Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical an
Calcium crystals stored in mineral oil
One of the 'Ain Ghazal Statues, made from lime plaster
Travertine terraces in Pamukkale, Turkey
Vanadium is a chemical element; it has symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificia
Polycrystalline high-purity (99.95%) vanadium cuboids, ebeam remelted and macro-etched
From left: [V(H2O)6]2+ (lilac), [V(H2O)6]3+ (green), [VO(H2O)5]2+ (blue) and [VO(H2O)5]3+ (yellow)