their doors in the 16th and 17th centuries, including the London Stock Exchange, in the 1800s, in the United States, the New York Stock Exchange opened its doors under a buttonwood tree in New York City. 24 stockbrokers signed the Buttonwood Agreement, agreeing to trade five securities under that buttonwood tree, in Canada, a stockbroker is called a Registered Representative or an Investment Advisor. To become a one has to work for a licensed firm. Passing a fourth exam results in obtaining a specialist license, all tests can be taken with the HKSI. However, passing all tests doesnt result in obtaining the license. It still needs to be approved by the regulatory body. Stockbrokers typically earn a degree in finance or business administration. A finance degree prepares students to work as stockbrokers by focusing their studies on financial laws and regulations, accounting methods, students study the principles of economics and currency, financial planning and financial forecasting. On-the-job training programs are available to aspiring stockbrokers, which allow them to gain practical experience. In Singapore, becoming a trading representative requires passing 4 exams, Modules 1A,5,6 and 6A, from the Institute of Banking and Finance and applying for the license through MAS and SGX. Stockbroking is a profession in the UK and brokers must achieve a recognised qualification from the Financial Conduct Authority s Appropriate Qualifications list. A number of qualifications are available and the one a trainee does will depend on their duties and it evolved from the London Stock Exchange, has around 40,000 members in over 100 countries and delivers more than 37,000 exams each year. It represents the interests of around 11,000 investment professionals and is part of the network of members of the CFA Institute. While the term stockbroker is still in use, more terms are broker, financial advisor. Other FINRA licenses or series exams exist, selling variable products typically requires the broker to also have one or another state insurance department licenses
12.
Civil engineering
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Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. It is the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering, Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies. Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence, during this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing. The construction of pyramids in Egypt were some of the first instances of large structure constructions, the Romans developed civil structures throughout their empire, including especially aqueducts, insulae, harbors, bridges, dams and roads. In the 18th century, the civil engineering was coined to incorporate all things civilian as opposed to military engineering. The first self-proclaimed civil engineer was John Smeaton, who constructed the Eddystone Lighthouse, in 1771 Smeaton and some of his colleagues formed the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of leaders of the profession who met informally over dinner. Though there was evidence of some meetings, it was little more than a social society. In 1818 the Institution of Civil Engineers was founded in London, the institution received a Royal Charter in 1828, formally recognising civil engineering as a profession. The first private college to teach engineering in the United States was Norwich University. The first degree in engineering in the United States was awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1835. The first such degree to be awarded to a woman was granted by Cornell University to Nora Stanton Blatch in 1905, throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stonemasons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Knowledge was retained in guilds and seldom supplanted by advances, structures, roads and infrastructure that existed were repetitive, and increases in scale were incremental. Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician, used arithmetic in the 7th century AD, based on Hindu-Arabic numerals, Civil engineers typically possess an academic degree in civil engineering. The length of study is three to five years, and the degree is designated as a bachelor of engineering. The curriculum generally includes classes in physics, mathematics, project management, design, after taking basic courses in most sub-disciplines of civil engineering, they move onto specialize in one or more sub-disciplines at advanced levels. In most countries, a degree in engineering represents the first step towards professional certification. After completing a degree program, the engineer must satisfy a range of requirements before being certified. Once certified, the engineer is designated as a engineer, a chartered engineer
13.
Oakland Motor Car Company
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The Oakland Motor Car Company of Pontiac, Michigan, was an American automobile manufacturer and division of the General Motors Corporation. Purchased by General Motors in 1909, the continued to produce modestly priced automobiles until 1931 when it was renamed Pontiac. As originally conceived and introduced, the first Oakland used a vertical two-cylinder engine that rotated counterclockwise and this design by Alanson Partridge Brush, inventor of the single-cylinder Cadillac and Brush Runabout, also featured a planetary transmission. Five models were created, designated Model A–E with each subsequent letter increasing in total vehicle size,1908, the first year of Oakland production, saw 278 vehicles roll off the line. After one year of production, Oaklands principal founder, Edward Murphy, durants General Motors Corporation in early 1909. When Murphy died in the summer of 1909, GM acquired the rights to Oakland. Within General Motors, Oakland was slotted above price leader Chevrolet and below the more premium Oldsmobile, Buick, conventional 4-cylinder engined models were introduced shortly after the GM takeover. In 1916, the company introduced a V8 engine, and production soared to 35,000 in 1917, by early 1920, however, production and quality control problems began to plague the division. In 1921, under new General Manager Fred Hannum, a consistent production schedule was underway and the quality of the cars improved, one marketing tactic was the employment of a quick-drying bright blue automotive lacquer by Duco, leading to the slogan True Blue Oakland. The Oakland vehicle was only in Pontiac, Michigan, which is the county seat of Oakland County. The name predates any GM association with a manufacturing facility in Oakland, California. By the mid-1920s, a price gap existed between Chevrolet and Oakland, as well as a wide gap between Oldsmobile and Buick. There was also a gap between Buick and Cadillac. General Motors pioneered the idea that consumers would aspire to buy up an automotive product ladder if a company met certain price points-called the Companion Make Program, to address this, General Motors authorized the introduction of four brands priced and designed to fill the gaps. Cadillac would introduce the LaSalle to fill the gap between Cadillac and Buick, Buick would introduce the Marquette to handle the upper end of the gap between Buick and Oldsmobile. Oldsmobile would introduce the Viking, which took care of the end of the same gap. Oaklands part in plan was the 1926 Pontiac, a shorter wheelbase light six priced to sell at a 4 cylinder cars price point. Pontiac was the first of the companion marques introduced, and in its first year sold 49,875 units, by 1929, GM sold 163,000 more Pontiacs than Oaklands
14.
Franklin (automobile)
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The Franklin Automobile Company was an American manufacturer of automobiles in the United States between 1902 and 1934 in Syracuse, New York. Herbert H. Franklin founded the H. H. Franklin Manufacturing Company in 1893 and, in 1901, in 1902, the Franklin automobile was introduced. Because he was the investor, Franklin assumed control of the company. As president, he managed the finances and business administration. Wilkinson was named chief engineer and granted control of the engineering and manufacturing operation, throughout its history, Franklin was a luxury brand and competed with other upscale automobiles of the day. As such, it fell victim to the Great Depression along with many car manufacturers. The company sold about 150,000 cars over the course of more than 30 years in existence, the Franklin motor car was invented by the engineer John Wilkinson and manufactured by the industrialist Herbert H. Franklin and marketed under his name. Franklin worked as a publisher, real estate agent and Columbia Bicycle shop owner in Coxsackie. After he quit the business in 1893, he relocated to Syracuse. Franklin was presented with an opportunity to buy a patent for the process of die-casting, later, he accurately predicted that we are developing a process that will revolutionize the metal manufacturing business. The company was incorporated on December 12,1895, the die-casting business was split into a subsidiary called Franklin Die-Casting Corp. In 1926 H. H. Franklin Manufacturing Company reabsorbed the die-casting subsidiary and, consequently, John Wilkinson was born on February 11,1868. He was a native of Syracuse and a member of one of the prominent families. His grandfather, John Wilkinson, Sr. was one of the settlers in Syracuse. As a young man, Wilkinson Sr. took inspiration from a poem about an ancient city and he was also an early city planner and laid out and named the village streets. He earned a degree in engineering in 1889 and found a job with a local manufacturer of bicycles — then a mode of transportation very much in vogue. He went on to become a champion cyclist while developing a keen interest in the inner-workings of internal combustion engines, before he met Herbert Franklin, Wilkinson designed and built two prototype vehicles. In the summer of 1898 he tinkered with a one-cylinder air-cooled gasoline engine and by January 1,1900, though Wilkinsons designs caught the attention of a group of New York businessmen, they failed to put Wilkinsons car into production
15.
Mercury (automobile)
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Mercury is a defunct division of the American automobile manufacturer Ford Motor Company. Marketed as a premium brand for nearly its entire existence. Forming half of the Lincoln-Mercury Division, the brand was intended to bridge the gap between the Ford and Lincoln vehicle lines. In a similar context, Buick and Oldsmobile played the role within General Motors while the Chrysler Division did so within Chrysler Corporation. Although the initial Mercury Eight was a design, for much of the existence of the division. To various extents, nearly all Mercury vehicles would be rebadged, during the development of the Edsel, this practice ran in reverse, as the vehicles were derived from Mercury chassis underpinnings. In the summer of 2010, Ford Motor Company announced the discontinuation of the Mercury division as it consolidated its marketing and engineering efforts on the Ford, production of Mercury vehicles ceased in the fourth quarter of 2010. At the time, Ford sold Mercury vehicles in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, U. S. Virgin Islands, the final Mercury automobile, a 2011 Mercury Grand Marquis, rolled off the assembly line on January 4,2011. Although the final vehicle of the division was produced in 2011, Mercury remains an active, while General Motors and upstart Chrysler Corporation both had a comprehensive line of brands, by 1935, Ford sold only its namesake brand and the cars of Lincoln Motor Company. Aside from the Cadillac V-16, the Packard Eight and Duesenberg Model J, as a solution, from 1936 to 1939, Ford began its own version of the Companion Make Program introduced by General Motors in the previous decade. Inside Ford, there was whether a medium-priced car should be a Ford model or a new marque entirely. Started as a company in 1937 by Edsel Ford, the Mercury name was selected from over 100 potential model. The Chevrolet Mercury was produced in 1933, becoming the Chevrolet Standard from 1934-1936, the body designs of the new car were completed by E. T. Bob Gregorie. For the 1939 model year, the Mercury made its debut with a vehicle line. An all-new car, sharing no body panels with any Ford or Lincoln, to minimize production costs, a 239 cubic-inch version of the Ford Flathead V8 engine was used in place of developing an engine specifically for the division. Over 65,800 cars were sold for 1939, at a price of $916. For the 1941 model year, the Mercury officially adopted the Mercury Eight nameplate used in sales literature, to lower production costs of the popular vehicle, the Mercury Eight shared much of its bodyshell with the Ford V8, but it sat on a four-inch longer wheelbase. During the war-shortened 1942 model year, the Mercury Eight introduced the first semi-automatic transmission by Ford Motor Company, following World War II, Ford Motor Company dropped the De Luxe Ford sub-brand and Lincoln-Zephyr was absorbed into Lincoln
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Lincoln Motor Company
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The Lincoln Motor Company is a division of the U. S. -based Ford Motor Company that sells luxury vehicles under the Lincoln brand. Founded in 1917 by Henry M. Leland, Lincoln has been a subsidiary of Ford since 1922, while currently sold primarily in North America, Ford introduced the Lincoln brand to China in 2014. Lincoln vehicles are also sold in the Middle East and South Korea. The current Lincoln model range in North America consists of two sedans, three crossover utility vehicles, and a utility vehicle. Lincoln also sells two vehicles specifically for use, both based on the MKT. The Lincoln Motor Company was founded in August 1917 by Henry Leland, an engineer, Henry Leland named his new automobile company after Abraham Lincoln, the first presidential candidate for whom he had cast a vote. Following the end of the war, the Lincoln factory was retooled entirely for automobile production, during the early 1920s, Lincoln suffered severe financial issues, balancing the loss of revenue of Liberty engine production with the obsolete design of the expensive Model L. For Henry Ford, the purchase of Lincoln was a personal triumph, the company, renamed Cadillac in 1902 was purchased by General Motors in 1909, serving as the chief competitor to Lincoln. While Henry Ford had previously introduced Ford-branded luxury vehicles, the company found little acceptance, with the acquisition of Lincoln, the nameplate became a top-selling rival alongside Pierce-Arrow, Marmon, Peerless, Duesenberg, and Packard. Although the chassis itself saw few changes, the body saw significant updates. At the direction of Henrys son Edsel, in 1923 several body styles were introduced, that included two- and three-window, four-door sedans and they also offered a two-passenger roadster and a seven-passenger touring sedan and limousine, which was sold for $5,200. A sedan, limo, cabriolet, and town car were offered by coachbuilders Fleetwood, Derham and Dietrich. Murphy, Rollston, and Waterhouse were added in the 1930s, in 1924 large touring sedans began to be used by police departments around the country. They were known as Police Flyers, which were equipped with four-wheel brakes, Police whistles were coupled to the exhaust system and gun racks were also fitted to these vehicles. Optional equipment was not necessarily an issue with Lincolns sold during the 1920s, however, a nickel-plated radiator shell could be installed for $25, varnished natural wood wheels were $15, or Rudge-Whitworth center-lock wire wheels for another $100. Disteel steel disc wheels were available for $60. Lincoln chose not to make yearly model changes, used as a tool of the time. Lincoln customers of the time were known to more than one Lincoln with different bodywork
17.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
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Better Business Bureau
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The BBB serves as an intermediary between consumers and businesses, handling over 885,000 consumer disputes against businesses in 2013, of which close to 78% were settled. Nearly 400,000 local businesses in North America support the BBB, the BBB prospects successfully vetted businesses to become dues-paying Accredited Businesses that pledge and continue to adhere to the BBB Code of Business Practices. In return, the BBB allows Accredited Businesses in good standing to use its logo in marketing materials. The Better Business Bureau is not affiliated with any governmental agency, Businesses that affiliate with the BBB and adhere to its standards do so through industry self-regulation. To avoid bias, the BBBs policy is to refrain from recommending or endorsing any specific business, the organization has been the subject of controversy, particularly related to its alleged practice of giving higher ratings to businesses that pay a membership fee. The BBB disputes the claim that payment from businesses is required for them to receive an A rating, the 112 BBBs are independently governed by their own boards of directors and must meet international BBB standards, which are monitored by the CBBB. The CBBB is governed by leaders of local BBBs, as well as by senior executives from major corporations, each BBB is run separately and is chiefly funded by its Accredited Businesses, who often serve on its board. A study by a school dean at Marquette University found that ninety percent of BBB board members are from business. Businesses that move from one BBB jurisdiction to another may need to apply for BBB Accreditation in the new BBB location unless they have a system-wide accreditation, CBBB receives membership dues from BBBs, which amounted to $4,884,226.00 in 2009. The organizations dispute resolution procedures are established by the Council of the Better Business Bureaus, usually, disputes can be resolved through mediation, when appropriate, low- or no‑cost arbitration may also be offered and provided through the BBB. The BBB acts as a party when providing dispute resolution services. Complaints about the practice of professions like medicine and law are not handled by the BBB and are referred to associations regulating those professions. The BBB does not handle complaints that have gone to court or are in the process of going to court as the complaint is already being handled by an alternative entity. If a BBB receives a consumer dispute, the BBB contacts the business in question, a business does not need to be a member of the BBB to use its mediation services. BBB Accreditation, or membership, is optional for a business to accept. Past complaints allege that the BBB compiles scores based upon their ability to collect their money from businesses, the National Advertising Division of the Council of Better Business Bureaus in the United States and Canada reviews factual claims made in national advertisements. They offer alternative dispute resolution services for advertisers, typically reaching a conclusion within 90 days of a filing, until 2008, the BBB rated companies satisfactory or unsatisfactory. On January 1,2009, the BBB moved to a new system based on a school-style A+– F rating system, the 16 factors have been posted on each business review since the programs inception and the details on the points awarded as well
19.
KDKA (AM)
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KDKA is a Class A radio station, owned and operated by CBS Radio and licensed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Its studios are located at the combined CBS Radio Pittsburgh facility in the Foster Plaza on Holiday Drive in Green Tree, the stations programming is also carried over KDKA-FMs 93.7 HD2 digital subchannel. Its nighttime signal covers much of eastern North America, during the war, Westinghouse received government contracts to develop radio transmitters and receivers for military use. They used recently developed vacuum tube equipment that was capable of audio communication, previous spark gap transmitters could only be used to transmit the dots-and-dashes of Morse code. At the time of the entry of the United States into World War I in April 1917, with the end of the war, the government contracts were canceled. However, Westinghouse moved aggressively to establish itself as a national and international provider of radio communication, the effort to establish Westinghouses radio industry presence was led by company vice president H. P. Davis. However, because of the competitive advantage RCA had in international and marine communications, in September 1920, a newspaper report noted that a new high-power station, to operate under a special or commercial license, is being installed at the Westinghouse plant in East Pittsburgh. This Limited Commercial grant was consistent with the practice being followed at this time. At this time, radio stations in the United States were regulated by the Department of Commerces Bureau of Navigation, beginning with the introduction of licensing in late 1912, the standard practice had been to assign call letters starting with W to radio stations in the eastern United States. Although the original policy was restored a few later, KDKA was permitted to keep its non-standard call sign. Prior to World War I, Frank Conrad had operated an experimental radiotelegraph station, following the war, the U. S. government again allowed the operation of civilian radio stations, and Conrad revived 8XK, which was located in a detached two-story garage at his residence. He used the knowledge gained during the period to upgrade his station to begin making audio transmissions. On October 17,1919 Conrad made the first of what would become a series of entertainment broadcasts. H. P. Davis held a meeting with his radio cabinet. On August 31,1920, the Detroit News, whose Detroit News Radiophone began making daily broadcasts on August 20, had broadcast local primary election results. Westinghouses preparations included the construction of a shack and antenna system on the roof of the nine story K Building at the East Pittsburgh Works in Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania. Frank Conrad had originally planned to broadcast the results over 8XK, in cooperation with the American Radio Relay League. He and Donald G. Little had primary responsibility for constructing a 100 watt vacuum-tube transmitter, a telephoned temporary authorization was received to operate under the call sign of 8ZZ
20.
Gilbert and Sullivan
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Gilbert and Sullivan refers to the Victorian-era theatrical partnership of the librettist W. S. Gilbert and the composer Arthur Sullivan and to the works they jointly created. The two men collaborated on fourteen comic operas between 1871 and 1896, of which H. M. S, Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado are among the best known. Sullivan, six years Gilberts junior, composed the music, contributing memorable melodies that could convey both humour and pathos and their operas have enjoyed broad and enduring international success and are still performed frequently throughout the English-speaking world. Gilbert and Sullivan introduced innovations in content and form that influenced the development of musical theatre through the 20th century. The operas have influenced political discourse, literature, film. Producer Richard DOyly Carte brought Gilbert and Sullivan together and nurtured their collaboration and he built the Savoy Theatre in 1881 to present their joint works and founded the DOyly Carte Opera Company, which performed and promoted Gilbert and Sullivans works for over a century. Gilbert was born in London on 18 November 1836 and his father, William, was a naval surgeon who later wrote novels and short stories, some of which included illustrations by his son. Director and playwright Mike Leigh described the Gilbertian style as follows, With great fluidity and freedom, First, within the framework of the story, he makes bizarre things happen, and turns the world on its head. Thus the Learned Judge marries the Plaintiff, the soldiers metamorphose into aesthetes, and so on and his genius is to fuse opposites with an imperceptible sleight of hand, to blend the surreal with the real, and the caricature with the natural. In other words, to tell a perfectly outrageous story in a deadpan way. Gilbert developed his theories on the art of stage direction. At the time Gilbert began writing, theatre in Britain was in disrepute, Gilbert helped to reform and elevate the respectability of the theatre, especially beginning with his six short family-friendly comic operas, or entertainments, for Thomas German Reed. At a rehearsal for one of these entertainments, Ages Ago, the composer Frederic Clay introduced Gilbert to his friend, two years later, Gilbert and Sullivan would write their first work together. Those two intervening years continued to shape Gilberts theatrical style, Sullivan was born in London on 13 May 1842. His father was a bandmaster, and by the time Arthur had reached the age of eight. In school he began to compose anthems and songs, in 1856, he received the first Mendelssohn Scholarship and studied at the Royal Academy of Music and then at Leipzig, where he also took up conducting. His graduation piece, completed in 1861, was a suite of music to Shakespeares The Tempest. Revised and expanded, it was performed at the Crystal Palace in 1862 and was an immediate sensation and he began building a reputation as Englands most promising young composer, composing a symphony, a concerto, and several overtures, among them the Overture di Ballo, in 1870
21.
Pittsburgh Opera
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Pittsburgh Opera is an American opera company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh Opera gives performances in venues, primarily at the Benedum Center, with other performances at the Pittsburgh Creative. Pittsburgh Opera headquarters is located in the former George Westinghouse Air Brake Factory,2425 Liberty Avenue, in the Strip District. Pittsburgh Opera has been awarded LEED Silver Certification by the U. S. Green Building Council and is the first green opera company in the U. S. in the Operations, Pittsburgh Operas headquarters is also the oldest green building in Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh Opera was established in 1939 as the Pittsburgh Opera Company and is the eighth-oldest opera company in the United States, the first director of the company was Richard Karp, from 1942 to 1977. His daughter Barbara Karp took over her fathers duties during his final illness, james DeBlasis then served as interim artistic director after the resignation of Barbara Karp. In 1983, Tito Capobianco became Pittsburgh Operas general director, holding this position until 1997, from 1997 to 2000, Capobianco was the companys artistic director, before leaving in 2000. Mark Weinstein became general director of Pittsburgh Opera in 1999, after starting as executive director in 1997. During his tenure, he presided over an increase in the endowment from US $4 million to US $16 million. Weinstein also presided over the addition of an extra production during the season,5 productions as opposed to 4. Weinstein announced his resignation as Pittsburgh Operas general director effective February 1,2008, artistic Director Christopher Hahn was appointed as General Director in June 2008. South Africa native Christopher Hahn served as the artistic director from 2000 until his appointment as General Director. John Mauceri was Music Director of Pittsburgh Opera from 2000 until his resignation in 2006, in October 2006, Antony Walker was named the next Music Director of Pittsburgh Opera, and assumed the post immediately. Walkers initial contract was for 3 years, but has since extended through the 2011-12 season. Theo Alcantara John Mauceri Antony Walker Pittsburgh Opera homepage Map, 40°27′12″N 79°58′47″W
22.
Barbershop Harmony Society
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Hall in Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1938, the organization quickly grew, promoting barbershop harmony among men of all ages. As of 2014, just under 23,000 men in the United States, the international headquarters was in Kenosha, Wisconsin for fifty years before moving to Nashville, Tennessee in 2007. A parallel womens singing organization, Sweet Adelines International was founded in 1945, a second womens barbershop harmony organization, Harmony, Inc. broke from SAI in 1959 over an issue of racial exclusion, with SAI being white-only at that time. Several international affiliate organizations, in countries around the world, add their own flavor to the sound of barbershop harmony. The original name SPEBSQSA was intended as a lampoon on Roosevelts New Deal alphabet agencies, because of the names length and the difficult-to-pronounce acronym, society staff and members often refer to SPEBSQSA as The Society. For decades, SPEBSQSA was the name, while the Barbershop Harmony Society was an officially recognized and sanctioned alternate. Members were encouraged to use the name, because it was felt that the official name was an in-joke that did not resonate outside the Society. In mid-2004, faced with declining membership, the Society adopted a plan that called for using Barbershop Harmony Society consistently. The old official name spelled barber shop as two words, while barbershop is generally used elsewhere, in reference to the acronym SPEBSQSA, The Society has said attempts to pronounce the name are discouraged. Unofficially, it is pronounced as if it were spelled Spebsqua. In late 2004, the Society established Barbershop Harmony Society as its new name, with a logo. Although the legal name remained SPEBSQSA, Inc. the decision was controversial, as many felt that the new name did not reflect a mission of preservation. Many members were concerned that the quartet had been dropped. A key aspect of the Societys mission is in the preservation of barbershop music, to this end, it maintains the Old Songs Library. Holding over 100,000 titles this is the largest sheet music collection in the world excepting only the Library of Congress, the Barberpole Cat Program is an essential repertoire of 12 songs that every barbershopper should know. The purpose of this program is to give all barbershoppers a common repertoire so that any new quartet will have something already prepared to sing, HHW had housed finance, merchandising, IT and membership. Operations and staff from both buildings were consolidated into a remodeled HHW, in 2006 the Society announced plans to move its headquarters to Nashville, Tennessee. In August 2007, the Society completed the relocation to 110 Seventh Avenue North, to promote and improve barbershop singing, the society annually runs international and district level contests for choruses and quartets
23.
Tucson, Arizona
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Tucson is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, the Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area, with a total population of 1,010,025 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor, the city is located 108 miles southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi north of the U. S. –Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 53rd largest metropolitan area in the United States, Major incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, towns outside the Tucson metro area include Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south. The Spanish name of the city, Tucsón, is derived from the Oodham Cuk Ṣon, meaning base of the black, Tucson is sometimes referred to as The Old Pueblo. Tucson was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago, recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River have located a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural Period and these people constructed irrigation canals and grew corn, beans, and other crops while gathering wild plants and hunting. The Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson saw the first extensive use of vessels for cooking. The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery. Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692, a separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now A mountain. Hugo OConor, the father of the city of Tucson, Arizona authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón. During the Spanish period of the presidio, attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by Apaches, eventually the town came to be called Tucson and became a part of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821. Tucson was not included in the Mexican Cession and Cookes road through Tucson became one of the important routes into California during the California Gold Rush, Arizona, south of the Gila River, was obtained via treaty from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase on June 8,1854. Tucson became a part of the United States of America, although the American military did not formally take control until March 1856. In 1857, Tucson became a station on the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line. The Overland Mail Corporation attempted to continue running, however, following the Bascom Affair, devastating Apache attacks on the stations, from August 1861 to mid-1862, Tucson was the western capital of the Confederate Arizona Territory, the eastern capital being Mesilla. In 1862, the California Column drove the Confederate forces out of Arizona, Tucson and all of what is now Arizona were part of New Mexico Territory until 1863, when they became part of the new Arizona Territory
24.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
25.
Western (genre)
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Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, bandannas, spurs, cowboy boots and buckskins. Other characters include Native Americans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, mounted cavalry, settlers, Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a. mythic vision of the plains, specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways and isolated military forts of the Wild West. Many Westerns use a plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution. The Western was the most popular Hollywood genre, from the early 20th century to the 1960s, Western films first became well-attended in the 1930s. John Fords landmark Western adventure Stagecoach became one of the biggest hits in 1939, Westerns were very popular throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Many of the most acclaimed Westerns were released during this time – including High Noon, Shane, The Searchers, the Western depicts a society organized around codes of honor and personal, direct or private justice–frontier justice–dispensed by gunfights. These honor codes are played out through depictions of feuds or individuals seeking personal revenge or retribution against someone who has wronged them. The popular perception of the Western is a story that centers on the life of a semi-nomadic wanderer, a showdown or duel at high noon featuring two or more gunfighters is a stereotypical scene in the popular conception of Westerns. In some ways, such protagonists may be considered the descendants of the knight errant which stood at the center of earlier extensive genres such as the Arthurian Romances. And like knights errant, the heroes of Westerns frequently rescue damsels in distress, similarly, the wandering protagonists of Westerns share many characteristics with the ronin in modern Japanese culture. The Western typically takes these elements and uses them to tell simple morality tales, Westerns often stress the harshness and isolation of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape. Apart from the wilderness, it is usually the saloon that emphasizes that this is the Wild West, it is the place to go for music, women, gambling, drinking, brawling and shooting. The American Film Institute defines western films as those set in the American West that embodies the spirit, the struggle, the term Western, used to describe a narrative film genre, appears to have originated with a July 1912 article in Motion Picture World Magazine. Most of the characteristics of Western films were part of 19th century popular Western fiction and were firmly in place before film became an art form. Protagonists ride between dusty towns and cattle ranches on their trusty steeds, Western films were enormously popular in the silent film era. With the advent of sound in 1927-28, the major Hollywood studios rapidly abandoned Westerns, leaving the genre to smaller studios and these smaller organizations churned out countless low-budget features and serials in the 1930s. Released through United Artists, Stagecoach made John Wayne a mainstream star in the wake of a decade of headlining B westerns
26.
The Adventures of Kit Carson
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The Adventures of Kit Carson is an American Western television series that aired in syndication from August 1951 to November 1955, originally sponsored by Coca-Cola. It stars Bill Williams in the role as frontier scout Christopher Kit Carson. Don Diamond co-starred as El Toro, Carsons Mexican companion, the Adventures of Kit Carson was intended for children, and presents a fictionalized version of Carson and his life. In the series, Kit Carson roamed the West with his companion El Toro, Kit rode a horse named Apache. Bill Williams as Kit Carson Don Diamond as El Toro John L. Kit Carson was produced by Revue Productions, the company did not renew the copyright on the programs episodes, so that they moved into the public domain. The Adventures of Kit Carson at the Internet Movie Database The Adventures of Kit Carson at TV. com Public domain episode on Internet Archive
27.
Leave It to Beaver
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Leave It to Beaver is an American television sitcom about an inquisitive and often naïve boy, Theodore The Beaver Cleaver, and his adventures at home, in school, and around his suburban neighborhood. The show also starred Barbara Billingsley and Hugh Beaumont as Beavers parents, June and Ward Cleaver, the show has attained an iconic status in the United States, with the Cleavers exemplifying the idealized suburban family of the mid-20th century. The show was created by the writers Joe Connelly and Bob Mosher and these veterans of radio and early television found inspiration for the shows characters, plots and dialogue in the lives, experiences and conversations of their own children. Leave It to Beaver is one of the first primetime sitcom series written from a point of view. Like several television dramas and sitcoms of the late 1950s and early 1960s, in a typical episode, Beaver gets into some sort of boyish scrape, then faces his parents for reprimand and correction. Neither parent was omniscient, the series showed the parents debating their approach to child rearing. Leave It to Beaver ran for six full 39-week seasons, the series had its debut on CBS on October 4,1957. The following season, it moved to ABC, where it stayed until completing its run on June 20,1963, throughout the shows run, it was shot with a single camera on black-and-white 35mm film. The shows production companies included the comedian George Gobels Gomalco Productions and Kayro Productions with filming at Revue Studios/Republic Studios, the show was distributed by MCA TV. Contemporary commentators praised Leave It to Beaver, with Variety comparing Beaver to Mark Twains Tom Sawyer, much juvenile merchandise was released during the shows first run, including board games, novels, and comic books. The show has enjoyed a renaissance in popularity since the 1970s through off-network syndication, a reunion telemovie, in 1997, a movie version based on the original series was released to moderate acclaim. In October 2007, TV Land celebrated the shows 50th anniversary with a marathon, although the show never broke into the Nielsen ratings top 30 or won any awards, it placed on Time magazines unranked 2007 list of The 100 Best TV Shows of All-Time. According to Tony Dow, If any line got too much of a laugh and they didnt want a big laugh, they wanted chuckles. In 1957, the radio, film and television writers Joe Connelly and Bob Mosher developed a concept for a TV show about childhood and family life featuring a fictional suburban couple, working titles during the shows gestation period included Its a Small World and Wally and the Beaver. The pilot aired April 23,1957, as Its a Small World on the anthology series Heinz Studio 57, the stars of the pilot were Casey Adams and Paul Sullivan. They were replaced as production of the series neared, six months after the broadcast of the pilot, the series debuted on CBS on Friday October 4,1957, as Leave It to Beaver, with the episode third in production order, Beaver Gets Spelled. The intended premiere, Captain Jack, displayed a toilet tank, Captain Jack has claimed its place in television history as the first American TV show to display a toilet tank. In 1997, it was ranked number 42 in TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time, remington Rand was a potential sponsor during the shows conception and counseled against the shows suggested title, Wally and the Beaver, believing viewers would think the show was a nature program
28.
The Abbott and Costello Show
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This article is about the television program. For the radio program of the name, see The Abbott. The Abbott and Costello Show is an American television sitcom starring the comedy team of Bud Abbott. The series is considered to be among the most influential programs in history. In 1998 Entertainment Weekly praised the series as one of the 100 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, in 2007, Time magazine selected it for its The 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. The show was a vehicle to bring the duos burlesque routines to television in a format that the team could control. It contained none of the musical interludes or love stories that marked most of their feature films, basically, if a situation or gag was funny, the team filmed it with little regard to plot, character or continuity. As a result, the became a valuable record of classic burlesque scenes performed by the duo. Abbott and Costello portrayed unemployed actors sharing an apartment in a house in Hollywood. Bacciagalupe, an Italian immigrant caricature who held a variety of jobs depending upon the requirements of the script, bobby Barber and Joan Shawlee also appeared frequently. Several episodes featured a pet chimp named Bingo, who was dressed exactly the same as Costello, brooke, Besser and Kirk also left the cast after the first season. Lou Costello owned the show with Bud Abbott working on salary, the show was not a network program when first introduced but was sold into syndication by MCA Inc. to about 40 local stations across the country. As a result, it was broadcast on different days and at different times in different cities, in New York it first appeared on the CBS affiliate, WCBS, on December 5,1952, but was not carried nationally on that network. Second-season episodes were telecast in New York on NBCs flagship station, the only time the show was broadcast on a network was when CBS repeated first-season episodes as part of its Saturday morning schedule in the 1954-55 season. This sitcom had a life in reruns from the late 1950s to the 1990s. It has been released on DVD by three different distributors, starting in the 1990s, jean Yarbrough, who directed every episode of the series, took over the producing chores thereafter. Eddie Forman, who was a writer on The Abbott and Costello Show on radio, wrote the first five episodes. Episodes in the season were primarily written by Clyde Bruckman
29.
Letter to Loretta
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Letter to Loretta is an American anthology drama television series broadcast on Sunday nights from September 2,1953, to June 4,1961, on NBC for a total of 165 episodes. The series was hosted by Academy Award-winning actress Loretta Young, who played the lead in various episodes. Letter to Loretta was sponsored by Procter & Gamble for its first seven seasons, for its eighth and final season, from 1960 to 1961, the series was sponsored by Warner-Lamberts Listerine. The program began with the premise that each drama was an answer to a question asked in her fan mail, the title was changed to The Loretta Young Show during the first season, and the letter concept was dropped altogether at the end of the second season. From this point on, Young appeared in only half of each seasons shows as an actress. She became known for swirling around in her gowns during her entrance through a door at the start of the show, a convention parodied by many comedians, including Ernie Kovacs. During the series run, the series was popular with audiences and critics. It finished its last season far behind its competition, Candid Camera on CBS, in 1954 Billboard voted it the third best network filmed drama series. In 1959, the series won a Golden Globe Award for Best TV Show, Loretta Young earned three Best Actress Primetime Emmy Awards in 1955,1957 and 1959. Norbert Brodine claimed an Emmy for Best Cinematography in 1957, Young also earned Emmy nominations in 1954,1956,1958,1960 and 1961, while Brodine was nominated in 1955,1956 and 1958 as well. The Directors Guild of America nominated Robert Florey in 1955 and Norman Foster in 1957 for their work on the series, Letter to Loretta at the Internet Movie Database The Loretta Young Show at CVTA with episode list
30.
Cavalcade of America
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It was initially broadcast on radio from 1935 to 1953, and later on television from 1952 to 1957. Originally on CBS, the series pioneered the use of drama for company audio advertising. Cavalcade of America documented historical events using stories of courage, initiative and achievement. The series was intended to improve DuPonts public image after World War I, the show started as part of a successful campaign to reinvigorate DuPont. In the early 1930s, the Nye Committee investigations concluded that DuPont had made a fortune profiteering in World War I, the company stood accused of encouraging an arms race between World War I enemies, after being heavily subsidized by the Allies to increase black powder production. The negative effects of the left the company demoralized, directionless. DuPonts products were not for public consumption, so there was no purpose in promoting them through advertising. As a solution to DuPonts troubles, Roy Durstine, then director of Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn. This was to be an important element in the successful re-branding of DuPont as an American legacy engaged in making products for the well-being of Americans, DuPonts image problems led the company to promote some pacifist and socialist ideals. For scripts, the program was able to attract such prominent writers as Maxwell Anderson, Stephen Vincent Benét, Carl Sandburg. This is the cast listing according to The Concise Encyclopedia of American Radio, narrator Walter Huston Actors, Cavalcade of America made a major impact in radio advertising during its run on the air. This forced Cavalcade of America to fall in line with avoiding the use of many radio cliches of the day, including gunfire and depicting blacks on the radio. The writers of Cavalcade of America supported this move by DuPont, with new writers and a world-class PR firm, DuPont was able to shake the “merchant of death” label and remained a sponsor for a top radio program. Cavalcade of America was an exercise in corporate image-building. DuPont promoted itself as a hero for America and this type of propaganda was shrewd but effective, it put a corporate image behind the real-life heroes that lived a century before. This was not necessarily advertising, since individuals could not go to the store, the series also gave history and chemistry more prestige than it would have otherwise had. By making the show thrilling, but not over-sensationalized, DuPont was able to better its own branding, on May 15,1940 DuPont made nylon womens hosiery available to the public and began an advertising blitz. The day was designated N-day by DuPonts marketeers, and an episode of Cavalcade of America was markedly different, DuPont selected a typical housewife to interview G. P
31.
The Lone Ranger (TV series)
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The Lone Ranger is an American western drama television series that aired on the ABC Television network from 1949 to 1957, with Clayton Moore in the starring role. Jay Silverheels, a member of the Mohawk Aboriginal people in Canada, John Hart replaced Moore in the title role from 1952 to 1954 due to a contract dispute. Fred Foy, who had been both narrator and announcer of the series from 1948 until its ending, was the announcer. Gerald Mohr was originally employed as the narrator for the television series, the Lone Ranger was the highest-rated television program on ABC in the early 1950s and its first true hit. The series finished #7 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1950-1951 season, #18 for 1951-1952, the fictional story line maintains that a patrol of six Texas Rangers is massacred, with only one member surviving. The lone survivor thereafter disguises himself with a mask and travels with Tonto throughout Texas. A silver mine supplies The Lone Ranger with the name of his horse as well as the required to finance his wandering life-style. George W. Trendle retained the title of producer, although he recognized that his experience in radio was not adequate for producing the television series, for this, he hired veteran MGM film producer Jack Chertok. Chertok served as the producer for the first 182 episodes as well as for a rarely seen 1955 color special retelling the origin, the first 78 episodes were produced and broadcast for 78 consecutive weeks without any breaks or reruns. Then the entire 78 episodes were shown again before any new episodes were produced, all were shot in Kanab, Utah and California. The rock seen next to Silver is known as Lone Ranger Rock, when it came time to produce another batch of 52 episodes, there was a wage dispute with Clayton Moore, and John Hart was hired to play the role of the Lone Ranger. Once again, the 52 new episodes were aired in sequence followed by 52 weeks rerunning them, despite expectations that the mask would make the switch workable, Hart was not accepted in the role, and his episodes were not seen again until the 1980s. At the end of the year of the television series, Trendle sold the Lone Ranger rights to Jack Wrather. Wrather immediately rehired Clayton Moore to play the Lone Ranger, once again, they were broadcast as a full year of new episodes followed by a full year of reruns. The final season saw a number of changes, including a count of 39. Wrather invested money from his own pocket to film in color, although ABC telecast only in black, Wrather also went outdoors for action footage. Otherwise, the series was filmed on a studio sound stage. Another big change, not readily detectable by the viewers, was replacing Jack Chertok with producer Sherman A. Harris, by this time, Chertok had established his own television production company and was busy producing other programs
32.
Fireside Theatre
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Jane Wyman Presents, is an American anthology drama series that ran on NBC from 1949 to 1958, and was the first successful filmed series on American television. Stories were low budget and often based on public domain stories or written by writers such as Rod Serling. While it was panned by critics, it remained in the top ten most popular shows for most of its run and it predated the other major pioneer of filmed TV in America, I Love Lucy, by two years. From 1952 to 1958, the program was presented by a host and this role was first filled by Frank Wisbar, then by Gene Raymond, and finally by the person most associated with the series in the public mind, Jane Wyman. He later recreated the role on a spoken word Caedmon Records LP album and it has since been released on CD. The otherwise-unrelated comedy troupe The Firesign Theatre based their name on this series, the Doubleday Book Club also ran a playscripts club called The Fireside Theatre. Fireside Theatre became a hit for NBC, always in the Top 30 shows at the end of each TV season, in the 1956-1957 season, its ratings slumped and decreased in the ratings. It was not in the Top 30 Ratings in the 1956-1957 TV season, Billboard magazine praised an episode titled The Lottery, saying that the cast all turned in taut, exciting performances to make Lottery a real winner. Unlike most episodes of the series, this episode aired live, in 1954, Billboard voted it fourth-best filmed network drama series, ahead of the more fondly remembered General Electric Theater, however, Billboards list excluded mystery shows. Seasonal rankings of Fireside Theatre on NBC. com Fireside Theatre at the Museum of Broadcast Communications
33.
Tales of the Texas Rangers
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Film star Joel McCrea voiced the radio version as the fictitious Texas Ranger Jayce Pearson, who uses the latest scientific techniques to identify criminals. His faithful horse, Charcoal, helps Pearson to track down the culprits, the radio shows, some of which are available on the Internet, are reenactments of actual Texas Ranger cases. The television version was produced and also directed for several episodes by Stacy Keach and it was sponsored for part of its run by Wheaties cereal. The television version was filmed by Screen Gems, on radio, Joel McCreas Pearson often worked by request with a local sheriffs office or police department. But in the version, Willard Parker assumed the role of Jace Pearson and had a regular partner, Ranger Clay Morgan. Morgan was portrayed in the version by Harry Lauter. William Boyett appeared five times on the series, including the role of Wade Crowell in the 1955 premiere episode. The radio series used contemporary cases and modern methods to solve crimes, it was a procedural drama. The television version had some episodes set in the 1950s, comparable in some ways to Rod Camerons syndicated series, other episodes were set in the 19th century in a traditional western genre. In each case, Parker and Lauter were involved with chases, the weaponry varied greatly between the modern and older stories. Irving J. Moore, later with Gunsmoke, began his career as a director on two episodes of Tales of the Texas Rangers, besides Keach and Moore, the other directors included Lew Landers, George Blair, and Earl Bellamy. Harvey, as Milo Paxin in Return of the Rough Riders Harry Harvey, Jr. as Jeff Thorpe in Traitors Gold Ed Hinton, as Matt Carter in Blazing Across the Pecos and as Walker in The Rough, Tough West I. Stanford Jolley, as Sheriff Clinton in West of Sonora, the fights a former outlaw for custody of a little girl. It also inspired Willy Vandersteens Suske en Wiske album De Texasrakkers
34.
Lux Video Theatre
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Lux Video Theatre is an American television anthology series that was produced from 1950 until 1957. The series presented both comedy and drama in original teleplays, as well as abridged adaptations of films and plays, the Lux Video Theatre was a spin-off from the successful Lux Radio Theater series broadcast on the NBC Blue Network and CBS. Lux Video Theatre began as a live 30-minute Monday evening CBS series on October 2,1950, in September 1953, the show relocated from New York to Hollywood. In August 1954, it moved to NBC as a show on Thursday nights. With the introduction of the format and the move to Hollywood. To introduce each act and interview the stars at the conclusion, NBC added a series of hosts, James Mason, Otto Kruger, Gordon MacRae. Kruger recalled, All I do is come up and tell the people who I am, I dont have a single thing to do with producing, directing or casting the show. Yet I get letters every week complimenting me on my production, my directing, my casting, New episodes were broadcast during the summer as the Summer Video Theatre. In 1957-58, Lux shifted sponsorship to a musical variety show. For the 1958-59 season, the series was brought back with a new name. The new series alternated weeks with Schlitz Playhouse, the series finished in the Nielsen ratings at #30 in the 1950-1951 season and #25 in 1955-1956
35.
Dragnet (franchise)
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Dragnet was an American radio, television and motion picture series, enacting the cases of a dedicated Los Angeles police detective, Sergeant Joe Friday, and his partners. The show takes its name from the police dragnet, meaning a system of coordinated measures for apprehending criminals or suspects. Dragnet is perhaps the most famous and influential police procedural drama in media history, the series gave audience members a feel for the danger and heroism of police work. Dragnet earned praise for improving the public opinion of police officers, Actor and producer Jack Webbs aims in Dragnet were for realism and unpretentious acting, he achieved both goals, and Dragnet remains a key influence on subsequent police dramas in many media. Another Dragnet trademark is the opening narration, Ladies and gentlemen. Only the names have changed to protect the innocent. This underwent minor revisions over time, the only and ladies and gentlemen were dropped at some point, and for the television version hear was changed to see. Variations on this narration have been featured in subsequent crime dramas, Webb relaunched Dragnet in 1966, with NBC once again chosen to air the series. He tried to persuade Ben Alexander to rejoin him as Frank Smith, Alexander was then committed to an ABC police series, Felony Squad, and the producers would not release him. Webb reluctantly came up with a new character to take the role of Joe Fridays partner, Morgan had previously portrayed rooming house proprietor Luther Gage in the 1949 radio series episode James Vickers. George Fenneman returned as the primary announcer with John Stephenson replacing Hal Gibney in the role of announcing the trial dates. Fenneman replaced Stephenson in that role during the fourth season, unlike the previous Dragnet series, the revival was produced and aired in color. Webb produced a TV movie pilot for the new version of the show for Universal Television, NBC bought the show on the strength of the movie and it debuted as a midseason replacement for the sitcom The Hero on Thursday nights in January 1967. To distinguish it from the original, the year was included in the title of the show, although Friday had been promoted to lieutenant in the final episode of the 1950s production, Webb chose to have Friday revert to sergeant with his familiar badge,714. Cooke was technical advisor to the KNBC documentary Police Unit 2A-26, the show had good ratings on NBCs schedule for four seasons, although its popularity did not exceed that of the 1950s version. Much as was done 11 years earlier, Webb decided voluntarily to discontinue Dragnet after its season to focus on producing and directing his other projects through Mark VII Limited. The first of these projects was a spinoff of Dragnet titled Adam-12, a 30-minute police procedural like its parent series, the series premiered in the fall of 1968 and ran for seven seasons, coming to an end in 1975. Adam-12, in turn, spawned its own spinoff in early 1972 called Emergency, running as a weekly series until 1977 and as a series of made-for-television movies for two years after that, Emergency
36.
Our Miss Brooks
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Our Miss Brooks is an American situation comedy starring Eve Arden as a sardonic high-school English teacher. It began as a show broadcast on CBS from 1948 to 1957. When the show was adapted to television, it one of the mediums earliest hits. In 1956, the sitcom was adapted for big screen in the film of the same name, the television episodes have returned to air as of September 6,2016, shown every weekday on MeTV at 5,00 a. m. Connie Brooks is an English teacher at fictional Madison High School, Osgood Conklin is a blustery, gruff, crooked, and unsympathetic Madison High principal, a near-constant pain to his faculty and students. Occasionally, Conklin would rig competitions at the school—such as that for prom queen—so that his daughter Harriet would win, perfectly aware of Miss Brooks feelings, he tirelessly tries to help Brooks snare Mr. Boynton, despite the latters cluelessness. Philip Boynton, is a Madison High biology teacher, the shy, margaret Davis, Miss Brooks absentminded landlady, has two trademarks, a cat named Minerva and a penchant for whipping up exotic and often inedible breakfasts. Harriet Conklin is a Madison High student and daughter of principal Conklin, a sometime love interest for Walter Denton, Harriet is honest and guileless, with none of her fathers malevolence and dishonesty. Stretch Snodgrass is a dull-witted Madison High athletic star and Walters best friend, daisy Enright is a Madison High English teacher and a scheming professional and romantic rival to Miss Brooks. Jacques Monet is a French teacher, Arden had actually been the third choice to play the title role. Lucille Ball was believed to have been the choice, but she was already committed to My Favorite Husband. Then CBS chairman Bill Paley, who was friendly with Arden, produced by Larry Berns and written by director Al Lewis, Our Miss Brooks premiered on CBS July 19,1948. According to radio critic John Crosby, her lines were very feline in dialogue scenes with principal Conklin and would-be boyfriend Boynton, with sharp, witty comebacks. The interplay between the cast—blustery Conklin, nebbishy Denton, accommodating Harriet, absentminded Mrs. Davis, clueless Boynton, Jeff Chandler played Boynton and stayed with the role for five years, even after becoming a movie star. He ultimately resigned because it was too exhausting to juggle a regular role with his film commitments. Others in the cast included Anne Whitfield as Conklins daughter, Harriet, Arden won a radio listeners poll by Radio Mirror magazine as the top-ranking comedienne of 1948–49, receiving her award at the end of an Our Miss Brooks broadcast that March. Im certainly going to try in the months to merit the honor youve bestowed upon me. But she was also a hit with the critics, a winter 1949 poll of newspaper, for its entire radio life, the show was sponsored by Colgate-Palmolive-Peet, promoting Palmolive soap, Lustre Creme shampoo, and Toni hair-care products
37.
The Gale Storm Show
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The Gale Storm Show is an American sitcom starring Gale Storm. The series premiered on September 29,1956, and ran until 1960 for 126 half-hour black-and-white episodes, initially on CBS, the Gale Storm Show was co-produced by Independent Television Corporation and Hal Roach Studios. The series was aired under the title Oh, Susanna in syndication, the series is based on a cruise director, Susanna Pomeroy, on a ship traveling around the world. A cast of regular characters inhabits the ship and new situations are created as the ship moors in ports, unlike her previous role on My Little Margie, Storms character emits a shrill, two-fingered whistle to get peoples attention. On her previous show, she would make a Trilling sound when in trouble, the series finished at #16 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1957-1958 season. Boris Karloff Doug McClure Patrick McVey as Reid in Girls, robby the Robot Frank Wilcox The Gale Storm Show at TV. com The Gale Storm Show at the Internet Movie Database
38.
General Electric Theater
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General Electric Theater was an American anthology series hosted by Ronald Reagan that was broadcast on CBS radio and television. The series was sponsored by General Electrics Department of Public Relations, jaime del Valle produced and directed the show. Ken Carpenter was the host and announcer, stereo Theater, the program was the first network radio series to be broadcast on FM in stereo. The television version of the program, produced by MCA-TV/Revue, was broadcast every Sunday evening at 9,00 pm EST, beginning February 11953, and ending May 271962. Each of the estimated 209 television episodes was an adaptation of a novel, short story, play, film, an exception was the 1954 episode Music for Christmas, which featured choral director Fred Waring and his group The Pennsylvanians performing Christmas music. On September 26,1954, Ronald Reagan debuted as the only host of the program, GE added a host to provide continuity in the anthology format. General Electric Theater made the already well-known Reagan, who had appeared in films as a second lead throughout his career, wealthy. After eight years as host, Reagan estimated he had visited 135 GE research and manufacturing facilities, Reagan, who would later be known as The Great Communicator because of his oratorical prowess, often credited these engagements as helping him develop his public-speaking abilities. Among the guest stars on the anthology were, Reagan was fired by General Electric in 1962 in response to his reference to the Tennessee Valley Authority as one of the problems of big government. This program started as a flood control project, the Tennessee Valley was periodically ravaged by destructive floods, the Army Engineers set out to solve this problem. They said that it was possible that once in 500 years there could be a total capacity flood that would inundate some 600,000 acres and they made a permanent lake which inundated a million acres. This solved the problem of floods, but the annual interest on the TVA debt is five times as great as the flood damage they sought to correct. Of course, you point out that TVA gets electric power from the impounded waters, and this is true. The series was not dropped because of low ratings but political intervention, Michael claimed that Robert Kennedy told GE officials that the company would receive no federal contracts so long as Reagan was host of the series. S. According to Michael Reagan, Kennedys directive is another example of the law of unintended consequences, had Kennedy stayed out of GE contract matters, there would have been no Governor or President Reagan, speculates Michael Reagan. In fact, the primary reason Reagan was fired by General Electric for his comments regarding the TVA was that the TVA was one of General Electrics biggest customers. General Electric was and remains the largest supplier of equipment to the TVA, don Herbert, a television personality well known as the host of Watch Mr. Wizard, appeared as the General Electric Progress Reporter, adding a scientific touch to the institutional advertising pitch. The show was produced by Revue Studios, whose successor-in-interest, NBC Universal Television, was co-owned by GE, following General Electric Theaters cancellation in 1962, the series was replaced in the same time slot by the short-lived GE-sponsored GE True, hosted by Jack Webb
39.
Peter Gunn
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Peter Gunn is an American private eye television series which aired on the NBC and ABC television networks from 1958 to 1961. The series was created by Blake Edwards, episodes were also directed by Boris Sagal, Robert Gist, Jack Arnold, Lamont Johnson, Robert Altman and several others. A total of 114 thirty-minute episodes were produced by Spartan Productions, Season one was filmed at Universal Studios, while seasons two and three were filmed at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Philip H. Lathrop and William W. Spencer were cinematographers on many episodes, Craig Stevens wardrobe was tailored by Don Richards and Lola Albrights fashions by Jax. The series was No.17 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1958–1959 TV season, the title character, played by Craig Stevens, is a well-dressed private investigator whose hair is always in place and who loves cool jazz. Where other gumshoes might be coarse, Peter Gunn is a sophisticate with expensive tastes and he operates in a nameless, fictional riverfront city and can usually be found at Mothers, a smoky wharfside jazz club that he uses as his office, often meeting clients there. He has a reputation of being one of the best investigators and he sometimes works cases out of the state and on at least one occasion out of country, with one case occurring in Mexico and another involving a tour of Western Europe. Gunn drives a 1958 two-tone DeSoto two door hardtop in the first few episodes of the first season, then a 1959 Plymouth Fury convertible with a white top, in the third season Gunn drives a 1961 white Plymouth Fury convertible with a car phone. Gunns girlfriend, Edie Hart, is a sultry singer employed at Mothers and his pet name for Edie is Silly. Herschel Bernardi costarred as Lieutenant Charles Chuck Jacoby, a police detective. Occasionally he refers people to Gunn as clients, Bernardi received his only Emmy nomination for the role. Hope Emerson appeared as Mother, who had been a singer and she received an Emmy nomination for the role. For the second season, Mother was played by Minerva Urecal, associate producer Byron Kane portrayed Barney, the bartender, Kane was never credited for playing this role. Bill Chadney appeared as Emmett, the player at Mothers. Both Billy Barty as pool hustler Babby and Herbert Ellis as Beat bistro owner, painter, Capri Candela played Wilburs girlfriend Capri. Frequent director Robert Gist appeared as an actor in different roles in three episodes, Edie opened her own night club Edies with James Lanphier as Leslie the maitre d in Season 3. Peter Gunn ran for three seasons starting in late 1958, a total of 114 episodes were produced during the three season run. Peter Gunn premiered on September 22,1958 with the episode The Kill, the first season ran from September 1958 through June 1959 and contained 38 episodes
40.
The Texan (TV series)
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The Texan is a western television series starring popular B movie actor Rory Calhoun, which aired on the CBS television network from 1958 to 1960. In The Texan, Calhoun played Bill Longley, a Confederate captain from the American Civil War who on his pinto, Domino, roams the American West but stops to help people in need. A fast gun and the enemy of all lawbreakers, this Robin Hood of the West seems to appear everywhere in the post-war years. Often the plots center about Longley helping an old friend or a relative of an old friend, though known as a fearsome gunfighter, the fictional Bill Longley of The Texan is in no way the real Bill Longley. That Longley killed his first man in 1866, when he was fifteen, the Texan offers several multi-part episodes. In a four-parter, Longley portrays the boss of a drive, in another. In still another, Longley pursues the bandit El Sombro in the fictitious community of Rio Nada. Calhouns then wife, Lita Baron, appeared in several episodes, with Victor Orsatti, Calhoun formed Rorvic Productions to co-produce The Texan in partnership with Desilu Productions, the company founded by Lucille Ball and her first husband, Desi Arnaz. Then a neighbor of Orsattis, Arnaz proposed the idea for The Texan, episodes were budgeted at $40,000 each, with two segments filmed weekly at Desilu Studios. Despite the name, the program was not filmed in Texas, the Texan ran for only two seasons but could have been extended for a third had Calhoun been willing to continue. However, he wanted to return to films, in the second half of the second season, The Texan was preceded on the CBS schedule by Kate Smiths return to network television, her unsuccessful The Kate Smith Show. The first season, sponsored by Viceroy, is considered of better quality because CBS reused in the season some of the material. After the 78-episode run, Calhoun returned to starring and co-starring in B Westerns, louis LAmour wrote teleplays for several episodes, but there were thirty-five writers hired for the series and more than a dozen directors. One of the directors, George Archainbaud, a native of Paris, France, kenton, who began his career in 1914 with silent films, and Edward Ludwig, a native of Russia. The Texan faced competition in its first season from another western, The Restless Gun, however, The Texan then also fell out of the top 30 the following season. In the 1960-1961 television season, rebroadcasts of The Texan ran on ABC daytime opposite CBSs As the World Turns and NBCs Make Room for Daddy, the TV show was also adapted into a comic book by Dan Spiegle, distributed by Dell Comics. On November 18,2008, Timeless Media Group released a 10-disc best-of set entitled The Texan, the other eight episodes are missing. The Texan at the Internet Movie Database The Texan at TV. com
41.
Louis Hayward
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Louis Charles Hayward was a British actor born in Johannesburg, South Africa. Born in Johannesburg, Louis Hayward lived in South Africa and was educated in France and England, including Latymer Upper School in Hammersmith and he spent some time managing a night club but wanted to act and bought into a stock company. He became a protege of Noël Coward and began appearing in London in plays such as Dracula and he started being cast in some British films of the early 1930s. Hayward came to Broadway in 1935 with a production of Noël Cowards Point Valaine working with Alfred Lunt, the play only ran a short time, after which Hayward received an offer from MGM to appear in The Flame Within. He followed this with the lead in A Feather in Her Hat for Columbia. He gained attention in the prologue of Anthony Adverse and he was then cast as the first screen incarnation of Simon Templar in Leslie Charteris The Saint in New York. In 1938 he starred in The Duke of West Point for producer Edward Small who signed him to three films over the next five years, meaning he was unable to reprise his part as the Saint. Instead, Small cast him in a role in The Man in the Iron Mask as well as The Son of Monte Cristo. He became an American citizen in December 1941, during World War II, Hayward enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in July 1942. He commanded a unit that filmed the Battle of Tarawa in a documentary titled With the Marines at Tarawa—winner of the 1944 Academy Award for Best Documentary. Hayward was awarded the Bronze Star Medal, while off-duty in New Zealand he went under the name of Captain Richards to avoid the rush of the ladies as recalled by a waiter at a Wellington restaurant, the Green Parrot. Returning to Hollywood, he played Philip Lombard in the 1945 film version of And Then There Were None and he continued to make swashbuckler films. In April 1950, he told a court he was earning $150,000 a year, Hayward made several television appearances in the 1950s. He starred in the 1954 syndicated television series The Lone Wolf, haywards other television work includes a role as a judge in an episode of the Alfred Hitchcock Hour titled Day of Reckoning. In 1959, he was driving a car when it was hit by a driverless car, haywards work onstage included Noël Cowards Conversation Piece and, in the early 1960s, the national tour of Camelot in which he appeared as King Arthur. Hayward retired from acting in the 1970s, for his contributions to the motion picture and television industries, Hayward was honored in 1960 with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1500 and 1680 Vine Street, respectively. Hayward married actress/director Ida Lupino on 17 November 1938 in a civil ceremony held in the Santa Barbara courthouse. After he returned from the war he was different, which caused a strain in the marriage
42.
The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)
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The Twilight Zone is an American science-fiction, fantasy, psychological-supernatural horror anthology television series created by Rod Serling, which ran for five seasons on CBS from 1959 to 1964. Each story typically features a moral and a surprise ending, the series is notable for featuring both established stars and younger actors who would become more famous later on. Serling served as producer and head writer, he wrote or co-wrote 92 of the shows 156 episodes. He was also the shows host and narrator, delivering monologues at the beginning, Serlings opening and closing narrations usually summarize the episodes events encapsulating how and why the main character had entered the Twilight Zone. In 2016, it was ranked No.8 on Rolling Stones list of the 100 greatest shows of all time, in 2002, The Twilight Zone was ranked No.26 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked it as the third best-written TV series ever, by the late 1950s, Rod Serling was a regular name in television. His successful teleplays included Patterns and Requiem for a Heavyweight, but constant changes and edits made by the networks, in Requiem for a Heavyweight, the line Got a match. But according to comments in his 1957 anthology Patterns, Serling had been trying to delve into more controversial than his works of the early 1950s. Despite bad reviews, activists sent numerous letters and wires protesting the production, the script, however, was rejected and shelved for a year until Bert Granet discovered and produced it as an episode of Desilu Playhouse in 1958. The show was a success and enabled Serling to finally begin production on his anthology series. There is a dimension, beyond that which is known to man. It is a dimension as vast as space and as timeless as infinity and it is the middle ground between light and shadow, between science and superstition, and it lies between the pit of mans fears and the summit of his knowledge. This is the dimension of imagination and it is an area which we call The Twilight Zone. The Twilight Zone premiered the night of October 2,1959 and its the one series that I will let interfere with other plans, said Terry Turner for the Chicago Daily News. Even as the show proved popular to televisions critics, it struggled to find an audience of television viewers. CBS was banking on a rating of at least 21 or 22, the series future was jeopardized when its third episode, Mr. Denton on Doomsday earned a 16.3 rating. With one exception, the first season featured scripts written only by Rod Serling and these three were responsible for 127 of the 156 episodes in the series. Additionally, with one exception, Serling never appeared on camera during any first-season episode, Serling did appear on screen in Twilight Zone promotional spots plugging the following weeks episode – just not in the episodes themselves
