1.
Turner Broadcasting System
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The company was founded in 1970, and merged with Time Warner on October 10,1996. It now operates as a unit of Time Warner. The companys assets include CNN, HLN, TBS, TNT, Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, Boomerang, the companys current chairman and CEO is John K. Martin. Across Interstate 75/85 from the Techwood campus is the home of Turners WTBS superstation. By careful programming acquisitions, Turner guided the station to success, during December 1976, WTCG originated the superstation concept, transmitting via satellite to cable systems. On December 17,1976 at 1,00 pm, WTCG Channel 17s signal was beamed via satellite to its four cable systems in Grand Island, Nebraska, Newport News, Virginia, Troy, Alabama, and Newton, Kansas. All four cable systems started receiving the 1948 Dana Andrews - Cesar Romero film Deep Waters already in progress, the movie had started 30 minutes earlier. WTCG went from being a television station to a major TV network that every one of the 24,000 households outside of the 675,000 in Atlanta was receiving coast-to-coast. WTCG became a so-called Superstation and created a precedent of todays basic cable television, HBO had gone to satellite transmissions to distribute its signal nationally in 1975, but that was a service cable subscribers were made to pay extra to receive. Ted Turners innovation signaled the start of the cable revolution. In 1979, the changed its name to Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. On June 1,1980, CNN was launched at 17,00 EST becoming the first 24-hour news cable channel, in 1981, Turner Broadcasting System acquired Brut Productions from Faberge Inc. In 1984, Turner initiated Cable Music Channel, his competition for WASECs MTV, the channel was short-lived, but helped influence the original format of VH1. In 1986, after an attempt to acquire CBS, Turner purchased the film studio MGM/UA Entertainment Co. from Kirk Kerkorian for $1.5 billion. Following the acquisition, Turner had a debt and sold parts of the acquisition. MGM/UA Entertainment was sold back to Kirk Kerkorian, the MGM/UA Studio lot in Culver City was sold to Lorimar/Telepictures. Turner kept MGMs pre-May 1986 and pre-merger film and TV library Turner Entertainment Co. was founded on August 4,1986, on October 3,1988, the company launched Turner Network Television. Turner expanded its presence in movie production and distribution, first with the 1991 purchase of the Hanna-Barbera animation studio, on December 22,1993, Turner acquired Castle Rock Entertainment
2.
1080i
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1080i is an abbreviation referring to a combination of frame resolution and scan type, used in high-definition television and high-definition video. The number 1080 refers to the number of lines on the screen. The term assumes a widescreen ratio of 16,9, so the 1080 lines of vertical resolution implies 1920 columns of horizontal resolution. A1920 pixels ×1080 lines screen has a total of 2.1 megapixels and this format is used in the SMPTE 292M standard. The choice of 1080 lines originates with Charles Poynton, who in the early 1990s pushed for square pixels to be used in HD video formats, within the designation 1080i, the i stands for interlaced scan. A frame of 1080i video consists of two fields of 1920 horizontal and 540 vertical pixels. The first field consists of all odd-numbered TV lines and the second all even numbered lines, 1080i differs from 1080p, where the p stands for progressive scan, where all lines in a frame are captured at the same time. In native or pure 1080i, the two fields of a frame correspond to different instants, so motion portrayal is good and this is true for interlaced video in general and can be easily observed in still images taken of fast motion scenes. However, when 1080p material is captured at 25 or 30 frames/second, it is converted to 1080i at 50 or 60 fields/second, respectively, in this situation both fields in a frame do correspond to the same instant. The field-to-instant relation is more complex for the case of 1080p at 24 frames/second converted to 1080i at 60 fields/second. Both field rates can be carried by digital television broadcast formats such as ATSC, DVB. The frame rate can be implied by the context, while the rate is generally specified after the letter i. In this case 1080i60 refers to 60 fields per second, the European Broadcasting Union prefers to use the resolution and frame rate separated by a slash, as in 1080i/30 and 1080i/25, likewise 480i/30 and 576i/25. Resolutions of 1080i60 or 1080i50 often refers to 1080i/30 or 1080i/25 in EBU notation, 1080i is directly compatible with some CRT HDTVs on which it can be displayed natively in interlaced form, but for display on progressive-scan—e. g. Most new LCD and plasma TVs, it must be deinterlaced, depending on the televisions video processing capabilities, the resulting video quality may vary, but may not necessarily suffer. For example, film material at 25fps may be deinterlaced from 1080i50 to restore a full 1080p resolution at the frame rate without any loss. Preferably video material with 50 or 60 motion phases/second is to be converted to 50p or 60p before display, worldwide, most HD channels on satellite and cable broadcast in 1080i. This also allows local newscasts on these ABC affiliates to be produced in the resolution to match the picture quality of their 1080i competitors
3.
Letterboxing (filming)
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Letterboxing is the practice of transferring film shot in a widescreen aspect ratio to standard-width video formats while preserving the films original aspect ratio. The resulting videographic image has mattes above and below it, these mattes are part of the image, LBX or LTBX are the identifying abbreviations for films and images so formatted. The term refers to the shape of a box, a slot in a wall or door through which mail is delivered, being rectangular. Letterboxing is used as an alternative to a full-screen, pan-and-scan transfer of a film image to videotape or videodisc. This was often done for letterbox widescreen anime on VHS, though the practice of hiding subtitles within the lower matte also is done with symmetrical mattes, albeit with less space available. The placing of soft subtitles within the picture or matte varies according to the DVD player being used, the first use of letterbox in consumer video appeared with the RCA Capacitance Electronic Disc videodisc format. Initially, letterboxing was limited to several key sequences of a such as opening and closing credits. The first fully letterboxed CED release was Amarcord in 1984, and several others followed including The Long Goodbye, Monty Python, each disc contains a label noting the use of RCAs innovative wide-screen mastering technique. In some continents such as North America, almost all VHS titles were released in pan-and-scan versions. However, most later Laserdiscs and some VHS releases were released in their original widescreen versions, some DVD releases of films are in full screen only, due to whatever existing master is available or basing on what format demographics prefer to see on a certain title. In other territories, such as Europe and Asia, widescreen versions of films on VHS and Laserdisc were much more common in those territories and this is more apparent in pan-and-scanned movies that remain entirely on the center area of the film image. The term SmileBox is a trademark used to describe a type of letterboxing for Cinerama films. The image is produced with 3D mapping technology to approximate a curved screen, some titles that were previously released in full screen only on VHS and DVD are now being issued in their original widescreen ratio on recent DVDs and Blu-rays. Digital broadcasting allows 1.78,1 widescreen format transmissions without losing resolution, most television programming in the United States, Britain and France is in standard-definition 16,9 and is transmitted in anamorphic format on digital platforms. When using a 4,3 television, it is possible to display such programming in either a letterbox format or in a 4,3 centre-cut format. A letterboxed 14,9 compromise ratio was often broadcast in analogue transmissions in European countries making the transition from 4,3 to 16,9. Current high-definition television systems use video displays with an aspect ratio than older television sets. In addition to films produced for the cinema, some programming is produced in high definition
4.
CNN Center
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The CNN Center is the world headquarters of CNN. The main newsrooms and studios for several of CNNs news channels are located in the building, the facilitys commercial office space is occupied entirely by CNN and its parent company, Turner Broadcasting System, a subsidiary of Time Warner. The CNN Center is located in Downtown Atlanta, Georgia, adjacent to Centennial Olympic Park, the CNN Center opened in 1976 as the Omni Complex, which was a development by Cousins Properties. The Omni Coliseum, an NBA and NHL arena directly connected to the Omni Complex, opened 3 years earlier, the Omni Complex largely sat vacant until CNN moved its headquarters there in 1987 from its Midtown Atlanta site. The facility originally offered office space to various tenants, as well as consulates over the years. The main floor featured an ice skating rink, as well as a small number of restaurants. More famously, Sid and Marty Krofft built an amusement park called The World of Sid and Marty Krofft. The park was the first indoor theme park and opened in 1976, the complex also featured a multi-screen movie theater. For years, the theater offered showings of Gone with the Wind, the theater was replaced during renovations to put in a new newsroom for CNNs website operations. The ice skating rink was filled in and a map of the world replaced it. When CNN networks moved to the CNN Center on July 13,1987 and their sister channel started live programming at 6.00 p. m. ET of that day. On May 11,1997, the Omni Coliseum closed and its replacement, the Philips Arena, broke ground on June 5,1997. The Omni Coliseum was imploded on July 26,1997 and it was believed that the CNN Center was damaged after the implosion. The Philips Arena opened on September 18,1999, the Omni Coliseums scoreboard is still in use, and is currently the scoreboard at the Philips Arena. On April 4th,2007, Arthur Mann, an employee at the Omni Hotel, shot, the building was evacuated shortly after the first shots were heard. Mann was shot by police and both were taken to a nearby hospital, Riddles later died of her injuries. An autopsy showed that Riddles was shot three times by Mann, the cause of the shooting is unknown. On March 14,2008, a EF-2 tornado passed through downtown Atlanta, damaging the CNN Center and leaving water, the ceiling of the atrium was also damaged, causing water to pour in and partially flood the food court
5.
Atlanta
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Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
6.
Georgia (U.S. state)
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Georgia is a state in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1733, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies, named after King George II of Great Britain, Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2,1788. It declared its secession from the Union on January 19,1861 and it was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15,1870. Georgia is the 24th largest and the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, from 2007 to 2008,14 of Georgias counties ranked among the nations 100 fastest-growing, second only to Texas. Georgia is known as the Peach State and the Empire State of the South, Atlanta is the states capital, its most populous city and has been named a global city. Georgia is bordered to the south by Florida, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, to the west by Alabama, the states northern part is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains system. Georgias highest point is Brasstown Bald at 4,784 feet above sea level, Georgia is the largest state entirely east of the Mississippi River in land area. Before settlement by Europeans, Georgia was inhabited by the mound building cultures, the British colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe on February 12,1733. The colony was administered by the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America under a charter issued by King George II. The Trustees implemented a plan for the colonys settlement, known as the Oglethorpe Plan. In 1742 the colony was invaded by the Spanish during the War of Jenkins Ear, in 1752, after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Trustees turned over control to the crown. Georgia became a colony, with a governor appointed by the king. The Province of Georgia was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution by signing the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the State of Georgias first constitution was ratified in February 1777. Georgia was the 10th state to ratify the Articles of Confederation on July 24,1778, in 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains, which led to the Georgia Gold Rush and an established federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued its operation until 1861. The subsequent influx of white settlers put pressure on the government to land from the Cherokee Nation. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, sending many eastern Native American nations to reservations in present-day Oklahoma, including all of Georgias tribes. Despite the Supreme Courts ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that ruled U. S. states were not permitted to redraw the Indian boundaries, President Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the ruling. In 1838, his successor, Martin Van Buren, dispatched troops to gather the Cherokee
7.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
8.
Cinemax
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Cinemax is an American pay cable and satellite television network that is owned by the Home Box Office Inc. operating subsidiary of Time Warner. Cinemax primarily broadcasts theatrically released films, along with original series, softcore pornographic series and films, documentaries. As of July 2015, Cinemaxs programming is available to approximately 21.325 million television households in the United States, Cinemax launched on August 1,1980 as HBOs answer to The Movie Channel. Cinemax was originally owned by Time-Life Inc. which later merged with Warner Communications in 1989 to form the present-day Time Warner. Unlike HBO – and most cable and broadcast channels already on the air at the time of its launch – Cinemax had broadcast a 24-hour-a-day schedule from its sign-on, on-air spokesman Robert Culp told viewers that Cinemax would be about movies, and nothing but movies. At the time, HBO featured a range of programming, including some entertainment news interstitials, documentaries, childrens programming, sporting events. Movie classics were a mainstay of Cinemax at its birth, presented all uncut, a heavy schedule of films from the 1950s to the 1970s made up most of the channels program schedule. In many cases, cable providers would not sell Cinemax to customers who did not already have a subscription to HBO, the two channels were typically sold as a package, and were usually offered at a discount for subscribers that chose to get both channels. The typical pricing for a subscription to HBO in the early 1980s was US$12.95 per month. In 1983, Time-Life Inc. filed a trademark infringement lawsuit against independent station KOKI-TV in Tulsa, Oklahoma and its owners Tulsa 23. As additional movie-oriented channels launched on television, Cinemax began to change its programming philosophy in order to maintain its subscriber base. Although its programming had diversified, Cinemax had foremost remained a movie channel, in February 1988, the network premiere broadcast of the 1987 action-comedy Lethal Weapon became the highest rated telecast in Cinemaxs history at that time, averaging a 16.9 rating and 26 share. By 1990, Cinemax limited its programming lineup mainly to movies, the particular film genre that played on the specific day varied by country. m. Eastern Time and a primetime movie at 10,00 p. m. Eastern Time. Today, a majority of mainstream films featured on the main channel are releases from the 1990s to the present. For the 1980s video game system, see Action Max, for the Canadian premium movie service formerly known as MovieMax. It is not to be confused with 5Star, Cinemax broadcasts its primary and multiplex channels on both Eastern and Pacific Time Zone schedules. In 1991, HBO and Cinemax became the first premium services to offer multiplex channels to subscribers as companions to the main network
9.
HLN (TV network)
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HLN is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. The channel is a spin-off of the U. S, since 2005, however, its format has increasingly shifted to long-form tabloid-, opinion-, crime-, and entertainment news-related programming. In 2014, the network further re-focused with an emphasis on social media, as of July 2015, HLN is available to approximately 97 million American households in the United States making it the most distributed American cable network. Since the mid-2000s, HLN has been available internationally on cable and satellite in parts of Asia, the channel originally launched as CNN2 on January 1,1982. In January of the year, it was renamed Headline News. From around that point until 1992, the channel was often abbreviated as HN, another regular feature, the Hollywood Minute, was often fitted-in after the Headline Sports segment. In the channels early years, a recap of the hours top stories. Its longest-serving news anchor was Chuck Roberts, who retired on July 30,2010, during its first year, Headline News had a competitor in the form of ABC/Group Ws Satellite News Channel, which operated from June 21,1982 to October 27,1983. SNCs satellite slot was purchased by Ted Turner to expand Headline News reach further into additional homes. Jon Petrovich was hired in the mid-1980s by Turner to lead Headline News, the channel included the CNN branding in its name intermittently for most of its history, before being incorporated on a regular basis from 1997 to 2007. In 1992, the added the Headline News SportsTicker, which showed sports scores and schedules for the days upcoming games. Cities to the ticker, the ticker itself would add the Headline News logo, on January 8,1992, Headline News almost became the victim of a hoax. At 9,45 a. m. anchor Don Harrison prepared to break the story, stating This just in to CNN Headline News, Executive producer Roger Bahre, who was off-camera, immediately yelled No. After glancing away momentarily, Harrison continued, We are now getting a correction and we will not give you that story. It was regarding some rather tragic news involving President Bush, but updating that story and it turned out that an Idaho man, James Edward Smith, called CNN posing as the presidents physician. A CNN employee entered the information into a computer used by both CNN and Headline News, and it nearly got out on the air before it could be verified. Smith was subsequently questioned by the Secret Service and hospitalized at a medical facility for evaluation. In 1992, Headline News pioneered the use of a video jukebox to recycle segments of one newscast seamlessly into another
10.
TNT (U.S. TV network)
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TNT is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. As of July 2015, TNT is available to approximately 94.259 million cable, satellite and telco households in the United States. The channel launched at 8 p. m. Eastern Time on October 3,1988 with a performance of The Star Spangled Banner. Its inaugural telecast was the 1939 classic film Gone with the Wind and it was said that the movie was chosen as the channels first program because it was Turners favorite movie. It would also serve as the first program aired on sister channel Turner Classic Movies, incidentally, Gone With the Wind had its premiere held in Atlanta, Georgia, Turners hometown and the headquarters of the channels corporate parent, Turner Broadcasting System. The city served as the setting for the film, TNT was initially a vehicle for older movies and television shows, but slowly began to add original programming and newer reruns. At one point, Monday Nitro was regularly the highest-rated weekly program on cable television, the program beat Monday Night Raw, the flagship show of the World Wrestling Federation, in the ratings for 83 consecutive weeks from 1996 to 1998. The channel was known for its late night programming. One such program was MonsterVision, a Saturday night B movie showcase that aired from 1993 to 2000 It featured a Godzilla movie marathon at the end of every month. This running joke culminated in a Friday the 13th all-night Halloween marathon in 1998, the Rudy and Gogo World Famous Cartoon Show, which ran from 1995 to 1997, was an original childrens program on the channel featuring classic Warner Bros. MGM, and Popeye shorts, hosted by a pair of a marionette. In 1998, TNT dropped all of its cartoons, relegating those shows to Cartoon Network. Most of the series and shorts that were dropped would also serve as the core of Boomerang. During the 1990s, TNT scheduled an afternoon block that included Due South, Kung Fu, The Legend Continues, Lois & Clark, The New Adventures of Superman. In 1998, TNT took over production of the fifth and final season of Babylon 5 from the Prime Time Entertainment Network after the syndication block ceased operations. The following year, TNT produced the Babylon 5 spinoff series Crusade, in 2001, TNT debuted what became its most successful original series at the time, Witchblade, which ran for two seasons, ending in 2002. On June 12,2001, TNT underwent a rebrand, with the introduction of a new logo designed by Trollbäck + Company as well as a new slogan. The slogan emphasized the new focus on dramatic programming, including sports and off-network syndicated dramas such as Law & Order, NYPD Blue, ER
11.
Turner Classic Movies
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Turner Classic Movies is an American movie-oriented basic cable and satellite television network owned by the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary of Time Warner. TCM is headquartered at the Techwood Campus in Atlanta, Georgias Midtown business district, historically, the channels programming consisted mainly of featured classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. However, TCM now has licensing deals with other Hollywood film studios as well as its Time Warner sister company, Warner Bros. and occasionally shows more recent films. The channel is available in United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Latin America, France, Spain, Nordic countries, Middle East, Africa and Asia-Pacific. In 1986, eight years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, concerns over Turner Entertainments corporate debt load resulted in Turner selling the studio that October back to Kirk Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less than a year before. As part of the deal, Turner Entertainment retained ownership of MGMs library of films released up to May 9,1986, Turner Broadcasting System was split into two companies, Turner Broadcasting System and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and reincorporated as MGM/UA Communications Co. The film library of Turner Entertainment would serve as the form of programming for TCM upon the networks launch. After the library was acquired, MGM/UA signed a deal with Turner to continue distributing the pre-May 1986 MGM and to begin distributing the pre-1950 Warner Bros. film libraries for video release. Turner Classic Movies debuted on April 14,1994, at 6,00 p. m. Eastern Time, the date and time were chosen for their historical significance as the exact centennial anniversary of the first public movie showing in New York City. The first movie broadcast on TCM was the 1939 film Gone with the Wind, at the time of its launch, TCM was available to approximately one million cable television subscribers. AMC had broadened its content to feature colorized and more recent films by 2002. In the early 90s AMC abandoned its format, leaving TCM as the only movie-oriented cable channel to devote its programming entirely to classic films without commercial interruption. In 1996, Turner Broadcasting System merged with Time Warner, which besides placing Turner Classic Movies, in March 1999, MGM paid Warner Bros. and gave up the home video rights to the MGM/UA films owned by Turner to Warner Home Video. In 2008, TCM won a Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting, in April 2010, Turner Classic Movies held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, an event – now held annually – at the Graumans Chinese Theater and the Graumans Egyptian Theater in Hollywood. In 2007, some of the films featured on TCM were made available for streaming on TCMs website. The networks programming season runs from February until the following March of each year when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar. Turner Classic Movies presents many of its features in their original aspect ratio whenever possible – widescreen films broadcast on TCM are letterboxed on the standard definition feed. TCM also regularly presents widescreen presentations of films not available in the format on any video release
12.
Cartoon Network
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Cartoon Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Time Warner through the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary. It was founded by Betty Cohen and launched on October 1,1992, the channel primarily broadcasts childrens shows, mostly animated programming, ranging from action to animated comedy. It operates daily from 6,00 AM to 11,00 PM, a Spanish language audio track for select programs is accessible via second audio programing, some cable and satellite companies offer the Spanish feed as a separate channel. It is also the channel of Turner-owned Boomerang. As of January 2016, Cartoon Network is available to approximately 94.0 million pay television households in the United States, however, Turner kept much of MGMs film and television library made prior to May 1986 and formed Turner Entertainment. On October 3,1988, its cable channel Turner Network Television was launched and had gained an audience with its film library. In 1991, Turner Entertainment purchased animation studio Hanna-Barbera Productions for US $320 million, on February 18,1992, Turner Broadcasting System announced its plans to launch the Cartoon Network as an outlet for Turners considerable library of animation. Initial programming on the channel consisted exclusively of reruns of classic Warner Bros. cartoons, the 1933–1957 Popeye cartoons, MGM cartoons, at first, cable providers in New York City, Philadelphia, Washington D. C. and Detroit carried the channel. By the time the network launched, Cartoon Network had an 8, from its launch until 1995, the networks announcers said the networks name with the word The added before Cartoon Network, thus calling the network The Cartoon Network. By the time that the network debuted, Cartoon Network also operated a block that aired on TNT. Cartoon Network was not the first cable channel to have relied on cartoons to attract an audience, however, Turner Broadcasting System had defied conventional wisdom before by launching CNN, a channel providing 24-hour news coverage. Initially, the channel would broadcast cartoons 24 hours a day, late Night Black and White showed early black-and-white cartoons, and ToonHeads would show three shorts with a similar theme and provide trivia about the cartoons. There was also an afternoon block called High Noon Toons. The majority of the animation that was shown on Cartoon Network no longer air on a regular basis, with the exception of Tom and Jerry. A challenge for Cartoon Network was to overcome its low penetration of existing cable systems, when launched on October 1,1992, the channel was only carried by 233 cable systems. However, it benefited from package deals, New subscribers to sister channels TNT and TBS could also get access to Cartoon Network through such deals. The high ratings of Cartoon Network over the couple of years led to more cable systems including it. By the end of 1994, Cartoon Network had become the fifth most popular channel in the United States
13.
Adult Swim
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Adult Swim is a programming block of the American cable network Cartoon Network that operates at night from 8,00 p. m. to 6,00 a. m. It is programmed by Williams Street Productions, a subsidiary of Turner, the name comes from a phrase used by public swimming pools in the United States to label designated times when children are restricted from using the facilities in favor of adults. Much of Adult Swims general content is known for its risqué, unorthodox, the network was granted its own Nielsen ratings report from Cartoon Network due to targeting a separate demographic. In the United States, Adult Swim has frequently aired adult animation features, anime, mockumentaries, sketch comedy, live-action, shows may have sexual themes, frank sexual discussion, nudity, strong language, and graphic violence. While the network features comedies and dramas of all types, many of its programs are aesthetically experimental, transgressive, improvised, Adult Swim has contracted with various studios known for their productions in absurd and shock comedy. In February 2015, Adult Swim was available to approximately 96,390,000 pay-television households in the United States, Cartoon Networks original head programmer Mike Lazzo conceived Adult Swim. The network grew out of Cartoon Networks previous attempts at airing content appropriate for teenagers, the network began experimenting with its late night programming by airing anthology shows like ToonHeads and Late Night Black and White, both of which presented uncensored classic cartoon shorts. Space Ghost Coast to Coast, one of Cartoon Networks first forays into original programming, was created in 1994 specifically for late night audiences. The series was created by Mike Lazzos Ghost Planet Industries, which eventually became Williams Street Studios, during early mornings in December 2000, several new Williams Street series made unannounced stealth premieres. Sealab 2021, Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, Aqua Teen Hunger Force and The Brak Show all premiered unannounced, the official schedules listed the shows as Special Programming. Adult Swim launched on September 2,2001 with the airing of the Home Movies episode Directors Cut. The first anime broadcast on Adult Swim also aired on the night of its launch, the block initially aired on Sunday nights, with a repeat of the same block on Thursday nights. On March 28,2005, Atlanta-based Turner Broadcasting System began recording Adult Swim Nielsen ratings separately from Cartoon Network for demographic purposes, promotions for Adult Swim are targeted towards the college age and those in their twenties and thirties, constituting the majority of their viewers. Adult Swim also had a direct and important role in the revival of two animated series, the aforementioned Family Guy and Futurama. On March 29,2004, less one year later, Fox announced it would be renewing Family Guy for a fourth season. Futurama was also revived in 2007 by Comedy Central for similar reasons, Adult Swim obtained Futuramas exclusive cable syndication rights in March 2002 for a reported $10 million, and the series first aired on the network in January 2002. These devices were in part of a guerrilla marketing advertising campaign. The next day, Boston authorities arrested two men involved with the incident, on February 5, Turner Broadcasting and marketer Interference, Inc. announced that they would pay $2 million in amends, one million to the city of Boston, and one million in goodwill funds
14.
Boomerang (TV channel)
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Boomerang is an American digital and satellite television channel that is owned by Time Warner through the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary. Launched in 1992 globally and in 2000 for the United States, Boomerang originated as a programming block and it eventually grew into its own separate channel and identity, and similarly shares the same brand and likeness as Cartoon Network. It has a fluid and improvisational schedule of programming blocks and television shows. As of February 2015, approximately 43.6 million households access the channel, much of the programming that made up the core of Boomerangs lineup was originally part of TBSs Disaster Area, a block of childrens programming that aired on that network from 1997 to 1999. Boomerang had originated a programming block airing on Cartoon Network that debuted on December 8,1992 and it was aimed towards the generation of baby boomers and was similar to the Vault Disney nostalgia block that would debut five years later on the Disney Channel. It originally aired for four hours every weekend, but the start time had changed frequently. The Saturday block moved to Saturday afternoons, then back to the morning. Eventually, Boomerang was shortened by an hour, reducing it from four hours to three each weekend, Turner Broadcasting System eventually converted Boomerang into a standalone cable channel that debuted on April 1,2000. On February 4,2014, as part of the companys 2014 upfronts, Turner Broadcasting announced that Boomerang would become advertising-supported, on January 19,2015, the U. S. A few providers do not carry the channel, instead only offering the networks video on demand service bundled with Cartoon Network. The network is offered exclusively in standard definition, with no current plans for a high definition simulcast, historically, Boomerang avoided overt channel drift and, despite adding newer content to its library, continued to air programming from the breadth of its archives. As of spring 2014, however, most of its programming has been relegated to graveyard slots while the daytime schedule has increasingly been dominated by programming from the 1990s. Most other programs aired by Boomerang stay on the schedule for several weeks, then are rotated out, not all of the Time Warner animation library is currently available to Boomerang. Boomerang also occasionally licenses programming from other distributors, such as The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoon shorts, which were dropped by Boomerang since 2007, returned to the schedule on October 5,2013. Although Boomerangs programming philosophy was originally intended to showcase classic cartoons, on January 1,2012, the channel began airing episodes of Puppy in My Pocket, Adventures in Pocketville, which ended in February 2013. On November 17 and 24,2012, Boomerang aired new episodes of Ben 10, Omniverse, Boomerang reintroduced the Wedgies series of animated shorts in 2013. Boomerang also began airing Teen Titans Go. and The Amazing World of Gumball on December 1,2014, numb Chucks was picked up by Boomerang for first-run broadcast in the United States on January 10,2015, after initially having been announced for Cartoon Network. On June 28,2015, it was announced that Boomerang would receive original programs such as Wabbit, Be Cool, Scooby-Doo. and an animated adaptation of Bunnicula
15.
NBA TV
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The network also serves as national broadcaster of the NBA D-League and WNBA games. NBA TV is the oldest cable network in North America to be owned or controlled by a sports league. As of February 2015, NBA TV is available to approximately 57,129,001 households that subscribe to cable, the highest measured audience was a Golden State Warriors vs San Antonio Spurs regular season game on April 10,2016 with an average 2.6 million viewers. After Time Warner shut down the news network CNN/SI in 2002. On October 8,2007, it was reported that the National Basketball Association would transfer the operations to Time Warners Turner Sports division. In a story published by Hoopsworld, NBATV, Surprisingly there has been said about the NBAs decision to sell off NBATV to one of its media partners. Talks had gone on for sometime as ESPN/ABC and Turner both explored scenarios with the league, ultimately it seems Turner has won out, and will take over operation of the leagues flagship cable channel, that reaches some 12 million subscribers. The exact changeover date is not clear, but several months ago a Bloomberg report cited sources saying senior level producers were offered contract buyouts in September. Turner took over the operations on October 28,2008. DirecTV believed the move will make the channel available to an eight million subscribers. Like DirecTV, Comcast estimated that an eight million customers would effectively gain access to the channel. Verizon FiOS added the channel and NBA League Pass to its systems on September 23,2009. The network also signed new agreements with Time Warner Cable, Cablevision and Dish Network on October 22,2009. With all of the carriage deals, the NBA estimates that it would increase NBA TVs overall subscriber reach to 45 million cable. On October 29,2010, AT&T U-verse reached a deal to carry the channels standard definition. NBA TV carries at least 90 regular season games per season, live games on NBA TV are subject to local blackout restrictions, since NBA TV does not hold the exclusive broadcast rights to any of its games. Games carried by NBA TV are also carried by each teams local rights holder, either a sports network or a broadcast television station. Beginning with the 2012-13 season, the score box displayed during NBA TVs game coverage changed to a banner format oriented horizontally across the screen, however, the network does not use timeout or bonus indicators like that seen on the score graphics used on ESPN and TNT
16.
The CW
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Entertainment division of Time Warner, former majority owner of The WB Television Network. The CW name is a derived from the first letters of the names of its two parent corporations. The network made its debut on September 18,2006, after its two predecessors, UPN and The WB, respectively ceased independent operations on September 15 and 17 of that year. The CWs first two nights of programming – on September 18 and 19,2006 – consisted of reruns, the CW marked its formal launch date on September 20,2006, with the two-hour premiere of the seventh cycle of Americas Next Top Model. As of 2008, the programming lineup was intended to appeal mainly to women between the ages of 18 and 34, although starting in 2011 the network increased in programming that appeal to men. The CW is also available in Mexico through affiliates located near the Mexico–U. S, in both countries, some CW affiliates are receivable over-the-air in border areas depending on the stations signal coverage. UPN and The WB both began just as the Fox network had started to secure a foothold with American television audiences, the two networks launched to limited fanfare and generally mediocre to poor results. However, over the subsequent 11 1⁄2 seasons, both were able to air several series that became quite popular, in the eleven years that UPN and The WB were in operation, the two networks lost a combined $2 billion. CBS chairman Leslie Moonves explained that the name of the new network was formed from the first letters of CBS and Warner Bros, joking, like both UPN and The WB, The CW targets its programming towards younger audiences. CBS and Time Warner hoped that combining their networks schedules and affiliate lineups would strengthen The CW into a major broadcast network. The CW launched with a premiere special/launch party from the CBS-produced Entertainment Tonight at Warner Bros, when Top Model made its network premiere on September 20,2006, The CW scored a 3.4 rating/5 share in the Nielsen household ratings. It scored a 2.6 rating among Adults 18–49, finishing fourth in that age demographic, on May 9,2008, The CW announced that it would lease its Sunday lineup to production company Media Rights Capital. With no first-run programming available to run on Sundays as a backup, the network added reruns of The Drew Carey Show and Jericho, the CW has generally struggled in the Nielsen ratings since its inception, primarily placing fifth in all statistics tabulated by Nielsen. On several occasions, The CW has even been outrated by Spanish language network Univision and this had led to speculation within the industry that CBS, Time Warner or both companies could abandon the venture if ratings did not improve. Executives with CBS Corporation and Time Warner also emphasized their commitment to the network and this, in turn, resulted in the discontinuance of the Sunday late afternoon repeat block that The CW inherited from The WB through its use of the predecessor networks scheduling model. Maatta began reporting to Pedowitz as a result of the appointment as network president. Pedowitz revealed that the target demographic of the network would not change. The network also ordered more episodes of its series and ran them consecutively through the first week of December, starting on September 12
17.
TruTV
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TruTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. The network was launched in 1991 as Court TV, a network that focused on crime-themed programs such as documentary series, legal dramas. With its relaunch as truTV in 2008, the network revamped its lineup with a focus on reality shows and caught on camera programs, in October 2014, TruTVs lineup was reoriented with a focus on comedy programming and comedy-based reality series. As of February 2015, approximately 89.7 million US households receive truTV, the Courtroom Television Network, or Court TV for short, was launched on July 2,1991, and was available to three million subscribers. Its original anchors were Fred Graham, who was still at the twenty years later, and Cynthia McFadden. Both projects were present at the National Cable Television Association in June 1990, rather than trying to establish two competing networks, the projects were combined in December 14,1990. Liberty Media would join the venture in 1991, the channel featured continuous live trial coverage, with analysis by anchors. It was led by law writer Steven Brill, who left the network in 1997, the network came into its own during the Menendez brothers first trial and later during the O. J. Simpson murder trial. In 1998, NBC sold its share of the network to Time Warner and that same year, it began running several original and acquired programs in prime time, such as Homicide, Life on the Street and Forensic Files. In 2004, recognizing the growth of its programming, Court TV split itself into two brands. Daytime trial coverage was branded as Court TV News, while prime-time and weekend programming took on a legal reality. Time Warner bought full control of Court TV in 2006 and began running it as part of the companys Turner Broadcasting System division, the buyout of Court TV marked Time Warners first television network acquisition – rather than a sale – since the acquisition of Turner Broadcasting System in 1996. On July 11,2007, it was announced that Court TV would be relaunched as TruTV on January 1,2008, the network promoted these series under the slogan Not Reality. TruTV staff argued that the reality had become associated with unrealistic programming. On March 4,2013, In Session was cut to a two-hour, on September 30,2013, In Session was cancelled, and replaced by a block of archived programming under the banner In Session Presents. As part of the re-launch, a new branding campaign and refreshed logo were introduced on-air on October 27,2014, puja Vohra, TruTVs senior vice president of marketing and digital, explained that the campaign was intended to portray the networks brand as being fun and self-aware. In December 2016, TruTV unveiled a new marketing campaign and slogan, the campaign reinforces the networks focus on comedy by showcasing its stars in advertising that parodies the cliches of network television promos. The 1080i high definition simulcast feed of TruTV is available on all major cable, in March 2011, the channel saw carriage of its HD feed increase, due to its coverage of the 2011 NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament, which was its first ever live sports telecast
18.
TBS (U.S. TV channel)
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Turner Broadcasting System is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner, which shares its name with the channel. TBS carries a variety of programming, with a focus on comedy, along with sports events, including Major League Baseball. In its current form, TBS was originally established on December 17,1976 as a feed of Turners local, independent broadcast television station in Atlanta. The channel broadcast a variety of programming during this era, including films, syndicated series, Atlanta Braves baseball, wTBSs local programming was nearly identical to the national feed, aside from FCC-mandated public affairs and educational programming that only aired on the local signal. By the early 2000s, TBS had begun to more intensively on comedic programming, including sitcoms. As of February 2015, TBS is available to approximately 96.5 million pay television households in the United States, TBS is available on cable and satellite providers throughout the entire United States. The national TBS feed became available to cable and satellite subscribers within channel 17s viewing area as a result, TBSs programming was previously made available to cable and satellite subscribers in Canada through the WTBS Atlanta feed. As a result, following the separation of TBS and WTBS/WPCH in 2007, Canadian cable and satellite subscribers received access to WPCH/Atlanta, instead of TBS. Most of TBSs flagship programming, such as Major League Baseball and original series, are not broadcast on WPCH-TV, TBS originated as a broadcast television station in Atlanta, Georgia that operated on UHF channel 17, and maintained a general entertainment format as an independent station. Early programming included movies from the 1930s and 1940s, sitcoms, the station also carried sports, such as Atlanta Braves baseball, Atlanta Hawks basketball, Atlanta Flames hockey, and Georgia Championship Wrestling. WTCG also bid very low on programming, leaving the stations in the market – WSB-TV, WAGA-TV. By the mid-1970s, The Andy Griffith Show, The Flintstones, Leave It to Beaver, The Little Rascals, My Three Sons, Star Trek, The Three Stooges, cable providers in these areas carried stations from neighboring markets, and if possible, an independent station. Ted Turner decided to distribute his station through satellite, enabling WTCG to be received nationwide, the first broadcast was the 1948 Dana Andrews-Cesar Romero film Deep Waters, which had been in progress for 30 minutes on channel 17 in Atlanta. Instantly, WTCG went from being an independent television station that was available only in Georgia. WTCG became a superstation and set a precedent for todays basic cable television. By 1978, WTCG was carried on cable providers in all 50 states, TBS became only the second U. S. Ted Turners innovation signaled the start of the basic cable revolution. WTCG changed its callsign to WTBS on August 27,1979, the new call letters were acquired via a monetary donation to the Massachusetts Institute of Technologys student radio station for the construction of a new transmitter. In the late 1970s, WTBS continued to acquire second-hand programming such as made-for-TV Popeye cartoons, The Brady Bunch, The Munsters, and other programs
19.
Audience (TV network)
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Audience is an American general entertainment television network that is owned by AT&T Inc. It features a mix of original and acquired series, specials, the network operates as a commercial-free service and broadcasts its programming without editing for content. It was originally exclusive to DirecTV, however, after AT&Ts acquisition of DirecTV it became available on AT&T U-verse. It is also available on streaming service DirecTV Now. The network launched on November 25,1999 as Freeview, a service on DirecTV channel 103 carrying a continuous loop of concerts, Freeview was part of all of the satellite providers subscription packages, starting with the Total Choice tier. In 2005, it was moved to channel 101 and was rebranded as the The 101 Network, following the rebrand, the channels schedule began to expand to include original programs. The channel was rebranded as Audience Network on June 1,2011 and it dropped Network from its name in 2016. Original series broadcast by Audience include, The Dan Patrick Show – a television simulcast of the weekday morning syndicated sports radio program, in May 2012, Audience announced its first original drama series, Rogue. Season 1 premiered October 8,2014 with ten episodes, an additional ten episodes aired beginning October 14,2015 and another ten in 2016. On May 25,2016, Audience Network announced it has picked up the rights to a 10-part limited series based on Stephen Kings novel Mr. Mercedes and it will be produced by David E. Kelley and star Brendan Gleeson. On May 25,2016, Audience Network announced it has picked up Ice from Antoine Fuqua and will star Donald Sutherland, Ray Winstone, on September 28,2016, Ron Livingston will star in Audiences comedy series Loudermilk from Peter Farrelly. On October 29,2016, Will Sasso joined the cast, in February 2017, Max Irons was cast in Condor. The first original program on the channel was CD USA, a pop music show reminiscent of the longtime favorite American Bandstand, the series aired Saturday evenings and ran throughout the weekend. The channel also aired the weekly recap program American Idol Extra on weekends throughout the 2006 season of American Idol after their original Thursday airings on Fox Reality, other former original programs have included the Championship Gaming Invitational, Championship Gaming Series, The FIZZ, and Project My World. Havoc on The 101 broadcast live web/phone text chats, with online chats sourced from the website Havoc. tv, over music videos, viewers could vote for which video they wanted to see next via those chats. The shows were produced by Lloyd Bryan Adams. Hometown Heroes, which was hosted by Joan Lunden, chronicled DirecTV customers who were heroes in their communities. Supreme Court of Comedy – a pseudo judge show that premiered in 2008, the plaintiffs and defendants seen in each episode are regular people with actual small claims court cases, however, the show has no legal standing and is meant for entertainment purposes only
20.
MLB Network
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MLB Network is an American television sports channel dedicated to baseball. It is primarily owned by Major League Baseball, with television providers AT&T, Comcast, Charter Communications, the channels headquarters and studios are located in the Secaucus, New Jersey facility which formerly housed MSNBCs studios. Tony Petitti, former producer of CBS Sports, was named the networks first president. Petitti served as MLB Networks president until December 2014 when he was appointed as Chief Operating Officer of Major League Baseball, rob McGlarry, who worked as Senior and later Executive Vice-president of Business Affairs at MLB Network since 2009, was named the networks second President. As of February 2015, MLB Network is available to approximately 69,991,000 television households in the United States, Major League Baseball became the fourth major North American professional sports league to launch its own 24-hour cable network. NBA TV dates back to 1999, the NHL Network to 2001, however, MLB Network is carried in the most households of these four networks, as it is available on all of the top ten video operators in the United States. The channel fully launched at 6 PM EST with the premiere of Hot Stove, in April 2012, MLB Networks standard definition feed shifted to a 16,9 letterbox format. Both of the networks SD and HD feeds now show the same format, on April 4,2016, MLB Network debuted a new on-air graphics package optimized for the 16,9 format, replacing the previous on-air look used since the networks New Years Day 2009 launch. In a deal that was pioneered by other sports league owned channels, in return, cable and satellite providers were offered a minority share of the new network. The switchover began on April 4, the first day of the 2010 MLB season, at launch, no announcement was made about MLB Network availability in Canada, home of the Toronto Blue Jays. In August 2008, Rogers secured Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission approval for a Canadian digital channel tentatively called Baseball TV. S and it was reported initially that Rogers intended to pursue this approach to bring MLB Network to Canada. However, the licence was issued on the condition the channel launch by August 2011, the application was published for public comment on June 13,2012 and was approved on November 21,2012. In the interim, the Rogers-owned Sportsnet One aired selected programs from MLB Network, including Quick Pitch, MLB Network was added to Rogers Cable systems in Ontario on January 8,2014, in both standard and high definition. On June 3,2015, SaskTel announced that it would begin carrying MLB Network, as of 2017, it is also available on MTS and Vidéotron. On March 23rd,2017, MLB Network launched on Bell Fibe TV, the 720p high definition simulcast of MLB Network launched simultaneously to the regular channel. As Mark Haden says, Thats our best shot of maintaining quality to viewers, the network also remastered 30 World Series films in high definition. On April 14,2016, it was announced that 25 MLB Network Showcase games will be broadcast in 4K ultra-high definition exclusively on DirecTV in the 2016 season, MLB Network airs several live games a week. These games are blacked out in the markets of the two teams
21.
Game Show Network
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Game Show Network is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned as a joint venture between Sony Pictures Television and AT&T Entertainment Group. The channels programming is dedicated to game shows, including reruns of classic game shows, along with new, first-run original. For a period in the mid-2000s, Game Show Network began branching out into games in general, including reality competition series, as of February 2015, approximately 79,471,000 American households receive GSN. On May 7,1992, Sony Pictures Entertainment joined forces with the United Video Satellite Group to launch Game Show Channel, the announcement of the channel was made by SPE president Mel Harris. Sony Pictures holdings included those by Merv Griffin Enterprises and Barris Industries, SPE was in competition with The Family Channel in launching a game show-oriented channel when The Family Channel announced the launch of its own service called Game Channel. Family Feud and To Tell the Truth, upon the deal, Sony said it would sell an equity stake in the network to Mark Goodson Productions, including the production of new original series by Jonathan Goodson Productions. Both deals were completed on December 7,1992, eleven days before Mark Goodsons death, on June 6,1994, Mark Goodson Productions pulled out of the venture. Game Show Network launched at 7,00 p. m. ET on December 1,1994, the first aired game show was Whats My Line. From 1994 until about 1997, the network aired classic pre-1972 game shows as well as game shows made after 1972, the network aired game shows in a 24-hour cycle, and also used live interstitials as wraparound programming. In its first few months, GSNs commercials consisted of public announcements, promotions for its programming. By 1995, when the network began to expand, the network began accepting conventional advertising as it gained new sponsorships and this period lasted until April 18,1998. Shows from Chuck Barris also aired during this time, including The Newlywed Game, The Dating Game, The Gong Show, Treasure Hunt, Game Show Network also aired a childrens game show block at this time, highlighted by Joker. Jep. and Wheel 2000 – the respective adaptations of The Jokers Wild, Jeopardy. on April 18,1998, Game Show Network bought back the rights to the Goodson-Todman library. In late 1998, GSN eliminated all of its programming, replacing them with in-show advertisements like Win TV. In 1999, the network began a slate of programming, including Inquizition, All New 3s a Crowd. The channel also launched original shows such as Extreme Gong, in 2000, the network faced another setback when GSN lost the rights to broadcast The Price Is Right, with the last episode airing on April 3 of that year. In 2001, a change in both leadership and programming at the network took place. Liberty Media acquired a 50% stake in the network and changed its leadership, president Michael Fleming and vice president Jake Tauber were both fired and former Fox Family Channel president Rich Cronin were hired to head the network
22.
CNN International
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The channel carries news, current affairs, politics, sports, opinions, features and business programming worldwide, it cooperates with parent network CNNs national and international news bureaus. CNN International is available in most countries, its international reach includes more than 200 million households, for most viewers it is free-to-air, though some pay television providers include it in their programming packages, or issue a virtual channel to the FTA version on the same satellite. The current managing director of CNN International is Tony Maddox, CNN International, in large part a result of Ted Turners globalization ideals, began broadcasting on September 1,1985, at first primarily broadcasting to American business travelers in hotels. The first studio for CNNI was at CNNs original studio building known as Techwood, Today, it is home to the Turner Studios complex that houses the entertainment channels. Other early studios in Atlanta were tucked away in various corners of the CNN Center, the vast majority of the networks programming originally consisted of simulcasts of the two domestic CNN channels. In 1990, however, the amount of programming produced by CNNI especially for international viewers increased significantly. A new newsroom and studio complex was built in 1994, as CNN decided to compete against BBC World Service Televisions news programming, CNNI emerged as an internationally oriented news channel, with staff members of various national backgrounds, even though some accusations of a pro-U. S. CNN International was awarded the Liberty Medal on July 4,1997, Ted Turner, in accepting the medal on behalf of the network, said, My idea was, were just going to give people the facts. We didnt have to show liberty and democracy as good, if we just showed them both the way they were. Clearly everybodys going to choose liberty and democracy, the network undertook another major rebranding effort in 2006 overseen by the award winning creative vision of Mark Wright and London agency Kemistry. The ticker was replaced by a flipper, on-screen graphics were more unified and from October 2007 until August 2008, new studios were progressively rolled out. However, on January 1,2009, CNN International adopted the lower-thirds that CNN/US had introduced a month earlier which were inspired by the modern design of the CNNI rebrand efforts. In the U. S. CNNI North America was distributed overnight and on weekends over the CNNfn financial channel, until that channels demise in December 2004. It is now available as a standalone, full-time channel, usually as part of packages of cable providers including Time Warner Cable, AT&T U-Verse, Verizon FiOS. On September 21,2009, the channel launched a new tagline Go Beyond Borders, along with a new logo, the slogan Go Beyond Borders emphasizes the international perspective that gives the information in this string and the plurality of the audiences. With this tagline, CNN also refers to the platforms to disseminate their contents. The new image was created by the creativity and marketing department, an important element of the rebrand was a new evening program that adds the broadcast of programs Amanpour and World One. The makeover of CNN International has subject to a lot of criticism on both the new prime time lineup and the redesigned graphics, then, CNN International adapted half-hour shows in its schedule with a new evening prime program for Middle East viewers, Prism
23.
CNN Philippines
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CNN Philippines is a commercial broadcast cable and satelilite television network in the Philippines. It is owned and operated by Nine Media Corporation together with Radio Philippines Network as the content provider under the license of US-based media company Turner Broadcasting System. Replacing 9TV, CNN Philippines is the franchise of the Cable News Network. It is also the local franchise of CNN in Asia, after CNN Indonesia, CNN Türk, CNN Arabic. The official news website, 9news. ph will be redesigned and changed into CNNPhilippines. com, I couldnt be happier to welcome CNN Philippines to the CNN family. Presidential Communications Operations Office Sec. Sonny Coloma was the guest of honor at the launch of CNN PH at the Philippine International Convention Center the following day. RPN, the broadcaster of CNN PH, was under the portfolio of PCOO, also known as Media Ng Bayan, from 1986 until 2011, the channel was known as Talk TV from March 2,2011, to October 29,2012, on SBN Channel 21. The first programs aired on the channel are Dateline NBC, Today Show, Todays Talk, NBC Nightly News, Inside Edition, Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Solar News, known for its back-to-basics and unbiased journalism was formed in January 2012 during the coverage of the Impeachment Trial of former Chief Justice Renato Corona. On October 30,2012, at 05,30 am, dubbed then as the First 24/7 All-English News Channel on Free TV, Solar News Channel replaces TalkTV. SNC was launched at 5, 45am of October 30,2012, on SBN Channel 21. PH, Opposing Views, Elections 2013,60 Minutes, Top Gear, Undercover Boss and the Stories Documentaries block was also launched during the SNCs time. SNC launched its own application for smartphone users. Its consists of such as live streaming, catch-up episodes and latest news from the networks website. In November 2013, San Miguel Corp, president and COO Ramon S. Ang personally acquired the minority stake of STVNI. Brothers Wilson and William Tieng were the majority stockholders then of STVNI, Solar News Channel then began to phase out its Solar branding on its newscast as it leaned away from the Tiengs. It also launched the Kapampangan national newscast Kapampangan News, along with the public service program Serbisyo All Access, Solar News Channel was closed down before midnight of August 22,2014. SNC was relaunched as 9TV on August 23,2014, the Solar brand on Channel 9 was retired after the ALC Group of Companies thru Aliw Broadcasting Corporation bought out the 34% stake of the Tiengs group with Solar Television Network and RPN9. The Tiengs were losing money after they invested in RPN9, Solar News was then rebranded as 9News, with the programming and personnel retained
24.
CNN Indonesia
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CNN Indonesia is a television station and news site belonging to Trans Media in collaboration with Turner International. CNN Indonesia aired for the first time on Monday, August 17,2015, CNN Indonesia is part of the strategy of CNN International Commercials Content Sales and Partnerships Group which seeks to reach more audiences in cooperation with local media organisations. Besides Indonesia, similar cooperation has also established in other countries, such as CNN Philippines, CNN Turk. Broadcasting in Indonesian from the studio of Trans Media, CNN Indonesia covers international and local news, with a focus on news, business, sports, technology. Meanwhile, a website was launched on October 20,2014 by Yusuf Arifin as editor in chief, currently, CNN Indonesia broadcasts 24 hours a day and can be seen on pay-for-view TV providers as well as on a live stream on its website and Trans Medias Transvision. CNN Indonesia and CNN International are two distinct and separate organizations, but cooperate and assist each other to produce new reports, hadiansyah Lubis Trans Corp CNN Official Website
25.
CNN-News18
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CNN-News18 is an Indian English-language news television channel based in Noida, Uttar Pradesh. It is owned by Network 18, according to BARC, CNN-News18 has the fourth-highest rating among all English news channel in India. CNN provides international coverage for the channel, while Indian Broadcasting Network concentrates on Indian, in May 2014, Reliance Industries announced it would be taking over Network18. The move is touted as the deal in the Indian media space. Reliance Industries already has indirect control in the TV18 network by virtue of investments it made in Network18, like elsewhere in the world, CNN International only reached the urban elites in India. In order to reach the Indian masses Time Warner together with an Indian company, Global Broadcast News, the channel is completely run by TV18 Broadcast Limited, which only uses the Cable News Network brand name. Currently, Time Warners India-specific CNN-News18 is watched by more people than its CNN International sister network, according to Network 18, since its inception, the channel has been reaching out to an average of 45 million households every day. In 2015, it was announced that an agreement between Turner Broadcasting and Network 18 has not been renewed and will expire in January 2016. On 1 December 2015, it was announced the licensing had been renewed for another term. At 7, 57pm,18 April 2016, CNN-IBN rebranded as CNN-News18, the show has received NT Awards and Asian Television Awards. The show looks at the stories of the week with a satirical tone. Proposals were considered in an ad hoc manner, as and when a proposal was received, the CAG further said in its report that, We had no assurance about the competitiveness of the rates quoted by these channels and the need and usefulness of these proposals. From March 2010 to June 2010, the entire pre games publicity, a controversy about some fake Twitter comments that ran on the screen during a news show raised questions about the reliability of instant feedback from viewers, which was criticized. The officials later apologised saying that the source of comment was wrongly stated as Twitter. On November 2012, on its prime time show Face The Nation, the show was hosted by the deputy editor of the channel, Sagarika Ghose, the wife of the channels editor, Rajdeep Sardesai. On public outcry, the anchor issued an apology on Twitter, web. The episode has not been hosted on the shows homepage, in August 2013, TV18 fired nearly 400 people from their various offices including CNN-IBN as a part of restructuring. The company however declined to comment on the issue
26.
CNN Airport
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CNN Airport is a satellite television network that is owned by Turner Private Networks, a subsidiary of the Turner Broadcasting System, a division of Time Warner. The service broadcasts general news, weather, stock market updates, entertainment, the founding management was led by Jon Petrovich and Scott Weiss. Deborah Cooper was the inaugural vice president/general manager, and continues in the role today, CNN Airport Network airs in 47 airports across the United States. CNN Airport alternates between live CNN and HLN programming, it also airs additional weather, business and travel segments designed for air travelers, CNN Airport broadcasts 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with around-the-clock technical and editorial staffing. CNN Airport also screens out material that is sexually explicit or portrays graphic violence
27.
CNN Chile
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CNN Chile is a Chilean 24-hour television news channel launched on December 4,2008. It is a joint venture between VTR Chile, a Liberty Global subsidiary, and Turner Broadcasting System Latin America, a unit of Time Warner, the channel is based in Santiago, Chile. Its the local version of popular TV news channel Cable News Network, CNN had previously showed interest in the Chilean market when it covered the 2005 presidential elections, through CNN en Español. Under its Está pasando, lo estas viendo slogan, it has one of the countrys most successful TV news stations. Its also known for being the first local CNN version to be launched outside from the United States, soledad Onetto – weekdays on En Pauta Official website
28.
DirecTV
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DirecTV is an American direct broadcast satellite service provider based in El Segundo, California and is a subsidiary of AT&T. Its satellite service, launched on June 17,1994, transmits digital television and audio to households in the United States, Latin America. Its primary competitors are Dish Network and cable television providers, DirecTV provides television and audio services to subscribers through satellite transmissions. Services include the equivalent of local television stations, broadcast television networks, subscription television services, satellite radio services. Subscribers have access to hundreds of channels, so its competitors are cable television service, most subscribers use reception antennas which are much smaller than the first generation antennas, which were typically a few yards across. Advances in antenna technology, including fractal antennas, have allowed a reduction in antenna size across all industries. Receiving equipment includes a dish, an integrated receiver/decoder and a DirecTV access card. Consumers who purchase DirecTV subscribe to various packages of DirecTV programming for which the subscriber pays a monthly fee, additional monthly fees may include a protection plan, DVR, additional receivers, HD channels, and other premium channel packages. A subscriber also can order pay-per-view and video on demand events, all programming distributed by DirecTV is delivered to its broadcast centers in Castle Rock, Colorado, and Los Angeles, where it is then digitized and compressed. The resulting signal is encrypted by DirecTV to prevent its unauthorized reception, DirecTV then transmits these signals to several satellites located in geostationary orbit. As of the quarter ended September 30,2012, DirecTV U. S. had 19.981 million subscribers, for the same period, DirecTV Latin America ended with 9.666 million subscribers and revenues of US$1.577 billion. In addition to serving residences, DirecTV offers service to bars, restaurants, hotels, dorms, the company also offered mobile service for cars, boats, and RVs as well as aircraft in cooperation with Connexion by Boeing. On November 30,2016, DirecTV Now, an internet streaming TV service was launched, in 1953, Howard Hughes created the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, to which he transferred full ownership of Hughes Aircraft. Ostensibly created as a medical research foundation, HHMI was accused of being used by Hughes as a tax shelter. Following Hughes death in 1976, HHMI was incorporated in 1977, in 1984, the court appointed a new board for HHMI, which proceeded to sell off Hughes Aircraft to General Motors on December 20,1985, for an estimated $5.1 billion. General Motors then merged Hughes Aircraft with its subsidiary Delco Electronics to create Hughes Electronics Corporation, the new subsidiary was initially composed of four units, Delco Electronics Company, Hughes Aircraft Company, Hughes Space and Communications Company, and Hughes Network Systems. Stanley E. Hubbard founded United States Satellite Broadcasting in 1981 and was a proponent for the development of direct-broadcast satellite service in the United States. USSB was awarded five frequencies by the FCC, at the coveted 101 degree west satellite location, Hughes Communications, Inc. was also awarded 27 frequencies at the same 101-degree location
29.
Video on demand
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IPTV technology is often used to bring video on demand to televisions and personal computers. Internet television, using the Internet, is a popular form of video on demand. VOD can also be accessed via desktop client applications such as the Apple iTunes online content store, some airlines offer VOD as in-flight entertainment to passengers through individually controlled video screens embedded in seatbacks or armrests or offered via portable media players. Some video on demand services such as Netflix use a model that requires users to pay a monthly fee to access a bundled set of content. Other services use a model, where access is free for Internet users. Downloading and streaming video on demand systems provide the user all of the features of Portable media players. Some VOD systems that store and stream programs from hard drives use a memory buffer to allow the user to fast forward. It is possible to put video servers on local area networks, streaming video servers can also serve a wider community via a WAN, in which case the responsiveness may be reduced. Download VOD services are practical to homes equipped with cable modems or DSL connections, servers for traditional cable and telco VOD services are usually placed at the cable head-end serving a particular market as well as cable hubs in larger markets. In the telco world, they are placed in either the central office, the first Video on Demand systems used tapes as the realtime source of video streams. GTE started as a trial in 1990 with AT&T providing all components, by 1992 VOD servers were supplying previously encoded digital video from disks and DRAM. In the US the 1982 anti-trust break-up of AT&T resulted in a number of telephone companies called Baby Bells. Following this the Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 prohibited telephone companies from providing services within their operating regions. All of these companies and others began holding trials to setup systems for supplying Video on Demand over telephone, in November 1992 Bell Atlantic announced a VOD trial. The IBM was developing video server code-named Tiger Shark, concurrently Digital Equipment was developing a scalable video server. Bell Atlantic selected IBM and April 1993 the system became the first VOD over ADSL to be deployed outside the lab, in 1994-5 US West went on to file for VOD at several cities. 330,000 subscribers in Denver,290,000 in Minneapolis, many VOD trials were held with various combinations of server, network and set-top. Of these the primary players in the US were the companies, using DEC, Microsoft, Oracle, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, USA Video, nCube, SGI
30.
Dish Network
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Dish Network is an American direct-broadcast satellite service provider. The company provides satellite television, satellite Internet access, audio programming, as of November 2016, the company provided services to 13.7 million television and 580,000 broadband subscribers. The company has approximately 16,000 employees, the company is headquartered in Meridian, Colorado, though the postal designation of nearby Englewood, Colorado is used in the corporate mailing address. In January 2008, Dish Network was spun off from its parent company EchoStar. The company began using Dish Network as its brand in March 1997, after the successful launch of its first satellite, EchoStar I. That launch marked the beginning of its television services, and EchoStar has since launched numerous satellites. EchoStar continues to be the technology partner to Dish Network. Joseph Clayton became president and chief officer of the company in June 2011. Clayton remained in the position until March 31,2015 when he retired leaving Ergen to resume the post, Dishs main service is satellite television. Its offerings are similar to satellite and cable companies. Viewers can choose from a series of bundles, paying more money for more channels. A la carte programming is available, however limited other than Premium channels, the company is currently working on diversifying its offerings. With its purchase of Blockbuster LLC, it now owns the Blockbuster trademarks and has used its intellectual property agreement to offer streaming, Dish Anywhere is Dishs subscriber-only streaming video service, which includes HBO and Cinemax programming. In May 2012, the American Customer Satisfaction Index ranked Dish second among American television providers and it weighs ten pounds, is protected from weather, and automatically searches for a signal. The only satellites that are compatible with the Tailgater are at Dishs 119,110. In March 2012, Dish began offering a video recorder called Dish Hopper that can automatically record all prime time programming on the four major television networks. The other half is for video on demand, a Hopper feature, called AutoHop, enables customers to view these programs without commercials, subject to time restrictions. AutoHop has attracted enthusiasts, critics, boycotts and legal action, at the 2013 Consumer Electronics Show Dish won an award for their AutoHop feature on the Hopper
31.
Bell TV
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Bell TV, is the division of BCE Inc. that provides satellite television service across Canada. It launched on September 10,1997 and as of 2004 it has been providing Bell TV for Condos, Bell TV provides over 500 digital video and 100 HD and audio channels to, as of May 2010, over 1.8 million subscribers. Bell TV services are also repackaged and resold by Telus as Telus Satellite TV, high technology development costs and delays placed Tee-Comm in a severe financial position, prompting the remaining partners to pull out in 1996. Instead, U. S. satellite-TV provider Echostar Dish Network was chosen to provide the receivers, the Hughes DirecTV system had already been optioned to Power Broadcasting, in Canada, it has since been withdrawn. ExpressVu launched service in September 1997, initially as Dish Network Canada, followed by ExpressVu Dish Network, Bell took over full ownership of ExpressVu by 2000. The ExpressVu name was retired in August 2008 along with the Today Just Got Better advertising campaign, Bells television services as a whole are now simply called Bell TV. When disambiguation is required, the service is called Bell Satellite TV. Plans have been shelved for any additional ExpressVu satellite expenditures assuming pending CRTC, as a result of this, SES has announced that they will not be replacing the ill-fated AMC-14 now that Dish Network has cut this deal with Telesat & BCE for Nimiq 5 usage. In 2009, Telus reached a deal to resell a re-packaged version of the Bell TV service in parts of Alberta, the Telus-branded service co-exists with the Bell-branded version of Bell TV, which is still offered in the markets that Telus Satellite TV is offered. In 2012, Bell changed satellite plans in Ontario and they are now sold in packages called Good, Better and Best similarly to its competitor Rogers Cable in that region. Channels in the Best tier can still be purchased in theme packages and this also does not affect other regions such as Quebec, where there are different types of plans. Along with these changes, Bell discontinued sales and rentals of its final standard-definition television receiver, customers who still have an older SDTV with an AV input can use an HD receiver, but the quality will be limited to 480i due to technical limitations. Bell TV broadcasts from two satellites, Nimiq 4 and 6. Nimiq 4 was launched on September 19,2008, and Nimiq 6 was launched on May 17,2012, both satellites follow an equatorial path, giving coverage to most of Canada. Nimiq is an Inuktitut word for that which unifies and was chosen from a naming contest in 1998. The two satellites are owned and operated by Telesat Canada, Bells uplink site is located in North York, Toronto, Ontario. Nimiq 4, located at 82° W primarily serves Bell’s high-definition television content, Nimiq 6, located at 91. 1° W primarily serves Bell’s standard-definition television and radio content. Each satellite has 32 Ku-band transponders, a transponder usually has enough bandwidth to broadcast approximately 10 channels
32.
Shaw Direct
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Shaw Direct is a direct broadcast satellite television distributor in Canada. Known for their direct broadcasting by satellite distribution, it is majority-owned by cable TV operator Shaw Communications Inc, as of 2010, Shaw Direct had over 900,000 subscribers. The company was known as Star Choice until April 15,2009. A full list of channels carried by these three satellites is available from satellite-related sites such as Lyngsat, Anik F1 carries most mainstream English-language programming, Anik F2 programming includes French-language and HDTV broadcasts. A third planned satellite, Anik G1, was launched on April 15,2013 and this new satellite provides Shaw Direct customers with access to over 210 HD channels, beating out rival competitor Bell TV as having the most HD channels in Canada. Shaw Direct began in Lincoln, New Brunswick, but is now based in Calgary and its broadcast centre is in Mississauga, Ontario, and has call centres in Victoria, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Montreal. March 1997, Opened first customer care centre, march 1997, Activated their first customer, Archie Gray, who purchased a receiver for $999 with 100 digital channels when he purchased $400 worth of programming. September 1997, Added Shaw PPV to their lineup, September 1999, Added 60 new channels to their lineup. January 2000, Launched HDTV programming with the broadcast of Super Bowl XXXIV, August 2000, Privatized by Shaw Communications Inc. through its acquisition of Cancom. April 2001, Activated both Anik F1 and Anik E2 satellites, becoming the first Canadian provider to broadcast services from two satellites simultaneously, march 2002, Moved its head office from Lincoln, New Brunswick to Calgary, Alberta. May 2002, Sold its one millionth receiver, August 2003, Launched its first fully integrated High Definition receiver, the Motorola DSR500 HD. September 2003, WTSN was dropped from lineup because of the channels demise, february 2004, Added 16 additional standard-definition channels to their lineup, which is also including 2 high-definition ones. July 2004, Announced the expansion of new channels as a result of the launch of the Anik F2 satellite, may 2005, Launched the dual tuner High Definition Digital Video Recorder. November 2005, TCM is introduced to the Canadian market for the first time, September 1,2006, AMC and Teletoon are introduced to the Canadian market for the first time. October 2006, A&E HD, Discovery HD and SRC HD launch on October 12,2006, Super Écran HD launches October 30,2006, bringing the total amount of free HD channels to 15. December 2006, Showcase HD and National Geographic Channel HD launch on December 19,2006 bringing the amount of free HD channels to 17. January 2007, Launched the DSR317 receiver, featuring a faster processor than previous Standard Definition receivers, Super station WGN was swapped for the local Chicago feed on January 17,2007. February 2007, Launched the DSR207 receiver, featuring a faster processor than previous Standard Definition receivers, march 2007, Star Choice announces the addition of GOL-TV, WFN, WGN HD and HD Net
33.
Verizon Fios
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Verizon Fios is a bundled Internet access, telephone, and television service that operates over a fiber-optic communications network with over 5 million customers in nine US states. The name, Fios, is an acronym for Fiber Optic Service, Fios service began in 2005, and networked areas expanded through 2010, although some areas do not have service or cannot receive TV and phone service because of franchise agreements. Verizon was one of the first major U. S. carriers to offer fiber to the home, other service providers use fiber optics in the network backbone and existing copper or coax infrastructure for residential users. Where available, select Verizon Wireless stores also sell Fios services, similar to AT&T offering DirecTV, the early stages of Fios began when Bell Atlantic was testing its video service Stargazer in 1995. This was the worlds first commercial VOD service, which was tested to 1,000 homes in northern VA, during this time there were talks of developing a fiber optic based service. This service was developed at a headquarters located in Reston, Virginia and this will be folded into our deployment of fiber to the curb, Mr. Townsend said, referring to Bell Atlantics plans to deploy a high-tech fiber-optic system. In September 2005, Verizon Communications, announced the launch of its Fios television service, Verizon aimed to replace copper wires with optical fibers, which would allow greater speed and quality of communication. In 2006, Verizon and Motorola partnered to bring its customers home DVR access, in 2006, The Wall Street Journal speculated, Verizon Communications Inc. is fielding offers for. Verizon also has been shopping a package dubbed GTE North that comprises about 3.4 million access lines in former GTE Corp. territories in Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, in addition to expanding its customer base, Verizon expanded its services in the first few years. Home Media DVR, a video recorder, was released in 2006. Fios updated its user interface in 2007, allowing customers to access widgets for localized content, such as weather, Verizon announced in January 2008 that one million people subscribed to the service. By the end of 2008, Fios offered more than 150 HD channels, price increases were announced in April 2008, when Fios was available to 6.5 million households. In January 2009, Fios was available to 12.7 million homes, as of June 2009, Fios Internet had 3.1 million customers. Estimates on December 31,2009, were 3.4 million Internet customers and 2.86 million for Fios TV, doug Michelson, an analyst at Deutsche Bank, concluded that Verizon has been overspending to acquire Fios customers. Some viewed the halt in expansion as a violation of Verizons agreements with municipalities and states. In New Jersey, Verizon collected an additional $15 billion in fees from customers, the New Jersey government altered the deal in 2014 to allow Verizon to substitute wireless internet access to fulfill its promise instead. Verizon defended itself, claiming that they had spent $13 billion building fiber optics in New Jersey, critics pointed out that wireless internet was slower and less reliable. In April 2010, Verizon announced that three people were subscribed to Verizon Fios
34.
Sirius Satellite Radio
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Sirius Satellite Radio was a satellite radio and online radio service operating in North America, owned by Sirius XM Holdings. Music streams on Sirius carry a variety of genres, broadcasting 24 hours daily, commercial-free. A subset of Sirius music channels is included as part of the Dish Network satellite television service, Sirius channels are identified by Nielsen Audio with the label SR. Its business model is to provide radio, analogous to the business model for premium cable television. Music channels are presented without commercials while talk channels, such as Howard Sterns Howard 100 and Howard 101, furthermore, all channels are free from FCC content regulation, thus songs are played unedited for language, and talk programs may feature explicit content if they wish. Subscriptions are prepaid and range in price from US$14.99 monthly to US$699.99 for lifetime subscription, there is a US$15 activation fee for every radio activated. Sirius announced it had achieved its first positive cash flow quarter for the period ending December 2006, Sirius launched its radio service in four states on February 14,2002, expanding service to the rest of the contiguous U. S. by July of that year. On July 29,2008, Sirius formally completed its merger with former competitor XM Satellite Radio, the combined company began operating under the name Sirius XM Radio. On November 12,2008, Sirius and XM began broadcasting with their new, on January 13,2011, Sirius Satellite Radio was dissolved as a separate entity and merged into Sirius XM Radio, Inc. As of Q12013, Sirius XM has a total of 24.4 million subscribers, on April 11,2016 Sirius XM announced crossing the 30 million subscriber threshold on the Howard Stern Show. Sirius was founded by Martine Rothblatt, David Margolese and Robert Briskman, in 1990, Martine Rothblatt founded Satellite CD Radio, Inc. in Washington, DC. The company was the first to petition the FCC to assign unused frequencies for radio broadcast, which “provoked a furor among owners of both large and small radio stations. ”Rothblatt had previously helped create the PanAmSat international satellite television system. In April 1992, she resigned as chairman and CEO of Sirius in order to start a research foundation. Former NASA engineer Robert Briskman, who designed the companys technology, was then appointed Chairman. Six months later, in November 1992, Rogers Wireless co-founder David Margolese, the company successfully bid $83.3 million to purchase their satellite radio license. In 1997, after Margolese had obtained regulatory clearance and effectively created the industry, the FCC also sold a license to XM Satellite Radio, Joe Clayton, former CEO of Global Crossing, followed as CEO from November 2001 until November 2004. Clayton stayed on as chairman until July 2008, Mel Karmazin, former president of Viacom, became CEO in November 2004, and remained in that position through the merger, until December 2012. On February 19,2007, Sirius announced a deal with XM Satellite Radio
35.
XM Satellite Radio
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XM Satellite Radio was one of the three satellite radio and online radio services in the United States and Canada, operated by Sirius XM Holdings. It provided pay-for-service radio, analogous to cable television and its service included 73 different music channels,39 news, sports, talk and entertainment channels,21 regional traffic and weather channels and 23 play-by-play sports channels. XM channels were identified by Arbitron with the label XM, the satellite service was officially launched on September 25,2001. On November 12,2008, Sirius and XM began broadcasting with their new, on January 13,2011, XM Satellite Radio, Inc. was dissolved as a separate entity and merged into Sirius XM Radio, Inc. Prior to its merger with Sirius, XM was the largest satellite radio company in the United States, while the satellite receiver radio service was its primary product, XM operated several audio and data services, and advertising. XMs primary business was satellite radio entertainment, XM carried music, news, sports, talk radio, comedy, and even radio drama. In addition, XM used to broadcast local weather and traffic conditions in its larger markets, the channel lineup was available on-line. To receive satellite radio programming, a customer was required to purchase a receiver, prices ranged from less than $50 to over $200. With a service commitment, it was possible to get a simple receiver for free, monthly packages started at US$6. 99/month but after adding multiple sports channels the monthly subscription changed to US$14. 49/month with add-on family radios at US$8. 99/month. Best-of-Sirius was available on US accounts for a monthly fee. Channel quality was in one of two flavors, stereo music channels at 39 kbit/s and mono talk channels at 16 kbit/s using proprietary compression, many subscribers have complained about the low quality of satellite radio sound. But providers have stuck with the plan for more channels instead of better quality, HD terrestrial digital radio, a competitor has always used this difference as a selling point. Prior to March 11,2009, XMRO was included with XM Radio subscriptions, XM also provided data services such as weather information for pilots and weather spotters through its Sirius XM Weather & Emergency datacasting service. This up to the weather information could be displayed in the cockpit of an aircraft equipped with a satellite weather receiver. Unlike weather radar, which relies on the aircrafts own equipment, the downside is that the various weather streams took around 15 minutes to complete the data download, meaning that the information can somewhat be out-of-date by the time it is shown. In-cockpit radar and lightning receivers returned truly realtime information, but they costed many thousands of dollars, FAA Temporary Flight Restrictions were also available and shown. Certain aircraft had the XM radio service into the audio system, as well. In 2005, AirTran Airways began putting XM Satellite Radio on their aircraft, while in January 2006, United Airlines started carrying prerecorded XM content in March 2006
36.
Sirius XM Holdings
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The company also has a major investment in Canada called SiriusXM Canada, an affiliate company that provides Sirius and XM service in Canada. At the end of 2013, Sirius reorganized their corporate structure, the merger brought the combined companies a total of more than 18.5 million subscribers based on current subscriber numbers on the date of merging. The deal was valued at $3.3 billion, not including debt, through Q32016, Sirius XM has 31 million subscribers. The proposed merger was opposed by those who felt a merger would create a monopoly, Sirius and XM argued that a merger was the only way that satellite radio could survive. Sirius Satellite Radio was founded by Martine Rothblatt, David Margolese, in 1990, Rothblatt founded Satellite CD Radio in Washington, DC. The company was the first to petition the FCC to assign unused frequencies for radio broadcast. In April 1992, Rothblatt resigned as chairman and CEO to start a research foundation. Former NASA engineer Briskman, who designed the companys technology, was then appointed chairman. Six months later, in November 1992, Rogers Wireless co-founder Margolese, in 1997, after Margolese had obtained regulatory clearance and effectively created the industry, the FCC also sold a license to XM Satellite Radio, which followed Siriuss example. Joe Clayton, former CEO of Global Crossing, followed as CEO from November 2001 until November 2004, Clayton stayed on as chairman until July 2008. Mel Karmazin, former president of Viacom, became CEO in November 2004, following the Allocation NPRM, the FCC established a December 15,1992 cut-off date for applications proposing satellite DARS to be considered in conjunction with CD Radios application. One such application came from American Mobile Radio Corporation the predecessor company to XM Satellite Radio, XM Satellite Radio was founded by Lon Levin and Gary Parsons. Its planned financing was complete by July 2000, at which point XM had raised $1.26 billion and secured installation agreements with General Motors, Honda and Toyota. Initially scheduled for September 12,2001, XMs service start date was postponed due to the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, XM Satellite Radios first broadcast was on September 25,2001, nearly four months before Sirius. Gary Parsons served as chairman of XM Satellite Radio from its inception through the merger, Hugh Panero served as XMs CEO from 1998 until July 2007, shortly after the merger with Sirius was proposed. Nate Davis was appointed interim CEO until the merger was completed, at which point Sirius CEO Mel Karmazin took over as CEO of the merged company. After years of speculation, and three months of negotiations, the $13 billion merger between Sirius and XM was officially announced on February 19,2007. At the time, the only two satellite radio providers reported nearly 14 million combined subscribers, with neither having turned an annual profit
37.
IPTV
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Unlike downloaded media, IPTV offers the ability to stream the source media continuously. As a result, a client media player can begin playing the data almost immediately and this is known as streaming media. Although IPTV uses the Internet protocol it is not limited to television media streamed from the Internet, IPTV in the telecommunications arena is notable for its ongoing standardisation process. Historically, many different definitions of IPTV have appeared, including elementary streams over IP networks, transport streams over IP networks and these services may include, for example, Live TV, Video On Demand and Interactive TV. These services are delivered across an access agnostic, packet switched network that employs the IP protocol to transport the audio, video, the term IPTV first appeared in 1995 with the founding of Precept Software by Judith Estrin and Bill Carrico. Precept developed an Internet video product named IP/TV, the software was written primarily by Steve Casner, Karl Auerbach, and Cha Chee Kuan. Precept was acquired by Cisco Systems in 1998, Internet radio company AudioNet started the first continuous live webcasts with content from WFAA-TV in January 1998 and KCTU-LP on January 10,1998. The operator added additional VoD service in October 2001 with Yes TV, kingston was one of the first companies in the world to introduce IPTV and IP VoD over ADSL as a commercial service. The service became the reference for various changes to UK Government regulations, in 2006, the KIT service was discontinued, subscribers having declined from a peak of 10,000 to 4,000. In 1999, NBTel was the first to commercially deploy Internet protocol television over DSL in Canada using the Alcatel 7350 DSLAM, the service was marketed under the brand VibeVision in New Brunswick, and later expanded into Nova Scotia in early 2000 after the formation of Aliant. IMagic TV was later sold to Alcatel, in 2002, Sasktel was the second in Canada to commercially deploy Internet Protocol video over DSL, using the Lucent Stinger DSL platform. In 2005, SureWest Communications was the first North American company to offer high-definition television channels over an IPTV service, in 2005, Bredbandsbolaget launched its IPTV service as the first service provider in Sweden. As of January 2009, they are not the biggest supplier any longer, TeliaSonera, in 2007, TPG became the first internet service provider in Australia to launch IPTV. Complementary to its ADSL2+ package this was, and still is, free of charge to customers on eligible plans and now offers over 45 local free to air channels, by 2010, iiNet and Telstra launched IPTV services in conjunction to internet plans but with extra fees. In 2008, PTCL launched IPTV under the name of PTCL Smart TV in Pakistan. S. Markets with an IPTV service called Prism and this was after successful test marketing in Florida. During the 2014 Winter Olympics Shortest path bridging was used to deliver 36 IPTV HD Olympic channels, in 2016, KCTV introduced the Set-top box called Manbang, claiming to provide video-on-demand services in North Korea via quasi-internet protocol television. According to KCTV, viewers can use the service not only in Pyongyang, stating that the demands for the equipment are particularly high in Sinuiju, with several hundred users in the region
38.
AT&T U-verse
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AT&T U-verse, commonly called U-verse, is an AT&T brand of triple-play telecommunications services, although the brand is now only used in reference to the television portion of the services. Launched on June 26,2006, using the FTTP, VDSL, and ADSL communication protocols, U-verse included broadband Internet, IP telephone, and IPTV services in 21 states. On March 27,2017, it was revealed that AT&T is seriously considering closing down the TV service website Uverse. com on May 30,2017. SBC announced its plans for a network and Internet Protocol television deployment in 2004. Beta testing began in San Antonio in 2005 and AT&T U-verse was commercially launched June 26,2006, a few months later on November 30,2006, the service was launched in Houston. In December 2006, the product launched in Chicago, San Francisco, Oakland, Hartford, Indianapolis, in February 2007, U-verse was launched in Milwaukee. One month later service was initiated in Dallas and Kansas City, in May 2007, U-verse launched in Detroit, Los Angeles, and surrounding areas. Launch continued in Cleveland, Akron, and San Diego in June 2007, the Oklahoma City and Sacramento launches occurred in August 2007. In November 2007, service was started in Austin, in December 2007, U-verse was launched in Orlando and St. Louis. A controlled launch was initiated in Atlanta that month marking the first launch in the Southeastern United States. On December 22,2008, the product debuted in Birmingham, on January 25,2010, AT&T announced that U-verse was available to over 2.8 million households. AT&T Phone was added on January 22,2008, and was first available in Detroit, in 2008, U-verse availability approached 8 million households and over 225,000 customers had been enrolled, with new installations reaching 12,000 per week. By 2009,1 million Phone customers and 2.1 million U-verse TV customers had been enrolled, at the end of 2011, U-verse was available to more than 30 million living units in 22 states and U-verse TV had 3.8 million customers. By mid-2012, AT&T had 4.1 million U-Verse TV subscribers,2.6 million Phone subscribers, by the third quarter of 2012, AT&T had 4.3 million TV subscribers,2.7 million Phone subscribers and 7.1 million Internet. This represents 7% growth quarter on quarter, the actual number of customers is lower, as most customers subscribe to a bundle and so are counted in both categories. On March 29,2016, AT&T announced that it will increase data caps on its Internet service on May 23,2016, the integration of AT&T and DirecTV is set to begin by the fourth quarter of 2016. On May 16,2016, AT&T announced that it will acquire Quickplay Media, on September 19,2016, AT&T announced that the U-verse brand would no longer apply to its broadband and phone services, renaming them AT&T Internet and AT&T Phone, respectively. AT&T delivers most U-verse service over a fiber-to-the-node or fiber-to-the-premises communications network, in the more common FTTN deployment, fiber-optic connections carry all data between the service provider and a distribution node
39.
Bell Fibe TV
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Bell Internet, originally and frequently still called Sympatico, is the residential Internet service provider division of BCE Inc. As of May 3,2012, Bell Internet has over 3 million subscribers in Ontario and Quebec, Bell Fibe Internet is offered at the following speeds, 15/10 Mbit/s, 25/10 Mbit/s, 50/10 Mbit/s, 150/50 Mbit/s, 300/100 Mbit/s, and 1 Gbit/s/100 Mbit/s. Sympatico was launched on November 29,1995, starting in Summer 2003, Sympatico tried to differentiate its service from its competitors by adding value-added services. This meant the launch of Radial Points suite of antivirus, firewall, although a fee was originally required, this is no longer the case, as Bell now provides the service at no extra charge for DSL customers. In 2004, Sympatico added a wireless modem-router hardware upgrade and Microsofts MSN Premium software to its portfolio, in Summer 2007, Sympatico packaged its Security suite and wireless home networking modem together with its high speed offering as Sympatico Total Internet. Bell Sympatico changed its name to Bell Internet on August 8,2008, on January 3,2012, customer advocacy blog Stop The Cap. In May 2012, Bell launched new fiber-to-the-home plans and simplified its slower DSL plans, FTTH regions can now download and upload at symmetric speeds of up to 175 Mbit/s. The previous changes for lower bandwidth caps were reverted for the new Fibe 15/1, the Fibe 5/1 plan replaced the older Essential, Essential Plus, Fibe 6 and Fibe 7 plans. The bandwidth cap for Fibe 5/1, however, was lowered from 25 GB to 15 GB, the Fibe 50/50 FTTH plan was removed from Bells website by February 2013. In its place, a Fibe 50/10 FTTN plan was available for the first time. During that same month, usage caps for the 15/10, 25/10 and 50/10 plans were lowered by 15,25 and 75 GB respectively, February also saw the addition of an unlimited Internet usage add-on for Bell Internet. It costs $30/month and can be added to any residential plan and those who subscribe to telephony and residential television from Bell can obtain a $20/month discount on the unlimited Internet usage add-on. When Bell started its DSL Internet service, then known as Sympatico, it offered one DSL modem. Later, it added more models with routing and wireless LAN capabilities built-in, customers previously had to pay extra for such capabilities. Today, both of these features are standard in both all-in-one devices Bell lends to its customers, standard DSL customers must rent Bells 2Wire 2701HG-G device, which can create 802. 11g wireless access point. VDSL customers consist of any service with more than 1 Mbit/s of upload speed, and they must rent the Cellpipe router 802. 11n-capable device instead, which also bundles a superior DSL modem. The SpeedStream 5200 is a basic, legacy device, distributed during the early 2000s, the SpeedStream 6520 is a wireless-capable, legacy device, distributed during the mid-2000s, The back of the SpeedStream 6520. Four RJ45 ports, one USB port and 802. 11g wireless LAN antenna for connectivity can be seen, the 2Wire 2701HG-G is Bells current device for standard DSL customers, distributed since 2009
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Google Fiber
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Google Fiber is part of the Access division of Alphabet Inc. It provides fiber-to-the-premises service in the United States, providing broadband Internet and cable television to a small, in mid-2016, Google Fiber had 68,715 television subscribers and was estimated to have about 453,000 broadband customers. The service was first introduced to the Kansas City metropolitan area, on August 10,2015, Google announced its intention to restructure the company moving less central services and products into a new umbrella corporation, Alphabet Inc. As part of this plan, Google Fiber would become a subsidiary of Alphabet and may become part of the Access. In October 2016, all plans were put on hold. Google Fiber will continue to service in the cities where it is already installed. Google Fiber offers four options, depending on location, a free Internet option, a 100 Mbit/s option, a 1 Gbit/s Internet option. The Internet service includes one terabyte of Google Drive service, the service includes a two terabyte DVR in addition to the Google Drive. The DVR can record up to eight live television shows simultaneously, in addition, television service will also stream live program content on iPad and Android tablet computers. Google offers several different service plans to their customers, Google also offers free Google Fiber Internet connectivity in each of its markets to select public, in order to avoid underground cabling complexity for the last mile, Google Fiber relies on aggregators dubbed Google Fiber Huts. From these Google Fiber Huts, the fiber cables travel along utility poles into neighborhoods and homes, the estimated cost of wiring a fiber network like Google Fiber into a major American city is $1 billion. The initial location was chosen following a selection process. Over 1,100 communities applied to be the first recipient of the service, the request form was simple, and, some have argued, too straightforward. This led to various attention-getting behaviors by those hoping to have their town selected, some examples are given below, Baton Rouge, Louisiana supporters remade the Supertramp song Give a Little Bit to Give a Gigabit. Greenville, South Carolina utilized 1,000 of their citizens, from an aerial view, the title Google was colorfully visible. Topeka, Kansas, temporarily renamed itself Google, a small plane bearing a banner reading Will Google Play in Peoria, IL. flew over the Google campus in Mountain View, California. The mayor of Duluth, Minnesota, jokingly proclaimed that every child will be named either Google Fiber or Googlette Fiber. The city of Rancho Cucamonga, California, dubbed their city, one of the islands in Sarasota, Florida, was temporarily renamed Google Island
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Vmedia
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VMedia Telecom Inc. is a Canadian telecommunications company and broadcast distribution provider. VMedia officially launched on March 26,2013, following the launch of its IPTV television service in Ontario, the company announced in 2016 that its intention is to expand service to Quebec, Alberta and British Columbia in the future. On May 31,2016, VMedia formally launched IPTV service in parts of Quebec, vMedias IPTV service is a traditional subscription television service bundled with over-the-top content delivered through a proprietary Android-based set-top box branded as VBox. On September 16,2016, VMedia launched an over-the-top skinny basic television service available via an app for Roku digital media players, the service offers 20 channels, including major Canadian and U. S. broadcast networks and channels, and all in high definition. Unlike the main service, this version does not require VMedia internet. VMedia offers VoIP telephone service in two tiers, unlimited Canadian long distance or unlimited World long distance, in September 2016, Bell Media issued a cease and desist order to Vmedia over its Roku-based IPTV service, demanding the removal of all of its networks. Vmedia argued that its permission to redistribute these stations fell under its CRTC licensing as a television provider. However, he warned that VMedia may not be able to afford litigation on the matter. Were trying to find our way to profitability, pending the result of the lawsuit, VMedia removed CTV and CTV Two from the service
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Streaming media
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Streaming media is multimedia that is constantly received by and presented to an end-user while being delivered by a provider. A client end-user can use their player to begin to play the data file before the entire file has been transmitted. For example, in the 1930s, elevator music was among the earliest popularly available streaming media, the term streaming media can apply to media other than video and audio such as live closed captioning, ticker tape, and real-time text, which are all considered streaming text. As of 2017, streaming is generally taken to refer to cases where a user watches digital video content or listens to audio content on a computer screen. With streaming content, the user does not have to download the digital video or digital audio file before they start to watch/listen to it. There are challenges with streaming content on the Internet, as of 2016, two popular streaming services are the video sharing website YouTube, which contains video and audio files on a huge range of topics and Netflix, which streams movies and TV shows. Live streaming refers to Internet content delivered in real-time, as events happen, Live internet streaming requires a form of source media, an encoder to digitize the content, a media publisher, and a content delivery network to distribute and deliver the content. Live streaming does not need to be recorded at the origination point, in the early 1920s, George O. Attempts to display media on computers date back to the earliest days of computing in the mid-20th century, however, little progress was made for several decades, primarily due to the high cost and limited capabilities of computer hardware. From the late 1980s through the 1990s, consumer-grade personal computers became powerful enough to various media. These technological improvement facilitated the streaming of audio and video content to users in their homes and workplaces. The band Severe Tire Damage was the first group to live on the Internet. On June 24,1993, the band was playing a gig at Xerox PARC while elsewhere in the building, as proof of PARCs technology, the bands performance was broadcast and could be seen live in Australia and elsewhere. Microsoft Research developed a Microsoft TV application which was compiled under MS Windows Studio Suite, realNetworks was also a pioneer in the streaming media markets, when it broadcast a baseball game between the New York Yankees and the Seattle Mariners over the Internet in 1995. The first symphonic concert on the Internet took place at the Paramount Theater in Seattle, the concert was a collaboration between The Seattle Symphony and various guest musicians such as Slash, Matt Cameron, and Barrett Martin. When Word Magazine launched in 1995, they featured the first-ever streaming soundtracks on the Internet.4 in 1999, in June 1999 Apple also introduced a streaming media format in its QuickTime 4 application. It was later widely adopted on websites along with RealPlayer. In 2000 Industryview. com launched its worlds largest streaming video archive website to help promote themselves
