California Air Resources Board
The California Air Resources Board is an agency of the government of California that aims to reduce air pollution. Established in 1967 when then-governor Ronald Reagan signed the Mulford-Carrell Act, combining the Bureau of Air Sanitation and the Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Board, CARB is a department within the cabinet-level California Environmental Protection Agency.
California Air Resources Board Laboratory, Los Angeles, in 1973
Researchers at the Statewide Air Pollution Research Center manufacture smog using a photochemical tube reactor (May 1972).
Sunlight filtered through smog near Blythe, May 1972
GM EV1
United States vehicle emission standards
United States vehicle emission standards are set through a combination of legislative mandates enacted by Congress through Clean Air Act (CAA) amendments from 1970 onwards, and executive regulations managed nationally by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and more recently along with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). These standard cover common motor vehicle air pollution, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate emissions, and newer versions have incorporated fuel economy standards.
Smog in the Los Angeles valley in 1972
All electric/battery cars, like those of Tesla, are considered zero-emissions vehicles (ZEV) under California's ZEV mandate.
Non-road engines include railway locomotives like this EMD GP38 modified to meet Tier 4 standards.
A representative dynamometer-based emissions test station
