1.
Governorates of Egypt
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Governorates are the first-level of the subdivisions. Egypt is divided, for administrative purposes, into twenty-seven governorates, egyptian governorates are the top tier of the countrys jurisdiction hierarchy. A governorate is administered by a governor, who is appointed by the President of Egypt, most governorates have a population density of more than one thousand per km², while the three largest have a population density of less than two per km². Governorates are either fully urban or else a mixture of urban, the official distinction between urban and rural is reflected in the lower tiers, i. e. fully urban governorates have no regions, as the markaz is, natively, a conglomeration of villages. Moreover, governorates may comprise just one city, as in the case of Cairo Governorate or Alexandria Governorate, hence, these one-city governorates are only divided into districts. Cairo Governorate consists of 41 districts, Alexandria Governorate consists of 7, two new governorates were created in April 2008, Helwan and 6th of October. In April 2011, however, the 6th of October and Helwan governorates were again incorporated into the Cairo and Giza Governorates, respectively. Luxor was created in December 2009, to be the 29th governorate of Egypt, but with the abolition of the 6th of October and Helwan governorates, before 1979, local government traditionally enjoyed limited power in Egypts highly centralized state. Under the central government, there were twenty-six governorates and these were subdivided into regions, each of which was further subdivided into towns or villages. At each level, there was a structure that combined representative councils and government-appointed executive organs headed by governors, district officers. Governors were appointed by the president, and they, in turn, the coercive backbone of the state apparatus ran downward from the Ministry of Interior through the governors executive organs to the district police station and the village headman. Before the 1952 revolution, state penetration of the areas was limited by the power of local notables. However, under Nasser, land reform reduced their socioeconomic dominance, the extension of officials into the countryside permitted the regime to bring development and services to the village. State penetration did not retreat under Sadat and Mubarak, the earlier effort to mobilize peasants and deliver services disappeared as the local party and cooperative withered, but administrative controls over the peasants remained intact. The local power of the old families and the headmen revived, the district police station balanced the notables, and the system of local government integrated them into the regime. Sadat took several measures to decentralize power to the provinces and towns, governors acquired more authority under Law Number 43 of 1979, which reduced the administrative and budgetary controls of the central government over the provinces. The elected councils acquired, at least formally, the right to approve or disapprove the local budget, in an effort to reduce local demands on the central treasury, local government was given wider powers to raise local taxes. Local representative councils became vehicles of pressure for government spending, under Mubarak decentralization and local autonomy became more of a reality, and local policies often reflected special local conditions
2.
Egypt
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Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and it is the worlds only contiguous Afrasian nation. Egypt has among the longest histories of any country, emerging as one of the worlds first nation states in the tenth millennium BC. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. One of the earliest centres of Christianity, Egypt was Islamised in the century and remains a predominantly Muslim country. With over 92 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab world, the third-most populous in Africa, and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres, the large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypts territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypts residents live in areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria. Modern Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power, with significant cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Egypts economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East, Egypt is a member of the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Arab League, African Union, and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Miṣr is the Classical Quranic Arabic and modern name of Egypt. The name is of Semitic origin, directly cognate with other Semitic words for Egypt such as the Hebrew מִצְרַיִם, the oldest attestation of this name for Egypt is the Akkadian
3.
Cairo
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Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt. Cairo has long been a center of the political and cultural life. Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab world, as well as the worlds second-oldest institution of higher learning, Al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, with a population of 6.76 million spread over 453 square kilometers, Cairo is by far the largest city in Egypt. An additional 9.5 million inhabitants live in proximity to the city. Cairo, like many other mega-cities, suffers from high levels of pollution, Cairos metro, one of only two in Africa, ranks among the fifteen busiest in the world, with over 1 billion annual passenger rides. The economy of Cairo was ranked first in the Middle East in 2005, Egyptians often refer to Cairo as Maṣr, the Egyptian Arabic name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the citys importance for the country. In Coptic the city is known as Kahire, meaning Place of the Sun, possibly referring to the ancient city of Heliopolis, the location of the ancient city is the suburb of Ain Shams. The ancient Egyptian name for the area is thought to be Khere-Ohe, The Place of Combat, sometimes the city is informally referred to as Kayro. The area around present-day Cairo, especially Memphis, had long been a point of Ancient Egypt due to its strategic location just upstream from the Nile Delta. However, the origins of the city are generally traced back to a series of settlements in the first millennium. Around the turn of the 4th century, as Memphis was continuing to decline in importance and this fortress, known as Babylon, remained the nucleus of the Roman, and, later, the Byzantine, city and is the oldest structure in the city today. It is also situated at the nucleus of the Coptic Orthodox community, many of Cairos oldest Coptic churches, including the Hanging Church, are located along the fortress walls in a section of the city known as Coptic Cairo. Following the Muslim conquest in 640 AD the conqueror Amr ibn As settled to the north of the Babylon in an area became known as al-Fustat. Originally a tented camp Fustat became a permanent settlement and the first capital of Islamic Egypt, in 750, following the overthrow of the Ummayad caliphate by the Abbasids, the new rulers created their own settlement to the northeast of Fustat which became their capital. This was known as al-Askar as it was laid out like a military camp, a rebellion in 869 by Ahmad ibn Tulun led to the abandonment of Al Askar and the building of another settlement, which became the seat of government. This was al-Qattai, to the north of Fustat and closer to the river, Al Qattai was centred around a palace and ceremonial mosque, now known as the Mosque of ibn Tulun. In 905 the Abbasids re-asserted control of the country and their returned to Fustat
4.
Eastern European Time
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Eastern European Time is one of the names of UTC+02,00 time zone,2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. The zone uses daylight saving time, so that it uses UTC+03,00 during the summer, a number of African countries use UTC+02,00 all year long, where it is called Central Africa Time, although Egypt and Libya also use the term Eastern European Time. The following countries, parts of countries, and territories use Eastern European Time all year round, Egypt, since 21 April 2015, used EEST from 1988–2010, Kaliningrad Oblast, since 26 October 2014, also used EET in years 1945 and 1991–2011. Libya, since 27 October 2013, switched from Central European Time, used year-round EET from 1980–1981, 1990–1996 and 1998–2012. Belarus, in years 1922–30 and 1990–2011 In Poland this time was used in years 1918–22, in time of World War II, Germany implemented MET in east occupied territories. Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol used EET as part of Ukraine in years 1991-94 and 1996-2014 Turkey, used EET in years 1910-1978, now uses year round DST timezone called Further-eastern European Time or Turkey Time. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus also uses FET, sometimes, due to its use on Microsoft Windows, FLE Standard Time or GTB Standard Time are used to refer to Eastern European Time. Since political, in addition to geographical, criteria are used in the drawing of time zones. The EET time zone, were it drawn by purely geographical terms, the easternmost part of the Republic of Macedonia, including the city of Strumica. The absolutely easternmost part of Serbia, in the Pirot District, the easternmost town in Norway, Vardø, lies at 30°51 E, which is located east of even of the central meridian of UTC+2, i. e. east of Istanbul and Alexandria. The Norwegian-Russian border is the place where CET borders Moscow time. There is a point at the Norway-Finland-Russia tripoint, near the town of Rayakoski. Belarus is located between 23°11′E and 32°47′E and is fully located with the physical UTC+2 area, but it uses UTC+3 year around. This also includes the city of Anapa, at the westernmost tip of the Krasnodar Krai near the entrance to the Sea of Azov, the Norway–Russia–Finland tri-zone point at Muotkavaara is surrounded by three different times in winter, two in summer. It had three time zones year-around before 2014, two of the four tripoints of Belarus and the tripoint of the Kaliningrad Region are surrounded by three different times in winter
5.
City proper
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A city proper is the area contained within city limits. A city proper is not limited to a city, it can describe the area of any locality that fits the definition. The United Nations defines the term as the political jurisdiction which contains the historical city centre. City proper is one of the three basic concepts used to urban areas and populations. The other two are urban agglomeration, and the metropolitan area, in some countries, city limits that act as the demarcation for the city proper are drawn very wide, in some very narrow. This can be cause for recurring controversy, in its strict sense, city proper is used as a technical term in demography, the statistical study of human populations. Under the title World Urbanization Prospects, the United Nations issues every two years estimates and projections of the urban and rural populations of all countries of the world, the book defines the population of a city proper as the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city. In demography, city proper is one of the three basic concepts used to urban areas and populations. The other two are urban agglomeration, and the metropolitan area, in addition, there are Census Statistical Areas and permutations thereof. However, many areas have grown far beyond the limits of the city proper. An urban agglomeration is the de facto population contained within the contours of a territory inhabited at urban density levels without regard to administrative boundaries’. Urban agglomerations are thus determined by density, the ends where the density of settlement drops below some critical threshold. A still more comprehensive concept is the metropolitan area, in short, there is no right manner to define a city or municipality, city proper is just one manner. The term is a combination of city in the sense of an administrative district. The Free Dictionary Being within the limited sense, as of a term designating something. Especially when translated from the English or back, city proper sometimes takes on different meanings in different parts of the world, the United Nations Demographic Yearbook is compiled using questionnaires dispatched annually to more than 230 national statistical offices. These questionnaires ask for the definition of urban areas, rural areas. In its data however, the United Nations Demographic Yearbook affords the individual countries considerable leeway over the definition of city proper, in Tokyo, data for city proper refer to 23 wards of the old city
6.
Helwan Governorate
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Helwan Governorate was one of the governorates of Egypt. It was located in Lower Egypt, the Helwan Governorate was split from the Cairo Governorate in April 2008. It was created through a decree in order to ease the burden placed on Cairo. The city of Helwan became the capital of the Helwan Governorate, in April 2011, prime minister Essam Sharaf abolished the Helwan Governorate and reincorporated its territory into the Cairo Governorate. Helwan Cairo Governorate 6th of October Governorate
7.
El Matareya, Cairo
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El Matareya is a district in the northern region of Greater Cairo, east of the Nile, in Egypt. The district is unrelated to the town in the Dakahlia Governorate. The districts location was part of the ancient city of Heliopolis, the name, El Matareya, is thought to come from the Latin word Mater which means mother, and is from the presence of the tree of the Virgin Mary in this district. El Matareya, with the nearby Ain Shams district, had a history during Egypts Pharaonic period as a part of ancient Heliopolis. The district has sites of the period, some only recently discovered. In ancient Roman times Heliopolis belonged to the Augustamnica province, legend tells of the Christian Holy Family sheltering under a tree in Heliopolis, presently known as the tree of the Virgin Mary, now with the Chapel of the Virgin in El Matareya. The French naturalist Pierre Belon du Mans mentions visiting El Matareya in his 1547 journey to Egypt, El Matareya once had the villas of prominent people. The El Masalla area of the district contains the ancient Masalla Obelisk, or Misalla and it is the only surviving element of Heliopolis standing in its original position, and of the great Temple of Re—Atum constructed by Pharaoh Senusret I of the Twelfth Dynasty. The 68 ft tall red granite obelisk weighs 120 tons—240,000 pounds, a pink granite megalithic colossus statue, with features resembling those of the Pharaoh Ramesses II, was found in El Matareya in 2006, weighing five tons—11,023 pounds. It was at the ruins of a sun temple dating back to the reign of Ramses II, the underground tombs of High Priests of Re of the Sixth Dynasty were found in the southeast corner of the Re-Atum Temple archaeological site in El Matareya. The Necropolis of Heliopolis,3 miles east of the Masalla obelisk in El Matareya, dates from the Middle Kingdom, a domed tomb made for a priest during the Twenty-sixth Dynasty, was discovered under a construction site in 2004. Many funereal small figure statues were found inside, and hieroglyphic writing was on the walls from the 7th century BCE. In the incoherent district of El-Mataria, in Cairo, there stands an old tree that has been attracting thousands of pilgrims each Christmas. There are many sacred trees in Egypt, trees that have offered shelter for the Holy Family during their stay here, desert Research Center, established by Laszlo Almasy. Ancient Heliopolis Modern Heliopolis Heliopolis style - architecture El Matareya - a town in Dakahlia governorate
8.
Heliopolis, Cairo
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Heliopolis was a suburb outside Cairo, Egypt, which has since merged with Cairo as a district of the city and is one of the more affluent areas of Cairo. It was established in 1905 by the Heliopolis Oasis Company headed by the Belgian industrialist Baron Empain and by Boghos Nubar and it is the location of the Cairo International Airport. Despite losing the contract to the British, Empain stayed on in Egypt. His efforts culminated in 1907 with the building of the new town of Heliopolis, the new city represented the first large-scale attempt to promote its own architecture, known now as the Heliopolis style. Baron Empains own residence adopted a unique south Asian architectural style, alexander Marcel, a French architect and a member of the prestigious French Institute, was commissioned by Empain to build him a Hindu style palace. Modelled on Angkor Wat in Cambodia and the Hindu temples of Orissa and it still stands today, remaining one of the finest examples of early creative use of concrete, of which it was entirely built. The neighborhood had some of the wealthiest Egyptian residences, on the left facing Avenue Baron was the Arabesque palace of Boghos and Marie Nubar Pasha, now a military headquarters. The Pasha assisted Baron Empain in purchasing the 6,000 acres of desert, at one pound each. Diagonally opposite stands the former residence of Sultan Hussein Kamel, who reigned over Egypt between 1914 and 1917, Today, it is a presidential guest house. The Heliopolis War Cemetery is on Nabil el Wakkad street, modern Heliopolis was originally filled primarily with aristocratic Egyptians, as well as some European nationals. Unlike other modern Cairene suburbs around the start of the 20th century, after the 1952 revolution led by Nasser, it became home to much of Cairos educated middle class. As Cairo has expanded, the large distance between Heliopolis and Cairo has vanished and it is now well inside the city. Because of the growth in population, the original gardens that filled the city have mostly been built over. The Catholic Basilica church on Al-Ahram street is a landmark in Heliopolis. Since 1886 it was the see of the Latin Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Heliopolis until its title was merged in 1987 into the Apostolic Vicariate of Alexandria in Egypt and its Marian former Our Lady cathedral remains a Co-cathedral. Heliopolis contains recreational places, as it was established to offer its residents and visitors rest. Heliopolis club is one of the most luxurious sporting clubs in Egypt and it was established along with Heliopolis in 1905. From 1911 until 1915, Heliopolis had Luna Park, Africas first amusement park, the Merryland is also a famous recreational park, it contains a lake and was at the height of its elegance in the 1960s and 70s
9.
Shubra
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Shubra is one of the largest districts of Cairo, Egypt and it is administratively divided into three areas, Shubra, Road El Farag, and Elsahel. Of the less well-known areas — villages specifically — there are several places that bear the name of Shubra. However, these areas are quite distinguishable as the word Shubra has come to only a general meaning. During the rule of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Shubra was developed into an area after he built himself a palace in the area. The present-day area is now heavily populated, with a three million residents mostly Muslims, but including a large Coptic population. Shubra has a concentration of Copts in Cairo. There are several churches throughout the neighborhoods, such as the decades-old Church of St. Mary in Massarra and St. George. Shubra is served by the Cairo Metro, Shubra has also an Islamic flavor as there are so many mosques side by side to the churches in a way that most of the time you can hardly notice to which the minaret belongs. One of the most renowned mosques in Shubra is el Khazen Dar mosque, the palace of Muhammad Ali is the most renowned tourist attraction in Shubra, and cost more than 50 million Egyptian pounds to be restored. Bishop Moussa, Bishop of Youth, attended and served the churches in Shubra before being a monk, Bishop Raphael, General Bishop of down town Cairo, attended and served the churches in Shubra before being a monk. Bishop Youssef, http, //suscopts. org/diocese/bishop/, was attending and serving Saint Antonious Church in Shubra. Father Raphael Ava Mina used to live in Shubra, the famous French-Italian singer Dalida was born in Shubra in 1933. Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra Community website St Mary Coptic Orthodox Church at Massarra website
10.
Bulaq
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Bulaq, Arabic, بولاق, is a district of Cairo, Egypt. It neighbours Downtown Cairo, Azbakeya, and the River Nile and it is populated with a mixed working class from all parts of Egypt, who migrated to the city during the 19th century to work on Muhammad ‘Ali’s projects. To the north of the district is located the bulk of the newer industrial plants. The history of Bulaq goes back to the Mamluk rule of the century when the site was the main port of Cairo filled with several Wikalas. The new Egyptian Museum of Antiquities was established at Bulaq in 1858 in a former warehouse, the building lay on the bank of the Nile River, and in 1878 it suffered significant damage in a flood. In 1892, the collections were moved to a royal palace. They remained there until 1902 when they were moved, for the last time, the Museums former location is indicated by the continued existence of a Maspero Street, named after the second head of the Antiquities Department. Schools in Bulaq, International Italian School Leonardo da Vinci Kalousdian Armenian School Media related to Bulaq at Wikimedia Commons
11.
Azbakeya
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Azbakeya is one of the districts of Cairo, Egypt in the centre of Cairo, and contains many historically important establishments. One of these is the Saint Marks Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, which was inaugurated by Pope Mark VIII in 1800, Azbakeya was the place where the first Cairo Opera House was established, until it was burnt in 1970. By the time of Barquq, the first Circassian Mamluk Sultan, in 1384 AD, when Barquq started his madrassa in Bayn al-Qasrayn, markets were rebuilt, and Khan al-Khalili, the most famous touristic market in Cairo, was established. The Maqrisi showed that the cemetery, founded by al-Nasir Muhammad. When al-Nasir Muhammad in 1320 abandoned the area between Bab al-Nasr cemetery and Muqattam, a number of buildings started to be built in the northern cemetery. The lack of opposition allowed for the construction of striking religious buildings of monumental scale in the northern cemetery, examples include Khanqa of Faraj Ibn Barquq, Madrasas of Inal, Qurqumas, Barsbay and Qaitbay. During the latter half of the 15th century, two major transformations took place in Cairo, the port of Bulaq, and a district called Azbakeya in the northwest section of the city. By the end of the 15th century, Bulaq was even able to take over the role as the commercial port from Old Cairo. With Al Khalij always serving as the boundary of the city and feeding nearby ponds. After each flooding, surrounding lands would be transformed into green areas with vegetation. Cairo was often referred to as Misr, or Egypt, which implies that Cairo was often considered to be synonymous to Egypt whereas other cities in Egypt were of far less significance. By the Ayyubid period, the Iqtaa or feudal system was established and was continued by the Mamluks as an important source of revenue. Although the Mamluk Amirs owned large pieces of lands in various parts of Egypt. In comparison with the European of that time, the majordomo residing on the land, the Mamluks used to visit their lands infrequently either for supervision or the collection of the profits. The Mamluk class was not a community, as Max Weber explains that class is a number of people have in common a specific component of their life chances. This component is represented exclusively by economic interests in the possession of goods, Cairo was the center of trade for the caravans, joining the east with the west and most of the profitable commercial deals were done in through its commercial centers. The Ambitious Mamluks preferred to live in Cairo seeking a power that guarantees a social class within the amires. This social benefit may lead to better position in the royal hierarchy, the conspiracies, murders and imprisoning were phenomenon that subsisted for the entire period of the Mamluk rule
12.
Manshiyat Naser
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Manshiyat Naser is a ward of Cairo, Egypt. It covers 5.54 square kilometers, home to 262,050 people in the 2006 census, and borders Nasr City to the east, central Cairo districts to the west, and Khalifa ward to the south. It is famous for the Garbage City quarter which is a settlement at the far southern end of Manshiyat Naser. Being Cairos largest concentration of Zabbaleen garbage collectors, its economy revolves around the collection, although Manshiyat Naser has streets, shops, and apartments as other areas of the city, it lacks infrastructure and often has no running water, sewers, or electricity. Coptic Christians were originally the predominant inhabitants of Manshiyat Naser, though in recent decades the areas Muslim population has grown, the Christians are well known for herding swine within the city, which are fed edible pieces of garbage and marketed across Cairo to Coptic Christian establishments. However, in the spring of 2009, the Egyptian government, in response to the threat of swine flu. The Cave Cathedral or St Samaans Church, used by the Coptic Christians in Garbage City, is the largest church in the Middle East, with seating for 15,000 people. The citys garbage is brought to the Garbage City in Manshiyat Naser by the Zabbaleen, as a passerby walks or drives down the road he will see large rooms stacked with garbage with men, women or children crouching and sorting the garbage into unsellable or sellable. Families typically specialize in a type of garbage they sort and sell — one room of children sorting out plastic bottles. Anything that can be reused or recycled is saved by one of the families in Manshiyat Naser. Various recycled paper and glass products are made and sold from the city, while metal is sold by the kilo to be melted down, carts pulled by horse or donkey are often stacked 2.5 to 3 m high with the recyclable goods. The economic system in the Garbage City is classified as the informal sector, most families typically have worked in the same area and type of specialization in the garbage piles and continue to make enough money to support themselves. City of the Dead 2008 Cairo landslide
13.
Mokattam
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The Mokattam, also known as the Mukattam Mountain or Hills, is the name of a range of hills and a suburb in them, located in southeastern Cairo, Egypt. The Arabic name Mokattam, which cut off or broken off. The highest segment is a low mountain landform called Moqattam Mountain, in the past the low mountain range was an important ancient Egyptian quarry site for limestone, used in the construction of temples and pyramids. The hills are in the region of ancient Fustat, the new capital founded by Amr ibn al-As after the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 642 CE. The Zabbaleen people, who are a part of collecting and processing Cairos municipal solid waste, live in Manshiyat Naser, Garbage City. The name Broken off Mountain may be related to the fact that in the story the mountain breaks off from the rock and rises up. City of the Dead, Islamic necropolis and cemetery List of types of limestone, ancient Egyptians quarried limestone in the hills Al Mokattam Official Website
14.
City of the Dead (Cairo)
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The City of the Dead, or Cairo Necropolis, is an Islamic necropolis and cemetery below the Mokattam Hills in southeastern Cairo, Egypt. The people of Cairo, the Cairenes, and most Egyptians and it is a 4 miles long dense grid of tomb and mausoleum structures, where some people live and work amongst the dead. Some reside here to be ancestors, of recent to ancient lineage. Some live here after being forced from central Cairo due to urban renewal demolitions and urbanization pressures, Other residents immigrated in from the agricultural countryside, looking for work — an example of rural to urban migration in an LEDC. The poorest live in the City of the Dead slum, and Manshiyat Naser, which is known as Garbage City. The founding dates back to the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 642 AD, the following Islamic dynasties built their own political citadel to the north, founding a new graveyard. The commander’s family cemetery, the Great Qarafa and the Lesser Qarafa, have inhabited since the first centuries after the conquest. Its first resident nucleus consisted of the custodians to nobles graves, during the Fatimid Caliphate, because of their Shi’ite faith, the sovereigns supported pilgrimages to Ahl al Bayt shrines here. These pilgrimages increased the development to provide pilgrims’ needs. The following sultan, Salah el Din, in order to all the four capitals within a surrounding wall. It was also a place for parades, such as tournaments and investiture ceremonies, as well as for processions, at which sultan. Some built their palaces on the road of the cemetery in order to assist to the spectacles. With the Ottoman Empire, Egypt became a province of a vast empire with Constantinople as the capital, because of the short terms of the rulers’ office, only a few of one hundred and ten pashas who administrated Ottoman Egypt had tombs here. The Cairenes were contrary to their burial abroad, at the beginning of the sixteenth century an urban and heterogeneous community populated Al Qarafa. The economic improvements affected the territory of Islamic Cairo with the birth of new neighbourhoods which caused a reduction in the utilization of the old cemetery. The necropolis, because a site of extraordinary concentration of awalya’s tombs, Sufi colleges, during the following centuries the Egyptian populations impoverished numbers increased. The lower stratum of middle class collapsed and moved to other zones, the fellahin. Both of them crowded the poorest fringe zones as well as the City of the Dead, the newcomers changed Al Qarafa’s face from an urban district to a hybrid community of rurals and citizens
15.
Nasr City
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Nasr City is a district of Cairo, Egypt. It is located to the east of the Cairo Governorate and consists mostly of condominia and it was established in the 1960s as an extension to neighboring settlement of Heliopolis. The establishment of the district was part of the Egyptian Governments plan to modernise, gamal Abdel Nasser, the Egyptian President at the time, was involved personally in the design process, and was the one who chose the name Nasr for the new district. During the early stages of the project it was envisioned that it would constitute a new capital city and it is the largest district in Cairo, occupying nearly 250 km² of the capitals total area of 1,445 km². For this reason, it is divided into 10 sub-districts, of which numbers 6-10 are called by their respective numbers and it has a modern road system, and grid street system, which stands in contrast to the narrow winding streets of much of Old Cairo. Tram system partly serve Nasr City, also, other forms of transportation exist in Nasr City, including minibuses, microbuses, and tuk-tuks. Administratively, Nasr City covers kism Madīnat an-Naṣr 1 and Madīnat an-Naṣr 2, when catching a microbus, specific hand signs may be used. The district is home to many socioeconomic strata, during Ramadan, the comparative wealth of districts can be determined by whether there are electric lights or simply colored flags. The 10th district of Nasr City is home to refugees and immigrants of various countries, such as Sudan, Somalia, Nigeria, China, Malaysia, there are many mosques, such as the Masjid al Nour al Mohamedi. Also, there are stands, shawarma restaurants, a koshari restaurant near the main road. Due to the proximity to the airport, there are lots of planes flying overhead. Among its major landmarks is the pyramid-like Unknown Soldier Memorial honoring the Egyptian, the Memorial is opposite the grandstand at which President Sadat was assassinated, and is where Sadat himself is buried. The Revolution has led to the presence of graffiti on the road from Masjid al Salaam in the 8th subdistrict to the Ahly branch in Nasr City. This branch has 2 swimming pools, a soccer field, a track where members can exercise, a gym. Members can enter for free, but non-members must pay 20 Egyptian pounds for a ticket, Nasr City also has many mosques, and during the times of prayer, one may hear multiple live adhans preceded and followed by Quranic recitation. Sometimes, the prayers themselves are broadcast through the loudspeakers, Nasr City is overpopulated, and as such there are numerous schools found in the district. This section will list only a few of the many options for children in grades K-12. Public experimental schools include El Sedeek Experimental school, Ibn El Nafees Experimental school, Elmostakbal language experimental schools, ordinary public schools can be found in every neighborhood
16.
Zamalek
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Zamalek is an affluent district of western Cairo encompassing the northern portion of Gezira Island in the Nile River. The island is connected with the banks through three bridges each on the east and west sides of the island, including the Qasr El Nil Bridge. Zamalek, along with Maadi, Mohandessin, Heliopolis, and Garden City, is one of the affluent residential districts in Greater Cairo and it is also the district of many fine restaurants, bars and cafes, including traditional open-air ahwas and European cappuccino bars. Several Zamalek buildings have an Art Deco style, under Khedive Ismail the Island was called Jardin des Plantes, because of its great collection of exotic plants shipped from all over the world. French landscape designer De la Chevalerie designed the landscape plan, gardens. On the east shore a kiosk was built for attending the island, the kiosk was replaced in 1869 with the Gezirah Palace, a U-shaped summer mansion, which was designed by Julius Franz Pasha and decorated by Karl Von Diebitsch. The palace was built and first used for attending the 1869 opening of the Suez Canal. Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria and Eugénie, Empress of the French were some of the guests of the palace. Today the Gezira Palace is the part of the Cairo Marriott Hotel. In 1882 the Gezira Sporting Club was built in the region of the island. Later a water garden known as the Grotto Garden, with a collection of African fish, was built by British Captain Stanley Flower in Zamalek. Several notable Egyptian figures lived in Zamalek including the Diva of the East Umm Kulthum, as of 2010, over 420,000 people live on the island. There are 10 hospitals in Zamalek Gezira Sporting Club, the oldest club in Egypt, Cairo Tower, the tallest concrete construction in Egypt, built near the Gezira Sporting Club. Egyptian Opera House, built near the Cairo Tower, and one of the performing arts venues in the Middle East. El Sawy Culture Wheel Centre, located beneath 15 May Bridge in Zamalek, museum of Islamic Ceramics Faculty of Fine Arts All Saints Cathedral, Cairo International schools, Lycée Français du Caire Zamalek Primary Campus Pakistan International School of Cairo Gezira Island
17.
Old Cairo
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Old Cairo is a part of Cairo, Egypt which pre-dates the Fatimid city of Cairo, founded in 969 CE. Old Cairo contains the remnants of those cities which were capitals before al-Qahira, such as Fustat, al-Askar and these are the location of the Mosque of Amr and the Mosque of ibn Tulun, though little else remains today. This area also encompasses Coptic Cairo and its old churches. Modern tourists visit such as the Coptic Museum, the Babylon Fortress, the Hanging Church and other Coptic churches, the Ben Ezra Synagogue. Fort Babylon is a Roman fortress around which many of the Egyptian Christians oldest churches were built. Count Gabriel Habib Sakakini Pasha, who had become a name in his time, built a palace. During the latter half of the 15th century, two major transformations took place in Cairo, the port of Bulaq, and a district called Azbakeya in the northwest section of the city. The perimeters of the city had been unchanged for the past 300 years according to the map done by the French expedition in 1798 AD, with the Baybars’s conquest of Cyprus in 1428, Bulaq became the major port of Cairo. By the end of the 15th century, Bulaq was even able to take over the role as the commercial port from Old Cairo
18.
El Manial
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El Manial Arabic, المنيل) is a district of Cairo, located on Rhoda Island in the Nile. The El Manial Palace and garden estate was built for Prince Mohammed Ali Tewfiq between 1899 and 1929, Prince Muhammad Ali is the first cousin of King Faruq and the younger brother of Khedive Abbas II Hilmi. The palace was given to the Egyptian nation in 1955, the complex consists of six structures. Among these structures is a museum in which Faruqs hunting trophies are found, the residence and furnishings. The palace also includes a collection of manuscripts, carpets, textiles, brass work, items that can be seen here are a table made of elephant ears and a 1000-piece silver service. On part of the grounds a hotel has been built called the Meridian Hotel. The remaining palace gardens have beautiful plants and flowers in an expansive setting fronting a small branch or the Nile, palaces in Cairo The Manial Palace from Touregypt
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Garden City, Cairo
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Garden City is a wealthy, residential district in Central Cairo that spans the East side of the Nile and just south of downtown, the location of the famous Midan Tahrir. Two main streets, Qasr al-Ayni Street on the East and Nile Corniche on the west, delineate the eastern and western borders. Garden City is known for its quiet, upscale, secure atmosphere and as a destination for wealthy, Western tourists as the U. S. British. Despite the great political, technological, and industrial changes that occurred in Egypt, Garden City managed to keep its trendy, Garden City, in addition to Zamalek, Maadi, Mohandessin, and Heliopolis, is one of the wealthy, residential districts in Greater Cairo. Garden City is a difference in the development of other neighborhoods. Garden City was planned by private investors as opposed to the development of cities characterized by the random. Its landscape, street layout, architecture, and general atmosphere can be explained by both the nature of its founders and Khedive Ismails attempts to Europeanize Cairo, in line with the European feel of the district, Italian architect Beyerly designed the palace. Garden City was modeled after an English garden suburb meant to radiate tranquility and security and its winding, leafy streets often intersect with each other multiple times and graceful palaces and lofty mansions line the streets next to modern banks and other professional buildings. From the 1880s to the early 1900s, Egyptians from the older neighborhoods flocked to the trendier, up-and-coming parts of the city including Garden City, after 1952, there was a movement in direct response to the period of nationalist construction that took place throughout Egypt. For the most part, the atmosphere of Garden City. However, in anticipation of the anniversary of 9/11, most employees had already gone home and this security breach highlights the lack of immediately responsive military forces in Garden City, an area known for its peace and quiet. Furthermore, despite the relative low-key atmosphere, there were reports of violence in March 2013. Garden City residents reported that bullies set up blockades on certain streets at night, stopping cars, if the car’s inhabitants did not pay the 50 Egyptian pounds, the bullies would damage the cars. This also is a downfall in the tranquil reputation of Garden City and its paradise-esque rows of windy. Nile Corniche Qasr al-Ayni Street Belmont Building Pallache family Garden City, Cairo travel guide from Wikivoyage
20.
Maadi
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Maadi or al-Maadi is an affluent, leafy suburban district south of Cairo, Egypt on the east bank of the Nile about 12 km upriver from downtown Cairo. The Nile at Maadi is parallelled by the Corniche, a waterfront promenade, there is no bridge across the Nile at Maadi, the nearest one is located at El Mounib along the Ring Road on the way north to the downtown. Maadi population can raise up to 5, maǎdi معادي is the plural form of the Arabic word madiyya معدية, which means ferry, hence, al-Maadi literally means the ferries. There was a story that the name comes from a crossing in the area where ferries carried people from the east side of the Nile to the west. Todays Maadi stands on the site of a town that has turned out to be a significant predynastic, Ancient Egyptian archaeological site, building activity in the area has destroyed some archaeologically sensitive places. Maadi traces its history to 1904, when the railway between Cairo to the north and Helwan to the south was built. This, in combination with land speculation by the Mosseri cousins and city planning by Alexander Adams, construction was originally limited to the area adjacent to the railway, but eventually spread west to the Nile. Also, a large British army camp was built east of the railway, the town planning was done in 1905 by a Canadian retired officer Captain Alexander J. Adams. His vision led to the boulevards and large villas still seen in Maadi today. Even window shutters had prescribed colours, other regulations included wireless radio noise control after 22,00 and fines for not maintaining gardens properly. The world’s first solar power station was built in Maadi. An example of British colonial life in Maadi may be found in The house at Maadi, during that time this area belonged to the Delta Land Company which created Maadi in 1907. The rocky plateau was leased to the New Zealand Forces, a British interrogation centre was also located in Maadi. Their equipment, stored on a houseboat on the River Nile, had been examined by a signals officer from the Egyptian army. As a result, some of their institutions, such as St. Johns Anglican Church, were taken over, the oldest area in Maadi is El Sarayat, composed mostly of villas and lowrise buildings. It is the most affluent part of Maadi along with the adjacent Degla area and these two areas are recognizable by the high number of roundabouts, quiet atmosphere and greenery. There are many flats in Maadi, most in lowrise buildings, there are several highrises along the Corniche by the river, as well as in the newer, eastern part of Maadi, known as Degla. The Cairo office for the USAID is also located in Maadi, many streets in Maadi continue to have speed bumps as a traffic calming measure
21.
Helwan
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Helwan, is a city in Egypt and part of Greater Cairo, on the bank of the Nile, opposite the ruins of Memphis. Originally a southern suburb of Cairo, it served as the capital of the now defunct Helwan Governorate from April 2008 to April 2011, the kism of Helwan had a population of 643,327 at the 2006 population census. Around 3000 to 2600 BC there was a cemetery near Helwan serving the city of Memphis, the Khedivial Astronomical Observatory was built here 1903-1904, and was used to observe Halleys comet. Egypts oldest and largest private psychiatric clinic, the Behman Hospital, was constructed here in 1939. During the early part of the 20th century, the city was the site of RAF Helwan, a major British airfield, in 1959 Helwan was chosen to serve as a site of a major industrial city, as part of President Gamal Abdel Nassers attempts to industrialize Egypt. Throughout the 1960s it developed into a steel works zone. The site continues to use electricity from the Aswan Dam and iron ore from Egypts western deserts, Helwan was gradually transformed into a mass suburb of Cairo for the working class. In April 2008, the Helwan Governorate was split from the Cairo Governorate and it encompassed most of the suburbs, new compounds and villages located in the southern part of Cairo. The city of Helwan became the capital of the new governorate, following the dissolution of the Helwan Governorate in April 2011, the city of Helwan was reincorporated into the Cairo Governorate. Alphocranon was important enough in the Late Roman province of Arcadia Aegypti to be a suffragan of its Metropolitan Archbishop of Oxyrhynchus and its bishop Harpocration participated in the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The bishopric is mentioned in two Notitiae Episcopatuum, no longer a residential diocese, Alphocranon is today listed by the Catholic Church as a Latin Catholic titular bishopric, nominally restoring the diocese since 1933, but no incumbent is recorded. The now defunct Helwan Governorate encompassed the cities or districts, Maadi, Helwan, 15th of May, El Shorouk, New Cairo. The city of Helwan itself includes districts such as Wadi Hof, Hadayek Helwan, local industry includes iron, steel, textiles and cement. The area has hot springs, an astronomical observatory, the Helwan University. It is the terminus of Cairos light rail Metro Line 1, also trams in Helwan serve the people. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert, sadd el-Kafara, one of the earliest prehistoric man made dams in the world. Harold Knox-Shaw, one of the earliest Astronomy specialists in Helwan Observatory, john Reynolds, one of the earliest Astronomy specialists in Helwan Observatory & president of the English Royal Astronomical Society between 1935 and 1937. Operation Priha Helwan was targeted in Priha-1, tewfik Pasha died in his palace at Helwan
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New Cairo
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New Cairo is a city covering an area of about 30,000 hectares on the southeastern edge of Cairo Governorate,15 miles from Maadi. New Cairo is one of the new cities, which have built, in. It was established in the year 2000 by presidential decree number 191, located in what was formerly Helwan, and located between affluent Maadi and Heliopolis, New Cairo ranges in elevation between 250 and 307 metres above sea level. The city could eventually host a population of 5 million, when compared to 6th of October, also built with the hopes of alleviating the strain on Cairo, more homes are being rented out in New Cairo than in 6th of October. On April 27,2016 President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi inaugurated the new headquarters of the Ministry of Interior in New Cairo, the complex covers about 20,000 square miles. Of particular significance to geologists is the Petrified Forest Protected Area, because of its elevation and the fact that it is not as congested as Cairo, New Cairo enjoys cooler weather, than Cairo. There are dozens of factories in New Cairo, google Egypt has its headquarters in New Cairo. GE is working with the American University in New Cairo on energy initiatives, el Sewedy Electric has its headquarters in the Fifth Settlement of New Cairo. The city is connected to cities by a vast network of bus lines. The city gets its water from a water plant in Obour City. A championship golf course with tennis facilities lies in the Katameya section of New Cairo, at the entrance of New Cairo is Cairo Festival City, a 700 acres real estate development. It has parks, pools, gardens, walkways, business space, a large mall. There are several mosques in New Cairo, but currently only one church, the city is also home to a Coptic monastery, the Patmos Monastery of St. John the Beloved. In September 2016, the president approved the construction of a new Coptic Orthodox church in the city
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Badr, Egypt
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Badr is a city located north east in the Cairo Governorate, Egypt. Badr is planned as a city and includes 129 factories. In addition to this,350 factories are still under construction, most factories are built with the aim of exporting to Arab, African and world markets. It is the nearest industrial city to Cairo International Airport, Suez Port, it is close to the Delta. Projects in Badr are exempted from taxes for up to 10 years from the date at which their operation commenced, the city houses three universities, namely the Egyptian-Russian University, Future University in Egypt and the Egyptian E-Learning University. The city has a national hospital, Badr Hospital. The hospital was founded in the early 2005 and started working in 2009, Badr Hospital is owned by Helwan University and is now assigned to be a University Hospital. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert, as the rest of Egypt, shorouk City New Heliopolis Greater Cairo
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Ministry of Transportation (Egypt)
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The Ministry of Transportation of Egypt is part of the Cabinet of Egypt. It is responsible for meeting the needs of the country, whether by rail, road or water. Development of inland waterways of the transport service and provide the highest levels of security. Making plans for the establishment and development and strengthening of networks on the national level Develop plans to establish subway networks. Work on the development of ports and enhancing their performance. Develop plans to ensure the provision of specialized labor in the area of the ministrys activities, activate the studies and research in the field of work of the ministry. Saad el Geyoushi from September 2015, Develop the system of underground tunnels and complete the establishment of the remaining stages of the third and fourth line. Provide a road network with international standards and ensure competitive service in the transport of passengers and goods, create a mass transit system developed and integrated between the provinces, while encouraging the private sector with all potential. Activate and expand the Egyptian ports to increase capacity available for carriage of exported and imported goods, create new ports and develop the Egyptian Maritime Fleet. Deepen the advantage of Egypts geographical location loop transportation between East and West, North and South, Cabinet of Egypt Ministry of Transportation official website Ministry of Transportation Facebook page
25.
Kamal Ganzouri
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Kamal Ganzouri is an Egyptian economist who served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 7 December 2011 to 24 July 2012. He previously served as Prime Minister from 1996 to 1999 and he came to power in 1996 succeeding Atef Sedki, and was in turn succeeded by Atef Ebeid in 1999. He was branded Minister of the Poor and the Opposition Minister because of his way of dealing with limited income people, before becoming Prime Minister, Ganzouri served as Minister of Planning and International Cooperation. On 24 November 2011, Egypts military rulers appointed him as Prime Minister and he was sworn in and took office on 7 December 2011. Kamal Ganzouri was born on 12 January 1933 in Garwan, a town in Bagor city in Monofia and he obtained a PhD at Michigan State University, United States and began teaching at Egyptian universities and training institutes in 1959. He had served as a member of the Sadat Academy for Administrative Sciences from 1962 to 1967. He was an adviser to the President Anwar Sadat and he was also a member of the National Specialized Councils of production, education and services. In 1974, he became undersecretary Of Planning Minister and kept this until 1975 and he was appointed as Governor of the New Valley State in 1976 and then became Governor of the Bani Suef State in 1977 but resigned after just six months. He was appointed as Director of The National Planning Institute in 1977 after resigning from Governor of Bani Suef State, after Hosni Mubarak assumed power as President of Egypt in 1981, Ganzouri became Minister of Planning after one year in 1982. In June 1984, he became Minister of International Cooperation and he was also Deputy Prime Minister from November 1986 to January 1996. On 2 January 1996, Hosni Mubarak appointed Ganzouri as a replacement of Atef Sedki, during his appointment, he and his cabinet operated at a level that was unprecedented in Egypts modern history. In about 4 years or less they declared 387 laws,57 of those made dramatic changes to Egypt and his speciality in Planning enabled him to make a plan of development for Egypt up to 2017. He improved Egypts relations with the International Bank through the International Monetary Fund by completing the program ever completed between Egypt and the International bank since 1961. 13 other programs had gone to nowhere back then, the poverty ratio was reduced from 21% to 17%. Many of his projects were abandoned after he was dismissed as Prime Minister on 5 October 1999. Following his dismissal, he stayed away from the media. Some Regime Officials kept saying he didnt make any good to the country, even though, he has a good reputation between the people of Egypt and that was because of the major changes he had accomplished. The Government made a sum of investigations through the time he was in the Prime Ministry, in 2009, A high source within the National Democratic Party cleared that he was kept under house arrest, which was shocking and not cleared to normal Egyptians
26.
Alexandria Governorate
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Alexandria Governorate is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the part of the country, directly on the Mediterranean Sea. Along with Cairo and Giza, Alexandria is one of three governorates in the country that are also municipalities, the governorate capital is the city of Alexandria, the second largest city in Egypt. Alexandria governorate lies along the Mediterranean coast and stretch for about 70 km northwest of the Nile Delta, the governorate is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea in the north, El Behera governorate in the south and the east and Matrouh governorate in the west. The total area size of Alexandria governorate is almost 2818 km2, Alexandria has a unique geographical location and a mild climate. It is also considered an industrial governorate where 40% of Egyptian industries are concentrated, especially chemicals, food, spinning and weaving as well as petrol industries, the bond between Egypt and the Hellenic Empire dates from centuries before Alexander the Great. The crushing victory of Alexander the Great over the Persians in Asia gave him control over the Eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. As Alexander took control of all ports and harbour of the Eastern Mediterranean, on entering Alexandria, the Persian ruler of the city surrendered without resistance and Alexander entered the city in triumph. Travelling further south, he reached the City of Menf where he was given a welcome by the poor farmers who were euphoric at the ousting of the Persians. Alexander was ceremoniously crowned in a Pharaonic ceremony as the Son of Amun and ordered the construction of the city of Alexandria. As Alexander the Great rides along the Mediterranean Coast, a plot of land between the Mediterranean Sea and Lake Mariout catches his attention, with its unique features and intrinsic peculiarity, the spot was ideal for founding a great city of the most modern style back then. To the south was Lake Mariout, another natural border, which fortified the city defences. Alexander was firmly persuaded of the importance of building a city bearing his name to immortalise his memory for good, at the outskirts of the area to the west was the Rhacotis Village, which was populated with fishermen. Faithfully conceived by Alexander the Great, the idea was conveyed to Denocrates, the Greek architect, the name of Denocrates remains closely associated with the history of Alexandria since he started planning the citys layout in 331 B. C. The genius of this became evident as he blueprinted plans for roads, squares. Denocrates was born in the island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean Sea, such a cityscape was widespread across Greek cities in the fifth Century B. C. Denocrates also thought of building a bridge linking the mainland with the island, later on called Pharos, Alexandria was divided into five quarters, bearing the first five letters of the Greek Alphabet. Alexandria lays north-west of the Nile delta and stretches along a land strip between the Mediterranean Sea and Lake Maryut
27.
Port Said Governorate
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Port Said Governorate is one of the Canal Zone governorates of Egypt. It is located in the part of the country, on the Mediterranean Sea at the northern gate of the Suez Canal. Its capital is the city of Port Said, it is the home of the Suez Canal Authority headquarters and it is urban with 98. 2% of the area populated. Port Said Governorate also includes Port Fuad, in 2015 a huge natural gas reserve was discovered and was described as the largest ever found in the Mediterranean Sea. It was found off the coast of Port Said, Egypt now has one of the largest areas of natural gas and Italian company, ENI has been contracted to work on the natural gas liquefaction for Egypt. It was welcome news as Egypt has long suffered an energy crisis, the New Suez Canal project launched in 2015 included dredging of the East Port Said Canal. Port Said Port Fuad At the 2006 Census, there were 570,768 people,2015 estimates put that figure at 666,599. With an urbanization rate of 100%, the Port Said Governorate is one of the most urbanized in the country, along with Cairo, in February,2012, more than 70 people died in the Port Said Stadium Riot after a soccer match. Social unrest in early 2013 continued for at least two weeks, while protesting, on March 5,2013, protesters set fire to the governorates headquarters and several people were injured. In October,2016 Egyptians protested the increase in their rent on apartments, one official and several residents were arrested. Port Said Governorate is a transit point for trade, importing and exporting millions of tons of goods each year. Tourism is also promoted for the region, there are several museums in this area. For cultural tourism one may want to visit the Port Said National Museum of Antiquities which opened in 1987 and is located at the confluence of the Suez Canal waters and the Mediterranean Sea. It houses about 9,000 artifacts from all eras, ranging from the Pharaonic, Greek, Roman, the Military Museum of Port Said, established in 1964, commemorates the 1956 the tripartite aggression on the city. It features armory and military artifacts, equipment used in the wars fought between 1956 -1967 and in 1973, al-Nasr Museum of Modern Art in Port Said opened on December 25,1995 and includes artwork by Egyptian artists in various branches of Fine Art. This makes it a favorite with tourists, nearby, is the Suez Canal Authority building built on the banks of Port Said at the start of the project. The lighthouse and jetties at Port Said, located at the terminus of the Suez canal. The lighthouse is a monolith 180 feet high, in the construction 120,000 tons of Teil hydraulic lime were used
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Suez Governorate
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Suez Governorate is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the part of the country and is coterminous with the city of Suez. It is situated north of the Gulf of Suez, according to population estimates from 2015 all 622,859 residents of the governorate live in urban areas. With an urbanization rate of 100% the Suez Governorate is one of the most urbanized in the country, along with Cairo, natural resources in the Suez Governorate include limestone, clay, coal, petroleum, marble, and lime. The chief exports of Suez are papayas, ein El-Sokhna, a well known recreational and medical destination. Moses springs Judaic Hill at El-Khoor In 1975, the Suez Public Free Zone was established and it is divided between two main locations, Port Tewfik and Adabeya. Suez Canal Suez crisis Official website Ministry of Trade and Industry Free Zones site
29.
Ismailia Governorate
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Ismailia Governorate is one of the Canal Zone governorates of Egypt. Located in the part of the country, its capital is the city of Ismailia. It was named after Ismail Pasha, who as Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt and it is located between the other two Canal governorates, Port Said Governorate, in the Northern part of Egypt and Suez Governorate. According to population estimates from 2015 the majority of residents in the live in rural areas. Out of an estimated 1,178,641 people residing in the governorate,643,778 people live in areas as opposed to only 534,863 in urban areas. Instead this festival has been celebrating its annual events in Ismailia Governorate and it is sponsored by the Ministry of Culture, Ismailia Governorate, The National Cinema Center and other sponsors. The Ismailia Governorate is on the banks of the Suez Canal and its Ismailia Canal extends from the Nile River near Cairo, to the Suez Canal at the city of Ismailia, the Ismailia Canal was built to provide fresh water to workers during the building of the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal Authority headquarters is located in Ismailia, from 1967 to 1970, Ismailia became a war zone and was damaged in the conflict with Israel. There are several official fishing landing sites in Ismailia, one is at Lake Timsah and the other at Bitter Lake. After a successful SIP from 1992-1997, the United Nations expanded the project to include the entire Governorate of Ismailia calling it SGIP and its goal is to work with local partners to improve the communities in Ismailia
30.
Kafr El Sheikh Governorate
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Kafr El Sheikh Governorate is one of the governorates of Egypt. It lies in the part of the country, along the western branch of the Nile in the Nile Delta. Its capital is the city of Kafr El Sheikh, according to population estimates from 2015 the majority of residents in the governorate live in rural areas, with an urbanization rate of only 23. 1%. Out of an estimated 3,172,753 people residing in the governorate,2,441,246 people live in areas as opposed to only 731,507 in urban areas. Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, which was part of the Gharbia Governorate, was created in 1949. It was originally named Fuadiyah in honor of King Fuad I of Egypt, after the 1952 Revolution and the subsequent abolition of the monarchy, the governorate took the name of its capital city Kafr El Sheikh. This name, adopted in 1955, means the village of the chief, the area occupied today by the Kafr El Sheikh Governorate has been inhabited since ancient times. The capital of Lower Egypt, called Buto, is located at present-day Tell El Faraain, lake Burullus is located in the north of the Kafr El Sheikh governorate
31.
Gharbia Governorate
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Gharbia Governorate is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the north of the country, south of Kafr El Sheikh Governorate and its capital is Tanta, which is 90 km north of Cairo, and 120 km south east of Alexandria. The largest city in Gharbia is El Mahalla El Kubra, the total area of Gharbia governorate is 25,400 km2, making it the tenth-largest governorate of Egypt. According to population estimates from 2015 the majority of residents in the live in rural areas. Out of an estimated 4,751.865 people residing in the governorate,3,324,630 people live in areas as opposed to only 1,427,235 in urban areas. El Mahalla El Kubra Kafr El Zayat Samanoud Tanta Zifta El Santa Kotoor Basyoun Mohamed Salah Gharbia Governorate Official website
32.
Dakahlia Governorate
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Dakahlia Governorate is an Egyptian governorate lying northeast of Cairo. Its area is approximately 3,500 km² and it has a population of approximately 6,000,000, according to population estimates from 2015, the majority of residents in the governorate live in rural areas, with an urbanization rate of 28. 2%. Out of an estimated 5,949,001 people residing in the governorate,4,271,428 people live in areas as opposed to 1,677,573 in urban areas. The Urology and Nephrology Center of Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine also features a renowned kidney center, under the management of Dr. Mohamed A. Ghoneim
33.
Sharqia Governorate
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Sharqia Governorate is the 3rd most populous of the governorates of Egypt. Located in the part of the country, its capital is the city of Zagazig. According to population estimates from 2015 the majority of residents in the live in rural areas. Out of an estimated 6,485,412 people residing in the governorate,4,987,707 people live in areas as opposed to only 1,497,705 in urban areas. According to the Governing Authority for Investment and Free Zones the governorate is home to five industrial zones, sharqia is divided into 13 administrative divisions and 15 cities,2 districts,105 rural local units, and 3885 minor villages
34.
Monufia Governorate
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Monufia Governorate is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the part of the country in the Nile Delta, to the south of Gharbia governorate. The governorate is named after Menouf, an ancient city which was the capital of the governorate until 1826, the current governor is doctor Ashraf Helal. According to population estimates from 2015 the majority of residents in the live in rural areas. Out of an estimated 3,941,293 people residing in the governorate,3,128,460 people live in areas as opposed to only 812,833 in urban areas. The capital of the Monufia Governorate is the city of Shibin El Kom, the main cities of the governorate are Quesna, Tala, Bagour, Menouf, Ashmoun and Sers El Lyan. It is a mainly an agricultural governorate, other than Shibin El Kom, the governorate had four other administrative divisions which are Quesna, Tala, Menouf and Ashmoun. In 1942, El Shohada became a new division and included parts from Shibin El Kom. In 1947, Bagour was created to encompass regions from Menouf, Ashmoun, Quesna and Shibin El Kom. In 1955, five villages were taken from Tala and redistributed to Tanta. in 1960, Berket El Sabee was established and consisted of towns and villages of Tala, Quesna. In 1975, Sers El Lyan became a city rather than a village after it was separated from Menouf, in 1991, the Sadat City was annexed to Monufia being its only region west of the Rosetta branch. In the final round of the 2012 Egyptian presidential election, Monufia had the highest voter turnout rate of all governorates as well as the most overwhelming support for candidate Ahmed Shafik. The governorate is famous for the production of crops like cotton, maize and wheat as well as crops such as potatoes. Agricultural land is irrigated with water from the Rosetta and Damietta branches of the Nile, agriculture is generally the main activity of the population due to the fertile land in the Nile Delta. Monufia Governorate is particularly known for being the birthplace of two Egyptian presidents, Anwar Sadat, born in Mit Abu El Kom and Hosni Mubarak, born in Kafr El Meselha. In 1981, the Basic Village Service Program, under the auspices of USAID, had water, road. Official Website Arabic Official Website English
35.
Qalyubia Governorate
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Qalyubia Governorate is one of the governorates of Egypt. Located in Lower Egypt, it is situated north of Cairo in the Nile Delta region, banha and several other settlements blend into the neighboring Cairo Governorate, as a result, parts of Qalyubia are generally considered to form part of the Greater Cairo metropolitan area. According to population estimates from 2015 the majority of residents in the live in rural areas. Out of an estimated 5,105,972 people residing in the governorate,2,825,045 people live in areas as opposed to only 2,280,927 in urban areas. The most important of these crops include maize, cotton, wheat, citrus fruits, bananas, oranges, Qalyubia is also the leading Egyptian governorate in the production of poultry and eggs. In 1981, the Basic Village Service Program had several projects going on in the Qalyubia Governorate. In a program began on August 28,2012, the European Union invested 40 million Euros on upgrading the infrastructure of informal areas in Qalyubia Governorate
36.
Damietta Governorate
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Damietta Governorate is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the part of the country, and has a population of over 1 million. Its capital is the city of Damietta, Damietta is famous for its guava farms, as well as the palm trees that cover the coast from Ras El Bar in the east to Gamasa in the west. The governorate exports millions of trees to many countries every year, including Greece. Damietta also produces wheat, maize, cotton, rice, potatoes, lemon and it is also famous for its sweet industry, sardine packing, and Domiati cheese. Ras El Bar, one of the oldest summer resorts in Egypt, is located at the point where The Nile meets the Mediterranean Sea. According to population estimates from 2015 the majority of residents in the live in rural areas. The governorates area is 1.029 km² or about 5% of the Deltas area, the inhabited area is about 589.2 km². Its population – according to a 1999 census – was 953,430, the average rate of population growth is 2. 09% per year. The governorate consists of 4 subdivisions,10 cities,35 local village units,59 villages and 722 sub-villages, the subdivisons are Damietta, Faraskur, El Zarqa and Kafr Saad. The governorate includes 7 colleges and institutes,19 professional training centers, the city of Damietta is famous for its skilled carpenters and furniture. Their products are sold in Egypt, and throughout the Middle East, Europe, 80% of the governorates income is related to furniture
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