Calculus (dental)
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In dentistry, dental calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque. It is caused by precipitation of minerals from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in plaque on the teeth. This process of
Dental tartar in an adult male
Heavy staining and calculus deposits exhibited on the lingual surface of the mandibular anterior teeth, along the gumline
Calculus deposit (indicated with a red arrow) on x-ray image
Retentive surface of calculus allows for further plaque accumulation.
Gingival recession
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Gingival recession, also known as gum recession and receding gums, is the exposure in the roots of the teeth caused by a loss of gum tissue or retraction of the gingival margin from the crown of the t
Calculus (dental)
…it is referred to as subgingival ('below the gum'). Calculus formation is associated with a number of clinical manifestations, including bad breath, receding gums and chronically inflamed gingiva. Brushing and flossing can remove plaque from which calculus forms; however, once formed, calculus is too hard (firmly…
Advanced gingival recession. Note particularly severe recession on leftmost incisor.