1.
California State Route 34
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State Route 34 is a short state highway in the U. S. state of California. SR34 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System and it starts on the west at the intersection of Oxnard Boulevard and Fifth Street in Oxnard. It continues east then northeast on Fifth Street until it intersects Pleasant Valley Road in Camarillo and it ends at Route 118 near Somis. This route originally began in Port Hueneme, but in 1965, nevertheless, Route 34 mileposts add on these additional 4 miles along the signed route. The route parallels the Southern Pacific Coast Line, which carries Coast Starlight, Pacific Surfliner and Metrolink Ventura County Line passenger trains, in 1933, a road from Huneme to near Somis, going through Oxnard and Camarillo, was added to the state highway system. This road was numbered as Route 153 in 1935, in the 1964 state highway renumbering, SR34 was defined with this routing, ending at SR118 on the eastern side. In 1965, the highway from Port Huneme to SR1 was removed from the highway system. The part of the highway in Oxnard was authorized by the legislature to be turned over to the city of Oxnard in 2008. Except where prefixed with a letter, postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964, based on the alignment that existed at the time, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage. R reflects a realignment in the route since then, M indicates a second realignment, L refers an overlap due to a correction or change, segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted. The entire route is in Ventura County, California Roads portal California @ AARoads. com - State Route 34 Caltrans, Route 34 highway conditions California Highways, SR342003 Caltrans District 7 Master System Plan Status Map
2.
USS Astoria (CA-34)
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Early in 1943, after Astoria had been sunk, the remaining ships of this class were refit and reclassified. In doing so the ships took on a new appearance, most notably in the bridge, Astoria was laid down on 1 September 1930 at the Puget Sound Navy Yard. Such ships, with a limit of 10,000 tons standard displacement, originally classified a light cruiser, because of her thin armor, she was reclassified, after being laid down, a heavy cruiser, because of her 8-inch guns. The term heavy cruiser was not defined until the London Naval Treaty in 1930, launched on 16 December 1933, sponsored by Miss Leila C. McKay, and commissioned on 28 April 1934, Captain Edmund S, during the summer of 1934, Astoria conducted a lengthy shake-down cruise in the course of which she voyaged extensively in the Pacific. In addition to the Hawaiian Islands, the cruiser also visited Samoa, Fiji, Sydney Australia. She returned to San Francisco on 26 September 1934, between the fall of 1934 and February 1937, she operated as a unit of Cruiser Division 7, Scouting Force, based at San Pedro, California. In February 1937, the warship was reassigned to CruDiv 6, Astoria sailed from Annapolis on 18 March 1939, accompanied by Naokichi Kitazawa, Second Secretary of the Japanese Embassy in Washington. She moored at Honolulu on 4 April, the day that Madame Saito. Two days later, the cruiser proceeded westward across the Pacific. Accompanied by the destroyers Hibiki, Sagiri, Akatsuki, Astoria steamed slowly into Yokohama harbor on 17 April, United States ensign at half-staff, the warship fired a 21-gun salute which was returned by the light cruiser Kiso. American sailors carried the ceremonial urn ashore that afternoon, and funeral ceremonies took place the following morning, after the solemn state funeral, the Japanese showered lavish hospitality on the visiting cruiser and her men. Captain Turner, for his part, pleased Ambassador to Japan Joseph C, in grateful appreciation of American sympathy and courtesy a pagoda was later presented by Hirosi Saitos wife and child. That pagoda is located in front of Luce Hall at the United States Naval Academy, Astoria sailed for Shanghai, China on 26 April, and reached her destination on the morning of the 29th. She remained at Shanghai until 1 May, after receiving Admiral Harry E. Yarnell, Commander in Chief, Asiatic Fleet, on board for a courtesy call that morning, Astoria put to sea for Hong Kong in the afternoon. Following the visit to Hong Kong, Astoria stopped briefly in the Philippines before continuing on to Guam, the cruiser combed more than 162,000 sq mi of the Pacific, without success, before she discontinued the search on 29 May. Assigned to the Hawaiian Detachment in October 1939, Astoria changed home ports from San Pedro to Pearl Harbor, on 2 April 1941, Astoria departed Pearl Harbor for the west coast of the United States. She reached Long Beach, California on 8 April and entered the Mare Island Navy Yard on the 13th
3.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
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Jimmy Gomez
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Jimmy Gomez is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 51st Assembly District, which encompasses northeastern Los Angeles, Gomez is a member of the California Latino Legislative Caucus. Prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was the director for the United Nurses Association of California. On December 5,2016, Gomez announced his candidacy for the election to succeed Xavier Becerra in the United States House of Representatives for Californias 34th congressional district. Gomez has received endorsements from Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, on April 4,2017, Gomez came in first during the special election. Since he did not receive a majority of the votes, he will face Robert Lee Ahn, the runner-up, during the runoff, which will take place June 6,2017
5.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
6.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
7.
White people
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White people is a racial classification specifier, used for people of Europid ancestry, with the exact implications dependent on context. The contemporary usage of people or a white race as a large group of populations contrasting with black, American Indian. It is today used as a racial classifier in multiracial societies, such as North Africa, United States. The term white race or white people entered the major European languages in the later 17th century, in the context of racialized slavery, description of populations as white in reference to their skin color predates this notion and is found in Greco-Roman ethnography and other ancient sources. Scholarship on race generally distinguishes the concept from pre-modern descriptions of collective difference. In the literature of the Ancient Near East and Classical Antiquity and we know that Egyptians were not oblivious to skin color, however, because artists paid attention to it in works of art, to the extent the pigments at the time permitted. Classicist James Dee states the Greeks do not describe themselves as white people—or as anything else because they had no word in their color vocabulary for themselves. Peoples skin color did not carry meaning, what mattered is where they lived. Religious conversion was sometimes described figuratively as a change in skin color, similarly, the Rigveda uses krsna tvac black skin as a metaphor for irreligiosity. The Ancient Egyptian funerary text known as the Book of Gates distinguishes four groups in a procession and these are the Egyptians, the Levantine/Canaanite peoples or Asiatics, the Nubians and the fair-skinned Libyans. The Egyptians are depicted as a reddish brown, the Nubians as black skinned, the Semites from the Levant and Canaan as light skinned. Herodotus described the Scythian Budini as having blue eyes and bright red hair. And the Egyptians – quite like the Colchians – as melánchroes and he also gives the possibly first reference to the common Greek name of the tribes living south of Egypt, otherwise known as Nubians, which was Aithíopes. Later Xenophon described the Aethiopians as black and the Persian troops as white compared to the skin of Greek troops. These color adjectives are found in contrast to the standard set by the own group. According to historian Irene Silverblatt, Race thinking … made social categories into racial truths, Alastair Bonnett argues that white identity, as it is presently conceived, is an American project, reflecting American interpretations of race and history. According to Gregory Jay, a professor of English at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Before the age of exploration, group differences were based on language, religion. … the European had always reacted a bit hysterically to the differences of skin color, in the 16th and 17th centuries, East Asian peoples were almost uniformly described as white, never as yellow
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Black people
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As such, the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies, and depends significantly on context. For many other individuals, communities and countries, black is also perceived as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as black, and these social constructs have also changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, in the United Kingdom, black was historically equivalent with person of color, a general term for non-European peoples. In South Africa and Latin America, mixed-race people are not classified as black. In other regions such as Australasia, settlers applied the term black or it was used by local populations with different histories and ancestral backgrounds. The Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, a state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as Mauri, numerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. In the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail the Bloodthirsty raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard and he claims that black-looking Arabs, much like black-looking Latin Americans, consider themselves white because they have some distant white ancestry. Egyptian President Anwar Sadat had a mother who was a dark-skinned Nubian Sudanese woman, in response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, I am not white but I am not exactly black either. My blackness is tending to reddish, due to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males, the men interpreted the Quran to permit sexual relations between a male master and his female slave outside of marriage, leading to many mixed-race children. When an enslaved woman became pregnant with her Arab masters child, she was considered as umm walad or mother of a child, the child was given rights of inheritance to the fathers property, so mixed-race children could share in any wealth of the father. Because the society was patrilineal, the children took their fathers social status at birth and were born free, some succeeded their fathers as rulers, such as Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, who ruled Morocco from 1578 to 1608. He was not technically considered as a child of a slave, his mother was Fulani. Such tolerance for black persons, even when technically free, was not so common in Morocco, the long association of sub-Saharan peoples as slaves is shown in the term abd, it is still frequently used in the Arabic-speaking world as a term for black people. In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely referred to as practicing apartheid against Sudans non-Arab citizens. The government was accused of deftly manipulat Arab solidarity to carry out policies of apartheid, American University economist George Ayittey accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing acts of racism against black citizens. The Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks – Arab apartheid, many African commentators joined Ayittey in accusing Sudan of practising Arab apartheid
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Asian Americans
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Asian Americans are Americans of Asian descent. The term refers to a group that includes diverse populations who have ancestral origins in East Asia, Southeast Asia, or South Asia. This includes people who indicate their race on the census as Asian or reported entries such as Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Other Asian. Asian Americans with no other ancestry comprise 4. 8% of the U. S. population, although migrants from Asia have been in parts of the contemporary United States since the 17th century, large-scale immigration did not begin until the mid-18th century. Nativist immigration laws during the 1880s-1920s excluded various Asian groups, eventually prohibiting almost all Asian immigration to the continental United States, after immigration laws were reformed during the 1940s-60s, abolishing national origins quotas, Asian immigration increased rapidly. Analyses of the 2010 census have shown that Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial or ethnic minority in the United States, starting in the first few years of the 2000 decade, Asian American earnings began exceeding all other racial groups for both men and women. For example, in 2008 Asian Americans had the highest median household income overall of any racial demographic, in 2012, Asian Americans had the highest educational attainment level and median household income of any racial demographic in the country. In 2015, Asian American men were the highest earning racial group as they earned 117% as much as white American men, once country of birth and other demographic factors are taken into account, Asian Americans are no more likely than non-Hispanic whites to live in poverty. As with other racial and ethnicity based terms, formal and common usage have changed markedly through the history of this term. Prior to the late 1960s, people of Asian ancestry were referred to as Oriental, Asiatic. Today, Asian American is the term for most formal purposes, such as government and academic research. The most commonly used definition of Asian American is the US Census Bureau definition, which all people with origins in the Far East, Southeast Asia. This is chiefly because the census definitions determine many government classifications, notably for equal opportunity programs, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, Asian person in the United States is sometimes thought of as a person of East Asian descent. In vernacular usage, Asian is often used to refer to those of East Asian descent or anyone else of Asian descent with epicanthic eyefolds. This differs from the U. S. Census definition and the Asian American Studies departments in many universities consider all those of East, before 1980, Census forms listed particular Asian ancestries as separate groups, along with white and black or negro. Asian Americans had also been classified as other, in 1977, the federal Office of Management and Budget issued a directive requiring government agencies to maintain statistics on racial groups, including on Asian or Pacific Islander. The 1980 census marked the first classification of Asians as a large group, by the 1990 census, Asian or Pacific Islander was included as an explicit category, although respondents had to select one particular ancestry as a subcategory. The 2000 census onwards separated the category into two separate ones, Asian American and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, the definition of Asian American has variations that derive from the use of the word American in different contexts
10.
Hispanic
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The term Hispanic broadly refers to the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain. It commonly applies to countries once colonized by the Spanish Empire in the Americas and Asia, particularly the countries of Latin America and the Philippines. It could be argued that the term should apply to all Spanish-speaking cultures or countries and it is difficult to label a nation or culture with one term, such as Hispanic, as the ethnicities, customs, traditions, and art forms vary greatly by country and region. The Spanish language and Spanish culture are the main traditions, the term Hispanic derives from Latin Hispanicus, the adjectival derivation of Latin Hispania and Hispanus/Hispanos, ultimately probably of Celtiberian origin. In English the word is attested from the 16th century, the words Spain, Spanish, and Spaniard are of the same etymology as Hispanus, ultimately. Hispanus was the Latin name given to a person from Hispania during Roman rule, in English, the term Hispano-Roman is sometimes used. The Hispano-Romans were composed of people from different indigenous tribes. A number of men, such as Trajan, Hadrian. Hispano-Roman is used to refer to the culture and people of Hispania, Hispanic is used to refer to modern Spain, to the Spanish language, and to the Spanish-speaking nations of the world and particularly the Americas. Spanish is used to refer to the people, nationality, culture, language, Spaniard is used to refer to the people of Spain. Hispania was the Roman name for the territory of the Iberian Peninsula. Initially, this territory was divided into two provinces, Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior, in 27 B. C, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Hispania Baetica and Hispania Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Tarraconensis. This division of Hispania explains the usage of the singular and plural forms used to refer to the peninsula and this revival of the old Roman concept in the Middle Ages appears to have originated in Provençal, and was first documented at the end of the 11th century. In the Council of Constance, the four kingdoms shared one vote, the word Lusitanian, relates to Lusitania or Portugal, also in reference to the Lusitanians, possibly one of the first Indo-European tribes to settle in Europe. From this tribes name had derived the name of the Roman province of Lusitania, the terms Spain and the Spains were not interchangeable. Spain was a territory, home to several kingdoms, with separate governments, laws, languages, religions, and customs. Spain was not an entity until much later, and when referring to the Middle Ages. The term The Spains referred specifically to a collective of juridico-political units, first the Christian kingdoms, although colloquially and literally the expression King of Spain or King of the Spains was already widespread, it did not refer to a unified nation-state
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Cook Partisan Voting Index
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The Cook Political Report introduced the PVI in August 1997 to better gauge the competitiveness of each district using the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections as a baseline. The index is based on analysis by the Center for Voting, the national average for 2004 and 2008 was 51. 2% Democratic to 48. 8% Republican. For example, in Alaskas at-large congressional district, the Republican candidate won 63% and 61% of the two-party share in the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections, respectively. Comparing the average of two results against the average national share, this district has voted 13 percentage points more Republican than the country as a whole. Prior to its April 2009 update, the PVI formula was calculated by comparing district-level results for the past two elections to nationwide results for the most recent election. David Nir of the Swing State Project advocated a change to the new formula, the most Democratic congressional district in the country is New Yorks 15th, located in the Bronx, with a PVI of D+43. The most Republican district is Texass 13th at R+32, as for states as a whole, Wyoming and Utah are the most Republican at R+22, and Hawaii is the most Democratic at D+20. The most Democratic congressional districts to be represented by a Republican are Iowas 1st, Iowas 1st is represented by Rod Blum and New Yorks 24th is represented by John Katko. The most Republican congressional district to be represented by a Democrat is Minnesotas 7th, in total there are nine Democratic-leaning House districts represented by Republicans following the 2014 elections and eight Republican-leaning House districts represented by Democrats. This represents a total of 17 out of 435 Representatives from districts with a PVI opposite to their own party, in the Senate, the most Republican-leaning state to have a Democratic senator is West Virginia, with Democrat Joe Manchin. The most Democratic-leaning state to have a Republican senator is Maine with Republican Susan Collins, the most Democratic-leaning state to have two Republican senators is Iowa, represented by Chuck Grassley and Joni Ernst. Four Republican-leaning states have governors from the Democratic Party while twelve Democratic-leaning states have governors from the Republican Party, all Republican-leaning states have a majority Republican house delegation, as well as six Democratic-leaning states and neutral Virginia. Note that the seven states with one representative must be among these. Psephology, the analysis of elections. Political party strength in U. S. states The Cook Political Report
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Congressional district
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A congressional district is an electoral constituency that elects a single member of a congress. Countries with congressional districts include the United States, the Philippines, a congressional district is based on population, which, in the United States, is taken using a census every ten years. There are 435 congressional districts in the United States House of Representatives, in addition to the 435 congressional districts, the five inhabited U. S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D. C. each send a non-voting delegate to the House of Representatives. The Census Bureau within the United States Department of Commerce conducts a decennial census whose figures are used to determine the number of districts within each state. The 2012 elections were the first to be based on the districts which were defined based on the 2010 Census data. List of electoral districts by nation House of Representatives House of Representatives of the Philippines United States House of Representatives
13.
Los Angeles County, California
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Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles, is the most populous county in both the United States and the state of California, the countrys most populous state. Its population is larger than that of 42 individual U. S. states and it has 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas and at 4,083 square miles, it is larger than the combined areas of the U. S. states of Delaware and Rhode Island. The county is home to more than one-quarter of California residents and is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the U. S and its county seat, the City of Los Angeles, is also its most populous city at about four million. Los Angeles County is one of the counties of California. The county originally included parts of what are now Kern, San Bernardino, Riverside, as the population increased, sections were split off to organize San Bernardino County in 1853, Kern County in 1866, and Orange County in 1889. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 4,751 square miles, Los Angeles County borders 70 miles of coast on the Pacific Ocean and encompasses mountain ranges, valleys, forests, islands, lakes, rivers, and desert. The western extent of the Mojave Desert begins in the Antelope Valley, most of the population of Los Angeles County is located in the south and southwest, with major population centers in the Los Angeles Basin, San Fernando Valley and San Gabriel Valley. Other population centers are found in the Santa Clarita Valley, Pomona Valley, Crescenta Valley, the county is divided west-to-east by the San Gabriel Mountains, which are part of the Transverse Ranges of southern California, and are contained mostly within the Angeles National Forest. Los Angeles County includes San Clemente Island and Santa Catalina Island, non-Hispanic whites numbered 2,728,321, or 28% of the population. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race numbered 4,687,889, 36% of Los Angeles Countys population was of Mexican ancestry,3. 7% Salvadoran, and 2. 2% Guatemalan heritage. The largest Asian groups of the 1,346,865 Asians in Los Angeles County are 4. 0% Chinese,3. 3% Filipino,2. 2% Korean,1. 0% Japanese,0. 9% Vietnamese,0. 8% Indian, and 0. 3% Cambodian. The racial makeup of the county is 48. 7% White,11. 0% African American,0. 8% Native American,10. 0% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,23. 5% from other races, and 4. 9% from two or more races. 44. 6% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race, the largest European-American ancestry groups are German, Irish, English and Italian. 45. 9% of the population reported speaking only English at home,37. 9% spoke Spanish,2. 22% Tagalog,2. 0% Chinese,1. 9% Korean,1. 87% Armenian,0. 5% Arabic, and 0. 2% Hindi. At the census of 2000, there were 9,519,338 people,3,133,774 households, the population density was 2,344 people per square mile. There were 3,270,909 housing units at a density of 806 per square mile. 25% of all households were made up of individuals and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.61. In the county, the population was out with 28% under the age of 18, 10% from 18 to 24, 33% from 25 to 44, 19% from 45 to 64
14.
U.S. state
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A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
15.
Xavier Becerra
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Xavier Becerra is an American politician serving as the current Attorney General of California. Becerra, a member of the Democratic Party, was Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus, born in Sacramento, California, Becerra is a graduate of Stanford University, receiving his J. D. from Stanford Law School. He worked as a Lawyer at the Legal Assistance Corporation of Central Massachusetts and he served as a Deputy Attorney General in the California Department of Justice from 1987 to 1990 before he was elected to the California State Assembly, where he served one term from 1990 to 1992. Born in Sacramento, California, Becerra is the son of immigrants from Jalisco, Mexico. As a young child Becerra grew up in a house with his three sisters. He graduated in 1976 from C. K, mcClatchy High School, located in central city Sacramento. He received his Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 1984 and was admitted to the State Bar of California in 1985 and he was initially a lawyer, working on cases involving individuals who had mental disorders for the Legal Assistance Corporation of Central Massachusetts. Becerra worked as an Administrative Assistant for California State Senator Art Torres in 1986 and he served a Deputy Attorney-General in the California Department of Justice under Attorney General John Van de Kamp from 1987 to 1990. He later went on to beat Republican Lee Lieberg and Libertarian Steven Pencall, Becerra served one term in the State Assembly, representing Californias 59th district, from 1990 to 1992. In 1992, 25th District Congressman Edward Roybal announced his retirement after 30 years in Congress, Becerra entered the race for the seat, which had been renumbered as the 30th District after redistricting. He won the Democratic primary with a plurality of 32% of the vote, in the general election, he defeated Republican nominee Morry Waksberg 58%–24%. In 1994, he won re-election to a term with 66%. After, he never won re-election with less than 72% and his district was renumbered as the 31st District after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerras old district became the 34th District, Becerra announced he would run there, it includes his home. He defeated Republican Stephen Smith 85. 6% to 14. 4%, Becerra was a prominent member of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus, of which he served as chairman during the 105th Congress. He was featured on The Colbert Reports Better Know a District on August 17,2006, on September 29,2008 Becerra voted against the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 because he wanted to see direct protections for responsible homeowners in the bill. Instead, Becerra was appointed assistant to the Speaker of the House for the 110th Congress, before the opening of the 111th Congress, Emanuel accepted a position as White House Chief of Staff in the Obama Administration. Larson succeeded Emanuel as caucus chair, and Becerra won his bid to succeed Larson as Vice-Chair and he defeated Marcy Kaptur of Ohio by a vote of 175–67
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Attorney General of California
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The Attorney General of California is the State Attorney General of California. The Department employs over 1,100 attorneys and 3,700 non-attorney employees, the Attorney General is elected to a four-year term, with a maximum of two terms. The election is held at the statewide election as the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Controller, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction. Heads the Department of Justice, which is responsible for providing legal services. Acts as the counsel in state litigation. Oversees law enforcement agencies, including District Attorneys and Sheriffs, previously, the attorney general lacked jurisdiction over matters in the jurisdiction of locally-elected district attorneys and sheriffs. Warren went on to become Attorney General himself in 1938 where he reorganized states law enforcement into districts, for a comprehensive list, see List of Attorneys General of California. Representative George Deukmejian – Governor of California Jerry Brown – California Secretary of State, Governor of California Mayor, Oakland California Kamala Harris – U. S
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Northeast Los Angeles
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The area is home to Occidental College located in Eagle Rock. One of the first annexations of the city was Highland Park in 1895, Other nearby communities attached to Los Angeles were Garvanza, Arroyo Seco and Eagle Rock. Development in the Northeast was fostered by service of the Los Angeles Railway Yellow Cars, the densest neighborhood was Highland Park, and the least dense was Mount Washington. About 54% of the population lived in rental units, while 46% lived in owner-occupied housing. Highland Park was the neighborhood with the highest rental occupancy, the latter district also had the oldest population, and Cypress Park had the youngest. Eagle Rock also was the wealthiest neighborhood and Cypress Park the poorest, Eagle Rock was the neighborhood with the largest percentage of residents holding a four-year academic degree and Cypress Park had the lowest percentage. The ethnic breakdown in 2000 was Latino,62. 5%, white,16. 6%, Asian,16. 0%, black,2. 0%, Eagle Rock was the most ethnically diverse neighborhood and Cypress Park the least. The area is well-served by freeways and public transportation, californias first freeway, the 1940 Arroyo Seco Parkway connects the area with Downtown and Pasadena. The Interstate 5 and Interstate 10-San Bernardino Freeway lie directly to the south of the district, the Metro Gold Line light-rails four stations connects Northeast Los Angeles with Downtown and Pasadena. Arroyo Seco River California Cycleway List of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments on the East and Northeast Sides People John C, holland, Los Angeles City Council member, 1943–67, businessman in Northeast Los Angeles Skrillex, electronic music/songwriter, 1988–present Other regions of Los Angeles County Boulevard Sentinel
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Boyle Heights, Los Angeles
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Boyle Heights is a working-class, predominantly Mexican American, youthful neighborhood of almost 100,000 residents east of Downtown Los Angeles in the City of Los Angeles, California. The district has more than twenty schools, and ten private schools. Boyle Heights was called Paredon Blanco when California was part of Mexico, the median household income was $33,235, low in comparison to the rest of the city. The neighborhoods population was one of the youngest in the city. As of 2011, 95% of the community was Hispanic and Latino, the community had Mexican Americans, Mexican immigrants, and Central American ethnic residents. Hector Tobar of the Los Angeles Times said, The diversity that exists in Boyle Heights today is exclusively Latino, the United States Postal Services Boyle Heights Post Office is located at 2016 East 1st Street. The Social Security Administration is located at 215 North Soto Street Los Angeles, the emergence of Latino politics in Boyle Heights influenced the diversity in the community. The rise of the socialist and communist parties increased the involvement in politics in the community because the “liberal-left exercised great influence in the immigrant community”. Even with a diversity in Boyle Heights, “Jews remained culturally and politically dominant after World War II”. The combination of Jewish people and Latinos in Boyle Heights symbolized a tight unity between the two communities, the two races helped each other in order to elect Roybal into city council against his opponent Councilman Christensen, with the help from the Community Service Organization. When Edward Roybal had just started as the city of Los Angeles’ new city councilman in 1949, the Community Service Organization helped Roybal win the election and to increase the multi-racial involvement in Boyle Heights. Therefore, Roybal’s involvement in City Council affected how Latino politics went further on during Bradley’s term and this center will be forever known as the building place where coalition politics took place in Boyle Heights, along with the Catholic Dolores Mission center. Just 5% of Boyle Heights residents aged 25 and older had earned a degree by 2000, a low percentage for the city. The percentage of residents in that age range who had not earned a school diploma was high for the county. The schools within Boyle Heights are as follows, Boyle Heights relation to other places, not necessarily contiguous, Breed Street Shul, self-Help Graphics and Art, the first community-based organization in the country to create a free public celebration of Day of the Dead. Malabar Public Library Lucha Underground Temple, where the television program Lucha Underground is taped
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Chinatown, Los Angeles
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Chinatown is a neighborhood in Downtown Los Angeles, California that became a commercial center for Chinese and other Asian businesses in Central Los Angeles in 1938. The area includes restaurants, shops and art galleries but also has a neighborhood with a low-income. The original Chinatown developed in the late 19th century, but it was demolished to make room for Union Station, a separate commercial center, known as New Chinatown, opened for business in 1938. There are two schools and a library in Chinatown, as well as a city park, a state park. Many motion pictures have filmed in the area. Many of them settled in Los Angeles, in 1871, nineteen Chinese men and boys were killed by a mob of about five hundred white men in one of the most serious incidents of racial violence that has ever occurred in Americas West. This incident became known as Massacre of 1871, the first Chinatown, centered on Alameda and Macy Streets, was established in 1880. Reaching its heyday from 1890 to 1910, Chinatown grew to approximately fifteen streets and it boasted a Chinese Opera theater, three temples, a newspaper and a telephone exchange. But laws prohibiting most Chinese from citizenship and property ownership, as well as legislation curtailing immigration, from the early 1910s Chinatown began to decline. Symptoms of a corrupt Los Angeles discolored the publics view of Chinatown, gambling houses, opium dens, as tenants and lessees rather than outright owners, the residents of Old Chinatown were threatened with impending redevelopment, and as a result the owners neglected upkeep of their buildings. Eventually, the area was sold and then resold, as entrepreneurs and developers fought the area. After thirty years of decay, a Supreme Court ruling approved condemnation of the area to allow for construction of a rail terminal. Residents were evicted to make room for Union Station, causing the formation of the New Chinatown, seven years passed before an acceptable relocation proposal was put into place, situating a new Chinatown in its present location. Old Chinatown was gradually demolished, leaving many businesses without a place to do business, nonetheless, a remnant of Old Chinatown persisted into the early 1950s, situated between Union Station and the Old Plaza. The Chinese American Museum is now situated in Garnier Building, costumed workers greeted tourists, and a Chinese opera troupe performed live shows in front of the shops. Some replica buildings in China City came from the set of the 1937 Hollywood blockbuster, China City received mixed support from Chinese American residents and businessmen. Many welcomed the opportunity the project provided. Others preferred the New Chinatown project, considered less distorted by the lens of Hollywood
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City Terrace, California
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City Terrace is an unincorporated community in the San Rafael Hills of Los Angeles County, California. The community is considered part of the East Los Angeles region and it contains City Terrace Elementary School and City Terrace Park. The U. S. census numbers are included with the community of East Los Angeles. City Terrace is located atop the southeastern San Rafael Hills, the districts steep, winding streets are lined with generally well-preserved Spanish Colonial Revival style houses. Light rail service to East L. A. is provided by Metro Gold Lines Eastside Extension, Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority provides bus service from East L. A. to throughout the L. A. area. In addition, local service is provided by theEl Sol. City Terrace is home to N Herbert Circle, one of the worlds only counter clockwise traffic roundabouts. City Terrace is bounded by the city limits of Los Angeles on the north and west, Floral Drive on the south, major thoroughfares include City Terrace Drive, Eastern and Medford Avenues, and Herbert Street. The community is part of ZIP code 90063 and area code 323, City Terrace is a neighborhood saturated with art. The Goez Art Studio was co-founded by David Rivas Botello, Jose-Luis Gonzalez, the incredible ceramic mural at the City Terrace Branch Library, Ofrenda Maya 1, was created by Goez Studios Jose Luis Gonzalez. City Terrace Park was developed in 1933 by Works Progress Administration crews, it occupied a piece of 3.5 acres terrace that was formed after crews hacked a rugged and barren hill. In 1957600,000 cubic yards pf soil that had removed from the construction of the Los Angeles Civic Center was transported to the City Terrace County Park. The soil filled a ravine, tripling the original acreage. It has swimming, basketball & tennis, plus a playground, a splash pad, picnic areas. The County of Los Angeles Public Library operates the City Terrace Library, the library has been in its current location since 1979 and was refurbished in 2009. The library offers homework help for children and teens, internet resources such as audio books. The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Central Health Center in Downtown Los Angeles, City Terrace is in the, • 34th US congressional district, represented by Rep. The district operates City Terrace Elementary School, manuel and Abrana Arechiga — from Chavez Ravine Anthony Quinn Antonio Villaraigosa Gumercindo Gutierrez Map of City Terrace @ Google Maps
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Cypress Park, Los Angeles
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Cypress Park is a densely populated,82. 1% Latino neighborhood of 10, 000+ residents in Northeast Los Angeles, California. It is the site of the Rio de Los Angeles State Park and it hosts one private and four public schools. The area was settled as a Spanish rancho which, after the Mexican-American War, after his death, Cypress Park was subdivided and established as a community in 1882. There are four Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments, the 2000 U. S. census counted 9,764 residents in the 0, 72-square-mile Cypress Park neighborhood—or 13,478 people per square mile, among the highest population densities for the city and the county. In 2008, the city estimated that the population had increased to 10,854, in 2000 the median age for residents was 27, considered young for city and county neighborhoods. The neighborhood was not especially diverse ethnically within Los Angeles, with the number of Latino people considered to be compared to the city at large—82. 1% of the population. Following were Asians,11. 1%, whites,4. 9%, blacks,0. 6%, and others,1. 3%. Mexico and China were the most common places of birth for the 52. 5% of the residents who were born abroad—which was a high percentage compared to Los Angeles as a whole. The median yearly income in 2008 dollars was $42,615. Renters occupied 58. 3% of the stock, and house- or apartment-owners held 41. 7%. The average household size of 3.7 people was high for Los Angeles, the percentage of never-married females was among the countys highest. The neighborhood is situated at the confluence of the Los Angeles River and Arroyo Seco and it lies within a historic alluvial floodplain shared with the Elysian Valley neighborhood, which is bounded by Elysian Park and Mt. Washington. Nearby places, not necessarily contiguous, include, The land on which Cypress Park currently occupies was first settled by the Tongva tribe of the Shoshone Native Americans. When Gaspar de Portolà and his expedition first encountered the Los Angeles River in August 1769, the Pueblo de Los Angeles was later founded adjacent to this location. The area was granted as Rancho San Rafael to Jose Maria Verdugo in October 1784. In 1859, Julio Verdugo sold the southern tip of the rancho to Jessie D. Hunter, Hunter had previously acquired the Rancho Cañada de Los Nogales, which contains most of present-day Glassell Park. Hunter had established the first kiln-fired brickyard in Los Angeles, but sold it and it is also served by Metro Local bus lines 28,81,83,90,91,94,251,252,751, and 794. The neighborhoods main thoroughfares are Cypress Ave, San Fernando Rd. and North Figueroa St. and is served by the Golden State Freeway and Arroyo Seco Parkway, also known as the Pasadena Freeway
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Downtown Los Angeles
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Downtown Los Angeles is the central business district of Los Angeles, California, as well as a diverse residential neighborhood of some 58,000 people. A2013 study found that the district is home to over 500,000 jobs, Downtown Los Angeles is known for its government buildings, parks, theaters and other public places. The earliest known settlements in the area of what is now Downtown Los Angeles was by the Tongva, on September 4,1781, the city was founded by a group of settlers who trekked north from present-day Mexico. Land speculation increased in the 1880s, which saw the population of the city explode from 11,000 in 1880 to nearly 100,000 by 1896. Infrastructure enhancements and the laying of a street grid eventually brought development south of the settlement into what is today the Civic Center. By 1920, the private and municipal rail lines were the most far-flung and most comprehensive in the world in mileage. By this time, an influx of residents and aggressive land developers had transformed the city into a large metropolitan area. Rail lines connected four counties with over 1,100 miles of track, during the early part of the 20th century, banking institutions clustered around South Spring Street, forming the Spring Street Financial District. The Los Angeles Stock Exchange was also located on the corridor from 1929 until 1986 before moving into a new building across the Harbor Freeway, Broadway became the nightlife, shopping and entertainment district of the city, with over a dozen theater and movie palaces built before 1932. Numerous specialty stores also flourished including those in the business which gave rise to the Downtown Jewelry District. Among these early jewelers included the Laykin Diamond Company and Harry Winston & Co. both of which found their beginnings in the Alexandria Hotel at 5th and Spring Streets. The Los Angeles Union Passenger Terminal opened in May,1939, unifying passenger service among local, regional. It was built on a scale and would be one of the last of the Great Railway Stations built in the United States. Following World War II, suburbanization, the development of the Los Angeles freeway network, many corporate headquarters slowly dispersed to new suburbs or fell to mergers and acquisitions. The once-wealthy Bunker Hill neighborhood became a haven for low-income renters, the drastic reduction in the number of residents in the area further reduced the viability of streetfront businesses that would be able to attract pedestrians. For most Angelenos, downtown became a destination as they would come into the area for a particular objective. This period saw the clearing and upzoning of the neighborhood as well as the shuttering of the Angels Flight funicular railway in 1969. Angels Flight resumed operation in 1996 for a period of five years, on March 15,2010, the railway once again opened for passenger service following extensive upgrades to brake and safety systems
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Eagle Rock, Los Angeles
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Eagle Rock is a neighborhood of Northeast Los Angeles in the San Rafael Hills, Los Angeles County, California. Eagle Rock is named after a rock outcropping, resembling an eagle with its wings outstretched. The land was part of the Rancho San Rafael under Spanish and it was divided into parcels in 1870. It became a city in 1911 and joined Los Angeles in 1923, today it is an ethnically diverse, relatively high-income neighborhood known for being the home of Occidental College and for a counterculture element among its 34, 000+ people. Eagle Rock maintains a number of significant buildings and has a connection with the motion picture industry. There are nine public schools—including two high schools—and six private schools, as well as a public library. A massive boulder at the northern edge contains an indentation which casts a bird-shaped shadow on the rock at certain times of day. These aboriginal inhabitants were displaced by Spanish settlers in the late 18th century, following court battles, the area known as Rancho San Rafael was divided into 31 parcels in 1870. Benjamin Dreyfus was awarded what is now called Eagle Rock, in the 1880s Eagle Rock existed as a farming community. The arrival of American settlers and the growth of Los Angeles resulted in steadily increasing semi-rural development in the region throughout the late 19th century, Eagle Rock was incorporated as an independent city in 1911. Several of the major crime sprees that have become part of Los Angeles late 20th century history have left their mark on the neighborhood, an early victim of the Hillside Strangler was discovered in an Eagle Rock neighborhood on October 31,1977. For women living alone, ours is an actual visceral fear that starts at the feet, then it hits the knees — and finally it grips the mind. Two men, Kenneth Bianchi and Angelo Buono, were convicted of the murders. This was the seventh in a string of murders and sexual assaults committed by Ramirez in Los Angeles. In 2002, an effort to designate an area of the community as Philippine Village, the neighborhood is inhabited by a wide variety of ethnic and socioeconomic groups and the creative class. A core of counter-culture writers, artists and filmmakers has existed in Eagle Rock since the 1920s, in 2008, the city estimated that the population had increased to 34,466. In 2000 the median age for residents was 35, about average for city and county neighborhoods, the neighborhood was considered highly diverse ethnically within Los Angeles, with a relatively high percentage of Asian people. The breakdown was Latinos,40. 3%, whites,29. 8%, Asians,23. 9%, blacks,1. 8%, and others,4. 1%
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El Sereno, Los Angeles
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El Sereno is a Los Angeles City neighborhood in the Eastside Los Angeles region of the County of Los Angeles, California. El Sereno is primarily a Latino neighborhood with about 81. 2% of residents identifying as Latino and it is one of the least racially diverse neighborhoods in Los Angeles. Mexican and Chinese are the most common ancestries, the median age was 28, resulting in a youthful population, compared with the city and county in general. The percentage or residents aged 10 or younger was among the countys highest, the average household size of 3.5 people was high for both the city and the county. The median household income for the neighborhood was $45,866 in 2008 dollars, a trail connected Otsungna to the village of Yangna on the Los Angeles River, then on to the village of Sibagna, near the eventual site of the Mission San Gabriel. The route later became Mission Road, the El Sereno area was first visited by Europeans in 1769, when the Spanish overland Portola Expedition passed just south of present-day El Sereno. In 1771, Mission San Gabriel Arcángel was founded, including the area that became El Sereno area of its lands was used for grazing. In 1784, three years after the pueblo was founded, Spanish Governor Pedro Fages granted all the lands between the Los Angeles River and the Arroyo Seco to Jose Maria Verdugo, the Rancho San Rafael as it was known, covered approximately 36,000 acres. The El Sereno area was not included in either the pueblo or Rancho San Rafael, El Sereno was later part of the Mexican Rancho Rosa Castilla land grant. Around 1810, a New Spain governments adobe toll house was next to the road from the Mission to the Pueblo, near present-day Warwick Avenue and Martin Street. After Mexican independence from Spain, the Rancho Rosa de Castilla – named after a stream ran through the area – was granted to Juan Ballesteros in 1831. This stream was called the Arroyo Rosa de Castilla because of the roses growing on its banks and it included what is now El Sereno. Lincoln Heights and City Terrace, as well as parts of South Pasadena, Alhambra, after the secularization of the missions in 1833, the ranch passed to Francisco Lopez. Rancho Rosa de Castilla was acquired around 1850 by Anaclet Lestrade, in 1852, Jean-Baptiste Batz and his wife, Catalina Hegui Batz, acquired the adobe ranch house from Lestrade. Batz engaged in farming and sheep ranching until his death on December 6,1859, under the Homestead Act, his widow received title to the 160 acres upon which the adobe stood in 1876. She purchased land from surrounding owners, and the ranch grew to 3,283 acres. It included the communities of Ramona Acres, Sierra Vista, Sierra Park, West Alhambra. After Catalina died on February 22,1882, the portion of the estate was then divided between six of her eight children
Richard T. Hanna
Mark W. Hannaford
Dan Lungren
Esteban Torres
Grace Napolitano
Lucille Roybal-Allard
Xavier Becerra
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Jimmy Gomez
