1.
Indianapolis
–
Indianapolis, is the capital and largest city of the U. S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. It is in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States, with an estimated population of 853,173 in 2015, Indianapolis is the second most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, and 14th largest in the U. S. The city is the economic and cultural center of the Indianapolis metropolitan area, home to 2 million people and its combined statistical area ranks 26th, with 2.4 million inhabitants. Indianapolis covers 372 square miles, making it the 16th largest city by area in the U. S. The city grew beyond the Mile Square, as completion of the National Road and advent of the railroad solidified the position as a manufacturing. Indianapolis is within a single-day drive of 70 percent of the nations population, Indianapolis has developed niche markets in amateur sports and auto racing. The city is perhaps best known for hosting the worlds largest single-day sporting event. The city is notable as headquarters for the American Legion and home to a significant collection of monuments dedicated to veterans and war dead, the most in the U. S. outside of Washington, D. C. Since the 1970 city-county consolidation, known as Unigov, local government administration has operated under the direction of an elected 25-member city-county council, Indianapolis is considered a high sufficiency global city. In 1816, the year Indiana gained statehood, the U. S. Congress donated four sections of land to establish a permanent seat of state government. Two years later, under the Treaty of St. Marys and this tract of land, which was called the New Purchase, included the site selected for the new state capital in 1820. The availability of new lands for purchase in central Indiana attracted settlers. Although many of these first European and American setters were Protestants, few African Americans lived in central Indiana before 1840. The first European Americans to permanently settle in the area that became Indianapolis were either the McCormick or Pogue families, on January 11,1820, the Indiana General Assembly authorized a committee to select a site in central Indiana for the new state capital. The state legislature approved the site, adopting the name Indianapolis on January 6,1821, in April, Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham were appointed to survey and design a town plan for the new settlement. Indianapolis became a seat of county government on December 31,1821, a combined county and town government continued until 1832, when Indianapolis incorporated as a town. Indianapolis became an incorporated city effective March 30,1847, Samuel Henderson, the citys first mayor, led the new city government, which included a seven-member city council. In 1853, voters approved a new city charter provided for an elected mayor
Indianapolis
–
The
Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument looms over the intersection of
Washington and
Meridian streets (1904).
Indianapolis
–
Clockwise from top:
Downtown Indianapolis skyline, as seen from
IUPUI, the
Indiana Statehouse,
Lucas Oil Stadium,
Indianapolis Motor Speedway, the
Indiana World War Memorial Plaza, and the
Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument.
Indianapolis
–
The inaugural Indy 500 (1911).
Indianapolis
–
Athletes at Pan American Games X (1987).
2.
Indiana
–
Indiana /ɪndiˈænə/ is a U. S. state located in the midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States and its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U. S. state on December 11,1816, before becoming a territory, varying cultures of indigenous peoples and historic Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Indiana has an economy with a gross state product of $298 billion in 2012. Indiana has several areas with populations greater than 100,000. The states name means Land of the Indians, or simply Indian Land and it also stems from Indianas territorial history. On May 7,1800, the United States Congress passed legislation to divide the Northwest Territory into two areas and named the section the Indiana Territory. In 1816, when Congress passed an Enabling Act to begin the process of establishing statehood for Indiana, a resident of Indiana is officially known as a Hoosier. The first inhabitants in what is now Indiana were the Paleo-Indians, divided into small groups, the Paleo-Indians were nomads who hunted large game such as mastodons. They created stone tools made out of chert by chipping, knapping and flaking, the Archaic period, which began between 5000 and 4000 BC, covered the next phase of indigenous culture. The people developed new tools as well as techniques to cook food, such new tools included different types of spear points and knives, with various forms of notches. They made ground-stone tools such as axes, woodworking tools. During the latter part of the period, they built mounds and middens. The Archaic period ended at about 1500 BC, although some Archaic people lived until 700 BC, afterward, the Woodland period took place in Indiana, where various new cultural attributes appeared. During this period, the people created ceramics and pottery, an early Woodland period group named the Adena people had elegant burial rituals, featuring log tombs beneath earth mounds. In the middle portion of the Woodland period, the Hopewell people began developing long-range trade of goods, nearing the end of the stage, the people developed highly productive cultivation and adaptation of agriculture, growing such crops as corn and squash. The Woodland period ended around 1000 AD, the Mississippian culture emerged, lasting from 1000 until the 15th century, shortly before the arrival of Europeans. During this stage, the people created large urban settlements designed according to their cosmology, with mounds and plazas defining ceremonial
Indiana
–
State sign,
Interstate 65
Indiana
–
Flag
Indiana
–
Native Americans guide French explorers through Indiana, as depicted by
Maurice Thompson in Stories of Indiana.
Indiana
–
Child laborers in glassworks, by
Lewis Hine. Indiana, August 1908.
3.
Science fiction
–
Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a literature of ideas. Science fiction is difficult to define, as it includes a range of subgenres and themes. Author and editor Damon Knight summed up the difficulty, saying science fiction is what we point to when we say it, a definition echoed by author Mark C. Glassy, who argues that the definition of science fiction is like the definition of pornography, you do not know what it is, in 1970 or 1971William Atheling Jr. According to science fiction writer Robert A, rod Serlings definition is fantasy is the impossible made probable. Science fiction is the improbable made possible, Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possible worlds or futures. Science fiction elements include, A time setting in the future, in alternative timelines, a spatial setting or scenes in outer space, on other worlds, or on subterranean earth. Characters that include aliens, mutants, androids, or humanoid robots, futuristic or plausible technology such as ray guns, teleportation machines, and humanoid computers. Scientific principles that are new or that contradict accepted physical laws, for time travel, wormholes. New and different political or social systems, e. g. utopian, dystopian, post-scarcity, paranormal abilities such as mind control, telepathy, telekinesis Other universes or dimensions and travel between them. A product of the budding Age of Reason and the development of science itself. Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan considered Keplers work the first science fiction story and it depicts a journey to the Moon and how the Earths motion is seen from there. Later, Edgar Allan Poe wrote a story about a flight to the moon, more examples appeared throughout the 19th century. Wells The War of the Worlds describes an invasion of late Victorian England by Martians using tripod fighting machines equipped with advanced weaponry and it is a seminal depiction of an alien invasion of Earth. In the late 19th century, the scientific romance was used in Britain to describe much of this fiction. This produced additional offshoots, such as the 1884 novella Flatland, the term would continue to be used into the early 20th century for writers such as Olaf Stapledon. In the early 20th century, pulp magazines helped develop a new generation of mainly American SF writers, influenced by Hugo Gernsback, the founder of Amazing Stories magazine. In 1912 Edgar Rice Burroughs published A Princess of Mars, the first of his series of Barsoom novels, situated on Mars
Science fiction
–
A futuristic setting is a common but not a necessary hallmark of science fiction. A common thread in science fiction is exploring the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations on people's lives.
Science fiction
–
H. G. Wells
Science fiction
–
Jules Verne
Science fiction
–
Arthur C. Clarke
4.
Fantasy fiction
–
Fantasy is a fiction genre set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Most fantasy uses magic or other elements as a main plot element, theme. Magic and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds, in popular culture, the fantasy genre is predominantly of the medievalist form. In its broadest sense, however, fantasy works by many writers, artists, filmmakers. Fantasy is studied in a number of disciplines including English and other studies, cultural studies, comparative literature, history. The identifying trait of fantasy is the reliance on imagination to create narrative elements that do not have to rely on history or nature to be coherent. This differs from realistic fiction in that whereas realistic fiction has to attend to the history and natural laws of reality, an author applies his or her imagination to come up with characters, plots, and settings that are impossible in reality. Fantasy has often compared with science fiction and horror because they are the major categories of speculative fiction. Fantasy is distinguished from science fiction by the plausibility of the narrative elements, a science fiction narrative is unlikely, though seeming possible through logical scientific and/or technological extrapolation, whereas fantasy narratives do not need to be scientifically possible. The imagined elements of fantasy do not need an explanation to be narratively functional. Authors have to rely on the suspension of disbelief, an acceptance of the unbelievable or impossible for the sake of enjoyment. Despite both genres heavy reliance on the supernatural, fantasy and horror are distinguishable, horror primarily evokes fear through the protagonists weaknesses or inability to deal with the antagonists. Beginning perhaps with the earliest written documents, mythic and other elements that would come to define fantasy. MacDonald was an influence on both J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. The other major fantasy author of this era was William Morris, lord Dunsany established the genres popularity in both the novel and the short story form. Many popular mainstream authors also began to write fantasy at this time, including H. Rider Haggard, Rudyard Kipling and Edgar Rice Burroughs. Indeed, juvenile fantasy was considered more acceptable than fantasy intended for adults, nathaniel Hawthorne wrote fantasy in A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys, intended for children, though works for adults only verged on fantasy. Political and social trends can affect a societys reception towards fantasy, in the early 20th century, the New Culture Movements enthusiasm for Westernization and science in China compelled them to condemn the fantastical shenmo genre of traditional Chinese literature
Fantasy fiction
–
Fairy tales and legends, such as
Dobrynya Nikitich 's rescue of Zabava Putyatichna from the dragon
Gorynych, have been an important source for fantasy.
Fantasy fiction
–
Many works are unclear as to the belief of the authors in the marvels they contain, as in the enchanted garden from the
Decameron.
5.
Henry Kuttner
–
Henry Kuttner was an American author of science fiction, fantasy and horror. Henry Kuttner was born in Los Angeles, California in 1915, Henry Kuttners great-grandfather was the scholar Josua Heschel Kuttner. Kuttner grew up in relative poverty following the death of his father, as a young man he worked for the literary agency of his uncle, Laurence DOrsay, in Los Angeles before selling his first story, The Graveyard Rats, to Weird Tales in early 1936. Alfred Bester told this anecdote about Kuttner, Mort Weisinger introduced me to the informal gatherings of the working science fiction authors of the late thirties. I met Henry Kuttner, whom Bester described as medium-sized, very quiet and courteous, once I broke Kuttner up quite unintentionally. I said to Weisinger, Ive just finished a story that takes place in a spaceless, timeless locale where theres no objective reality. Its awfully long,20,000 words, but I can cut the first 5,000, apart from the flesh-eating animals, Masson eventually comes face-to-face with a burrowing zombie-like creature. This often-anthologized tale made recent appearances in The Gruesome Book, edited by Ramsey Campbell, other Kuttner stories are also tinged with Lovecraftian horror. Rats was also adapted as part of the anthology film Trilogy of Terror II. Kuttner was known for his prose and worked in close collaboration with his wife. They met through their association with the Lovecraft Circle, a group of writers and their work together spanned the 1940s and 1950s and most of the work was credited to pseudonyms, mainly Lewis Padgett and Lawrence ODonnell. Both freely admitted that they collaborated in part because his page rate was higher than hers, in fact, several people have written or said that she wrote three stories which were published under his name. Clash by Night and The Portal in the Picture are sometimes attributed to her, according to de Camp, it was typical for either partner to break off from a story in mid-paragraph or even mid-sentence, with the latest page of the manuscript still in the typewriter. The other spouse would routinely continue the story where the first had left off and they alternated in this manner as many times as necessary until the story was finished. These stories were collected in Robots Have No Tails. In her introduction to the 1973 Lancer Books edition, Moore stated that Kuttner wrote all the Gallegher stories himself, in 2007, New Line Cinema released a feature film loosely based on the Lewis Padgett short story Mimsy Were the Borogoves under the title The Last Mimzy. In addition, The Best of Henry Kuttner was republished under the title The Last Mimzy Stories, marion Zimmer Bradley is among many authors who have cited Kuttner as an influence. Her novel The Bloody Sun is dedicated to him, roger Zelazny has talked about the influence of The Dark World on his Amber series
Henry Kuttner
–
Henry Kuttner
Henry Kuttner
–
Kuttner's novelette "Avengers of Space" took the cover for the debut issue of
Marvel Science Stories in 1938
Henry Kuttner
–
Another Elak story, "Beyond the Phoenix," was cover-featured in the October 1938 Weird Tales
6.
American people
–
Americans are citizens of the United States of America. The country is home to people of different national origins. As a result, Americans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, although citizens make up the majority of Americans, non-citizen residents, dual citizens, and expatriates may also claim an American identity. See Names for United States citizens. S, virgin Islands and Northern Mariana Islands in the 20th century. It also includes influences of African-American culture, westward expansion integrated the Creoles and Cajuns of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the culture of Mexico. Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from Southern and Eastern Europe introduced a variety of elements, immigration from Asia, Africa, and Latin America has also had impact. A cultural melting pot, or pluralistic salad bowl, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics, in addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, the United States of America is a diverse country, racially, and ethnically. Some other race is also an option in the census and other surveys, people of European descent, or White Americans, constitute the majority of the 308 million people living in the United States, with 72. 4% of the population in the 2010 United States Census. They are considered people who trace their ancestry to the peoples of Europe, the Middle East. Of those reporting to be White American,7,487,133 reported to be Multiracial, with largest combination being white, additionally, there are 29,184,290 White Hispanics or Latinos. Non-Hispanic Whites are the majority in 46 states, there are four minority-majority states, California, Texas, New Mexico, and Hawaii. In addition, the District of Columbia has a non-white majority, the state with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic White Americans is Maine. The largest continental ancestral group of Americans are that of Europeans who have origins in any of the peoples of Europe. This includes people via African, North American, Caribbean, Central American or South American and Oceanian nations that have a large European diaspora, the Spanish were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the United States. Martín de Argüelles born 1566, San Agustín, La Florida, was the first person of European descent born in what is now the United States. Twenty-one years later, Virginia Dare born 1587 Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina, was the first child born in the Thirteen Colonies to English parents. 8% of the total population, Hispanic or Latino Americans constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States. They form the second largest group after non-Hispanic Whites in the United States, hispanic/Latino Americans are very racially diverse, and as a result form an ethnic category, rather than a race
American people
–
John F. Kennedy (Irish)
American people
–
Flag of the United States
American people
–
George Washington (English)
American people
–
Frank Sinatra (Italian)
7.
Fantasy
–
Fantasy is a fiction genre set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Most fantasy uses magic or other elements as a main plot element, theme. Magic and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds, in popular culture, the fantasy genre is predominantly of the medievalist form. In its broadest sense, however, fantasy works by many writers, artists, filmmakers. Fantasy is studied in a number of disciplines including English and other studies, cultural studies, comparative literature, history. The identifying trait of fantasy is the reliance on imagination to create narrative elements that do not have to rely on history or nature to be coherent. This differs from realistic fiction in that whereas realistic fiction has to attend to the history and natural laws of reality, an author applies his or her imagination to come up with characters, plots, and settings that are impossible in reality. Fantasy has often compared with science fiction and horror because they are the major categories of speculative fiction. Fantasy is distinguished from science fiction by the plausibility of the narrative elements, a science fiction narrative is unlikely, though seeming possible through logical scientific and/or technological extrapolation, whereas fantasy narratives do not need to be scientifically possible. The imagined elements of fantasy do not need an explanation to be narratively functional. Authors have to rely on the suspension of disbelief, an acceptance of the unbelievable or impossible for the sake of enjoyment. Despite both genres heavy reliance on the supernatural, fantasy and horror are distinguishable, horror primarily evokes fear through the protagonists weaknesses or inability to deal with the antagonists. Beginning perhaps with the earliest written documents, mythic and other elements that would come to define fantasy. MacDonald was an influence on both J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. The other major fantasy author of this era was William Morris, lord Dunsany established the genres popularity in both the novel and the short story form. Many popular mainstream authors also began to write fantasy at this time, including H. Rider Haggard, Rudyard Kipling and Edgar Rice Burroughs. Indeed, juvenile fantasy was considered more acceptable than fantasy intended for adults, nathaniel Hawthorne wrote fantasy in A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys, intended for children, though works for adults only verged on fantasy. Political and social trends can affect a societys reception towards fantasy, in the early 20th century, the New Culture Movements enthusiasm for Westernization and science in China compelled them to condemn the fantastical shenmo genre of traditional Chinese literature
Fantasy
–
Fairy tales and legends, such as
Dobrynya Nikitich 's rescue of Zabava Putyatichna from the dragon
Gorynych, have been an important source for fantasy.
Fantasy
–
Many works are unclear as to the belief of the authors in the marvels they contain, as in the enchanted garden from the
Decameron.
8.
Clare Winger Harris
–
Clare Winger Harris was an early science fiction writer whose short stories were published during the 1920s. She is credited as the first woman to publish stories under her own name in science fiction magazines and her stories often dealt with characters on the borders of humanity such as cyborgs. Harris began publishing in 1926, and soon became well liked by readers and she sold a total of eleven stories, which were collected in 1947 as Away From the Here and Now. Her gender was a surprise to Gernsback, the editor who first bought her work, clare Winger was born on January 18,1891, in Freeport, Illinois and later attended Smith College in Massachusetts. In 1912 she married Frank Clyde Harris, Harris gave birth to three sons. She died in Pasadena, California in 1968, Harris wrote her most acclaimed works during the 1920s. In 1930, she stopped writing to raise and educate her children, Harris published her first short story, The Runaway World, in the July 1926 issue of Weird Tales. In December of that year, she submitted a story for a contest being run by Amazing Stories editor Hugo Gernsback, Harriss story, The Fate of the Poseidonia, placed third. Harris soon became one of Gernbacks most popular writers, Harris eventually published eleven short stories in pulp magazines, most of them in Amazing Stories. In 1947 Harriss short stories were collected under the title Away from the Here and she wrote one novel, Persephone of Eleusis, A Romance of Ancient Greece. But the exception, as usual, proves the rule, the exception in this case being extraordinarily impressive, for many years Harris claimed to have been the first woman science-fiction writer in the United States. While this can be debated, Harris is recognized as the first woman to publish stories in science fiction magazines under her own name, even though Harris published only a handful of stories, almost all of them have been reprinted over the years. Lupoff also wrote that hile todays reader may find her prose creaky and old-fashioned, the Fate of the Poseidonia has also been reprinted a number of times and is credited as an early example of a science fiction story with a heroic female lead character. Other of Harriss stories are noted for featuring strong female characters, such as Sylvia. Harris also wrote one story utilizing a point of view. Persephone of Eleusis, A Romance of Ancient Greece Away from the Here and Now, Stories in Pseudo-Science. A Runaway World The Fate of the Poseidonia A Certain Soldier The Fifth Dimension The Menace From Mars The Miracle of the Lily The Artificial Man A Baby on Neptune with Miles J. Breuer, M. D
Clare Winger Harris
–
Clare Winger Harris, as pictured in the 1929 debut issue of
Science Wonder Quarterly
Clare Winger Harris
–
Cover of the April 1928 issue of
Amazing Stories, which featured Clare Winger Harris's classic short story "The Miracle of the Lily."
9.
Greye La Spina
–
Greye La Spina was an American writer who published over one hundred short stories, serials, novelettes, and one-act plays. Her stories appeared in Metropolitan, Black Mask, Action Stories, Ten-Story Book, The Thrill Book, Weird Tales, Modern Marriage, Top-Notch Magazine, All-Story, Photoplay, La Spina was born Fanny Greye Bragg on July 10,1880 in Wakefield, Massachusetts. Her father was a Methodist clergyman and she was married to Ralph Geissler in 1898 and gave birth to a daughter, Celia, two years later. The following year, her husband died, in 1910 she married Baron Robert La Spina, an Italian aristocrat. Her first supernatural story, The Wolf on the Steppes was sold to Thrill Book in 1919 and she won second place in Photoplay magazines 1921 short story contest gaining her a $2,500 prize. Her first book, Invaders from the Dark, was published by Arkham House in 1960, weaver of Weird Tales, Greye La Spina in his Doors to Elsewhere. Cheadle, Staffordshire, UK, Alchemy Press,2013, pp. 45–61, Works by Greye La Spina at Project Gutenberg Works by Greye La Spina at LibriVox Greye La Spina at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Greye La Spina
–
La Spina's "A Suitor from the Shades" was the cover story in the June 1927 Weird Tales
10.
Gertrude Barrows Bennett
–
Gertrude Barrows Bennett was the first major female writer of fantasy and science fiction in the United States, publishing her stories under the pseudonym Francis Stevens. Bennett wrote a number of highly acclaimed fantasies between 1917 and 1923 and has called the woman who invented dark fantasy. Her most famous books include Claimed and the lost world novel The Citadel of Fear, Bennett also wrote an early dystopian novel, The Heads of Cerberus. Gertrude Mabel Barrows was born in Minneapolis in 1883 and she completed school through the eighth grade, then attended night school in hopes of becoming an illustrator. Instead, she working as a stenographer, a job she held on. In 1909 Barrows married Stewart Bennett, a British journalist and explorer, a year later her husband died while on an expedition. With a new-born daughter to raise, Bennett continued working as a stenographer, when her father died toward the end of World War I, Bennett assumed care for her invalid mother. During this time period Bennett began to write a number of stories and novels. In the mid-1920s, she moved to California, because Bennett was estranged from her daughter, for a number of years researchers believed Bennett died in 1939. However, new research, including her death certificate, shows that she died in 1948, Bennett wrote her first short story at age 17, a science fiction story titled The Curious Experience of Thomas Dunbar. She mailed the story to Argosy, then one of the top pulp magazines, the story was accepted and published in the March 1904 issue. Once Bennett began to care of her mother, she decided to return to fiction writing as a means of supporting her family. The first story she completed after her return to writing was the novella The Nightmare, the story is set on an island separated from the rest of the world, on which evolution has taken a different course. The Nightmare resembles Edgar Rice Burroughs The Land That Time Forgot, while Bennett had submitted The Nightmare under her own name, she had asked to use a pseudonym if it was published. The magazines editor chose not to use the pseudonym Bennett suggested, when readers responded positively to the story, Bennett chose to continue writing under the name. Over the next few years, Bennett wrote a number of short stories and her short story Friend Island, for example, is set in a 22nd-century ruled by women. Another story is the novella Serapion, about a man possessed by a supernatural creature and this story has been released in an electronic book entitled Possessed, A Tale of the Demon Serapion, with three other stories by her. Many of her stories have been collected in The Nightmare
Gertrude Barrows Bennett
–
Cover of Gertrude Barrows Bennett's (writing as Francis Stevens) short story collection The Nightmare and Other Tales of Dark Fantasy, University of Nebraska Press, 2004.
11.
Speculative fiction
–
Speculative fiction as a category ranges from ancient works to both cutting edge, paradigm-changing and neotraditional works of the 21st century. In historiography, what is now called speculative fiction has previously been termed historical invention, historical fiction, such supernatural, alternate history and sexuality themes continue in works produced within the modern speculative fiction genre. In its English language usage in arts and literature since 20th century, a variation on this term is speculative literature. It fell into disuse around the mid-1970s, the Internet Speculative Fiction Database contains a broad list of different subtypes. In the 2000s, the term came into use as a convenient collective term for a set of genres. However, some writers, such as Margaret Atwood, continue to maintain a distinction between speculative fiction as a no Martians type of fiction, about things that really could happen. Academic journals which publish essays on speculative fiction include Extrapolation, according to publisher statistics, men outnumber women about two to one among English-language speculative fiction writers aiming for professional publication. However, the percentages vary considerably by genre, with women outnumbering men in the fields of urban fantasy, paranormal romance and young adult fiction
Speculative fiction
–
Speculative fiction
12.
Pseudonym
–
A pseudonym or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which can differ from their original or true name. Historically, they have taken the form of anagrams, Graecisms. Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones, actors, musicians, and other performers sometimes use stage names, for example, to mask their ethnic backgrounds. A collective name or collective pseudonym is one shared by two or more persons, for example the co-authors of a work, such as Ellery Queen, the term is derived from the Greek ψευδώνυμον, literally false name, from ψεῦδος, lie, falsehood and ὄνομα, name. A pseudonym is distinct from an allonym, which is the name of another person and this may occur when someone is ghostwriting a book or play, or in parody, or when using a front name, such as by screenwriters blacklisted in Hollywood in the 1950s and 1960s. See also pseudepigraph, for falsely attributed authorship, sometimes people change their name in such a manner that the new name becomes permanent and is used by all who know the person. This is not an alias or pseudonym, but in fact a new name, in many countries, including common law countries, a name change can be ratified by a court and become a persons new legal name. He then changed his name again to Malik El-Shabazz when he converted to Islam, likewise some Jews adopted Hebrew family names upon immigrating to Israel, dropping surnames that had been in their families for generations. The politician David Ben-Gurion, for example, was born David Grün in Poland and he adopted his Hebrew name in 1910, when he published his first article in a Zionist journal in Jerusalem. Criminals may use aliases, fictitious business names, and dummy corporations to hide their identity, a pen name, or nom de plume, is a pseudonym adopted by an author. Some female authors used male pen names, in particular in the 19th century, the Brontë family used pen names for their early work, so as not to reveal their gender and so that local residents would not know that the books related to people of the neighbourhood. The Brontës used their neighbours as inspiration for characters in many of their books, anne Brontë published The Tenant of Wildfell Hall under the name Acton Bell. Charlotte Brontë published Shirley and Jane Eyre under the name Currer Bell, emily Brontë published Wuthering Heights as Ellis Bell. A well-known example of the former is Mary Ann Evans, who wrote as George Eliot, Another example is Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin, a 19th-century French writer who used the pen name George Sand. In contrast, some twentieth and twenty first century male romance novelists have used pen names. A few examples of male authors using female pseudonyms include Brindle Chase, Peter ODonnell and Christopher Wood. A pen name may be used if a real name is likely to be confused with the name of another writer or notable individual. Authors who write both fiction and non-fiction, or in different genres, may use different pen names to avoid confusing their readers, in some cases, an author may become better known by his pen name than his real name
Pseudonym
–
A young
George Sand (real name "Amantine Lucile Dupin")
13.
Indianapolis, Indiana
–
Indianapolis, is the capital and largest city of the U. S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. It is in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States, with an estimated population of 853,173 in 2015, Indianapolis is the second most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, and 14th largest in the U. S. The city is the economic and cultural center of the Indianapolis metropolitan area, home to 2 million people and its combined statistical area ranks 26th, with 2.4 million inhabitants. Indianapolis covers 372 square miles, making it the 16th largest city by area in the U. S. The city grew beyond the Mile Square, as completion of the National Road and advent of the railroad solidified the position as a manufacturing. Indianapolis is within a single-day drive of 70 percent of the nations population, Indianapolis has developed niche markets in amateur sports and auto racing. The city is perhaps best known for hosting the worlds largest single-day sporting event. The city is notable as headquarters for the American Legion and home to a significant collection of monuments dedicated to veterans and war dead, the most in the U. S. outside of Washington, D. C. Since the 1970 city-county consolidation, known as Unigov, local government administration has operated under the direction of an elected 25-member city-county council, Indianapolis is considered a high sufficiency global city. In 1816, the year Indiana gained statehood, the U. S. Congress donated four sections of land to establish a permanent seat of state government. Two years later, under the Treaty of St. Marys and this tract of land, which was called the New Purchase, included the site selected for the new state capital in 1820. The availability of new lands for purchase in central Indiana attracted settlers. Although many of these first European and American setters were Protestants, few African Americans lived in central Indiana before 1840. The first European Americans to permanently settle in the area that became Indianapolis were either the McCormick or Pogue families, on January 11,1820, the Indiana General Assembly authorized a committee to select a site in central Indiana for the new state capital. The state legislature approved the site, adopting the name Indianapolis on January 6,1821, in April, Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham were appointed to survey and design a town plan for the new settlement. Indianapolis became a seat of county government on December 31,1821, a combined county and town government continued until 1832, when Indianapolis incorporated as a town. Indianapolis became an incorporated city effective March 30,1847, Samuel Henderson, the citys first mayor, led the new city government, which included a seven-member city council. In 1853, voters approved a new city charter provided for an elected mayor
Indianapolis, Indiana
–
The
Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument looms over the intersection of
Washington and
Meridian streets (1904).
Indianapolis, Indiana
–
Clockwise from top:
Downtown Indianapolis skyline, as seen from
IUPUI, the
Indiana Statehouse,
Lucas Oil Stadium,
Indianapolis Motor Speedway, the
Indiana World War Memorial Plaza, and the
Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument.
Indianapolis, Indiana
–
The inaugural Indy 500 (1911).
Indianapolis, Indiana
–
Athletes at Pan American Games X (1987).
14.
Great Depression in the United States
–
The Great Depression was the worst economic times in American history. Though, it was not just in the United States it was a world wide conundrum, Great Depression began in August 1929, when the United States economy first went into an economic recession. Although the country spent two months with declining Gross Domestic Product, the Gross Domestic Rate is a very important part of the United States economy. It is so important because it represents each total dollar value of all goods and it was not until the Wall Street Crash in October 1929 that the effects of a declining economy were felt, and a major worldwide economic downturn ensued. The market crash marked the beginning of a decade of unemployment, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging farm incomes. Although its causes are uncertain and controversial, the net effect was a sudden. The economy reached bottom in the winter of 1932–33, then four years of very rapid growth until 1937. The Depression caused major changes in America. Three years into the depression, President Herbert Hoover, widely blamed for not doing enough to combat the crisis, Roosevelts economic recovery plan, the New Deal, instituted unprecedented programs for relief, recovery and reform, and brought about a major realignment of American politics. The Depression also resulted in an increase of emigration of people to countries for the first time in American history. For example, some went back to their native countries, and some native US citizens went to Canada, Australia. It also resulted in the migration of people from badly hit areas in the Great Plains and the South to places such as California. Racial tensions also increased during this time, by the 1940s immigration had returned to normal, and emigration declined. A well-known example of an emigrant was Frank McCourt, who went to Ireland and it also shaped modern American literature, resulting in famous novels such as John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men. Banks began to fail in October 1930 when farmers defaulted on loans, there was no federal deposit insurance during that time as bank failures were considered quite common. This worried depositors that they might have a chance of losing all their savings, therefore, people started to withdraw money, the decreased money supply further aggravated price deflation, putting further pressure on already struggling businesses. The U. S. paper value lost an astonishing 40% value loss, the US governments commitment to the gold standard prevented it from engaging in expansionary monetary policy. High interest rates needed to be maintained, in order to attract investors who bought foreign assets with gold
Great Depression in the United States
–
The
Great Depression of the 1930s started with the stock market crash of October 1929.
Great Depression in the United States
–
USA annual real GDP 1910–60, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–1939) highlighted.
Great Depression in the United States
–
A $10 US
Gold certificate. The U.S. used the
Gold standard until 1934 and controlled nearly half of the global gold supply during the inter-war period.
Great Depression in the United States
–
Huts and unemployed men in New York City, 1935.
15.
Pulp magazines
–
Pulp magazines were inexpensive fiction magazines that were published from 1896 to the 1950s. The term pulp derives from the wood pulp paper on which the magazines were printed, in contrast. The typical pulp magazine had 128 pages, it was 7 inches wide by 10 inches high, the pulps gave rise to the term pulp fiction in reference to run-of-the-mill, low-quality literature. Pulps were the successors to the penny dreadfuls, dime novels, although many respected writers wrote for pulps, the magazines were best known for their lurid, exploitative, and sensational subject matter. The first pulp was Frank Munseys revamped Argosy Magazine of 1896, with about 135,000 words per issue, on paper with untrimmed edges. In six years Argosy went from a few thousand copies per month to over half a million, Street & Smith, a dime novel and boys weekly publisher, was next on the market. Seeing Argosys success, they launched The Popular Magazine in 1903, due to differences in page layout however, the magazine had substantially less text than Argosy. Haggards Lost World genre influenced several key pulp writers, including Edgar Rice Burroughs, Robert E. Howard, Talbot Mundy and Abraham Merritt. Street and Smiths next innovation was the introduction of specialized genre pulps, with each focusing on a particular genre, such as detective stories, romance. At their peak of popularity in the 1920s and 1930s, the most successful pulps could sell up to one million copies per issue, in 1934, Frank Gruber says there were some 150 pulp titles. The most successful pulp magazines were Argosy, Adventure, Blue Book and Short Stories, although pulp magazines were primarily an American phenomenon, there were also a number of British pulp magazines published between the Edwardian era and World War II. Notable UK pulps included Pall Mall Magazine, The Novel Magazine, Cassells Magazine, The Story-Teller, The Sovereign Magazine, Hutchinsons Adventure-Story and Hutchinsons Mystery-Story. The German fantasy magazine Der Orchideengarten had a format to American pulp magazines, in that it was printed on rough pulp paper. During the Second World War paper shortages had a impact on pulp production, starting a steady rise in costs. Beginning with Ellery Queens Mystery Magazine in 1941, pulp magazines began to switch to digest size, in 1949, Street & Smith closed most of their pulp magazines in order to move upmarket and produce slicks. The pulp format declined from rising expenses, but even more due to the competition from comic books, television. In a more affluent post-war America, the price gap compared to slick magazines was far less significant, in the 1950s, mens adventure magazines began to replace the pulp. The format is still in use for some lengthy serials, like the German science fiction weekly Perry Rhodan, many titles of course survived only briefly
Pulp magazines
–
Cover of the pulp magazine Spicy Detective Stories (April 1935, vol. 2, no. 6) featuring "Bullet from Nowhere" by
Robert Leslie Bellem
Pulp magazines
–
Cover of the pulp magazine Dime Mystery Book Magazine, January 1933
16.
Weird Tales
–
Weird Tales is an American fantasy and horror fiction pulp magazine founded by J. C. Henneberger and J. M. Lansinger in March 1923, Henneberger sold his interest in the publisher, Rural Publishing Corporation, to Lansinger and refinanced Weird Tales, with Farnsworth Wright as the new editor. The first issue under Wrights control was dated November 1924, the magazine was more successful under Wright, and despite occasional financial setbacks it prospered over the next fifteen years. Under Wrights control the magazine lived up to its subtitle, The Unique Magazine, Lovecrafts Cthulhu mythos stories first appeared in Weird Tales, starting with The Call of Cthulhu in 1928. These were well-received, and a group of associated with Lovecraft wrote other stories set in the same milieu. Other well-liked authors included Nictzin Dyalhis, E. Hoffman Price, Robert Bloch, Edmond Hamilton wrote a good deal of science fiction for Weird Tales, though after a few years he used the magazine for his more fantastic stories, and submitted his space operas elsewhere. In 1938 the magazine was sold to William Delaney, the publisher of Short Stories, Weird Tales ceased publication in 1954, but since then numerous attempts have been made to relaunch the magazine, starting in 1973. The longest-lasting version began in 1988 and ran with a hiatus for over 20 years under an assortment of publishers. In the mid-1990s the title was changed to Worlds of Fantasy & Horror because of licensing issues, as of 2016, the most recent published issue was dated Spring 2014. In the late 19th century popular magazines typically did not print fiction to the exclusion of content, they would include non-fiction articles. In October 1896, the Frank A. Munsey companys Argosy magazine was the first to switch to printing only fiction and this is now regarded by magazine historians as having been the start of the pulp magazine era. Other titles that specialized in particular fiction genres followed, starting in 1915 with Detective Story Magazine, with Western Story Magazine following in 1919. C Henneberger, a journalist and magazine editor who had been publishing College Humor and Magazine of Fun, formed Rural Publishing Corporation of Chicago and their first venture was Detective Tales, a pulp magazine that appeared twice a month, starting with the October 1,1922 issue. It was initially unsuccessful, and as part of a refinancing plan Henneberger decided to publish another magazine that would allow him to some of his costs between the two titles. Henneberger had long been an admirer of Edgar Allan Poe, so he created a magazine that would focus on horror. Henneberger chose Edwin Baird, the editor of Detective Tales, to edit Weird Tales, Farnsworth Wright was first reader, and Otis Adelbert Kline also worked on the magazine, assisting Baird. Payment rates were low, usually between a quarter and a cent per word, the budget went up to one cent per word for the most popular writers. Sales were initially poor, and Henneberger soon decided to change the format from the standard size to large pulp
Weird Tales
–
The cover of Weird Tales issue May 1934 featuring
Queen of the Black Coast, one of
Robert E. Howard 's original stories about
Conan the Barbarian.
Weird Tales
–
Cover of the June 1936 issue. Cover art by
Margaret Brundage.
Weird Tales
–
Cover of the September 1954 issue. Cover art by
Virgil Finlay (reprint from August 1939)
17.
Northwest Smith
–
Northwest Smith is a fictional character, and the hero of a series of stories by science fiction writer C. L. Moore. Smith is a pilot and smuggler who lives in an undisclosed future time when humanity has colonized the solar system. The stories are set in a common to science fiction stories of the pulp era. All of the planets of the system are able to support life and have their own civilizations, many of the intelligent races living on the planets have comparatively primitive cultures. The relationship of the planetary primitives to the colonists is analogous to the situation of Native Americans, Africans. Exceptions to this rule are the planets Mars and Venus which Moore depicts as having ancient and decadent cultures and this general milieu was shared by a number of other writers, including Moores friends Edmond Hamilton and Leigh Brackett. By profession, Smith is an outlaw who lives by a variety of criminal means, by nature, he is an anti-hero, ruthless, self-serving, and cynical. Despite this, he has a core of goodness and often does the thing in spite of himself. Smith is described as a dark haired man with space bronzed skin and pale eyes and his ship, the Maid, is small and unspectacular but surprisingly fast and agile. His closest ally is the equally amoral Venusian, Yarol and his stories often involve ancient alien beings who have been worshipped as gods. This theme is similar to the tales of H. P. Lovecraft though, unlike Lovecrafts tales, the classic Northwest Smith story is Shambleau in which Moore plays with themes of sexuality and addiction in Smiths encounter with a strange female alien. The story Quest of the Starstone is also worth noting because it connects Smith with Moores other most famous character, Moore originally created Smith as a western character and kept the name when she switched to science fiction. She reportedly liked the absurdity of a character named Northwest in space, Moore traced the origin of the characters name to the typing work which she was doing for a living while writing Shambleau and which included a letter addressed to a Mr. N. W. The Northwest Smith stories include the following, Shambleau, on Mars, Northwest rescues a strange, beautiful girl from the Lakkdarol mob. A Minga woman invites Northwest into the forbidden Venusian fortress where she lives and it turns out to be even larger than expected. An oddly-patterned shawl that Northwest picks up in Lakkdarol gives him unpleasant dreams, Northwest and Yarol take a job searching for the physical remnants of a dead god in northern Mars. Northwest takes a turn in the ruins of Vonng, Venus. In the polar city of Righa on Mars, Northwest meets a Venusian lady who isnt quite herself, Northwest and Yarol go looking to capture slave-women on one of Jupiters moons and find out more about themselves
Northwest Smith
–
Cover to a
hardback edition of Northwest of Earth
18.
Solar System
–
The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system comprising the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly. Of those objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest eight are the planets, with the remainder being significantly smaller objects, such as dwarf planets, of the objects that orbit the Sun indirectly, the moons, two are larger than the smallest planet, Mercury. The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from the collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority of the mass is in the Sun. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being composed of rock. The four outer planets are giant planets, being more massive than the terrestrials. All planets have almost circular orbits that lie within a flat disc called the ecliptic. The Solar System also contains smaller objects, the asteroid belt, which lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, mostly contains objects composed, like the terrestrial planets, of rock and metal. Beyond Neptunes orbit lie the Kuiper belt and scattered disc, which are populations of trans-Neptunian objects composed mostly of ices, within these populations are several dozen to possibly tens of thousands of objects large enough that they have been rounded by their own gravity. Such objects are categorized as dwarf planets, identified dwarf planets include the asteroid Ceres and the trans-Neptunian objects Pluto and Eris. In addition to two regions, various other small-body populations, including comets, centaurs and interplanetary dust clouds. Six of the planets, at least four of the dwarf planets, each of the outer planets is encircled by planetary rings of dust and other small objects. The solar wind, a stream of charged particles flowing outwards from the Sun, the heliopause is the point at which pressure from the solar wind is equal to the opposing pressure of the interstellar medium, it extends out to the edge of the scattered disc. The Oort cloud, which is thought to be the source for long-period comets, the Solar System is located in the Orion Arm,26,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way. For most of history, humanity did not recognize or understand the concept of the Solar System, the invention of the telescope led to the discovery of further planets and moons. The principal component of the Solar System is the Sun, a G2 main-sequence star that contains 99. 86% of the known mass. The Suns four largest orbiting bodies, the giant planets, account for 99% of the mass, with Jupiter. The remaining objects of the Solar System together comprise less than 0. 002% of the Solar Systems total mass, most large objects in orbit around the Sun lie near the plane of Earths orbit, known as the ecliptic
Solar System
–
The
Sun and
planets of the Solar System (distances not to scale)
Solar System
–
Solar System
Solar System
–
Andreas Cellarius 's illustration of the Copernican system, from the Harmonia Macrocosmica (1660)
Solar System
–
The eight planets of the Solar System (by decreasing size) are
Jupiter,
Saturn,
Uranus,
Neptune,
Earth,
Venus,
Mars and
Mercury.
19.
Jirel of Joiry
–
Jirel of Joiry is a fictional character created by American writer C. L. Moore, who appeared in a series of sword and sorcery stories published first in the pulp horror/fantasy magazine Weird Tales. Jirel is the proud, tough, arrogant and beautiful ruler of her own domain — apparently somewhere in medieval France and her adventures continually involve her in dangerous brushes with the supernatural. These stories are the first to show the influence of Robert E. Howard on sword and sorcery, all six appear in a collected edition under Paizo Publishings Planet Stories imprint, compiled under the title Black Gods Kiss. Moore, C. L. Jirel of Joiry, Moore, C. L. Jirel of Joiry. Moore, C. L. Black Gods and Scarlet Dreams, collects all of the Jirel and Northwest Smith stories except Quest of the Starstone Moore, C. L. Black Gods Kiss
Jirel of Joiry
–
Cover of the October 1934 issue of Weird Tales, featuring the first Jirel of Joiry story "Black God's Kiss".
20.
Sword-and-sorcery
–
Sword and sorcery is a subgenre of fantasy generally characterized by sword-wielding heroes engaged in exciting and violent conflicts. An element of romance is often present, as is an element of magic, unlike works of high fantasy, the tales, though dramatic, focus mainly on personal battles rather than world-endangering matters. Sword and sorcery commonly overlaps with heroic fantasy, a film genre tangentially related to sword and sorcery, at least in name, is sword-and-sandal, though its subjects are generally oriented to biblical times and early history, instead of fantasy. Not to be confused with cloak and dagger or cloak and sword and he had initially proposed the term epic fantasy. However, the celebrated American sword-and-sorcery author Fritz Leiber replied in the journal Ancalagon suggesting and he expanded on this in the July 1961 issue of Amra, commenting, I feel more certain than ever that this field should be called the sword-and-sorcery story. This accurately describes the points of culture-level and supernatural element and also distinguishes it from the cloak-and-sword story—and from the cloak-and-dagger story too. Since its inception, many attempts have been made to redefine precisely what sword, although many have debated the finer points, the consensus characterizes it by a strong bias toward fast-paced, action-rich tales set within a quasi-mythical or fantastical framework. Unlike high fantasy, the stakes in sword and sorcery tend to be personal, settings are typically exotic, and protagonists often morally compromised. Many sword and sorcery tales have been turned into a series of adventures. Their lower stakes and less-than world-threatening dangers make this more plausible than a repetition of the perils of epic fantasy, so too does the nature of the heroes, most sword-and-sorcery protagonists, travellers by nature, find peace after adventure deathly dull. At one extreme, the heroes of E. R. Sword and sorcery ultimately draws from mythology and classical epics such as Homers Odyssey and it is also influenced by historical fiction. Sir Walter Scott, under the influence of romantic collection of folklore and ballads, however, very few of his writings contain fantastic elements, in most, the appearance of such is explained away. However, its themes of adventure in a strange society influenced the adventures set in foreign lands by H. Rider Haggard, haggards works included many fantastic elements. However, these historical swashbucklers lack the supernatural element that defines the genre. Another influence was early fantasy fiction such as Lord Dunsanys The Fortress Unvanquishable, Save for Sacnoth, all of these authors influenced sword and sorcery for the plots, characters, and landscapes used. In addition, many sword and sorcery writers, such as Robert E. Sword and sorcery proper only truly began in the pulp fantasy magazines. Particularly important was the magazine Weird Tales, which published Howards Conan stories and C. L. Moores Jirel of Joiry tales, as well as key S&S influences like Lovecraft and Clark Ashton Smith. The genre has been defined, strongly, by the work of Robert E. Howard, particularly his tales of Conan the Barbarian and Kull of Atlantis, mostly in Weird Tales from 1932 and 1929 respectively
Sword-and-sorcery
–
Fantasy
21.
Forrest J Ackerman
–
He was based in Los Angeles, California. During his career as an agent, Ackerman represented such science fiction authors as Ray Bradbury, Isaac Asimov, A. E. Van Vogt, Curt Siodmak. He was, for seven decades, one of science fictions staunchest spokesmen. Ackerman was the editor and principal writer of the American magazine Famous Monsters of Filmland, as well as an actor, and Charles Beaumont, The Short Life of Twilight Zones Magic Man, about the late author Charles Beaumont, a former client of The Ackerman Agency. Famous for his play and neologisms, he coined the genre nickname sci-fi. In 1953, he was voted #1 Fan Personality by the members of the World Science Fiction Society and he was also among the first and most outspoken advocates of Esperanto in the science fiction community. Ackerman was born Forrest James Ackerman, on November 24,1916, in Los Angeles, to Carroll Cridland and his father was from New York and his mother was from Ohio, she was nine years older than William. His name was used for the character of the reporter in the original Superman story The Reign of the Superman in issue 3 of Science Fiction magazine and he was one of the early members of the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society, and remained active in it for many decades. He attended the 1st World Science Fiction Convention in 1939, where he wore the first futuristicostume and sparked fan costuming and he attended every Worldcon but two thereafter during his lifetime. Ackerman invited Ray Bradbury to attend the Los Angeles Chapter of the Science Fiction League, the club changed its name to the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society during the period it was meeting at the restaurant. Among the writers frequenting the club were Robert A. Heinlein, Emil Petaja, Fredric Brown, Henry Kuttner, Leigh Brackett, Bradbury often attended meetings with his friend Ray Harryhausen, the two Rays had been introduced to each other by Ackerman. With $90 from Ackerman, Bradbury launched a fanzine, Futuria Fantasia and this second house, in the Los Feliz district of Los Angeles, contained some 300,000 books and pieces of movie and science-fiction memorabilia. From 1951 to 2002, Ackerman entertained some 50,000 fans at open houses - including, on one such evening, Ackerman was a board member of the Seattle Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame, where many items of his collection are now displayed. He knew most of the writers of fiction in the first half of the twentieth-century. As a literary agent, he represented some 200 writers, and he served as agent of record for many long lost authors and he was Ed Woods illiterary agent. Ackerman was credited with nurturing and even inspiring the careers of several early contemporaries like Ray Bradbury, Ray Harryhausen, Charles Beaumont, Marion Zimmer Bradley and his stories have been translated into six languages. Ackerman named the sexy comic-book character Vampirella and wrote the story for the comic. He also authored several lesbian stories under the name Laurajean Ermayne for Vice Versa and he was dubbed an honorary lesbian at a DOB party
Forrest J Ackerman
–
Forry Ackerman at the Ackermansion, 1990
Forrest J Ackerman
–
Letting a fan try on cape worn by
Bela Lugosi in
Plan 9 from Outer Space, (1959, directed by
Ed Wood)
Forrest J Ackerman
–
Forrest Ackerman (1965)
22.
Margaret Brundage
–
Margaret Brundage, born Margaret Hedda Johnson was an American illustrator and painter who is remembered chiefly for having illustrated the pulp magazine Weird Tales. Working in pastels on illustration board, she created most of the covers for Weird Tales between 1933 and 1938, Brundage was born in Chicago, Illinois, of Swedish and Irish ancestry. Her father, Jonathan E. Loutitt died when she was eight years old, she was raised by her mother and grandmother Margaret Loutit, for whom she was named, both her parents had come to Chicago from the Orkney islands off the coast of Scotland. Brundages mother remained both a widow and a devout Christian Scientist for the rest of her life, and supplemented their income by instructing beginning Christian Science disciples. Margaret Hedda Johnson graduated from Girard Grammar School and attended McKinley High School in Chicago and she graduated from McKinley in 1919. As editor of the school newspaper, Margaret Johnson was able to tell Walt Disney whether or not she would include any of his drawings in the McKinley newspaper. This was Myron Reed Brundage, a notorious womaniser, in 1927, she married Myron Slim Brundage in Chicago. Brundage was a hobo, a man with tendencies toward radical politics and alcohol, they had one child. The marriage was not a success, and ended in divorce in 1939, in 1932 Brundage was looking for more work, and found herself at the office of Farnsworth Wright, then editor of Weird Tales. Brundage began working for Wright by doing a few covers for his side publication Oriental Stories, Wright was so impressed with these that he hired Brundage to draw for Weird Tales. Over the period from 1933 to 1938, Brundage executed cover art, first for then, famously and she was the most frequently-appearing cover artist on Weird Tales during her stint with the magazine. Her first cover appeared on the September 1932 issue, she created covers for 39 straight issues from June 1933 to August 1936 and her last original cover was for the Jan.1945 issue, for a total of 66 original-artwork covers. She was paid $90 per cover—enough to support herself, her son, from 1936 through 1938, Brundage often alternated with others as cover artist, Virgil Finlay was her chief competitor. Brundages art frequently featured damsels in distress in various states of full or partial nudity, her scenes were especially noteworthy. Pulp covers were notorious for their content, and Brundage’s were no exception. Since she signed her work M. Brundage, many of the readers were unaware that the artist was female. Practical problems with shipping Brundages fragile pastel art from Chicago to New York also diminished her appeal to the regime that followed Wrights 1940 departure. She continued to draw after her relationship with the magazine ended, and appeared at a number of science fiction conventions and art fairs, yet she never fully recovered financially from the loss of regular work at WT, her later years were spent in relative poverty
Margaret Brundage
–
Margaret Brundage
Margaret Brundage
–
In
Weird Tales, Brundage illustrates
Robert E. Howard 's
Queen of the Black Coast, a story about
Conan the Barbarian.
Margaret Brundage
–
Brundage also did illustrations for
Oriental Stories in the early 1930s.
23.
Astounding Science Fiction
–
Analog Science Fiction and Fact is an American science-fiction magazine published under various titles since 1930. The first issue, titled Astounding Stories of Super-Science, was dated January 1930, published by William Clayton, Clayton went bankrupt in 1933 and the magazine was sold to Street & Smith. At the end of 1937, Campbell took over editorial duties under Tremaines supervision, the period beginning with Campbells editorship is often referred to as the Golden Age of Science Fiction. By 1950, new competition had appeared from Galaxy Science Fiction, in 1960, Campbell changed the title of the magazine to Analog Science Fiction & Fact, he had long wanted to get rid of the word Astounding in the title, which he felt was too sensational. At about the same time Street & Smith sold the magazine to Condé Nast, Campbell remained as editor until his death in 1971. Ben Bova took over from 1972 to 1978, and the character of the magazine changed noticeably, Bova won five consecutive Hugo Awards for his editing of Analog. The title was sold to Davis Publications in 1980, then to Dell Magazines in 1992, Crosstown Publications acquired Dell in 1996 and remains the publisher. Schmidt continued to edit the magazine until 2012, when he was replaced by Trevor Quachri, in 1926, Hugo Gernsback launched Amazing Stories, the first science-fiction magazine. Amazing was very successful, quickly reaching a circulation over 100,000, Clayton was unconvinced, but the following year decided to launch a new magazine, mainly because the sheet on which the color covers of his magazines were printed had a space for one more cover. He suggested to Harry Bates, a newly hired editor, that start a magazine of historical adventure stories. Bates proposed instead a science-fiction pulp, to be titled Astounding Stories of Super Science, Astounding was initially published by Publishers Fiscal Corporation, a subsidiary of Clayton Magazines. The first issue appeared in January 1930, with Bates as editor, Bates aimed for straightforward action-adventure stories, with scientific elements only present to provide minimal plausibility. In February 1931, the original name Astounding Stories of Super-Science was shortened to Astounding Stories, the magazine was profitable, but the Depression caused Clayton problems. Normally a publisher would pay a printer three months in arrears, but when a credit squeeze began in May 1931, it led to pressure to reduce this delay. The financial difficulties led Clayton to start alternating the publication of his magazines, some printers bought the magazines which were indebted to them, Clayton decided to buy his printer to prevent this from happening. As it turned out, enough stories were in inventory, and enough paper was available, to one further issue. In April, Clayton went bankrupt, and sold his titles to T. R. Foley for $100, Foley resold them in August to Street & Smith. Science fiction was not entirely a departure for Street & Smith, the first Street & Smith issue was dated October 1933, until the third issue, in December 1933, the editorial team was not named on the masthead
Astounding Science Fiction
–
The first issue of Astounding Stories, January 1930, cover by
Wesso
Astounding Science Fiction
–
The November 1949 "future" issue, in which all the stories had previously been "reviewed" in November 1948
Astounding Science Fiction
–
"
Profession " by
Isaac Asimov in the July 1957 issue.
Astounding Science Fiction
–
Post Analog name change Cover (August 1977)
24.
Judgment Night (collection)
–
Judgment Night is a 1952 collection of science fiction short stories by C. L. Moore. It was first published by Gnome Press in 1952 in an edition of 4,000 copies, the collection contains the stories that Moore selected as the best of her longer work. The stories all appeared in the magazine Astounding. Boucher and McComas praised the novel as an opulent and exciting romance. Written with the warmth which one expects of Miss Moore. In 1970, Algis Budrys characterized the novel as a masterpiece, the Science-Fantasy Publishers, A Bibliographic History, 1923-1998. Westminster, MD and Baltimore, Mirage Press, Ltd. pp. 300–301, index to Science Fiction Anthologies and Collections
Judgment Night (collection)
–
Dust-jacket from the first edition
25.
Faust
–
Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend. He is a scholar who is successful yet dissatisfied with his life. The Faust legend has been the basis for literary, artistic, cinematic. Faust and the adjective Faustian imply a situation in which an ambitious person surrenders moral integrity in order to achieve power, plays and comic puppet theatre loosely based on this legend were popular throughout Germany in the 16th century, often reducing Faust and Mephistopheles to figures of vulgar fun. The story was popularised in England by Christopher Marlowe, who gave it a classic treatment in his play, in Goethes reworking of the story two hundred years later, Faust becomes a dissatisfied intellectual who yearns for more than earthly meat and drink in his life. Faust is bored and depressed with his life as a scholar, after an attempt to take his own life, he calls on the Devil for further knowledge and magic powers with which to indulge all the pleasure and knowledge of the world. In response, the Devils representative, Mephistopheles, appears, the term usually stipulated in the early tales is 24 years, one year for each of the hours in a day. During the term of the bargain, Faust makes use of Mephistopheles in various ways, realizing this unholy act, she drowns the child, and is held for murder. However, Gretchens innocence saves her in the end, and she enters Heaven after execution, in Goethes rendition, Faust is saved by God via his constant striving—in combination with Gretchens pleadings with God in the form of the Eternal Feminine. However, in the tales, Faust is irrevocably corrupted and believes his sins cannot be forgiven, when the term ends. Many aspects of the life of Simon Magus are echoed in the Faust legend of Christopher Aubin, the tale of Faust bears many similarities to the Theophilus legend recorded in the 13th century, writer Gautier de Coincys Les Miracles de la Sainte Vierge. Here, a saintly figure makes a bargain with the keeper of the world but is rescued from paying his debt to society through the mercy of the Blessed Virgin. A depiction of the scene in which he himself to the Devil appears on the north tympanum of the Cathedrale de Notre Dame de Paris. Others believe he is based on the figure of Johann Georg Faust, a magician and alchemist probably from Knittlingen, Württemberg, scholars such as Frank Baron and Leo Ruickbie contest many of these previous assumptions. The character in Polish folklore named Pan Twardowski presents similarities with Faust, the Polish story seems to have originated at roughly the same time as its German counterpart, yet It is unclear whether the two tales have a common origin or influenced each other. The historical Johann Georg Faust had studied in Kraków for a time, the first known printed source of the legend of Faust is a small chapbook bearing the title Historia von D. Johann Fausten, published in 1587. The book was re-edited and borrowed from throughout the 16th century, related tales about a pact between man and the Devil include the plays Mariken van Nieumeghen, Cenodoxus and The Countess Cathleen. Staufen, a town in the extreme southwest of Germany, claims to be where Faust died, depictions appear on buildings, etc
Faust
–
Dr. Fausto by
Jean-Paul Laurens
Faust
–
Pan Twardowski and the devil. Drawing by
Michał Elwiro Andriolli.
Faust
–
Marlowe Faustus manuscript in the Huntington Library, San Marino
Faust
–
Feodor Chaliapin as Méphistophélès, 1915
26.
H. P. Lovecraft
–
Howard Phillips Lovecraft was an American author who achieved posthumous fame through his influential works of horror fiction. He was virtually unknown and published only in magazines before he died in poverty. Lovecraft was born in Providence, Rhode Island, where he spent most of his life, among his most celebrated tales are The Call of Cthulhu and The Shadow over Innsmouth, both canonical to the Cthulhu Mythos. Lovecraft was never able to support himself from earnings as author and editor and he saw commercial success increasingly elude him in this latter period, partly because he lacked the confidence and drive to promote himself. He subsisted in straitened circumstances in his last years, an inheritance was completely spent by the time that he died at age 46. Lovecraft was born on August 20,1890 in his home at 194 Angell Street in Providence. Both of his parents were of entirely English ancestry, and most of his ancestors had been in New England since the colonial period and his great-grandfather Joseph Lovecraft Jr. emigrated to Rochester, New York from Devon, England in 1831. Lovecraft maintained throughout his life that his father died in a condition of paralysis brought on by nervous exhaustion. It has been suggested that his fathers mental illness may have been caused by syphilis, all five resided together in the family home. Lovecraft was a prodigy, reciting poetry at the age of three and writing complete poems by six. His grandfather encouraged his reading, providing him with such as One Thousand and One Nights, Thomas Bulfinchs Age of Fable, and childrens versions of the Iliad. His grandfather also stirred the boys interest in the weird by telling him his own tales of gothic horror. Lovecraft was frequently ill as a child, and he attended school until he was eight years old because of his sickly condition. He read voraciously during this period and became enamored of chemistry. He produced several hectographed publications with a circulation, beginning in 1899 with The Scientific Gazette. Four years later, he returned to school at Hope High School. Beginning in his life, Lovecraft is believed to have suffered from sleep paralysis. Much of his work is thought to have been directly inspired by these terrors
H. P. Lovecraft
–
Lovecraft in 1934
H. P. Lovecraft
–
Lovecraft at c. nine years old
H. P. Lovecraft
–
Lovecraft in 1915
H. P. Lovecraft
–
Lovecraft's final home, May 1933 until March 10, 1937
27.
American Old West
–
Frontier refers to a contrasting region at the edge of a European-American line of settlement. American historians cover multiple frontiers but the folklore is focused primarily on the 19th century west of the Mississippi River. As defined by Hine and Faragher, frontier history tells the story of the creation and defense of communities, the use of the land, the development of markets, and the formation of states. They explain, It is a tale of conquest, but also one of survival, persistence, thus, Turners Frontier Thesis proclaimed the westward frontier as the defining process of American history. As the American frontier passed into history, the myths of the West in fiction and film took firm hold in the imagination of Americans, America is exceptional in choosing its iconic self-image. David Murdoch has said, No other nation has taken a time and place from its past, the frontier line was the outer line of European-American settlement. It moved steadily westward from the 1630s to the 1880s, Turner favored the Census Bureau definition of the frontier line as a settlement density of two people per square mile. The West was the settled area near that boundary. Thus, parts of the Midwest and American South, though no longer considered western, have a frontier heritage along with the western states. In the 21st century, however, the term American West is most often used for the area west of the Mississippi River, in the colonial era, before 1776, the west was of high priority for settlers and politicians. The American frontier began when Jamestown, Virginia was settled by the English in 1607, English, French, Spanish and Dutch patterns of expansion and settlement were quite different. Although French fur traders ranged widely through the Great Lakes and mid-west region they settled down. French settlement was limited to a few small villages such as Kaskaskia. They created a rural settlement in upstate New York. Areas in the north that were in the stage by 1700 generally had poor transportation facilities. The wealthy speculator, if one was involved, usually remained at home, the class of landless poor was small. Few artisans settled on the frontier except for those who practiced a trade to supplement their primary occupation of farming, there might be a storekeeper, a minister, and perhaps a doctor, and there were a number of landless laborers. However frontier areas of 1700 that had good river connections were transformed into plantation agriculture
American Old West
–
The
cowboy, the quintessential symbol of the American frontier, circa 1887
American Old West
–
Daniel Boone escorting settlers through the
Cumberland Gap
American Old West
–
Indian leader
Tecumseh killed in battle in 1813 by
Richard M. Johnson, who later became Vice president
American Old West
–
Jefferson saw himself as a man of the frontier and a scientist; he was keenly interested in expanding and exploring the West
28.
The Last Mimzy
–
High tech devices disguised as toys are sent back in time and are found by Noah and Emma Wilder, children living in early 21st century Seattle. The toys are incomprehensible to Emma and Noah, except for what appears to be a stuffed rabbit, sensing the paranormal strangeness of the devices, the children initially keep their discovery secret from their parents. Emma becomes telepathically connected to the rabbit, named Mimzy. Interaction with the causes the children to develop advanced knowledge, genius-level intelligence. Due to her connection with Mimzy, Emmas development of her abilities is much stronger than her older brothers, she is the only one to display empathy, telepathy, levitation. Emma is also the one who can use the Spinners, strange spinning. Noahs strong psionic/physic abilities are developed through a card and a seashell and he gains increased intelligence, knowledge, telepathy, empathic communication and control over arthropods. He can also use the card to telekinetically teleport objects through a dimensional rift after staring at it. The childrens unusual psionic and mental abilities and Emmas attachment to Mimzy alert their parents, especially their mother, and Larry White, Noahs science schoolteacher, to the devices. Later, Noah accidentally fuses the card with a blob, turning it into a Generator that causes a power black-out over half the state of Washington. The family is held for questioning by Special Agent Nathaniel Broadman, Emma tells everyone that Mimzy has a message from humanitys distant future. Mimzy is the last one remaining, but is now dying, the reason for the other Mimzys deaths is that the Chosen Ones before Emma had no Engineers to help build the bridge across time. Despite attempts by the unbelieving FBI to prevent them, Noah, before leaving, Mimzy absorbs a tear from Emma, thus providing the DNA required to restore humanitys corrupted DNA. Emma is almost sucked into the future with Mimzy, but Noah grabs Emma, the teacher ends the story time and the children levitate and fly home. The world in their time has become a place, where humanity has integrated into the constructed ecosystems. The story ends in the current time, with Emmas teacher asking if anyone did anything exciting over the weekend break, no one volunteers, so she calls on Emma at random. Rhiannon Leigh Wryn as Emma Wilder, who discovers the toys, chris ONeil as Noah Wilder, Emmas older brother. Chris Sipe as Noah Wilder Timothy Hutton as David Wilder, father of Noah and Emma Joely Richardson as Jo Wilder, Davids wife, rainn Wilson as Larry White, Noahs science teacher
The Last Mimzy
–
US Promotional poster
29.
Timescape (1992 film)
–
Timescape, released on video as Grand Tour, Disaster in Time, is a 1992 American science fiction film by Director David Twohy. This time-travel-themed film is based on the novella Vintage Season by Henry Kuttner and it stars Jeff Daniels, with Ariana Richards and features a cameo appearance by Robert Colbert, one of the co-stars of Irwin Allens 1960s TV series The Time Tunnel. Haunted by the death of his wife, Ben Wilson, has returned to his hometown and purchased an old guest house on the outskirts of town. Ben soon begins to note their peculiar behaviour, manner and dress, Oscar points out the fact that, while they purport to be tourists, they do not carry cameras or take photographs. Shortly after they settle into their rooms, another stranger, Quish, arrives to join them, bens suspicions are heightened by events of the following day, when Quish has a minor accident while walking through the town. Ben helps him, in the process recovering Quishs dropped American passport, the local doctor then shows Ben an X-ray of Quishs head, which reveals that there is a mysterious object embedded in his skull. Unnerved, Quish will only respond by warning Wilson to leave town immediately, when Ben returns home, he finds Hilary gone and confronts the judge but is threatened with arrest, defeated, he goes to stay at the local hotel. She then gives Ben a euphoric substance and seduces him, leaving him unconscious, late that night, Ben is found and revived by Oscar. They return to the guest house to find out why the Tourists have come, Ben and Hilary work through the night helping the survivors, who are taken to Hilarys local school, which has become the local disaster relief centre. When Ben and Oscar return to the guest house the day, Ben is alarmed to discover that, although the Tourists have left the house. He and Oscar track them to a factory outside the town. The tourists try to detain him, but he evades them and races to the scene and he explains that his people have discovered that time is more resilient than they had first believed. However, because of the changes enacted by Ben and the Tourists, just before they depart, Ben attacks Reeve for her lack of humanity, but as she leaves she embraces him, secretly slipping Quishs passport into his hand. On examining the passport Ben discovers that it one of the Tourists time travel devices. He eventually makes it work and returns to the evening to try and save his daughter. Realising that Hilary is then at her grandfathers house, he tries to sneak her away, but he is caught and thrown into jail, which is itself soon to be destroyed. However he convinces the deputy to allow him his one phone call and manages to contact his pre-existing self at the hotel, just as that self is meeting with Reeve. This alternate self helps the original Ben to escape from the jail and together manage to alert
Timescape (1992 film)
–
Grand Tour: Disaster in Time
30.
University of Southern California
–
The University of Southern California is a private research university founded in 1880 with its main campus in Los Angeles, California. As Californias oldest private university, USC has historically educated a large number of the regions business leaders. In recent decades, the university has also leveraged its location in Los Angeles to establish relationships with research and cultural institutions throughout Asia, an engine for economic activity, USC contributes $8 billion annually to the economy of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and California. For the 2014–15 academic year, there were 18,740 students enrolled in undergraduate programs. USC also has 23,729 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs, including business, law, engineering, social work, and medicine. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the world, consistently ranking among the top 3 in external contributions, multiple academic rankings list the University of Southern California as being among the top 25 universities in the United States. With an acceptance rate of 16 percent, USC is also among the most selective academic institutions in the nation. USC maintains a tradition of innovation and entrepreneurship, with alumni having founded companies such as Lucasfilm, Myspace, Salesforce. com, Intuit, Qualcomm, Box, Tinder. As of 2014, the university has produced the fourth largest number of billionaire alumni out of all institutions in the world. USC is home to the world’s most powerful computer, which is presently housed in a super-cooled. The only other commercially available quantum computing system is operated jointly by NASA, USC was also one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System. Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing, dynamic programming, image compression, VoIP, USC sponsors a variety of intercollegiate sports and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. Members of the teams, the Trojans, have won 102 NCAA team championships, ranking them third in the nation. Trojan athletes have won 288 medals at the Olympic games, more than any university in the United States. If USC were a country, its athletes would have received the 12th-most Olympic gold medals in history. In 1969, it joined the Association of American Universities, the University of Southern California was founded following the efforts of Judge Robert M. Hellman. The three donated 308 lots of land to establish the campus and provided the seed money for the construction of the first buildings. Originally operated in affiliation with the Methodist Church, the school mandated from the start that no student would be denied admission because of race, the university is no longer affiliated with any church, having severed formal ties in 1952
University of Southern California
–
The Widney Alumni House, the campus's first building
University of Southern California
–
University of Southern California
University of Southern California
–
"
Tommy Trojan " is a major symbol of the university, though he is not the mascot.
University of Southern California
–
Doheny Library
31.
Television
–
Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a set, a television program. Television is a medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip. Television became available in experimental forms in the late 1920s. After World War II, a form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses. During the 1950s, television was the medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US, for many reasons, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity, another development was the move from standard-definition television to high-definition television, which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats, 1080p, 1080i, in 2013, 79% of the worlds households owned a television set. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs, major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. In the near future, LEDs are gradually expected to be replaced by OLEDs, also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s, Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively television signals are distributed by cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, a standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television, the word television comes from Ancient Greek τῆλε, meaning far, and Latin visio, meaning sight. The Anglicised version of the term is first attested in 1907 and it was. formed in English or borrowed from French télévision. In the 19th century and early 20th century, other. proposals for the name of a technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote. The abbreviation TV is from 1948, the use of the term to mean a television set dates from 1941
Television
–
Flat-screen televisions for sale at a consumer electronics store
Television
–
The first known photograph of a moving image produced by Baird's "televisor", circa 1926 (The subject is Baird's business partner Oliver Hutchinson)
Television
–
Vladimir Zworykin demonstrates electronic television (1929)
Television
–
Ad for the beginning of experimental television broadcasting in New York City by RCA in 1939
32.
Kansas City, MO
–
Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri and the sixth largest city in the Midwest. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city had an population of 475,378 in 2015. It is the city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west, on June 1,1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated, shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to them soon thereafter. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, along with Independence, it serves as one of the two county seats for Jackson County. Major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Independence and Lees Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City. The city is composed of neighborhoods, including the River Market District in the north, the 18th and Vine District in the east. Kansas City is also known for its cuisine, its craft breweries, Kansas City, Missouri was officially incorporated as a town on June 1,1850, and as a city on March 28,1853. The territory straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a place to build settlements. The Antioch Christian Church, Dr. James Compton House, the first documented European visitor to Kansas City was Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his response to the Native American attack on Fort Détroit, Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in a village about 90 miles east near Brunswick, Missouri, where he illegally traded furs. In the documents, he describes the junction of the Grande Riv des Cansez and Missouri River, French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the areas first reasonably accurate map. The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the French continued their fur trade under Spanish license. After the 1804 Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, in 1831, a group of Mormons from New York settled in what would become the city. They built the first school within Kansas Citys current boundaries, but were forced out by mob violence in 1833, in 1833 John McCoy established West Port along the Santa Fe Trail,3 miles away from the river. In 1834 McCoy established Westport Landing on a bend in the Missouri to serve as a point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, in 1850, the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas
Kansas City, MO
–
From top left: the
Liberty Memorial, the
Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the Kansas City skyline, the
Country Club Plaza,
Arrowhead Stadium, and
Kauffman Stadium
Kansas City, MO
–
Kansas City Pioneer Square monument in Westport features
Pony Express founder
Alexander Majors, Westport/Kansas City founder
John Calvin McCoy and Mountainman
Jim Bridger who owned Chouteau's Store.
Kansas City, MO
–
Walnut Street, Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, 1906.
Kansas City, MO
–
Kansas City satellite map
33.
Memorial Day
–
Memorial Day is a federal holiday in the United States for remembering the people who died while serving in the countrys armed forces. It marks the start of the summer vacation season, while Labor Day marks its end. Many people visit cemeteries and memorials, particularly to honor those who have died in military service, many volunteers place an American flag on each grave in national cemeteries. Annual Decoration Days for particular cemeteries are held on a Sunday in late spring or early summer in rural areas of the American South. People gather on the day and put flowers on graves and renew contacts with relatives. There often is a service and a picnic-like dinner on the grounds. It is believed that this practice began before the American Civil War, the practice of decorating soldiers graves with flowers is an ancient custom. Soldiers graves were decorated in the U. S. before, following President Abraham Lincolns assassination in April 1865, there were a variety of events of commemoration. The sheer number of soldiers of both sides who died in the Civil War meant that burial and memorialization took on new cultural significance, under the leadership of women during the war, an increasingly formal practice of decorating graves had taken shape. In 1865, the government began creating national military cemeteries for the Union war dead. The Richmond Times-Dispatch newspaper claimed in 1906 that Warrenton, Virginia, was the location of the first Civil War soldiers grave ever to be decorated, there is also documentation that women in Savannah, Georgia, decorated Confederate soldiers graves in 1862. The 1863 cemetery dedication at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was, of course, in addition, local historians in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, claim that ladies there decorated soldiers graves on July 4,1864, and Boalsburg promotes itself as the birthplace of Memorial Day. But more recent researches have also pointed to the birthplace of Confederacy as the location of the first post-war Memorial Day type observance, but in 2012 Blight stated that he has no evidence that the event in Charleston inspired the establishment of Memorial Day across the country. Accordingly, Snopes labels Blights claims mostly false, despite this ongoing lively debate, there is an official birthplace. On May 26,1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the presidential proclamation naming Waterloo, New York, Snopes also regards the Waterloo legend as apocryphal. Logan issued a proclamation calling for Decoration Day to be observed annually and it was observed for the first time that year on Saturday May 30, the date was chosen because it was not the anniversary of any particular battle. According to the White House, the May 30 date was chosen as the date for flowers to be in bloom. Memorial events were held in 183 cemeteries in 27 states in 1868, the northern states quickly adopted the holiday
Memorial Day
–
The gravestones at
Arlington National Cemetery are decorated by U.S. flags on Memorial Day weekend.
Memorial Day
–
Civil War Veterans in Ortonville, Minnesota, on the Fourth of July, 1880—also called "Decoration Day" prior to the
Uniform Monday Holiday Act almost a century later.
Memorial Day
–
The
Tomb of the Unknowns located in
Arlington National Cemetery
Memorial Day
–
Memorial Day, Boston by
Henry Sandham
34.
Science Fiction Writers of America
–
Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, or SFWA is a nonprofit 5013 organization of professional science fiction and fantasy writers. While SFWA is based in the United States, its membership is open to writers worldwide, the organization was founded in 1965 by Damon Knight under the name Science Fiction Writers of America, Inc. The president of SFWA as of 2015 is Cat Rambo, SFWA has about 1,900 professionally published writer members worldwide. SFWA members vote for the Nebula Awards, one of the principal English-language science fiction awards, SFWA informs, supports, promotes, defends and advocates for its members. Science Fiction Writers of America, Inc. was founded in 1965 by a group of associated with the Milford Conference. According to Todd McCaffrey, the organization immediately acquired great status in its efforts to help J. R. R, tolkien get fair recompense in America for pirated sales of The Lord of the Rings. Later, the name of the organization was changed to Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America and her withdrawal was sent after voting had been completed. When informed she had won, she contacted SFWA and told them she refused to accept it and she was told that her reasons for doing so would be announced. Her publisher accepted the award in her place, apparently with no knowledge of her withdrawal, in September 2009, SFWA joined the Open Book Alliance to oppose the Google Book Settlement. As a party to the class action suit, SFWA had recently explained its reservations about the settlement, in 2013, the SFWA Bulletin was the subject of a controversy about sexism. This led to a hiatus, followed by a reboot of the magazine in a modern. In 2014, the original Massachusetts corporation was dissolved and SFWA reincorporated as a California nonprofit 5013 organization with new bylaws, SFWA holds a semi-annual business meeting at the World Science Fiction Convention when its held in North America, and at the North American Science Fiction Convention otherwise. Other Nebula Awards Weekend events include a semi-annual SFWA business meeting and a mass autographing session for member authors, Nebula Awards Weekend is held in a different location every two years. Over the years, the reception has gone by names, including Authors and Editors, Mill and Swill. The SFWA Reading Series, A series of free events during which SFWA authors read or discuss their fiction with members of local communities. Currently held in Seattle, WA and Portland, OR, SFWA sponsors Writer Beware, whose mission is to track, expose, and raise awareness of the prevalence of fraud and other questionable activities in and around the publishing industry. Writer Beware receives additional support from the Mystery Writers of America, Writer Beware staff assist law enforcement agencies with investigations of literary fraud, and have been instrumental in the convictions of several literary scammers. Greifcom, or the Grievance Committee, is formed of volunteers who undertake to mediate writer disputes and grievances between member writers and their publishers
Science Fiction Writers of America
–
Front cover of no. 200 (Winter 2013), the issue that sparked the 2013 controversy
Science Fiction Writers of America
–
Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America
Science Fiction Writers of America
–
Front cover of SFWA Bulletin no. 203 (Winter 2014), the first issue after reform
35.
Robert Bloch
–
Robert Albert Bloch was an American fiction writer, primarily of crime, horror, fantasy and science fiction, from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is best known as the writer of Psycho, the basis for the film of the name by Alfred Hitchcock. His fondness for a pun is evident in the titles of his story such as Tales in a Jugular Vein, Such Stuff as Screams Are Made Of. Bloch wrote hundreds of stories and over 30 novels. He was one of the youngest members of the Lovecraft Circle, H. P. Lovecraft was Blochs mentor and one of the first to seriously encourage his talent. However, while Bloch started his career by emulating Lovecraft and his brand of cosmic horror, he specialized in crime. Bloch was a contributor to magazines such as Weird Tales in his early career, and was also a prolific screenwriter. He won the Hugo Award, the Bram Stoker Award, in 2008, The Library of America selected Blochs essay The Shambles of Ed Gein for inclusion in its two-century retrospective of American true crime. His favorites among his own novels were The Kidnapper, The Star Stalker, Psycho, Night-World and his work has been extensively adapted for the movies and television, comics and audio books. Bloch was born in Chicago, the son of Raphael Ray Bloch, a cashier, and his wife Stella Loeb. Blochs family moved to Maywood, a Chicago suburb, when he was five and he attended the Methodist Church there, despite his parents Jewish heritage. At ten years of age, living in Maywood, he attended a screening of Lon Chaney, the scene of Chaney removing his mask terrified the young Bloch and sparked his interest in horror. In 1929 Ray Bloch lost his job, and the family moved to Milwaukee. Robert attended Washington, then Lincoln High School, where he met lifelong friend Harold Gauer, Gauer was editor of The Quill, Lincolns literary magazine, and accepted Blochs first published short story, a horror story titled The Thing. Both Bloch and Gauer graduated from Lincoln in 1934 during the height of the Great Depression, Bloch was involved in the drama department at Lincoln and wrote and performed in school vaudeville skits. H. P. Lovecraft, a frequent contributor to Weird Tales became one of his favorite writers, as a teenager, Bloch wrote a fan letter to Lovecraft, who gave him advice on his own fiction-writing efforts. Blochs first publication was with the short story Lilies in the semi-professional magazine Marvel Tales, Bloch began correspondence with August Derleth, Clark Ashton Smith and others of the Lovecraft Circle. Blochs first publication in Weird Tales was in its letter-column, with a letter criticising the Conan stories of Robert E. Howard
Robert Bloch
–
Robert Bloch
Robert Bloch
–
Bloch's "Death is an Elephant", the cover story of the February 1939 Weird Tales, appeared under his "Nathan Hinden" pen name
Robert Bloch
–
Bloch's novelette "It's a Small World" was the cover story for the March 1944 issue of Amazing Stories
Robert Bloch
–
Bloch's "The Devil With You" was the cover story in the July 1950 issue of Fantastic Adventures
36.
George Clayton Johnson
–
George Clayton Johnson was an American science fiction writer, best known for co-writing with William F. Nolan the novel Logans Run, the basis for the MGM1976 film. He was also known for his scripts for The Twilight Zone. He also wrote the story on which the 1960 and 2001 films Oceans Eleven were based, Johnson was born in a barn in Cheyenne, Wyoming, was forced to repeat the sixth grade, and dropped out of school entirely in the eighth. He briefly served as an operator and draftsman in the United States Army. Bill, but quit to return to his travels around the U. S. working as a draftsman, in 1959, Johnson wrote the story Ill Take Care of You for Alfred Hitchcock Presents. From 1959 onward, Johnsons work began to appear in magazines such as Playboy, Los Angeles, The Twilight Zone Magazine, Rogue, and Gamma. In 1960, he co-wrote the treatment for the Rat Pack film Oceans 11, later, Johnson joined the Southern California School of Writers that included, among others, William F. Nolan, Charles Beaumont, Richard Matheson and Ray Bradbury. Through them he met Rod Serling, to whom he sold his story All of Us Are Dying, Johnson briefly had a L. A. -based radio program called The Writer and the Story which featured interviews with authors, including Charles Beaumont and William F. Nolan. As his career progressed, Johnson formed, in the 1960s, a loose, short-lived federation with fellow authors and friends Matheson, Theodore Sturgeon, the intent was to leverage their works in the fashion of a union within the Hollywood system for TV production. Unfortunately, the enterprise fell apart after a few months, in his later years, he wrote comic books and was a frequent guest at sci-fi and comics conventions. Johnson co-created the comic book series Deepest Dimension Terror Anthology with cartoonist, Johnson married Lola Brownstein on October 10,1952 in Los Angeles, and fathered two children, Paul and Judy. He was an advocate for the legalization of marijuana. Along with his output, Johnson was instrumental to the early development of San Diego Comic Con. He was also a longtime vegetarian, Johnson died on Christmas Day 2015, of bladder and prostate cancer at a Veterans Administration Medical Center hospital in North Hills, California. Johnson was survived by his son Paul, his daughter Judy, All of us are dying, but writer George Clayton Johnson is still living it up. Archived from the original on April 4,2004, Archive Interview Part 1 of 10 on YouTube or see playlist George Clayton Johnson interview video at the Archive of American Television
George Clayton Johnson
–
Johnson in 2006
37.
Larry Niven
–
Laurence van Cott Niven —known as Larry Niven—is an American science fiction writer. His best-known work is Ringworld, which received Hugo, Locus, Ditmar, the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America named him the 2015 recipient of the Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award. His work is hard science fiction, using big science concepts. It also often includes elements of fiction and adventure stories. His fantasy includes the series The Magic Goes Away, rational fantasy dealing with magic as a non-renewable resource, Niven was born in Los Angeles. He briefly attended the California Institute of Technology and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in mathematics from Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas and he did a year of graduate work in mathematics at the University of California at Los Angeles. On September 6,1969, he married Marilyn Joyce Fuzzy Pink Wisowaty, Niven is the author of numerous science fiction short stories and novels, beginning with his 1964 story The Coldest Place. In this story, the coldest place concerned is the side of Mercury. In addition to the Nebula award in 1970 and the Hugo and Locus awards in 1971 for Ringworld and he won the same award in 1972, for Inconstant Moon, and in 1975 for The Hole Man. In 1976, he won the Hugo Award for Best Novelette for The Borderland of Sol, Niven has also written for the DC Comics character Green Lantern including in his stories hard science fiction concepts such as universal entropy and the redshift effect. The Ringworld series is part of the Tales of Known Space, Niven has also written a logical fantasy series The Magic Goes Away, which utilizes an exhaustible resource called mana to power a rule-based technological magic. The Draco Tavern series of short stories take place in a more light-hearted science fiction universe, much of his writing since the 1970s has been in collaboration, particularly with Jerry Pournelle and Steven Barnes, but also Brenda Cooper and Edward M. Lerner. The ideas genesis came from Nivens attempts to imagine a more efficient version of a Dyson Sphere, Niven used this as a core plot element in the sequel novel, The Ringworld Engineers. This idea proved influential, serving as an alternative to a full Dyson Sphere that required fewer assumptions and this was further developed by Iain M. Banks in his Culture series, which features about 1/100th ringworld–size megastructures called Orbitals that orbit a star rather than encircling it entirely. Alastair Reynolds also uses ringworlds in his 2008 novel House of Suns, the Ringworld-like namesake of the Halo video game series is the eponymous Halo megastructure/superweapon. The 2013 film Elysium also featured a similar structure, the original release of Magic, The Gathering paid homage to Larry Niven on a card called Nevinyrrals Disk, with Nevinyrral being Larry Niven spelled backwards. Subsequent sets have featured no new cards featuring Nevinyrral, although the character is sporadically quoted on the text of various cards. Netrunner paid a homage to Larry Niven with the card Nevinyrral
Larry Niven
–
Niven at
Stanford University, 2006
Larry Niven
–
Niven at the
Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, 2007
Larry Niven
–
Ringworld
Larry Niven
–
Niven at
Les Utopiales in 2010
38.
Jerry Pournelle
–
Jerry Eugene Pournelle is an American science fiction writer, essayist, and journalist who contributed for many years to the computer magazine Byte. Pournelle served as President of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 1973, Pournelle was born in Shreveport, the seat of Caddo Parish in northwestern Louisiana, and educated in Capleville, Tennessee. He served in the U. S. Army during the Korean War. Afterwards, he studied at the University of Washington and received a BSc in psychology on June 11,1955, an M. S. in psychology on March 21,1958, and a PhD in political science in March 1964. The thesis for his M. S. is titled Behavioural observations of the effects of personality needs and leadership in small discussion groups, Pournelle served as campaign research director for the mayoral campaign of 1969 for Los Angeles Mayor Sam Yorty, working under campaign director Henry Salvatori. The election took place on May 27,1969, Pournelle was later named Executive Assistant to the Mayor in charge of research in September 1969, but resigned from the position after two weeks. After leaving Yortys office, in 1970 he was a consultant to the Professional Educators of Los Angeles, Pournelle was an intellectual protégé of Russell Kirk and Stefan T. Possony. Pournelle wrote numerous publications with Possony, including The Strategy of Technology, the Strategy has been used as a textbook at the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, the Air War College, and the National War College. Pournelles work in the industry includes time he worked at Boeing in the late-1950s. While there, he worked on Project Thor, conceiving of hypervelocity rod bundles and he edited Project 75, a 1964 study of 1975 defense requirements. He worked in research at The Aerospace Corporation, and North American Rockwell Space Division. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan Quayle promoting development of the DC-X rocket. During the 1970s and 1980s, he published articles on military tactics. He had previously won first prize in a late 1960s essay contest run by the magazine on how to end the Vietnam war and that led him into correspondences with some of the early figures in Dungeons and Dragons and other fantasy role-playing games. In 1985, Footfall, in which Robert A. Heinlein was a thinly veiled minor character, another bestseller, Lucifers Hammer, reached number two. Both novels were written with Larry Niven, in 1994, Pournelles friendly relationship with Newt Gingrich led to Gingrich securing a government job for Pournelles son, Richard. At the time, Pournelle and Gingrich were reported to be collaborating on a science fiction political thriller, Pournelles relationship with Gingrich was long established even then, as Pournelle had written the preface to Gingrichs book, Window of Opportunity. In 2008, Pournelle battled a brain tumor, which appeared to respond favorably to radiation treatment, an August 28,2008 report on his weblog claimed he was now cancer-free
Jerry Pournelle
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Pournelle at
NASFiC in 2005
39.
Norman Spinrad
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Norman Richard Spinrad is an American science fiction author, essayist, and critic. His fiction has won the Prix Apollo and been nominated for awards, including the Hugo Award. Born in New York City, Spinrad is a graduate of the Bronx High School of Science, in 1957 he entered City College of New York and graduated in 1961 with a Bachelor of Science degree as a pre-law major. He has lived in San Francisco, Los Angeles, London, Paris and he married fellow novelist N. Lee Wood in 1990, they divorced in 2005. Spinrad served as President of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America from 1980 to 1982 and he has also worked as a radio phone show host, a vocal artist, a literary agent, and President of World SF. In an interview with Locus magazine in 1999, Spinrad described himself as an anarchist, some critics have noted utopian themes in Spinrads works. In a 1999 interview, he talked about his hopes for the role of science fiction in society, not that have bigger shopping malls or faster space ships, but where the characters are morally superior, where the society works better, is more just. It becomes difficult to do it, and thats a feedback relationship with whats happening in the culture, not just better gizmos and more virtual reality gear, but better societies. People dont believe the future will be a better place, according to critic Galen Strickland, Spinrad has never taken the easy course of artistic repetition, nor tailored his thoughts to the dictates of any editor. Each of his books are unique, and explore avenues of thought, sex and power are usually his primary themes. Consciousness altering drugs often feature prominently in his stories and its hard to be critically or biographically courageous when so much creative work was done under the influences of jailable offenses. Spinrad has often had problems finding publishers for his novels and he had difficulty finding a publisher willing to print Bug Jack Barron as a book. Publisher Michael Moorcock printed the novel in installments in the magazine New Worlds, the newsstand company WHSmith refused to distribute one of the issues because of the installment of Spinrads novel. The British Arts Council, which subsidized New Worlds, put pressure on WHSmith. This led to denunciations of Spinrad, The Arts Council, Spinrad could not find an American publisher for his 2007 novel Osama the Gun. Ne rejection letter, foaming at the mouth, declared that no American publisher would touch it and he decided to self-publish the novel as an e-book. The book, which several passages in Paris, has been published in French, by a very much mainstream edition. With its explicit language and cynical attitude to politicians, it roused one British Member of Parliaments ire at the magazines partial funding by the British Arts Council, a memorable quote from this novel is, The saddest day of your life isnt when you decide to sell out
Norman Spinrad
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Spinrad at Utopiales in 2006
40.
A. E. van Vogt
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Van Vogt was born on a farm in Edenburg. Until age four, van Vogt and his family only a dialect of Low German at home. Van Vogts father, a lawyer, moved his family several times and his son found these moves difficult, remarking in later life, Childhood was a terrible period for me. I was like a ship without anchor being swept along through darkness in a storm, again and again I sought shelter, only to be forced out of it by something new. After starting his career by writing for true-confession style pulp magazines such as True Story, van Vogt decided to switch to writing something he enjoyed. He was inspired by the August 1938 issue of Astounding Science Fiction, led him to write Vault of the Beast, which he submitted to that same magazine. It was rejected, but the rejection letter encouraged him to try again and he sent in a story called Black Destroyer, which was accepted. A rewritten version of Vault of the Beast would be published in 1940, van Vogts first SF publication was inspired by The Voyage of the Beagle by Charles Darwin. The Black Destroyer was published in July 1939 by John W. Campbell in Astounding Science Fiction and it featured a fierce, carnivorous alien, the coeurl, stalking the crew of an exploration spaceship. Discord in Scarlet was his story to be published, also appearing as the cover story. It was accompanied by interior illustrations created by Frank Kramer and Paul Orban, the former story served as the inspiration for multiple science fiction movies. In 1950, the two were combined with two stories as a fix-up novel, The Voyage of the Space Beagle, which was published in at least five European languages by 1955. Van Vogts first completed novel, and one of his most famous, is Slan, using what became one of van Vogts recurring themes, it told the story of a 9-year-old superman living in a world in which his kind are slain by Homo sapiens. In 1941, van Vogt decided to become a full-time writer, prolific for a few years, van Vogt wrote many short stories. In the 1950s, many of them were retrospectively patched together into novels, or fixups as he called them, when the original stories were related this was often successful. When not the disparate stories thrown together generally made for a coherent plot. In 1944, van Vogt moved to Hollywood, where his writing took on new dimensions after World War II. He subsequently wrote three novels merging these overarching themes, The World of Null-A and The Pawns of Null-A in the late 1940s, and Null-A Three in the early 1980s
A. E. van Vogt
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Van Vogt about 1963
A. E. van Vogt
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Signature
41.
Hollywood, California
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
Hollywood, California
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The Four Ladies installation at the
Hollywood Boulevard –
La Brea Avenue Gateway
Hollywood, California
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Glen-Holly Hotel, first hotel in Hollywood, at the corner of what is now Yucca Street. It was built in the 1890s.
Hollywood, California
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Hollywood Hotel, 1905
Hollywood, California
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The intersection of
Hollywood and Highland, 1907
42.
EMP Museum
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The Museum of Pop Culture, or MoPOP is a nonprofit museum, dedicated to contemporary popular culture. It was founded by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen in 2000 as the Experience Music Project, since that time MoPOP has organized dozens of exhibits,17 of which have toured across the US and internationally. An annual 21 and under battle-of-the-bands that supports the all-ages scene, and Pop Conference, a gathering of academics, critics, musicians. MoPOP, in collaboration with the Seattle International Film Festival presents the Science Fiction and Fantasy Short Film Festival, MoPOP is home to exhibits, interactive activity stations, sound sculpture, and various educational resources. Exhibits that cover pop culture, from the art of fantasy, horror cinema, IF VI WAS IX, a guitar sculpture consisting of more than 500 musical instruments and 30 computers conceived by UK exhibit designer Neal Potter and developed by sound sculptor Trimpin. Public programs such as MoPOP’s Science Fiction + Fantasy Short Film Festival, Pop Conference, the Youth Advisory Board, the Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame was founded by Paul Allen and Jody Patton and opened to the public on June 18,2004. It incorporated the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame which had established in 1996. The museum was divided into galleries with common themes such as Homeworld, Fantastic Voyages, Brave New Worlds. Each gallery displayed related memorabilia in large display cases, posters, from robots to jet packs to space suits and ray guns, its all here. Members of the advisory board included Steven Spielberg, Ray Bradbury, James Cameron. The Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame was founded in 1996 by the Kansas City Science Fiction and Fantasy Society, the chairmen were Keith Stokes and Robin Wayne Bailey. Only writers and editors were eligible for recognition and four were inducted annually, each class of four was announced at Kansas Citys annual science fiction convention, ConQuesT, and inducted at the Campbell Conference hosted by CSSF. The Hall of Fame stopped inducting fantasy writers after 2004, when it became part of the Science Fiction Museum affiliated with MoPOP, having inducted 36 writers in nine years, in 2005 it began to recognize non-literary media. It retained the quota of four new members and thus reduced the number of writers. The 2005 and 2006 press releases placed new members in Literature, Art, and Film, Television and Media, in 2007 and 2008 the fourth inductee was placed in one of the three substantial categories. MoPOP de-installed the Science Fiction Museum in March 2011, when the exhibition Icons of Science Fiction opened in June 2012, a new Hall of Fame display was unveiled and the class of 2012 inducted. Nominations are submitted by the public but the selections are made by award-winning science fiction authors, artists, editors, publishers, MoPOP restored the original name online during June 2013 and announced five new members, one daily, beginning June 17. The first four were cited largely or wholly for science fiction, tolkien, hailed as the father of modern fantasy literature
EMP Museum
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View of EMP Museum from the
Seattle Center with the
monorail traveling through it
EMP Museum
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Monorail tracks going through the EMP building
EMP Museum
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Nighttime view of EMP Museum
EMP Museum
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Guitar sculpture in the EMP Museum
43.
Fantastic Novels
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It was a companion to Famous Fantastic Mysteries. The magazine lasted for 5 issues in its first incarnation, mary Gnaedinger edited both series, her interest in reprinting Merritts work helped make him one of the better-known fantasy writers of the era. A Canadian edition from 1948 to 1951 reprinted 17 issues of the second series, in the early 20th century, science fiction stories were frequently published in popular magazines, with the Munsey Company, a major pulp magazine publisher, printing a great deal of science fiction. In 1926 Amazing Stories became the first specialist pulp magazine publisher of science fiction, Fantastic Novels was suspended after that issue and merged with Famous Fantastic Mysteries. The stated reason was that Famous Fantastic Mysteries is apparently the favorite title, the June 1941 and August 1941 issues of Famous Fantastic Mysteries both carried the slogan Combined with Fantastic Novels Magazine on the cover. Fantastic Novels reappeared in 1948 through Popular Publications, which had acquired Famous Fantastic Mysteries from Munsey at the end of 1942, Gnaedinger remained editor of Famous Fantastic Mysteries when Popular took over, and was editor of the second incarnation of Fantastic Novels. The March 1948 issue, the first of the new series, was catalogued volume 1, number 6 and this version lasted for a further 20 issues, ending without notice with the June 1951 issue. It was apparently a decision, the final issue had announced plans to reprint Otis Adelbert Klines Maza of the Moon. Fantastic Novels came into existence because of the demand from readers of Famous Fantastic Mysteries for book-length reprints. Over the next four issues she printed Ray Cummings People of the Golden Atom, Ralph Milne Farleys The Radio Beasts, gnaedingers interest in reprinting Merritts work helped make him one of the better-known fantasy writers of the era. In the second series, from 1948 to 1951, Gnaedinger continued to reprint work by Merritt, each issue, except the last one, featured a lead novel with additional short fiction. The cover artwork was mostly by Virgil Finlay, Lawrence Stevens, Peter Stevens, mary Gnaedinger edited Fantastic Novels for both the Munsey and Popular Publication series. Five issues appeared between July 1940 and April 1941, and an additional twenty from March 1948 to June 1951, the schedule was bimonthly, with only two irregularities, the issues that would have been dated March 1941 and March 1951 were each delayed by a month. The volume numbering was regular throughout, with four volumes of six numbers, a Canadian reprint edition ran from September 1948 to June 1951, these were published by the Toronto-based New Publications. They were half an inch taller than the U. S. editions and used different back-cover advertisements, but were otherwise identical to the U. S. issues of the same date. Two issues were released in Britain, an issue was released in March 1950. The other British issue was a copy of the May 1949 issue, cut to only 64 pages, both these issues were published by Pembertons and distributed by Thorpe & Porter. The Time Machines, The Story of the Science-Fiction Pulp Magazines from the beginning to 1950, New York, St. Martins Press, Inc
Fantastic Novels
–
Mary Gnaedinger continued to reprint work by
A. Merritt in the second series of Fantastic Novels. (September 1948 issue pictured)
Fantastic Novels
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The cover of the November 1949 issue, by
Virgil Finlay
Fantastic Novels
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Fantastic Novels ended without notice with the June 1951 issue.
44.
Alicia Austin
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Alicia Austin is a US fantasy and science fiction artist and illustrator. She works in print-making, Prismacolor, pastels and watercolors, Austin was born in Providence, Kentucky. As her father was military, she grew up in Germany and Japan. She studied art and biology at the University of Houston, Texas, Austin has illustrated books by Robert E. Howard, C. L. Moore, Andre Norton, Harold Lamb, Poul Anderson, Lewis Shiner, and Ursula K. A collection of her work, Alicia Austins Age of Dreams, was published by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, artist Guest of Honor - Alicia Austin. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008, the Locus Index to SF Awards. 1979 World Fantasy Award Winners and Nominees, archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Notes Official website Alicia Austin at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Alicia Austin
–
v
45.
Shambleau and Others
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Shambleau and Others is a 1953 collection of science fiction and fantasy short stories by C. L. Moore. The book was announced by Arkham House but never published by them. It was first published by Gnome Press in 1953 in an edition of 4,000 copies, the collections contains stories about Moores characters Northwest Smith and Jirel of Joiry. The stories all appeared in the magazine Weird Tales. Black God’s Kiss Shambleau Black God’s Shadow Black Thirst The Tree of Life Jirel Meets Magic Scarlet Dream Chalker, the Science-Fantasy Publishers, A Bibliographic History, 1923-1998. Westminster, MD and Baltimore, Mirage Press, Ltd. pp. 301–302, index to Science Fiction Anthologies and Collections
Shambleau and Others
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Dust-jacket from the first edition
46.
Northwest of Earth
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Northwest of Earth is a 1954 collection of science fiction and fantasy short stories by C. L. Moore. It was first published by Gnome Press in 1954 in an edition of 4,000 copies, the collections contains stories about Moores characters Northwest Smith and Jirel of Joiry. The stories all appeared in the magazine Weird Tales. J. Francis McComas reviewed it favorably in The New York Times, the Science-Fantasy Publishers, A Bibliographic History, 1923-1998. Westminster, MD and Baltimore, Mirage Press, Ltd. p.303, index to Science Fiction Anthologies and Collections
Northwest of Earth
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Dust-jacket from the first edition
47.
Jirel of Joiry (collection)
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Jirel of Joiry is a collection of five fantasy stories by C. L. Moore, often characterized as sword and sorcery. The volume compiles all but one of Moores stories featuring the title character, all the stories were published in Weird Tales during the 1930s. After being published as an original by Paperback Library in 1969. Donald M. Grant published a hardcover edition in 1977. In 2007, a British omnibus combining Jirel of Joiry with Moores Northwest Smith stories appeared as Black Gods, an expanded edition, also titled Black Gods Kiss, was published by Paizo Publishing in 2007. It was finally collected with the other Jirel stories in the 2007 Black Gods Kiss
Jirel of Joiry (collection)
–
First edition cover
48.
Lester Del Rey
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Lester del Rey was an American science fiction author and editor. Del Rey often told people his real name was Ramon Felipe Alvarez-del Rey and he also claimed that his family was killed in a car accident in 1935. However, his sister has confirmed that his name was really Leonard Knapp, Del Rey first started publishing stories in pulp magazines in the late 1930s, at the dawn of the so-called Golden Age of Science Fiction. The December 1938 issue featured his story Helen OLoy which was selected for the prestigious anthology The Science Fiction Hall of Fame, by the end of 1939 he had also placed stories in Weird Tales and Unknown, which featured more horror and more fantasy respectively. In the 1950s, del Rey was one of the authors writing science fiction for adolescents. During this time some of his fiction was published under the name Erik van Lhin, during a period when del Reys work was not selling well, he worked as a short order cook at the White Tower Restaurant in New York. After he married his wife, Helen Schlaz, in 1945. After meeting Scott Meredith at the 1947 World Science Fiction Convention, he working as a first reader for the new Scott Meredith Literary Agency. He later became an editor for several magazines and then for book publishers. During 1952 and 1953, del Rey edited several magazines, Space SF, Fantasy Fiction, Science Fiction Adventures, Rocket Stories, also during 1952, his first two novels were published in the Winston juvenile series, one with an Italian-language edition in the same year. In 1957, del Rey and Damon Knight co-edited a small amateur magazine named Science Fiction Forum, Del Rey was most successful editing with his fourth wife, Judy-Lynn del Rey, at Ballantine Books where they established the fantasy and science fiction imprint Del Rey Books in 1977. After science fiction gained respectability and began to be taught in classrooms, Del Rey stated that to develop science fiction had to remove itself from the usual critics who viewed it from the perspective of mainstream, and who judged its worth largely on its mainstream values. As part of mainstream, it would never have had the freedom to make the choices it did – many of them quite possibly wrong. For a number of years in the 1970s, Del Rey, himself, helmed the review column for Analog Science Fiction and Fact entitled The Reference Library. Del Rey was a member of an all-male literary banqueting club, the Trap Door Spiders, which served as the basis of Isaac Asimovs fictional group of mystery solvers, Del Rey was the model for Emmanuel Rubin. Del Rey was awarded the 1972 E. E and he also won a special 1985 Balrog Award for his contributions to fantasy, voted by fans and organized by Locus Magazine. The Science Fiction Writers of America named him its 11th SFWA Grand Master in 1990, marooned on Mars Rocket Jockey as Philip St. John Attack from Atlantis Battle on Mercury as Erik Van Lhin The Mysterious Planet as Kenneth Wright Rockets to Nowhere as Philip St. Jones. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy
Lester Del Rey
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Judy-Lynn and Lester del Rey at
Minicon in Minneapolis, 1974
Lester Del Rey
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del Rey's novella "When the World Tottered" was the cover story in the December 1950 issue of
Fantastic Adventures, illustrated by Robert Gibson Jones
Lester Del Rey
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del Rey's novelette "The Wind Between the Worlds" was the cover story in the March 1951 issue of
Galaxy Science Fiction
Lester Del Rey
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del Rey's novelette "I Am Tomorrow" was the cover story in the debut issue of
Dynamic Science Fiction in 1952
49.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
International Standard Book Number
–
A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an
EAN-13 bar code
50.
Gnome Press
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Gnome Press was an American small-press publishing company primarily known for publishing many science fiction classics. Gnome was one of the most eminent of the fan publishers of SF, producing 86 titles in its lifespan — many considered classic works of SF and Fantasy today. The company existed for just over a decade, ultimately failing due to inability to compete with major publishers who also started to publish science fiction, “f you look at one of Gnome Press’s old catalogs, you find you are staring at a million dollars. They had the rights to books that have sold tens of millions, perhaps hundreds of millions, of copies since. Greenberg had previously been a partner of specialty press New Collectors Group - see The Black Wheel, the address was Gnome Press, Inc.80 E. 11th St. Kyle contributed less and less to the press as other business interests took up more of his time, there was no association between the two publishers, despite a common assumption among some fans. Gnome Press concentrated on authors who were at the height of their popularity writing for Astounding Science Fiction, the leading magazine of the time. Notable authors published by Gnome included Poul Anderson, Isaac Asimov, Arthur C Clarke, L. Sprague de Camp, Gordon R. Dickson, Robert A. Heinlein, C. L. Moore, Clifford D. Simak, and A. E. Van Vogt. Gnomes early books were well-printed and featured excellent jacket work by Edd Cartier, dunn, Ed Emshwiller, Frank Kelly Freas, James Gibson, Harry Harrison, Mel Hunter, David Kyle, Stan Mack, Murray Tinkelman, L. Robert Tschirky, Walter I. Van der Poel, Jr. and Wallace Wood, Gnome Presss first book was The Carnelian Cube by Fletcher Pratt and L. Sprague de Camp, an original novel originally contracted by the New Collectors Group. The press also published many of Robert A. Heinleins classics, andre Norton worked as a reader for Gnome Press in the 1950s, and also had two of her novels published by the company under the pseudonym Andrew North. Controversy surrounds the Gnome Press editions of Robert E. Howards Conan stories. The works Gnome published in the Conan series are Conan the Conqueror, The Sword of Conan, The Coming of Conan, King Conan, Conan the Barbarian, Tales of Conan, and The Return of Conan. The worst selling book in Gnome Press history was 1955s new novel Reprieve from Paradise by H. Chandler Elliott, many of Gnomes titles were reprinted in England by Boardman Books. As Gnome Press started to publish new books, Greenberg and Kyle set up the Fantasy Book Club and they also produced calendars featuring the black and white fantasy art of Hannes Bok and Edd Cartier. But with his Pick-A-Book hardcover titles already going for as little as $1.00 per book, Gnome Press did not have much capital or access to distribution facilities, and relied on selling its books directly to fans by mail. According to Filmfax, Greenberg couldnt keep top science fiction and fantasy writers, the larger publishers had more money, marketing and distribution outlets. Financial mismanagement also cut into Gnomes ability to retain authors, the company was notorious for not paying its writers royalties due, which is ultimately what led to its failure
Gnome Press
–
Gnome Press
