1.
Edmonton
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Edmonton /ˈɛdməntən/ is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, the city anchors the north end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The city had a population of 932,546 in 2016, making it Albertas second-largest city, also in 2016, Edmonton had a metropolitan population of 1,321,426, making it the sixth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. Edmonton is North Americas northernmost city with a population over one million. A resident of Edmonton is known as an Edmontonian, Edmontons historic growth has been facilitated through the absorption of five adjacent urban municipalities and a series of annexations ending in 1982. Known as the Gateway to the North, the city is a point for large-scale oil sands projects occurring in northern Alberta. Edmonton is a cultural, governmental and educational centre and it hosts a year-round slate of festivals, reflected in the nickname Canadas Festival City. It is home to North Americas largest mall, West Edmonton Mall, in 1754, Anthony Henday, an explorer for the Hudsons Bay Company, may have been the first European to enter the Edmonton area. By 1795, Fort Edmonton was established on the north bank as a major trading post for the Hudsons Bay Company. The new forts name was suggested by John Peter Pruden after Edmonton, London, the home town of both the HBC deputy governor Sir James Winter Lake, and Pruden. In 1876, Treaty 6, which includes what is now Edmonton, was signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Queen Victoria as Queen of Canada, as part of the Numbered Treaties of Canada. The agreement includes the Plains and Woods Cree, Assiniboine, and other governments of First Nations at Fort Carlton, Fort Pitt. The area covered by the treaty represents most of the area of the current provinces of Saskatchewan. The arrival of the CPR and the C&E Railway helped bring settlers and entrepreneurs from eastern Canada, Europe, U. S. the Edmonton areas fertile soil and cheap land attracted settlers, further establishing Edmonton as a major regional commercial and agricultural centre. Some people participating in the Klondike Gold Rush passed through South Edmonton/Strathcona in 1897, in November 1905, the Canadian Northern Railway arrived in Edmonton, accelerating growth. During the early 1900s, Edmontons rapid growth led to speculation in real estate, in 1912, Edmonton amalgamated with the City of Strathcona, south of the North Saskatchewan River, as a result, the city extended south of the North Saskatchewan River for the first time. Just prior to World War I, the boom ended, many impoverished families moved to subsistence farms outside the city, while others fled to greener pastures in other provinces. Recruitment to the Canadian army during the war contributed to the drop in population
2.
Alberta
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Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1,2015, it is Canadas fourth-most populous province and its area is about 660,000 square kilometres. Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1,1905, the premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015. Alberta is bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U. S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to only a single U. S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces. About 290 km south of the capital is Calgary, the largest city in Alberta, Calgary and Edmonton centre Albertas two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations. Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Canmore, Drumheller, Jasper, Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Victoria, Queen of Canada, and Albert, Prince Consort. Princess Louise was the wife of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, Lake Louise and Mount Alberta were also named in her honour. Alberta, with an area of 661,848 km2, is the fourth largest province after Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. To the south, the borders on the 49th parallel north, separating it from the US state of Montana. The province extends 1,223 km north to south and 660 km east to west at its maximum width, with the exception of the semi-arid steppe of the south-eastern section, the province has adequate water resources. There are numerous rivers and lakes used for swimming, fishing, there are three large lakes, Lake Claire in Wood Buffalo National Park, Lesser Slave Lake, and Lake Athabasca which lies in both Alberta and Saskatchewan. The longest river in the province is the Athabasca River which travels 1,538 km from the Columbia Icefield in the Rocky Mountains to Lake Athabasca, the largest river is the Peace River with an average flow of 2161 m3/s. The Peace River originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows through northern Alberta and into the Slave River, Albertas capital city, Edmonton, is located approximately in the geographic centre of the province. It is the most northerly city in Canada, and serves as a gateway. The region, with its proximity to Canadas largest oil fields, has most of western Canadas oil refinery capacity, Calgary is located approximately 280 km south of Edmonton and 240 km north of Montana, surrounded by extensive ranching country. Almost 75% of the population lives in the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The land grant policy to the served as a means to populate the province in its early years
3.
Edmonton Metropolitan Region
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The ECRs commonly known boundaries are coincident with those of the Edmonton census metropolitan area as delineated by Statistics Canada. However, its boundaries are defined differently for Capital Region Board administrative purposes, the ECR is considered a major gateway to northern Alberta and the Canadian North, particularly for many companies, including airlines and oil/natural gas exploration. Located within central Alberta and at the end of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The Edmonton CMA is the largest CMA in Canada by area at 9,426.73 km2, in the 2011 Census, it had a population of 1,159,869, making it the sixth largest CMA in Canada by population. The Edmonton CMA comprises the majority of Statistics Canadas Division No.11 in Alberta, a fragmentation in regional cooperation and partnership has long played a divisive role within the ECR. As a result, Premier Ed Stelmach announced in December 2007 that a governing board would be established for Edmontons Capital Region. Four months later, the Capital Region Board was formed with the passing of the Capital Region Board Regulation by Order in Council 127/2008 under the authority of the Municipal Government Act. The CRB was originally established with 25 participating or member municipalities –23 of which were within the Edmonton CMA and two of which were outside the CMA. The number of municipalities was reduced to 24 on September 10,2010 after the Village of New Sarepta dissolved to hamlet status under the jurisdiction of Leduc County on September 1,2010. Of the 35 census subdivisions within the Edmonton CMA, the Village of Spring Lake, in March,2010, Growing Forward, The Capital Region Growth Plan, consisting of individual plans for these four components and two addenda, was approved by the Government of Alberta. The CRGP includes a population and employment forecast for the Capital Region, with a base population of 1.12 million in 2009, the CRB has forecasted the population of the Capital Region to reach 1.31 million by 2019. However, the 2019 population estimate was reached and exceeded by 2014, the CRGP also designates priority growth areas and cluster country residential areas within the Capital Region. The following is a list of municipalities in the Edmonton Capital Region, the Town of Lamont, Lamont County and members of the CRB are indicated accordingly. ^ Strathcona Countys 2011 federal census population of 92,490 includes 64,733 in the Sherwood Park urban service area, ^ Strathcona Countys 2015 municipal census population of 95,597 includes 68,782 in Sherwood Park. ^ The combined Wabamun 133A and 133B population of 1,086 includes 1,069 in Wabamun 133A and 17 in Wabamun 133B, ^ Population including Lamont and Lamont County. At the moment, two major industrial areas are in the final stages of establishment. Calgary-Edmonton Corridor Calgary Region Capital Region Board Edmonton. com - Portal to Greater Edmonton EEDC - Edmonton Economic Development Corporation Edmontons International Region
4.
The Sports Network
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The Sports Network is a Canadian English language sports specialty service. Via a 20% share in the Bell Media subsidiary CTV Specialty Television, TSN is the largest specialty channel in Canada in terms of gross revenue, with a total of $400.4 million in revenue in 2013. TSNs networks focus on sports-related programming, including live and recorded event telecasts, sports talk shows, TSN holds regional television rights to three of the NHLs seven Canadian franchises. TSN also receives an amount of programming through its minority partner. The TSN licence currently comprises five 24-hour programming services, from its launch until 2006, TSN operated as a single, national service. On August 25,2014, the primary TSN service was re-structured into four 24-hour feeds—TSN1, TSN3, TSN4, and TSN5—with each designated as the primary TSN network for each region of Canada. However, the task was complicated by claims by CBC that it owned the rights to the NHL. With the help of a Molson employee who was a friend of Gordon, in 1991, TSN acquired rights to the IIHF World U20 Championship, otherwise known as the World Juniors, which were previously broadcast by CBC. S. College football bowl games, regarded as a sporting event of the holiday season in Canada. Due to CRTC regulations on the ownership of broadcasters, Labatt was forced to sell TSN. The Sports Network launched its website TSN. ca on October 1,1995, alternate programming could make up a maximum of 10% of the TSN schedule—an average of 2.4 hours a day. In 2000, after ESPN blocked two attempts by the Canadian partners to sell NetStar to Canwest, CTV Inc. acquired the Canadian partners shares, CTV Inc. was acquired by Bell Canada and The Woodbridge Company as part of the joint venture Bell Globemedia in 2001. As a result of its purchase of TSN, CTV would be forced to sell its sports network CTV Sportsnet. Following the acquisition, TSN would move its operations to CTVs Agincourt complex, however, Sportsnet would not move from Agincourt until 2008, which led to the now-competing networks sharing the same building as their headquarters. This oddity would become a joke between personalities on both networks, who commonly referred to jumping between the two networks as crossing the parking lot. The CRTC, however, objected to plans to rename TSN as ESPN Canada, citing concerns that it would sound more like the channel was ESPNs Canadian affiliate, and that ESPN had de facto majority control. Beginning in 2006, the CRTC officially allowed TSN to operate national secondary digital feeds with limited amounts of alternative programming, following this development, TSN began to use such a feed to broadcast additional programming that could not be aired on TSN due to scheduling conflicts or other events. On August 29,2008, the feed evolved into a new 24-hour channel, similar to ESPN2, TSN was officially permitted to use these streamlined conditions of licence on February 1,2010
5.
Slogan
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The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience. George E. Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by 1704, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons. Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value. With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand. Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. Dass, Kumar, Kohli, & Thomas research suggests there are certain factors that make up the likability of a slogan. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying. The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself. The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom. Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans. Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the audience it is trying to reach, if the slogan is used for commercial purposes, often it is written to be memorable/catchy in order for a consumer to associate the slogan with the product it is representing. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product
6.
Frequency
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Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency. The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, for example, if a newborn babys heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute, its period—the time interval between beats—is half a second. Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as vibrations, audio signals, radio waves. For cyclical processes, such as rotation, oscillations, or waves, in physics and engineering disciplines, such as optics, acoustics, and radio, frequency is usually denoted by a Latin letter f or by the Greek letter ν or ν. For a simple motion, the relation between the frequency and the period T is given by f =1 T. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz, named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, a previous name for this unit was cycles per second. The SI unit for period is the second, a traditional unit of measure used with rotating mechanical devices is revolutions per minute, abbreviated r/min or rpm. As a matter of convenience, longer and slower waves, such as ocean surface waves, short and fast waves, like audio and radio, are usually described by their frequency instead of period. Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes. Y = sin = sin d θ d x = k Wavenumber, in the case of more than one spatial dimension, wavenumber is a vector quantity. For periodic waves in nondispersive media, frequency has a relationship to the wavelength. Even in dispersive media, the frequency f of a wave is equal to the phase velocity v of the wave divided by the wavelength λ of the wave. In the special case of electromagnetic waves moving through a vacuum, then v = c, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and this expression becomes, f = c λ. When waves from a monochrome source travel from one medium to another, their remains the same—only their wavelength. For example, if 71 events occur within 15 seconds the frequency is, the latter method introduces a random error into the count of between zero and one count, so on average half a count. This is called gating error and causes an error in the calculated frequency of Δf = 1/, or a fractional error of Δf / f = 1/ where Tm is the timing interval. This error decreases with frequency, so it is a problem at low frequencies where the number of counts N is small, an older method of measuring the frequency of rotating or vibrating objects is to use a stroboscope
7.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
8.
Call sign
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In broadcasting and radio communications, a call sign is a unique designation for a transmitter station. In North America, they are used for all FCC licensed transmitters, a call sign can be formally assigned by a government agency, informally adopted by individuals or organizations, or even cryptographically encoded to disguise a stations identity. The use of signs as unique identifiers dates to the landline railroad telegraph system. Because there was only one line linking all railroad stations. In order to time, two-letter identifiers were adopted for this purpose. This pattern continued in operation, radio companies initially assigned two-letter identifiers to coastal stations and stations aboard ships at sea. These were not globally unique, so a company identifier was later added. Merchant and naval vessels are assigned call signs by their national licensing authorities, in the case of states such as Liberia or Panama, which are flags of convenience for ship registration, call signs for larger vessels consist of the national prefix plus three letters. United States merchant vessels are given call signs beginning with the letters W or K while US naval ships are assigned callsigns beginning with N, leisure craft with VHF radios may not be assigned call signs, in which case the name of the vessel is used instead. Ships in the US wishing to have a radio licence anyway are under F. C. C, class SA, Ship recreational or voluntarily equipped. Those calls follow the land mobile format of the initial letter K or W followed by 1 or 2 letters followed by 3 or 4 numbers. U. S. Coast Guard small boats have a number that is shown on both bows in which the first two digits indicate the length of the boat in feet. For example, Coast Guard 47021 refers to the 21st in the series of 47 foot motor lifeboats, the call sign might be abbreviated to the final two or three numbers during operations, for example, Coast Guard zero two one. Call signs in aviation are derived from several different policies, depending upon the type of flight operation, in most countries, unscheduled general aviation flights identify themselves using the call sign corresponding to the aircrafts registration number. In this case, the sign is spoken using the International Civil Aviation Organization phonetic alphabet. Aircraft registration numbers internationally follow the pattern of a country prefix, for example, an aircraft registered as N978CP conducting a general aviation flight would use the call sign November-niner-seven-eight-Charlie-Papa. However, in the United States a pilot of an aircraft would normally omit saying November, at times, general aviation pilots might omit additional preceding numbers and use only the last three numbers and letters. This is especially true at uncontrolled fields when reporting traffic pattern positions, for example, Skyhawk eight-Charlie-Papa, left base
9.
TSN Radio
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TSN Radio is a semi-national sports radio brand and part-time network in Canada carried on AM radio stations owned by Bell Media Radio. The TSN Radio brand, and some of the content, is shared with Bell Medias television sports channel. With the American sports media company ESPN being a minority shareholder in TSN, most of the stations also air some ESPN Radio programming, TSN Radio currently operates stations in Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa, Hamilton, Winnipeg, Edmonton, and Vancouver. However, each station produces the vast majority of its programming locally, unlike sports radio networks in the United States, there is no all-day network feed, and very few Canadian-produced programs are simulcast nationally. The company further announced plans on October 3,2011, to convert its two stations in Winnipeg and Montreal under the TSN Radio banner on October 5,2011. Bell Canada gained 100% control of CTVglobemedias assets on April 1,2011, thus renaming the companys name to Bell Media and likewise renamed the radio division, CHUM Radio to Bell Media Radio. It was reported on January 19,2011 that Rob Gray, TSN entered radio broadcasting with CHUM in Toronto, which became the first station under the TSN Radio moniker, as TSN Radio 1050, on April 13,2011. The station serves as the flagship of the network, Bell Media further announced on October 3,2011 that its radio stations CKGM in Montreal and CFRW in Winnipeg would join the TSN Radio network on October 5,2011. CFRW had been anticipated as a member of the network, having abandoned its oldies format for sports in fall 2010. There were conflicting reports initially as to whether or not CFGO in Ottawa and CKST and CFTE in Vancouver will re-brand. TSN has said that the stations shall work closely with the TSN Radio stations. CJAD would have been given CKGMs English-language rights to the Montreal Canadiens after the flip, the CRTC ultimately rejected both proposals. Bell would ultimately receive an exemption to the ownership cap so it could remain the owner of CKGM through the acquisition, on September 30,2013, CFRN in Edmonton and CFGO in Ottawa re-branded as TSN Radio stations. On August 28,2014, it was announced that the Team stations in Vancouver—CKST, CKOC in Hamilton joined the network in summer 2015. It is operated as a joint venture between Bell Media and the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, who moved their broadcasts to CKOC and use the station as its new flagship. To date, TSN Radio has not yet created a national programming schedule along the lines of the 24-hour ESPN Radio and Fox Sports Radio services in the United States. Indeed, the TSN stations rarely if ever carry another stations local programming, although there are some common programs, this is mostly limited to a handful of specialty weekend shows, and to U. S. syndicated programming such as The Dan Patrick Show and ESPN Radio. Mike Richards signed on to host the Toronto stations morning show, the show airs from 5, 30am-9am, and was expected to be simulcast on TSN2 beginning in September 2011
10.
Bell Media
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CTVglobemedia, was one of Canadas largest private media companies. Its operations included newspaper publishing, television broadcasting and production, radio broadcasting, in September 2010, Bell announced plans to re-acquire full control of the groups broadcasting assets. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission approved the Bell/CTV portion of the deal in March 2011, the company was renamed Bell Media when the deal closed in April 2011, with Bells sympatico. ca Internet portal becoming part of Bell Media. CTVglobemedias main asset was CTV Inc. a major Canadian broadcaster, CTV and its subsidiaries own the following broadcast television assets, CTV, Canadas oldest, largest, and most-watched private broadcast television network, including 21 owned and operated stations. Along with broadcast television stations, CTVglobemedia also owned 30 cable television specialty channels, for all practical purposes, CTVglobemedia is the successor to Baton Broadcasting Inc. which by the late 1990s had become one of Canadas largest broadcasters. Baton Aldred Rogers Broadcasting Ltd. was originally formed in 1960 to operate Torontos first private TV station, the original investors included the Bassett and Eaton families, Joel Aldred and Ted Rogers, and Foster Hewitt in a much smaller role. Aldred sold his shares in 1961, followed by Rogers by 1970, with the Bassett and Eaton families firmly in control, CFTO was one of the charter affiliates of CTV when that network formed in 1961, becoming the networks flagship. In 1966, Baton became a part-owner in the network when it was reorganized as a station-owned cooperative, the Board of Broadcast Governors was initially skeptical about the proposal to turn CTV into a cooperative. Since CFTO was by far the largest and richest station in the network, additionally, if one owner ever bought another station, the acquired stations shares would be redistributed among the remaining owners so that each owner would still have one vote out of eight. In 1972, Baton began purchasing other CTV affiliates, starting with CFQC-TV in Saskatoon and this did not, however, give Baton a substantially higher investment in CTV, since its shares were redistributed among the other owners. As a result, Baton still had one vote out of eight. In 1987, Baton began an effort to take over CTV. It started this drive with an expansion into Saskatchewan, purchasing CKCK-TV in Regina, Yorkton twinstick CKOS-TV/CICC-TV. A twinstick CTV affiliate was soon launched in Prince Albert, CIPA-TV, in the late 1980s, Baton applied for a high-power station in Ottawa on channel 60. The licence was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, appealed to federal cabinet by rival broadcasters, however the licence was surrendered when Baton was instead able to acquire the local CTV affiliate, CJOH-TV, from Allan Slaights Standard Broadcasting. In 1990, Baton purchased the MCTV system of operations in Pembroke, North Bay, Sudbury, Timmins. In 1993, Baton purchased CFPL-TV in London, CKNX-TV in Wingham and received a licence for a new independent station, CHWI-TV, in 1991, the company launched Ontario Network Television, a secondary affiliation carried by Batons CTV and independent stations in Ontario. This was expanded in 1994 into the Baton Broadcast System, or BBS, BBS was meant as a backup in case Batons ongoing acquisitions did not translate into control of CTV itself
11.
Bell Media Radio
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Bell Media Radio is the Canadian radio broadcasting division of Bell Media which is owned by BCE Inc. The division owns the bulk of the properties owned by CHUM Limited until 2007 when it was purchased by CTVglobemedia. Bell Media Radio currently owns 106 radio stations across Canada, broadcasting in 45 markets, the companys programming is also distributed to other stations across Canada via its syndication division Orbyt Media, which prior to the acquisition by Bell was known as the CHUM Radio Network. On legal IDs for its stations, the IDs include A division of Bell Media after the call letters. In July 2008, CTVglobemedia sold its former location 1331 Yonge Street to developer Aspen Ridge Homes for $21.5 million, the stations were expected to move to 250 Richmond Street West, a downtown location near 299 Queen Street West. The large Dial 1050 CHUM neon sign from the Yonge Street building, which is considered a Toronto landmark, has moved to the new location. CHUM Radio also previously operated CHUM Satellite Services, a division which provided programming. This operation was acquired in 2009 by Stingray Digital, which renamed it Stingray360. On September 10,2010, BCE announced plans to re-acquire 100% of CTVglobemedias broadcasting arm, when the deal was finalized on April 1,2011, CTVglobemedia became Bell Media, and likewise CHUM Radio became Bell Media Radio. CHUM Radio had been the only division of the company to retain the CHUM name following the acquisition of CHUM Limited by CTVglobemedia in 2007. On January 6,2016, iHeartMedia announced that Bell Media would enter into a deal to launch a Canadian version of its radio streaming service iHeartRadio. Bell will handle Canadian licensing, marketing, and distribution of the service, contribute its content to the venture, the service launched in October 2016. Bell Media Radios stations broadcast in a variety of formats, although hot adult contemporary and its hot AC stations use a variety of brand names, but are all patterned to an extent after flagship CHUM-FM, while its adult hits stations are all branded as Bob FM. The company is the largest private-sector radio operator in Canada with 106 radio stations across the country, in 2007 and part of 2008, the hot adult contemporary radio stations also aired the national evening program The Sound Lounge. The company also operates eight radio stations, all branded as TSN Radio. The stations that did not remain AM sports radio stations are either oldies or news/talk formats, TSN Radio The Team CHUM Limited Bell Canada Virgin Radio Bell Media
12.
CFBR-FM
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CFBR-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting an active rock format at 100.3 on the FM dial in Edmonton, Alberta. The station uses its on-air brand name 100.3 The Bear and is owned by Bell Media, the station was launched in 1951 by Sunwapta Broadcasting as CFRN-FM, simulcasting the AM programming of CFRN. It launched separate programming in 1964, and adopted the callsign CKXM in 1979, the station was sold to CAP Communications in 1988 and adopted the callsign CJKE the following year. The station was acquired by Standard Broadcasting in 1992 and adopted the current CFBR callsign, on September 28,2007, the CRTC approved the sale of CFBR and all Standard Radio assets to Astral Media. On June 27,2013, the CRTC approved the sale of all but 10 Astral Media Radio Stations to BCE, the Bear is rebroadcast in Jasper on 92.3 FM. In 2008, CFBR was rated as the third most listened-to station in the Edmonton market, but by the Fall 2011 book, it had dropped to #6. The station is known for once having their own rock band called The Bear Band. Members of the included, Ry My on lead vocals and guitar, The Unbreakable Lucas Holt on bass, Lochlin Cross on harmonica. The Bear Band had a single called The Oilers H. O. P. E, song written about the Edmonton Oilers, available on iTunes. CFBR used to be the sign of an AM station in Brockville, Ontario, known today as CFJR. Official website CFBR-FM history - Canadian Communications Foundation Query the RECs Canadian station database for CFBR-FM
13.
CFMG-FM
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CFMG-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at FM104.9 in Edmonton, Alberta. Branded as 104-9 Virgin Radio, the airs a CHR format. The station also broadcasts a Punjabi language format on a Subsidiary Communications Multiplex Operation frequency, early years and EZ Rock The station launched in 1978 playing oldies from offices and studios just north of Edmonton in St. Albert. The original frequency was 1070 kHz with the callsign CKST, in 1988, CKST received approval to move from 1070 to 1200 AM and changed callsigns to CHMG the same year. CHMG received approval move from AM to FM in 1994, in 1995, CHMG changed to its current callsign, CFMG. At the same time, the station shifted to a contemporary format. Programmed by longtime broadcaster Tammy Cole, EZ Rock was a designed to appeal to office work environments. Music was slanted towards female listeners 25–54 years old, on September 28,2007, the CRTC approved the sale of CFMG and all Standard Radio assets to Astral Media. Astral changed the logo of the station in September 2010, however, in addition, most of the classic hits were dropped. Virgin Radio 104.9 On February 4,2011, the station dropped adult contemporary, EZ Rocks last song was The Boys Of Summer by Don Henley, while the first song on Virgin was Firework by Katy Perry. CFMG, during its adult contemporary week, did list its contemporary hit radio adds on Mediabases Canadian adult contemporary panel. A week after the station flipped formats, the station was delisted from Mediabases station adds, as of March 2011, CFMG-FM joined CHBN-FM on the Mediabase contemporary hit radio panel. CFMG is the third Virgin Radio station in Canada to have a mainstream top 40 format, the first being at Calgarys CIBK-FM the year before, and in Toronto at CKFM-FM in 2009. Every year for one week, along with sister stations CFBR and TSN1260,104.9 Virgin Radio present, Stollery Week, in past years all three stations had broadcast live for 2 days from the Stollery Childrens Hospital. In year one, $300,000 was raised for the Pediatric Oncology Unit, the station was also known for the EZ Rock Christmas Party for Single Parent Families where families in need are treated to a very special Christmas. The last ratings period when CFMG was a contemporary station placed the station at #4 with a 7.4 share. In the first ratings period as Virgin Radio, the station plummeted to #14, the Fall 2011 BBM Canada ratings book has the station up to #11 with a 4.9 share. 104-9 Virgin Radio CFMG history - Canadian Communications Foundation Query the RECs Canadian station database for CFMG-FM
14.
CFRN-DT
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CFRN-DT, virtual channel 3, is a CTV owned-and-operated television station located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The station is owned by Bell Media, and is sister to CTV Two owned-and-operated cable channel CTV Two Alberta, both television properties share studios located at 18520 Stony Plain Road in Edmonton, CFRNs transmitter is located near Highway 21, southeast of Sherwood Park. This station can also be seen on Shaw Cable channel 2, on Shaw Direct, the channel is available on 318 or 020, and in high definition on channel 013 or 513. This station is available on Bell TV channel 239 and in high definition on channel 1121. The station first signed on at 3,00 p. m. The station broadcasts, along with CTV Two,104.9 Virgin Radio, longtime Edmontonians still reminisce about such programs as the Noon Show that aired during the 1950s and 1960s with Don Brinton, Ed Kay, Norris McLean and George Kidd. Morning Magazine debuted when the station went on the air in 1954 and was hosted by Laura Lindsay, the program later became Day by Day with host Terry Lynne Meyer, who was replaced in 1994 by Seanna Collins, the show ended its run on June 30,1996. CFRN-TV was also the first television station to incorporate editorials, which were started by news manager Bill Hogle, in December 1956, two years after its inaugural telecast, CFRN-TV increased its transmitters power to 180,300 watts. In 1958, CFRN-TV fed live the opening of the Alberta Legislature, in June 1961, rebroadcasting stations were established at Edson and Carrot Creek. CFRN disaffiliated from CBC Television on September 30,1961, as that established its own station in Edmonton. Two more rebroadcasting stations were added at Whitecourt and Ashmont in 1966, more rebroadcasting stations were added at Lac La Biche, Grande Prairie and Peace River, Rocky Mountain House and Crimson Lake, Red Deer and Slave Lake, Grouard and Lougheed, Jasper and Athabasca. In 1974, CFRN-TV moved its transmitter to a new site with a 915-foot tower, CFRN-TV was sold in 1988 to Kitchener, Ontario-based Electrohome Limited, which was founded by Carl A. Pollock. During the mid to late 1980s, CFRN was known on-air as 2/3 TV before reverting back to CFRN, starting in 1990, CFRN-TV established regional newscasts with reporters/photographers located in Grande Prairie, Fort McMurray and Red Deer. Twice each weeknight, regional newscasts within the Eyewitness News broadcasts were directed to the three aforementioned areas of Alberta. Ownership of CFRN-TV changed in 1997, when Baton and Electrohome merged, later in March, the CTV board approved the deal, which required Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission approval. The CRTC hearing was held in September and was approved on December 7, also in 2000, master control for CFRN was relocated to the CTV Broadcast House at 80 Patina Rise Southwest in Calgary, home to sister station CFCN-TV. The Thomson familys Woodbridge Co. Ltd. increased its stake in Bell Globemedia from 31.5 percent to 40 percent, Two other investors were added to the deal, including Torstar Corp. and Ontario Teachers Pension Plan, each with 20 percent. On October 3,2006, the CRTC granted CFRN to change the licence for CFRN-TV-4 Ashmont by deleting the CFRN-TV-12 Athabasca transmitter and this was due to a change in the method of delivering the signal, along with local relevance
15.
Webcast
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A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand, essentially, webcasting is broadcasting over the Internet. The largest webcasters include existing radio and TV stations, who simulcast their output through online TV or online radio streaming, Webcasting usually consists of providing non-interactive linear streams or events. Rights and licensing bodies offer specific webcasting licenses to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyrighted material, Webcasting is used extensively in the commercial sector for investor relations presentations, in e-learning, and for related communications activities. However, webcasting does not bear much, if any, relationship to web conferencing, the ability to webcast using cheap/accessible technology has allowed independent media to flourish. There are many notable independent shows that broadcast regularly online, often produced by average citizens in their homes they cover many interests and topics. Webcasts relating to computers, technology, and news are particularly popular, Webcasting differs from podcasting in that webcasting refers to live streaming while podcasting simply refers to media files placed on the Internet. Webcasting is the distribution of media files through the internet, pakman from Apple, they launched the Macintosh New York Music Festival from July 17–22,1995. This event audio webcast concerts from more than 15 clubs in New York City, Apple later webcast a concert by Metallica on June 10,1996 live from Slims in San Francisco. In 1995, Benford E. Standley produced one of the first audio/video webcasts in history, on August 13,1998, it is generally believed the first webcast wedding took place, between Alan Knecht and Carrie Silverman in Toronto Canada. The live signal was broadcast via satellite to PA, then encoded and streamed via the BGEA website, the first teleconferenced/webcast wedding to date is believed to have occurred on December 31,1998. Dale Ficken and Lorrie Scarangella wed on this date as they stood in a church in Pennsylvania, on November 4,1994, Stef van der Ziel distributed the first live video images over the web from the Simplon venue in Groningen. On November 7,1994, WXYC, the radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill became the first radio station in the world to broadcast its signal over the internet. Translated versions including Subtitling are now possible using SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, a wedcast is a webcast of a wedding. It allows family and friends of the couple to watch the wedding in time on the Internet. Webcasting a funeral is also a service provided by funeral homes. Although it has been around for a decade, cheaper broadband, the strain of travel. International Webcasting Association Media clip Podcast Streaming media Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language Video blog Web radio Webisode Webinar PR Newswire
16.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
17.
Radio station
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A radio station is a set of equipment necessary to carry on communication via radio waves. Generally, it is a receiver or transmitter, an antenna, Radio stations play a vital role in communication technology as they are heavily relied on to transfer data and information across the world. More broadly, the definition of a radio station includes the aforementioned equipment, such a station may include several radio stations defined above. This definition of a station is more often referred to as a transmitter site. Each station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily», transmitter - Takes the electrical output of a microphone and then modulates a higher-frequency carrier signal and transmits it as radio waves. Receiver - The broadcast message is received by the receiver and decodes the radio sine waves, antenna - An antenna is required for transmission, it is also required to receive radio waves. The main use of an antenna is to radio signals. Aerial feeder - system of feeding HF-Energy in the antenna Transmission lines - Transmission lines are used to transfer the radio signals from one location to another. For example, a line was used in Luftwaffe, Germany during WW II to send information from camps back to their base. Connectors Interface panel remote control – This is used to various different types of the equipment used in a radio station. To input broadcast data into a transmitter an interface panel will need to be used, cable – A cable can be used to connect the various devices. Equipment Rack – To hold all equipment in a secure and logical manner, power protection equipment – For holding equipments in a stable, secure and logical manner. UPS – For uninterrupted power supply and these are the most used/important devices and items for most radio stations. A microphone is used to capture the input of sound created by people speaking into the device. The sounds are turned into electrical energy, this energy then flows along a metal antenna. As the electrons in the current move back and forth up the antenna. The waves travel at the speed of light, taking the program with them. A compound of both a transmitter and a receiver is called a transceiver, they are combined and share common circuitry or a single housing, when no circuitry is common between the transmit and receive functions, the device becomes a transmitter-receiver
18.
AM broadcasting
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AM broadcasting is the process of radio broadcasting using amplitude modulation. AM was the first method of impressing sound on a signal and is still widely used today. Commercial and public AM broadcasting is authorized in the wave band worldwide. Commercial AM broadcasting developed from amateur broadcasts around 1920, and was the commercially important form of radio broadcasting until FM broadcasting began after World War II. This period is known as the Golden Age of Radio, today, AM competes with FM, as well as with various digital radio broadcasting services distributed from terrestrial and satellite transmitters. AM broadcasting was the first broadcasting technology invented, the technology of amplitude modulation radio transmission was developed between 1900 and 1920. This was used for private communication and message traffic, such as telegrams. The entrepreneurs who developed AM radiotelephone transmission did not anticipate broadcasting voice, the term broadcasting, borrowed from agriculture, was applied to this new activity around 1920. Prior to 1920 there was no concept of broadcasting, or that radio listeners could be a market for entertainment. Although there were a number of broadcasts during this period. True radio broadcasting didnt begin until around 1920, when it sprang up spontaneously among amateur stations, AM remained the dominant method of broadcasting for the next 30 years, a period called the Golden Age of Radio, until FM broadcasting started to become widespread in the 1950s. AM remains a popular, profitable entertainment medium today and the dominant form of broadcasting in some such as Australia. The first AM voice transmission was made by Canadian researcher Reginald Fessenden on 23 December 1900, Fessenden is a significant figure in the development of AM radio. He helped develop one of the first – the Alexanderson alternator, the first practical continuous wave AM transmitters were based on versions of the Poulsen arc transmitter invented in 1903, and the huge, expensive Alexanderson alternator, developed 1906–1910. The modifications necessary to transmit AM were clumsy and resulted in low audio quality. Modulation was usually accomplished by a carbon microphone inserted directly in the antenna wire, the limited power handling ability of the microphone severely limited the power of the first radiotelephones, in powerful transmitters water-cooled microphones had to be used. At the receiving end, the crystal radio receivers then in use could not drive loudspeakers, only earphones. The discovery in 1912 of the ability of the Audion vacuum tube, invented in 1906 by Lee De Forest
19.
CTV Television Network
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CTV is an English-language broadcast television network in Canada launched in 1961. Since 2000 it is owned by the Bell Media division of BCE, Bell Media also operates additional CTV-branded properties, including the 24-hour national cable news network CTV News Channel and the secondary CTV Two television system. Calgary and Edmonton were served by privately owned CBC affiliates, the six markets by CBC owned-and-operated stations. Indeed, Baton had already begun quietly contacting the successful applicants in other cities to gauge their interest in forming a group to share Canadian programming among the stations. This led to the July 1960 formation of the Independent Television Organization, consisting of all eight of the newly licensed private stations, each station would have a single vote in the ITOs operations, regardless of the size of the stations audience. The ITO soon resolved to apply for a licence to link these second stations. The BBG – and particularly its chair Andrew Stewart – was not in favour of a station-owned network, although it did not immediately approve Caldwells proposal, it soon set several conditions on such a network that effectively made Caldwells group the only feasible applicant. That fall, the Caldwell group and the ITO faced off in a series of meetings with the BBG, ultimately, the BBG granted a licence to CTN, conditional on securing the affiliation of six of the eight ITO stations. Batons opposition to the CTN reversed in early 1961, soon after CFTO won the broadcast rights to the Canadian Football League Eastern Conference for the 1961 and 1962 seasons. Batons original plan was to operate a network to distribute the games incorporating CFTO, other independent stations. Although the plan was never officially rejected, various uncertainties eventually led John Bassett to decide to sign an agreement with CTN instead to ensure the games would air. The network finally launched as the CTV Television Network on October 1,1961, the CBC had objected to the networks initial name, apparently claiming it had exclusive rights to the term Canadian, and therefore the letters CTV have no official expanded meaning. The CTV networks first night on-air began with Harry Raskys promotional documentary on the new network and that was followed by a fall season preview program. At first, flagship CFTO was the station that carried programming live. During CBCs off-hours, CTV used CBCs microwave system to send programming to the rest of the country on tape delay, eventually, a second microwave channel opened up, enabling live programming from coast to coast. For example, most of the rights to American programming rested with the ITO, in many cases, CTV found itself competing with its own stations for the rights to programming. Caldwells departure in 1965 did little to alleviate the situation, in 1966, the networks affiliates sought permission to buy the network and run it as a cooperative. The BBG was initially skeptical of the proposal, since CFTO was by far the largest and richest station, the BBG feared that CFTO would dominate CTV if the stations were allowed to buy the network
20.
Owned-and-operated station
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In the broadcasting industry, an owned-and-operated station usually refers to a television or radio station that is owned by the network with which it is associated. This distinguishes such a station from an affiliate, which is independently owned, the concept of an O&O is clearly defined in the United States and Canada, where network-owned stations had historically been the exception rather than the rule. In the broadcasting industry, the term owned-and-operated station refers exclusively to stations that are owned by television, on the other hand, the term affiliate only applies to stations that are not owned by networks, but instead are contracted to air programming from one of the major networks. The term station correctly applies to the ownership of the station, for example, a station that is owned and operated by the American Broadcasting Company is referred to as an ABC station or an ABC O&O, but normally should not be referred to as an affiliate. Likewise, a station not owned by ABC but contracted to air the networks programming is referred to as an ABC affiliate, that is. A correct formal phrasing could be, ABC affiliate WFAA is a Gannett station, some stations that are owned by companies that operate a network, but air another networks programming are referred to as an affiliate of the network that they carry. For example, WBFS-TV in Miami is owned by the CBS networks parent company CBS Corporation, prior to the September 2006 shutdown of the CBS-owned UPN television network, WBFS aired that networks programming, therefore, WBFS was a UPN O&O. The stations carrying The WB Television Network were another exception, the controlling shares in the network were held by Time Warner, with minority interests from the Tribune Company and, for a portion of networks existence, the now-defunct ACME Communications. While Tribune-owned stations such as WGN-TV in Chicago, WPIX in New York City and KTLA in Los Angeles aired programming from The WB, a similar exception existed when UPN launched in January 1995 by co-owners Chris-Craft and Viacom. Each of the owned a number of stations that aired the network. However, the stations were not considered O&Os under the initial standard definition. This ambiguity ended with Viacoms buyout of Chris-Crafts share of the network in 2000, the stations were referred to informally as UPN O&Os. Following the shutdowns of UPN and The WB, CBS Corporation, Entertainment became co-owners of the new CW Television Network, which largely merged the programming from both networks onto the scheduling model used by The WB. The network launched in September 2006 on 11 UPN stations owned by CBS Corporation, certain UPN and WB affiliates in markets where Tribune and CBS both owned stations carrying those networks either picked up a MyNetworkTV affiliation or became independent stations. The standard definition of an O&O again does not apply to The CW, in Australia, Seven Network, Nine Network and Network Ten each own and operate stations in the five largest metropolitan areas. These television markets together account for two thirds of the countrys population, in addition, Seven also owns and operates its local station in regional Queensland, and Nine owns and operates its station in Darwin. Nine also owns and operates NBN Television, based in Newcastle, the two national public broadcasters, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and Special Broadcasting Service, own and operate all of their local stations. In Japan, commercial terrestrial television is focused on five organizations, the four largest of these – Nippon TV, Tokyo Broadcasting System, Fuji Television, and TV Asahi – each own and operate stations in the Tokyo, Keihanshin, Chukyo and Fukuoka metropolitan areas
21.
CKHJ
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CKHJ is a Canadian radio station in Fredericton, New Brunswick broadcasting at 1260 on the AM dial. The station broadcasts a music format under the KHJ branding. The station is owned by Bell Media which also sister stations CFXY-FM and CIBX-FM. Based on the current format, CKHJ competes with Newcap-owned CFRK-FM, the station at 1260 AM first signed on August 19,1977 as CIHI. In June 2000 the station swapped frequencies with what was then CKHJ-FM, with CIHI assuming CKHJs 105.3 frequency and CKHJ moving to 1260 AM. There are two rebroadcasters of CKHJ on FM due to the AM stations weak signal to the south and east of the city, CKHJ-1-FM on 95.1 in New Maryland, all three transmitters can be heard over most of Fredericton, effectively creating a simulcast. CKHJ, along with CIHI, was owned by Radio One Ltd. from its creation until 1999, Telemedia then sold the stations to Astral Media in 2002. Current owners Bell Media acquired the stations from Astral Media in 2013. The stations transmitter is on Royal Road, northwest of Fredericton, on November 27,2008, CKHJ applied to increase the signal of CKHJ-2-FM Oromocto. The station received approval on January 26,2009, KHJ CKHJ history - Canadian Communications Foundation Query the RECs Canadian station database for CKHJ
22.
Fredericton
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Fredericton is the capital of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The city is situated in the portion of the province along the Saint John River. One of the urban centres in New Brunswick, the city had a population of 56,224 in the 2011 census. It is the third-largest city in the province after Moncton and Saint John, the city hosts the annual Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival, attracting regional and international jazz, blues, rock, and world artists. Fredericton is also an important and vibrant center point for the regions top visual artists, many of New Brunswicks notable artists live, Fredericton has also been home to some great historical Canadian painters as well, including Goodridge Roberts, and Molly and Bruno Bobak. As a provincial capital, its economy is tied to the sector, however. The city has the highest percentage of residents with an education in the province. The earliest known inhabitation of the dates back 12,000 years, according to archaeologists. Excavations unearthed a campsite with firepit and more than 600 artifacts including stone tool fragments, the area of the present-day city of Fredericton was first used for seasonal farming by the Maliseet peoples. Maliseet cultivated food plants including, beans, pumpkins, Jerusalem artichokes, ground nuts, in the mid-18th century their principal village of Aucpaque was located several kilometres upriver from the site of present-day Fredericton. The first European contact was by the French in the late 17th century, Joseph Robineau de Villebon received a land grant and was appointed governor of Acadia. During King Williams War, Villebon built Fort Nashwaak on the side of the Saint John River. For most of the war, Fort Nashwaak served as the capital of the French colony of Acadia, French and English hostilities continued along the border. Within weeks of an attack of French and Indigenous forces launched from Fort Nashwaak on Pemaquid, Maine, in 1696, an expedition under command of Major Benjamin Church set out to destroy Fort Nashwaak. Commander Villebon had been alerted and prepared his defences, on 18 October, the British troops arrived near the fort, landed three cannons, and assembled earthworks on the south bank of the Nashwaak River. For two days gunfire was exchanged, with the advantage going to the better-sited Acadian guns. The New Englanders were defeated, with 8 soldiers killed and 17 wounded, the Acadians sustained losses of one killed and two wounded. After Villebons death in 1700 and a flood that destroyed several French farms in the area
23.
New Brunswick
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New Brunswick is one of Canadas three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally bilingual province. In the Canada 2016 Census, Statistics Canada estimated the population to have been 747,101, down very slightly from 751,171 in 2011. The majority of the population is English-speaking of Anglo and Celtic heritage and it was created as a result of the partitioning of the British colony of Nova Scotia in 1784 and was originally named New Ireland with the capital to be in Saint John. The name was replaced with New Brunswick by King George II. The provincial flag features a ship superimposed on a background with a yellow lion passant guardant on red pennon above it. The province is named for the city of Braunschweig, known in English and Low German as Brunswick, located in modern-day Lower Saxony in northern Germany. The then-colony was named in 1784 to honour the reigning British monarch, George III, the original First Nations inhabitants of New Brunswick were members of three distinct tribes. The largest tribe was the Mikmaq, and they occupied the eastern and they were responsible for the Augustine Mound, a burial ground built about 800 BCE near Metepnákiaq. The western portion of the province was the home of the Wolastoqiyik people. The smaller Passamaquoddy tribe occupied lands in the southwest of the province. The next French contact was in 1604, when a party led by Pierre du Gua de Monts and Samuel de Champlain set up camp for the winter on St. Croix Island, the colony relocated the following year across the Bay of Fundy to Port Royal, Nova Scotia. The whole maritime region was at that time claimed by France and was designated as the colony of Acadia, one of the provisions of the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 was the surrender of Acadia to Queen Anne. The bulk of the Acadian population thus found themselves residing in the new British colony of Nova Scotia, the remainder of Acadia was only lightly populated and poorly defended. The Maliseet from their headquarters at Meductic on the Saint John River, participated in guerilla raids and battles against New England during Father Rales War. About 1750, to protect his interests in New France, Louis XV caused three forts to be built along the Isthmus of Chignecto and this caused what is known to historians as Father Le Loutres War. During the French and Indian War, the British completed their displacement of the Acadians over all of present-day New Brunswick, Fort Beauséjour, Fort Menagoueche and Fort Gaspareaux were captured by a British force commanded by Lt. Col. Robert Monckton in 1755. Inside Fort Beauséjour, the British forces found not only French regular troops, Governor Charles Lawrence of Nova Scotia used the discovery of Acadian civilians helping in the defence of the fort to order the expulsion of the Acadian population from Nova Scotia. The Acadians of the recently captured Beaubassin and Petitcodiac regions were included in the expulsion order, other actions in the war included British expeditions up the Saint John River in the St. John River Campaign
24.
CBPM
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Weatheradio Canada is a Canadian radio network that broadcasts continuous weather information. Owned and operated by Environment and Climate Change Canadas Meteorological Service of Canada division, as of August 2007, most of these AM and FM transmitters were unlicensed by the CRTC under a special license exemption granted to low-power non-commercial broadcasters. Weatheradio Canada has a coverage rate of over 90%. However, not every populated or forecasted region of the country is within range of a transmitter, the radio frequencies used by Weatheradio Canada are the same as those used by its American counterpart, NOAA Weather Radio. Weather radio receivers designed for use in one country are compatible for use in the other, since 2004, the service has been using Specific Area Message Encoding alerting technology to disseminate severe weather bulletins. Weatheradio has indicated that, in the future, it plans to add other hazard. For the most part, the VHF-FM band plan and radio technology used remains the same, while Weatheradio has evolved and incorporated many features into its broadcasts, Canada has not made any innovations to the transmission standard, as the technology was designed for American use. However, the technology is available for Canadians to implement at their discretion, Weatheradio Canada signals are transmitted using FM, with band spacing of 25 kHz. Weather alert broadcasts are inserted within the normal playlist, and are available in official languages. Marine forecasts are broadcast, though on a limited schedule, most marine forecasts are broadcast on the marine frequency, which is not available on most weather radios. One requires a receiver capable of receiving the marine frequency. Environment Canada formerly broadcast a full marine forecast which included marine alerts, Weather broadcasts also include the UV index for the forecasted day, and for the following day during the UV index season. The index runs from 1 to 10, Environment Canada intends on changing the language used in their broadcasts, this also includes the Severe Weather Bulletins. English Weather information broadcasts in English are updated at 5, 00AM,11, 00AM,4, revised forecasts are issued when conditions warrant between the scheduled times as indicated here. In the late 1990s, Environment Canada stopped using the phrase REVISED before the revised forecast, Weather Conditions are updated hourly which includes, Time, City/Town, temperature, sky condition, wind speed, relative humidity, barometric pressure and station identification. French Weather information broadcast in French is updated at 5, 00AM,11, 00AM,4, revised forecasts are issued when conditions warrant between the scheduled times as indicated here. In the late 1990s Environment Canada stopped using the phrase REVISED before the revised forecast, Weather Conditions are updated hourly, this includes, Time, City/Town, temperature, sky condition, wind speed, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and station identification. Alert Test Environment Canada conducts a Required Weekly Test each Wednesday and this test enables users to confirm that their weather-radio devices are in working order
25.
CBPU
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Weatheradio Canada is a Canadian radio network that broadcasts continuous weather information. Owned and operated by Environment and Climate Change Canadas Meteorological Service of Canada division, as of August 2007, most of these AM and FM transmitters were unlicensed by the CRTC under a special license exemption granted to low-power non-commercial broadcasters. Weatheradio Canada has a coverage rate of over 90%. However, not every populated or forecasted region of the country is within range of a transmitter, the radio frequencies used by Weatheradio Canada are the same as those used by its American counterpart, NOAA Weather Radio. Weather radio receivers designed for use in one country are compatible for use in the other, since 2004, the service has been using Specific Area Message Encoding alerting technology to disseminate severe weather bulletins. Weatheradio has indicated that, in the future, it plans to add other hazard. For the most part, the VHF-FM band plan and radio technology used remains the same, while Weatheradio has evolved and incorporated many features into its broadcasts, Canada has not made any innovations to the transmission standard, as the technology was designed for American use. However, the technology is available for Canadians to implement at their discretion, Weatheradio Canada signals are transmitted using FM, with band spacing of 25 kHz. Weather alert broadcasts are inserted within the normal playlist, and are available in official languages. Marine forecasts are broadcast, though on a limited schedule, most marine forecasts are broadcast on the marine frequency, which is not available on most weather radios. One requires a receiver capable of receiving the marine frequency. Environment Canada formerly broadcast a full marine forecast which included marine alerts, Weather broadcasts also include the UV index for the forecasted day, and for the following day during the UV index season. The index runs from 1 to 10, Environment Canada intends on changing the language used in their broadcasts, this also includes the Severe Weather Bulletins. English Weather information broadcasts in English are updated at 5, 00AM,11, 00AM,4, revised forecasts are issued when conditions warrant between the scheduled times as indicated here. In the late 1990s, Environment Canada stopped using the phrase REVISED before the revised forecast, Weather Conditions are updated hourly which includes, Time, City/Town, temperature, sky condition, wind speed, relative humidity, barometric pressure and station identification. French Weather information broadcast in French is updated at 5, 00AM,11, 00AM,4, revised forecasts are issued when conditions warrant between the scheduled times as indicated here. In the late 1990s Environment Canada stopped using the phrase REVISED before the revised forecast, Weather Conditions are updated hourly, this includes, Time, City/Town, temperature, sky condition, wind speed, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and station identification. Alert Test Environment Canada conducts a Required Weekly Test each Wednesday and this test enables users to confirm that their weather-radio devices are in working order
26.
CISL (AM)
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CISL is a Canadian radio station, in Vancouver, British Columbia, owned by Newcap Radio. The station currently offers an easy listening/adult standards format branded as CISL650 Smooth & Easy broadcasting at 650 AM and it is one of Canadas few remaining successful music stations on the AM dial. The calls in its moniker are generally pronounced C-Isle, cISLs studios are located in Richmond, while its transmitters are located on Lulu Island. CISL originally signed on on May 1,1980, at a frequency of 940 kHz, the licence was granted to South Fraser Broadcasting, a group controlled by Michael Dickinson, whose previous broadcast experience included a stint at Vancouver radio stations CHQM AM/FM. About 1985, the frequency was changed to 650 kHz and the power increased to 10,000 watts. On December 27,1988, CISL shifted to an oldies format. The original Richmond community programming expanded to all of the lower mainland. CISL enjoyed its greatest ratings and sales success from 1986 to 1989, in 1990, South Fraser Broadcasting was issued an FM license, which went on the air as CKZZ-FM the following year. CISL and CKZZ were sold by South Fraser Broadcasting to Standard Broadcasting in May 1996, today, CISL broadcasts out of Richmond, British Columbia. In September 2007, CISL stopped using the Oldies 650 CISL name and became SuperHits 650 CISL, on October 29,2007, CISL along with the rest of the Standard Broadcasting stations were sold to Astral Media. On November 10,2008, at 9 AM, after playing Kiss and Say Goodbye by The Manhattans, the classic hits/oldies format moved to Rogers-owned CFUN-FM in September. The move was a result of Jim Pattison Group flipping CKBD from its adult standards format to an adult alternative format. The first song on All Time Favourites was Weve Only Just Begun by The Carpenters and this application received approval on January 26,2010. In March 2013, the Competition Bureau approved a proposal by Bell Media to acquire Astral Media, under the condition that it divest itself of several television services, following the closure of the merger in July 2013, CISL was placed in a blind trust pending its eventual sale. On August 26,2013, Newcap Radio announced it would acquire CISL along with four other former Astral Media radio stations held under blind trust by Bell Media for $112 million. The deal was approved by the CRTC on March 19,2014, the application was approved on August 14. On August 25,2014, CISL changed their branding to Smooth & Easy, CISL650 CISL history - Canadian Communications Foundation Query the FCCs AM station database for CISL Query the RECs Canadian station database for CISL
27.
Vancouver
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Vancouver is a coastal seaport city in Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, the Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre. With over 250,000 residents, Vancouver municipality is the fourth most densely populated city in North America behind New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census. In that census, Vancouver was one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, Vancouver is classed as a Beta global city. In 2014, following thirty years in California, the annual TED conference made Vancouver its indefinite home, several matches of the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup were played in Vancouver, including the final at BC Place Stadium. From that first enterprise, other stores and some hotels quickly appeared along the waterfront to the west, Gastown became formally laid out as a registered townsite dubbed Granville, B. I. As of 2014, Port Metro Vancouver is the third largest port by tonnage in the Americas, 27th in the world, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, archaeological records indicate the presence of Aboriginal people in the Vancouver area from 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. The city is located in the territories of the Squamish, Musqueam. They had villages in various parts of present-day Vancouver, such as Stanley Park, False Creek, Kitsilano, Point Grey, the city takes its name from George Vancouver, who explored the inner harbour of Burrard Inlet in 1792 and gave various places British names. The explorer and North West Company trader Simon Fraser and his became the first known Europeans to set foot on the site of the present-day city. In 1808, they travelled from the east down the Fraser River, perhaps as far as Point Grey. The Fraser Gold Rush of 1858 brought over 25,000 men, mainly from California, to nearby New Westminster on the Fraser River, on their way to the Fraser Canyon, a sawmill established at Moodyville in 1863, began the citys long relationship with logging. It was quickly followed by mills owned by Captain Edward Stamp on the shore of the inlet. This mill, known as the Hastings Mill, became the nucleus around which Vancouver formed, the mills central role in the city waned after the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s. It nevertheless remained important to the economy until it closed in the 1920s. The settlement which came to be called Gastown grew up quickly around the original makeshift tavern established by Gassy Jack Deighton in 1867 on the edge of the Hastings Mill property
28.
The Team (radio network)
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The Team was a Canadian sports radio network, which broadcast from 2001 to 2002. It was owned and operated by CHUM Limited, based on the format of their Ottawa station The Team 1200. It was dissolved as a network in 2002 amid poor ratings, although a few of its former stations retained the sports format. The network was launched on May 7,2001, but struggled to build an audience in many cities, the switch of 1050 CHUM, the networks flagship station, away from its popular former oldies format was also controversial. In August 2002, after just over a year on the air, CHUM pulled the plug, all of the stations, save the former Calgary affiliate, are now owned by CHUMs successor Bell Media. CFAC in Calgary and CFRN in Edmonton were also affiliates of the Team, although the stations were not CHUM-owned — CFAC was owned by Rogers and CFRN by Standard Broadcasting. After the Team network folded, both retained the sports format, although CFAC adopted the name The Fan 960, as Rogers had by this time acquired Torontos Fan 590. CFRN, now owned by Bell Media Radio, continued to use the Team branding until joining TSN Radio in 2013. Vancouvers CFTE, a station to CKST, also converted to the Team branding in 2009, airing a similar. Meanwhile, CHUMs Winnipeg AM station CFRW returned to a format on September 27,2010, at the time. The station was relaunched as TSN Radio 1290 on October 5,2011. Plans on launching a new TSN Radio brand began in January 2011 and Torontos radio station CHUM became the first station under the new TSN Radio network as TSN Radio 1050 on April 13,2011
29.
Prime Time Sports
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Prime Time Sports is a sports radio talk show produced from the studios of The FAN590 in Toronto, Ontario. The show is hosted by Bob McCown, the program is broadcast weekdays from 4,00 p. m. to 7,00 p. m. ET on The FAN590. A television simulcast is also carried on Sportsnet 360, the show was first broadcast on October 2,1989 as a syndicated sports radio talk show from 6,10 pm –7,00 pm EST with Bob McCown as the host and Bill Watters as co-host. Newspaper columnist Jim Hunt later became the co-host of the program, when CJCL changed their format to all-sports radio in 1992, Prime Time Sports became the stations afternoon drive show, while also being syndicated nationwide. In 1993, McCown was re-assigned as the new morning show host. Hunt continued on in his role as co-host, in 1995, Shulman left the station to join TSN, and McCown was re-united with Hunt. Hunt was co-host until 2000 when he was let go by the station, in 2004, Rogers Sportsnet began simulcasting the show on television. In 2009, the show was available on the East regional feed only, in 2005, the program began making the 6,00 p. m. to 7,00 p. m. audio content available as a podcast and streaming audio on The FAN 590s website. As of 2009, all three hours of the show are now available as a podcast, in July 2010, the shows live broadcast hours were changed from 4, 00–7,00 p. m. Howard Berger was the first producer of Prime Time Sports. Chris Clarke took over one year later and produced the show for eight years, Clarke is to this day the longest serving producer. Others who produced the show include Mike Gentile, Greg Sansone, Mike Damergis, a past co-host who still appears regularly on the show is Doug Smith of the Toronto Star. Former co-host Jim Kelley of Sportsnet. ca and SI. com is now deceased, in February 2011, McCown was reunited with Damien Cox of the Toronto Star, sharing co-hosting duties with Stephen Brunt. Later in April, the shows broadcast hours were changed back from 3,00 -6,00 p. m, among McCowns regular guest callers are boxing writer Bert Randolph Sugar and former football star Jim Brown, who played for McCowns hometown Cleveland Browns. On Fridays, McCown is joined in studio by that weeks co-host and this is more in-depth, free-form discussion about the weeks sports news and issues. When McCown is unable to host the program, Jeff Blair, the show changed its timeslot in July 2010 from the traditional 4–7 slot to a 3–6 slot. This was a bit of a move as Prime Time Sports early ratings from 2010 were the best in the shows history. It changed back with the debut of the show Tim and Sid, pratt & Taylor, a similar show broadcast from the studios of The Team 1040 in Vancouver and simulcast on Rogers Sportsnet Prime Time Sports Sportsnet page
30.
The Jim Rome Show
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The Jim Rome Show is a sports radio talk show hosted by Jim Rome. It airs live for three hours each weekday from 9 a. m. to noon Pacific Standard Time, the show is produced in Los Angeles, syndicated by CBS Sports Radio, and can be heard on affiliate radio stations in the U. S. and Canada. The Jim Rome Show began on XTRA Sports 690 in San Diego, in 1996, Premiere Radio Networks picked up the program for national syndication. Sometime after, the show was shortened by one hour and the broadcast location was shifted from XTRA Sports 690 to the Premiere Radio Networks studio complex in Sherman Oaks, California. As part of the broadcast deal bringing Romes TV show to CBS Sports Network, brian Whitey Albers, engineer until 2005. The three-hour program is a mixture of interviews, calls, emails, Tweets and Romes own thoughts, the opening and closing theme is Lust for Life by Iggy Pop. The program usually begins with headlines, when Rome highlights the main news of the day with his thoughts. One of the parts of the program is Rome reading emails. He usually comments positively or negatively depending on the message, ones he does not like are followed by a loud crumpling noise, as if the message is being crumpled and thrown in the garbage. Many emails and Tweets are smack talk, where the messenger is putting down someone in sports, pop culture, Rome takes calls and ask callers to call in, though many times he does not take any of the calls at all. Romes rules for calls is have a take, dont suck, calls that are good in his opinion will be racked, which means they will be saved for future use. Bad calls get buzzed and cut off, followed usually by humiliation from Rome, some calls get neither and usually will be followed by brief analysis or thoughts by Rome. The final segments of the show usually include e-mail and Twitter contests, sometimes these contests include $50 gift cards from one of Romes sponsors, OReilly AutoParts. Friday episodes include the week rewind, known as Alvin Delloros Week that Was, sometimes, for comedic effect, Rome replays a sound bite over and over. From February 11 to March 11,2009, all of Romes shows contained an interview with an individual with the given name Rex, in 2010, as a complement to his annual show entitled The Smack-Off, Rome instituted The Hack-Off. It was typically held a week before The Smack-Off, with the winner earning an entry into that event. It was initially referred to as the Eddie in Boise Invitational, some of the more popular callers included Vinnie Mac, Matt in Cleveland, Eddie in Boise, Ryan in Wichita, Ray Ray in Tampa, Jolene in Farmington, and Jason in Ottawa. It is still unclear if the winner of the event was the worst of the worst or the best of the worst, much to everyones disappointment, Rome decided to kill The Hack-off after the 2013 event
31.
Astral Media
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Astral Media was a Canadian media corporation. TV, Séries+, Ztélé and more. Astral also had numerous billboards for outdoor advertising through its Astral Out-of-Home division, as a result, the acquisition was blocked by the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission in October 2012. A revised merger, which saw the divesture of several Astral-owned television properties, the company was dissolved in July 2013 as a result of Astrals assets being officially acquired by Bell. The Astral brand survives solely through its use by the Astral Out-of-Home division, Astral Media Radio G. P. remained the licensee for most of the Astral radio stations acquired by Bell until July 2014, when it was renamed Bell Media Radio G. P. Astral Medias roots lie with Angreen Photo, a Canadian company founded in 1961 and it was created when Montreals Greenberg brothers, led by Harold Greenberg, founded it to operate the photography concession in Miracle Mart, a department store chain. The store grew quickly into motion picture processing after acquiring the Pathé-Humphries motion picture lab in 1968, the Greenbergs took Astra Photo public as Astral Communications Limited on July 26,1971. Astral, was constituted in 1973 under the name Astral Bellevue Pathé Limited, Astral eventually undertook videocassette duplication and video wholesaling. Astral also produced or executive produced over 100 feature films and television programs, the company would later expand its television operations by launching new specialty networks. Later, it became involved with the home video market. In February 2000, Astral Communications changed its name to Astral Media, a formal agreement was later announced, with the proposed transaction being approved by the CRTC on September 28, and completed on October 29 of the same year. The transaction gave Astral Media a significant foothold in English-language radio, in May 2010, Astral Media remodeled its image with the introduction of a new logo. The company then began trading simply as Astral and all references to the Media part were removed from the logo, however, the companys official name remained Astral Media. Following this change, Astral relocated its headquarters to a building that was renamed after itself, on March 16,2012, Astral Media announced that it accepted an estimated $3.38 billion takeover bid by Bell Canada to merge with the companys Bell Media division. The Bell/Astral merger was opposed by several competing media companies. Cogeco, Vidéotron, and Eastlink formed a coalition and awareness campaign known as Say No To Bell in August 2012 to publicize their concerns surrounding the deal, on October 18,2012, the CRTC announced that it had rejected BCEs proposal to acquire Astral Media. Following the rejection of the deal by the CRTC, Bell Canada CEO George A, Bell attempted to ask the Cabinet to overturn the CRTCs decision, but was told that they did not have the ability to do so. Bell also reportedly considered going to the Federal Court of Appeal, Rogers Media expressed interest in acquiring some of Astrals channels if such a sale were to occur. The CRTC made the takeover proposal public on March 6,2013
32.
Edmonton Capitals
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The Edmonton Capitals, originally the Edmonton Cracker-Cats, were a Canadian professional independent minor league baseball team that played between 2005 and 2011 in several leagues. The Capitals are based in Edmonton, Alberta, and are inactive as they do not belong to any league. The Cracker-Cats moved to the Golden Baseball League in 2008 and were sold to Daryl Katz, the team adopted the name Capitals after Katzs purchase and also adopted the same colors as their corporate sibling. The team last played in 2011 as a member of the North American League, the Cracker-Cats began as an expansion team in 2005 as a member of the Northern League. They played the first game of their season on May 20,2005. Their first home game did not take place one week later when they hosted the Sioux Falls Canaries in front of 7,894 fans. On June 13,2006, a string of balls in the first two innings touched off two major brawls between the Cracker-Cats and their provincial rivals, the Calgary Vipers. After Edmontons Greg Morrison was hit by a Calgary pitch for the time in five games. The resulting melee was so violent that the umpires sent both teams off the field, and suspended the game for over an hour to consult with league officials. When the Cracker-Cats refused to return to the field afterward, the game was declared a forfeit, as a result of the suspension, Cracker-Cats manager Terry Bevington resigned. The league came down hard on teams, as both managers and seven players were suspended a total of 79 games. On July 18,2006, Stubby Clapp was named Most Valuable Player of the Northern League All-Star Game, on September 3,2006, the Cats finished their second season six games back in the wild card race and missed the playoffs. The 2007 season was a major disappointment, after three years in the Northern League, the Cracker-Cats joined the Golden Baseball League on October 24,2007. This occurred just after the rival Vipers jumped to the league, on June 30,2008, The Cats set a new attendance record of 8,676 fans against the Vipers. On August 22,2008, the Cracker-Cats clinched a spot by defeating the Orange County Flyers 13–4. They faced the Vipers, who won the first half, in the first-ever North Division Championship Series, on February 4,2009, the Cracker-Cats were purchased for $400,000 by Katz Baseball Corp. led by Daryl Katz who also owns the National Hockey Leagues Edmonton Oilers. A new name was drawn from a contest, renaming the franchise the Capitals, the Capitals were one of six former GBL teams to join the newly formed North American League in 2010 and began play in 2011. The Capitals won the championship in the inaugural season of the NAL
33.
John Short (journalist)
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John Short is a Canadian sports journalist and broadcaster. He writes a column for the Edmonton Sun, Short formerly worked for the Canadian Press, Edmonton Journal, as well as the Edmonton Oilers as public relations director. He has also hosted various sports-related radio shows and he serves on the board of directors for the Alberta Sport Connection, and has also served on the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame Selection Committee
34.
Edmonton Oil Kings
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The Edmonton Oil Kings are a major junior ice hockey team based in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada that play in the Western Hockey League. As of July 2008, they are owned by Daryl Katzs Oilers Entertainment Group, the 2007–08 season was the newest incarnation of the Oil Kings inaugural season in the Western Hockey League. To date NHL alumni are Tomas Vincour, Mark Pysyk, Curtis Lazar, Keegan Lowe, Griffin Reinhart, Henrik Samuelsson, Laurent Brossoit, and David Musil. As the 2012 WHL champions, the Oil Kings played in the 2012 Memorial Cup, losing 6-1 against the winning team. The Oil Kings won the 2014 Memorial Cup, defeating the Guelph Storm in the 2014 Memorial Cup final game. The newest incarnation of the Oil Kings are the fourth WHL team to play in Edmonton, preceded by the first Edmonton Oil Kings, the second Oil Kings and the Edmonton Ice. The original Edmonton Oil Kings were a hockey team that played in the Western Canada Junior Hockey League from 1951 to 1956. They then played with the senior amateur Central Alberta Hockey League from 1956 to 1965 and they joined the Alberta Senior Hockey League for the 1965–66 season, prior to jumping to the new Western Canada Junior Hockey League in 1966. The Oil Kings were also successful in the WCHL, capturing two Presidents Cup titles. However, with the arrival of the World Hockey Association and the Oilers in 1972, approximately 150,000 fans went to Oil Kings games in 1971–72. That number dropped to 90,000 the next year, and 68,000 the following year, the original Oil Kings moved to Portland, Oregon in 1976, becoming the Portland Winter Hawks. An attempt at reviving the Oil Kings in 1978 lasted only one season, bill Hunter purchased the Flin Flon Bombers and brought them to Albertas capital. However, the team averaged about 500 fans per game. The second Oil Kings relocated again to become the Great Falls Americans, despite the long held belief that major-junior hockey could not survive against the pros, the WHL returned to Calgary in 1995, and Edmonton in 1996. At the time, the Oilers were struggling on the ice, the Oilers refused to work with the Edmonton Ice, blocking them from playing in Northlands Coliseum, thus relegating them to the substandard Northlands Agricom. The Ice relocated to Cranbrook, British Columbia, becoming the Kootenay Ice, with no takers, and with the 2004–05 NHL lockout looming, the Oilers chose to relocate their AHL team to Rexall Place as the Edmonton Roadrunners. The Oilers then resumed their quest for a WHL team, when the sale of the Tri-City Americans to Chilliwack, British Columbia failed, the WHL placed an expansion team in Chilliwack, and the door for Edmonton was finally reopened. While the league had refused to consider further expansion, believing 20 teams was enough
35.
Western Hockey League
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The Western Hockey League is a major junior ice hockey league based in Western Canada and the Northwestern United States. The WHL is one of three leagues that constitute the Canadian Hockey League as the highest level of hockey in Canada. Teams play for the Ed Chynoweth Cup, with the moving on to play for the Memorial Cup. WHL teams have won the Memorial Cup 19 times since the league became eligible to compete for the trophy, the league was founded in 1966, as the Canadian Major Junior Hockey League, with seven western Canadian teams in Saskatchewan and Alberta. From 1967, the league was renamed the Western Canadian Hockey League, the league was the brainchild of Bill Hunter, who intended to build a western league capable of competing with the top leagues in Ontario and Quebec. Originally considered an outlaw league by the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association, today, the WHL comprises 22 teams, divided into two conferences of two divisions. Despite winning the 1966 Memorial Cup, the Edmonton Oil Kings owner, each of the Wests four provinces had its own junior league, and Hunter felt that this put them at a disadvantage when competing nationally against the powerful leagues in Ontario and Quebec. Desiring stronger competition, Hunters Oil Kings competed in the Alberta Senior Hockey League rather than the Alberta Junior Hockey League, despite concerns that this new league would see the demise of the Alberta and Saskatchewan leagues, the governing bodies in both provinces sanctioned the new league. The CAHA did not, however, declaring the CMJHL to be a league and suspending all teams. The new league accused the CAHA of overstepping its boundaries and with the support of the players and their families, the CMJHL renamed itself the Western Canada Hockey League in 1967, adding four new teams to total 11 as the league stretched east into Manitoba. Concerns over the WCHLs relationship with the CAHA led the Pats, Canucks and Red Wings to withdraw before the 1968–69 season, the first decade of the WCHL saw constant expansion and franchise movement as the league spread throughout the West. The Flin Flon Bombers became the leagues first powerhouse team, led by future NHL stars Bobby Clarke, the Brandon Wheat Kings and Swift Current Broncos joined in 1967, the Medicine Hat Tigers in 1970. The WCHL truly became a league in 1971 when Estevan moved to B. C. to become the New Westminster Bruins, joined by expansion franchises the Victoria Cougars. In the mid 1970s, the New Westminster Bruins became the WCHLs first true dynasty, the Bruins also won back-to-back Memorial Cups in 1977 and 1978. In 1976, the Oil Kings succumbed to the competing Edmonton Oilers of the World Hockey Association and relocated to Portland to become the Winter Hawks, with the addition of American teams in Seattle and Billings a year later, the WCHL shortened its name to the Western Hockey League. The 1980s were marked by several brawls that involved police intervention, one of the most bizarre trades in history. Early in the 1980–81 WHL season, Medicine Hat Tigers GM/Coach Pat Ginnell traded blows with a linesman during a bench clearing brawl against the Lethbridge Broncos, Ginnell was found guilty of assault, fined $360, and suspended for 36 games by the WHL. In March 1982 a violent brawl between the Regina Pats and Calgary Wranglers saw the two teams collectively fined $2250 and players suspended for 73 games combined, Pats coach Bill LaForge would end up in a courtroom later that season when he got into an altercation with a fan
36.
Edmonton Rush
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The Edmonton Rush were a professional lacrosse team in the National Lacrosse League that played from 2006 NLL season to 2015. The team announced on July 20,2015 that they would be relocating to Saskatoon, the Saskatchewan Rush play out of the SaskTel Centre. The NLL announced that Edmonton, Alberta would receive an NLL franchise on May 5,2005 and they play their home games at Rexall Place. The Edmonton team was owned by businessman Bruce Urban, who purchased the dormant Ottawa Rebel to start the Edmonton team, although early reports suggested that they would be playing as the Edmonton Speed, they selected the name Rush on June 9,2005. Their first home victory didnt come until their season, when they defeated the Philadelphia Wings 13-12 on January 6,2007 in the season opener. The Rush finished the season last in the West with a 4-12 record, and after rebuilding much of the team in the off-season, after finishing last in the West for the second straight season, Hamley was fired. During Edmontons playoff run in 2015 Urban began threatening to move the team, after much Speculation, the team officially announced theyd be moving to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan to play as the Saskatchewan Rush beginning in 2016. The arrival of the Rush created another version of The Battle Of Alberta, the head coach of the Edmonton Rush however, has come under fire by the Calgary Roughnecks. The Rush took out ads in Calgary newspapers before their first meeting that the Rush would Open a Can on the Roughnecks and this proved to backfire as the Roughnecks defeated the Rush in their first meeting. The tactic continued though when the Rush were playing the Toronto Rock, however, Calgary tried this tactic against Edmonton before the April 5,2008 game by taking an ad in the Edmonton Sun saying that Edmonton was a City of Losers instead of a city of champions. Just as it had for the Rush, the plan backfired as the Rush won 11-9, the rivalry heated up March 13,2009 in Edmonton as Calgary built up a 14-3 halftime lead over the Rush. At the one second mark of the 3rd quarter, a brawl broke out between the two teams resulting in nine fighting majors and nine misconducts. Edmonton did get the hand in the first playoff meeting between the teams as the Rush won 11-7 in Calgary on May 1,2010. Edmonton had played four games against the Calgary Roughnecks in the 2012 season, the Rush went 0/4 in the regular season when they faced the Calgary Roughnecks. Calgary ended their season with the record of 12-4, while Edmonton dominated the second ever playoff Battle Of Alberta with a win over Calgary 19-11, Edmonton went on to the Western division final against the Minnesota Swarm toward another win, 15-3, and headed to the NLL finals. These are the top-ten point-scorers in franchise history, figures are updated after each completed NLL regular season
37.
National Lacrosse League
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The National Lacrosse League is a mens professional box lacrosse league in North America. Headquartered in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, the NLL currently has 9 teams with 5 in the United States and 4 in Canada, unlike other lacrosse leagues which play in the summer, the NLL plays its games in the winter and spring, from January to June. Each year, the teams battle for the Champions Cup. The NLL has averaged between 9,400 and 10,700 spectators per game each year since 2004, the version of lacrosse played in the NLL is box lacrosse otherwise known as indoor lacrosse. The NLL plays four 15-minute quarters with 2-minute breaks between the 1st and 2nd quarters and between the 3rd and 4th quarters, the clock does not run when play is stopped. The team that has scored the most goals at the end of time is declared the winner. If a game is tied after regulation, the two teams play sudden death overtime periods of up to 15 minutes each where the team to score wins the game. Each team dresses 18 players of whom 2 are goaltenders, the remaining 16 are called runners, each team in the NLL plays 18 games during the regular season,9 at home and 9 away. The teams are divided into 2 divisions, the East Division, each team plays at least 12 of its 18 regular season games against division opponents. The regular season begins in late December and ends in April, at the end of the regular season, the top 3 teams in each of the East Division and West Division make the playoffs to compete for the Champions Cup. The 2 regular season division champions earn a bye as top seeds. The 2nd seed hosts the 3rd seed in their division for the single-game elimination Division Semifinal in the 1st round. In 2014, the Division Finals and Championship expanded to a 2-game series from the previous single-game elimination setup, whoever won both games would win the 2-game series. In the event of a split with both teams winning one game, a 10-minute mini-game period would be played, if still tied, multiple 10-minute overtime periods thereafter. The mini-game was played following the conclusion of the second contest to determine the winner of the playoff series. In 2015, the format changed once again, expanding the Finals to a best-of-3 series. The first two playoff rounds remained the same, with the Division Semi-finals as an elimination. All NLL games are played on weekends, save for the occasional Friday night game, the National Lacrosse League currently plays an 18-game regular season with three teams from each division qualifying for postseason play
