1.
San Francisco, California
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
San Francisco, California
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San Francisco and the
Golden Gate Bridge from
Marin Headlands
San Francisco, California
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Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores)
San Francisco, California
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1853
United States Coast Survey Map
San Francisco, California
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Francis Samuel Marryat, Hilltop of San Francisco, California, Looking toward the Bay, 1849. M.& N. Hanhart Chromolithograph
2.
Oakland, California
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Oakland /ˈoʊklənd/ is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. The city was incorporated in 1852, Oaklands territory covers what was once a mosaic of California coastal terrace prairie, oak woodland, and north coastal scrub. Its land served as a resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco. In the late 1860s, Oakland was selected as the terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland, enlarging the citys population, increasing its housing stock and it continued to grow in the 20th century with its busy port, shipyards, and a thriving automobile manufacturing industry. Oakland is known for its sustainability practices, including a top-ranking for usage of electricity from renewable resources, in addition, due to a steady influx of immigrants during the 20th century, along with thousands of African-American war-industry workers who relocated from the Deep South during the 1940s. Oakland is the most ethnically diverse city in the country. The earliest known inhabitants were the Huchiun Indians, who lived there for thousands of years, the Huchiun belonged to a linguistic grouping later called the Ohlone. In Oakland, they were concentrated around Lake Merritt and Temescal Creek, in 1772, the area that later became Oakland was claimed, with the rest of California, by Spanish settlers for the King of Spain. In the early 19th century, the Spanish crown granted the East Bay area to Luis María Peralta for his Rancho San Antonio, the grant was confirmed by the successor Mexican republic upon its independence from Spain. Upon his death in 1842, Peralta divided his land among his four sons, Most of Oakland fell within the shares given to Antonio Maria and Vicente. The portion of the parcel that is now Oakland was called encinal—Spanish for oak grove—due to the oak forest that covered the area. In 1851, three men—Horace Carpentier, Edson Adams, and Andrew Moon—began developing what is now downtown Oakland, on May 4,1852, the Town of Oakland incorporated. Two years later, on March 25,1854, Oakland re-incorporated as the City of Oakland, with Horace Carpentier elected the first mayor, the city and its environs quickly grew with the railroads, becoming a major rail terminal in the late 1860s and 1870s. In 1868, the Central Pacific constructed the Oakland Long Wharf at Oakland Point, a number of horsecar and cable car lines were constructed in Oakland during the latter half of the 19th century. The first electric streetcar set out from Oakland to Berkeley in 1891, at the time of incorporation, Oakland consisted of the territory that lay south of todays major intersection of San Pablo Avenue, Broadway, and Fourteenth Street. The city gradually annexed farmlands and settlements to the east and the north, Oaklands rise to industrial prominence, and its subsequent need for a seaport, led to the digging of a shipping and tidal channel in 1902. This resulted in the town of Alameda being made an island
Oakland, California
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Oakland skyline, with the old eastern span of the
San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge in background
Oakland, California
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1857 Map of Oakland
Oakland, California
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One day's output of 1917
Chevrolet automobiles at their major
West Coast plant, now the location of
Eastmont Town Center
Oakland, California
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In 1924, the
Tribune Tower was completed; in 1976, it was restored and declared an Oakland landmark.
3.
United States of America
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States of America
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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States of America
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Flag
United States of America
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The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States of America
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The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
4.
Frederick Meyer
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Frederick Heinrich Wilhelm Meyer was a nationally recognized designer and art educator prominent in the Arts and Crafts Movement. He was a resident of the San Francisco Bay Area. Meyer was born near Hamelin, Germany, on November 6,1872 into a family whose occupations were dominated by furniture craftsmen and he apprenticed as a cabinetmaker before he immigrated in 1888 to Fresno, California, where he worked in a large commercial nursery. About 1890 he enrolled at the Cincinnati Technical School and two years transferred to the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art. On November 7,1893 he became a citizen of the United States of America. Between 1898 and 1902 Meyer held the post of Supervisor of Art for the schools in Stockton. In 1900 he hired as assistant art supervisor William S. Rice, in Stockton Meyer met and married in June 1902 the Boston-born Laetitia Summerville. The couple relocated that fall to Berkeley, California, where he was hired as an “Instructor of Descriptive Geometry” at the University of California. A year later was appointed Professor of Applied Arts and head of the Department of Industrial Design at San Francisco’s Mark Hopkins Institute of Art, Berkeley, and Sequoia Club in San Francisco. In October 1905 he was elected president of the California Guild of Arts and Crafts and his wife became its treasurer, after the devastating San Francisco earthquake and fine in April 1906, which destroyed the Mark Hopkins Institute, he briefly traveled to Europe. Meyer expressed his dream of a school that would fuse the practical and ideal goals of craftsmen, designers, Meyer founded the School of the California Guild of Arts and Crafts in June 1907 with its first location in the Studio Building, one block from the U. C. He had just $45.00 in cash, access to three classrooms and 43 students, the following year his school was renamed the California School of Arts and Crafts and briefly relocated to the space over a billiard parlor. The school was renamed the California College of Arts and Crafts in 1936, the school’s name was changed for a fourth time in 2003 to the California College of the Arts. Meyer became a popular figure though his public lectures and sponsorship of exhibitions. In 1940 he described himself in Who’s Who in America as a “Progressive Republican, who specializes in architectural designing, interior decorating and landscape gardening. ”Meyer remained the CCAC’s first president until his retirement in 1944. Frederick Meyer died at the age of 88 on January 6,1961 in Oakland
Frederick Meyer
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Frederick H. Meyer (1872 – 1961)
Frederick Meyer
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A bookcase settle designed by Frederick Meyer, on display at the
DeYoung Museum in San Francisco
5.
Berkeley, California
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Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California. It is named after the 18th-century Anglo-Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley and it borders the cities of Oakland and Emeryville to the south and the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington to the north. Its eastern border with Contra Costa County generally follows the ridge of the Berkeley Hills, the 2010 census recorded a population of 112,580. It also has the Graduate Theological Union, one of the largest religious studies institutions in the world and it is one of the most politically liberal cities in the United States. The site of todays City of Berkeley was the territory of the Chochenyo/Huchiun band of the Ohlone people when the first Europeans arrived, other artifacts were discovered in the 1950s in the downtown area during remodeling of a commercial building, near the upper course of the creek. The first people of European descent arrived with the De Anza Expedition in 1776, today, this is noted by signage on Interstate 80, which runs along the San Francisco Bay shoreline of Berkeley. The De Anza Expedition led to establishment of the Spanish Presidio of San Francisco at the entrance to San Francisco Bay, luis Peralta was among the soldiers at the Presidio. For his services to the King of Spain, he was granted a vast stretch of land on the east shore of San Francisco Bay for a ranch, luis Peralta named his holding Rancho San Antonio. The primary activity of the ranch was raising cattle for meat and hides, eventually, Peralta gave portions of the ranch to each of his four sons. What is now Berkeley lies mostly in the portion that went to Peraltas son Domingo, with a little in the portion that went to another son, no artifact survives of the Domingo or Vicente ranches, but their names survive in Berkeley street names. However, legal title to all land in the City of Berkeley remains based on the original Peralta land grant, the Peraltas Rancho San Antonio continued after Alta California passed from Spanish to Mexican sovereignty after the Mexican War of Independence. The lands of the brothers Domingo and Vicente were quickly reduced to reservations close to their respective ranch homes, the rest of the land was surveyed and parceled out to various American claimants. Politically, the area that became Berkeley was initially part of a vast Contra Costa County, on March 25,1853, Alameda County was created from a division within Contra Costa County, as well as from a small portion of Santa Clara County. The area of Berkeley was at this period mostly a mix of land, farms and ranches. It was not yet Berkeley, but merely the part of the Oakland Township subdivision of Alameda County. In 1866, Oaklands private College of California looked for a new site, according to the Centennial Record of the University of California, In 1866…at Founders Rock, a group of College of California men watched two ships standing out to sea through the Golden Gate. Although the philosophers name is pronounced bark-lee, the pronunciation of the name has evolved to suit American English as burk-lee. The College of Californias College Homestead Association planned to raise funds for the new campus by selling off adjacent parcels of land, to this end, they laid out a plat and street grid that became the basis of Berkeleys modern street plan
Berkeley, California
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Downtown Berkeley viewed from the Berkeley Hills.
Berkeley, California
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This pit in the surface of a rock at
Indian Rock Park is typical of those used by
Ohlone Indians to grind
acorns.
Berkeley, California
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As seen from
Indian Rock Park in the North Berkeley hills. Berkeley is in the foreground, with the
Berkeley Marina and
César Chávez Park just beyond.
Berkeley, California
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The
University of California in 1940
6.
Arts and Crafts movement
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It stood for traditional craftsmanship using simple forms, and often used medieval, romantic, or folk styles of decoration. It advocated economic and social reform and was essentially anti-industrial and it had a strong influence on the arts in Europe until it was displaced by Modernism in the 1930s, and its influence continued among craft makers, designers, and town planners long afterwards. It was inspired by the ideas of architect Augustus Pugin, writer John Ruskin, the movement developed earliest and most fully in the British Isles, and spread across the British Empire and to the rest of Europe and North America. It was largely a reaction against the perceived impoverished state of the arts at the time. The Arts and Crafts style emerged from the attempt to reform design, but it was as much a movement of social reform as design reform and its leading practitioners did not separate the two. The art historian Nikolaus Pevsner has said that exhibits in the Great Exhibition showed ignorance of basic need in creating patterns. Owen Jones, for example, declared that Ornament, fiona MacCarthy says that unlike later zealots like Gandhi, William Morris had no practical objections to the use of machinery per se so long as the machines produced the quality he needed. Morriss followers also had differing views or changed their minds over time. C. R. Ashbee, for example, a figure in the Arts and Crafts Movement. At the time of his Guild of Handicraft, initiated in 1888, he said, We do not reject the machine, but we would desire to see it mastered. Morris insisted that the artist should be a working by hand and advocated a society of free craftspeople. Because craftsmen took pleasure in their work, he wrote, the Middle Ages was a period of greatness in the art of the common people. The treasures in our museums now are only the common used in households of that age. Medieval art was the model for much Arts and Crafts design and medieval life, before capitalism, the founders of the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society did not insist that the designer should also be the maker. Peter Floud, writing in the 1950s, said that The founders of the Society, never executed their own designs, but invariably turned them over to commercial firms. The Arts and Crafts Movement was associated with socialist ideas in the persons of Morris, T. J. Cobden Sanderson, Walter Crane, Ashbee, in the early 1880s Morris was spending more of his time on socialist propaganda than on designing and making. Ashbee established a community of craftsmen, the Guild of Handicraft, in east London and those adherents who were not socialists, for example, Alfred Hoare Powell, advocated a more humane and personal relationship between employer and employee. Lewis Foreman Day, a successful and influential Arts and Crafts designer, was not a socialist either
Arts and Crafts movement
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William Morris design for "Trellis" wallpaper, 1862
Arts and Crafts movement
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The Nature of Gothic by John Ruskin, printed by William Morris at the Kelmscott Press in 1892 in Golden type inspired by the 15th century printer
Nicolas Jenson. This chapter from The Stones of Venice was a sort of manifesto for the Arts and Crafts movement.
Arts and Crafts movement
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Arts and Crafts Peacock
Arts and Crafts movement
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Recently constructed version of the Morris chair
7.
Robert Arneson
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Robert Carston Arneson was an American sculptor and professor of ceramics in the Art department at UC Davis for nearly three decades. Arneson was born in Benicia, California and he graduated from Benicia High School and spent much of his early life as a cartoonist for a local paper. Arneson studied at California College of the Arts in Oakland, California for his BA and went on to receive an MFA from Mills College in Oakland, the new movement was dubbed Funk Art, and Arneson is considered the father of the ceramic Funk movement. Arneson used common objects in his work, which included both ceramic sculptures and drawings and he appeared in many of his own pieces — as a chef, a man picking his nose, a jean-jacketed hipster in sunglasses. Even his large Eggheads sculptures bear a self-resemblance, among the last works Arneson completed before his 1992 death, five Eggheads were installed on campus at UC Davis around 1994. The controversial pieces continue to serve as a source of interest and discussion on the campus, two additional copies of Eggheads were installed in San Francisco. One of Arnesons most famous and controversial works is a bust of George Moscone, Arnesons teaching career began soon after receiving his MFA degree from California College of Arts, with a stint at Santa Rosa Junior College, in Santa Rosa, California. This was followed by a position at Fremont High School in Oakland, California, before advancing to teach design and crafts at Mills College, Arnesons next appointment was at UC Davis, where his talents were recognized by Richard L. Nelson, who had founded the Art Department. It was during this period of the early 60s that Nelson was assembling a faculty that would come to be celebrated as one of the most prestigious in the nation. In addition to Arneson, Nelson had also selected Manuel Neri, Wayne Thiebaud and William T. Wiley, initially hired to teach design classes, it was Arneson who established the ceramic sculpture program for the Art Department. It was in ways a bold and radical move, in that ceramics were not yet recognized as a medium appropriate for fine art at that time. Arneson died on November 2,1992, after a battle with liver cancer. His home town of Benicia, California established a park in his memory and his creations are also at the Lowe Art Museum in Coral Gables, Florida. The Nelson Gallery at UC Davis, where Arneson was a faculty member, owns 70 of the works, including The Palace at 10am. The 70-square-foot earthenware sculpture, a depiction of his former Davis residence, is considered among his most famous sculptures, several of his etchings and lithographs also are on display in the library. Arneson, Robert, Arneson and the Object, University Park, benezra, Neal, Robert Arneson, Seattle, University of Washington Press,1986 ISBN 0-295-96348-4. Benezra, Neal, Robert Arneson, a Retrospective, Des Moines, Iowa, Des Moines Art Center,1985 ISBN 0-9614615-1-9 Faberman, Hilarie, Tenley C. Bick and Susan C. Cameron, Fired at Davis, figurative sculpture by Robert Arneson, visiting professors
Robert Arneson
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"California Artist," by Robert Arneson,
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Robert Arneson
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'The Colonel is at it Again',
lithograph by Robert Arneson, 1980
Robert Arneson
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'Forged Earth', glazed stoneware sculpture by Robert Arneson, 1989, private collection
Robert Arneson
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'Mother Dürer', glazed
earthenware by Robert Arneson, 1979,
Metropolitan Museum of Art
8.
Peter Voulkos
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Peter Voulkos was an American artist of Greek descent. He is known for his abstract expressionist ceramic sculptures, which crossed the divide between ceramic crafts and fine art. He was born as Panagiotis Harry Voulkos, the third of five children to Greek immigrant parents, voulkopoulos, anglicized and shortened to Harry John Voulkos and Effrosyni Peter Voulalas, in Bozeman, Montana. He subsequently earned an MFA degree in ceramics from the California College of the Arts and Crafts, afterwards he returned to Bozeman, and began his career in a pottery business with classmate Rudy Autio, producing functional dinnerware. In 1951 Voulkos and Autio became the first resident artists at the Archie Bray Foundation for the Ceramic Arts, in Helena, Montana. It is from his time there that the lineage of his work, later in full bloom during his tenure at the Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles, California. In 1953, Voulkos was invited to teach a summer session ceramics course at Black Mountain College in Asheville, after the summer at Black Mountain, he changed his approach to creating ceramics. In 1954, after founding the art department at the Otis College of Art and Design, called the Los Angeles County Art Institute, his work rapidly became abstract. He moved to the University of California, Berkeley, in 1959 and he became a full professor there in 1967, and continued to teach until 1985. Among his students were many artists who became well known in their own right. He died of an attack on February 16,2002, after conducting a college ceramics workshop at Bowling Green State University, Ohio. Voulkos is survived by his first wife, Margaret Cone, and their daughter, Pier, polymer clay artist, his wife, Ann, and their son, Aris, Voulkoss sculptures are known for their visual weight, their freely-formed construction and their aggressive and energetic decoration. During shaping he would tear, pound, and gouge their surfaces. At some points in his career, he cast sculptures in bronze, in 1979 he was introduced to the use of wood firing in anagama kilns by Peter Callas, who became his collaborator for the next 23 years. Most of Voulkoss late work was wood-fired in Callass anagama, which was located at first in Piermont, New York and this unique partnership, and the resulting work, is considered by many curators and collectors to be the most exuberant period of Voulkoss career. American craft Ceramics Studio pottery Paul Soldner Hartman, Robert, Kasten, Karl, Melchert, James, Wall, office of Public Affairs, University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on June 1,2008, Peter Voulkos,78, A Master of Expressive Ceramics, Dies. Leap Before You Look, Black Mountain College 1933-1957, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press
Peter Voulkos
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Peter Voulkos works on a stack, 1996.
Peter Voulkos
Peter Voulkos
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Peter Voulkos, Noodle.
stoneware sculpture, 1996,
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Peter Voulkos
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Peter Voulkos and Peter Callas working on a 1998 Stack in Belvidere, NJ.
9.
Viola Frey
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Viola Frey was an American artist working in sculpture, painting and drawing, and professor emerita at California College of the Arts. Born in 1933, Viola Frey grew up on her familys vineyard in Lodi, California and she received a BFA in 1956 from California College of Arts and Crafts where she studied painting with Richard Diebenkorn and ceramics with Vernon Corky Coykendall and Charles Fiske. Her fellow students included Robert Arneson, Manuel Neri and Nathan Oliveira, after receiving her bachelors degree, she attended graduate school at Tulane University and studied with Mark Rothko and George Rickey. She left Tulane in 1957 without receiving her masters degree and moved to New York to work with ceramicist Katherine Choy at the Clay Art Center in Port Chester, New York. The Clay Art Center was one of the earliest venues on the East Coast geared toward artists exploring ceramics as an art medium without the functional constraints of craft. Frey returned to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1960 where she became a respected artist. She was well known for her monumental, brightly colored ceramic sculptures, along with Robert Arneson and Peter Voulkos, Frey reshaped and defined the use of ceramics as a fine art medium through her robust sculptures. Viola has had a impact on the visual arts. In the 1970s, after moving to a studio in Oakland. In 1979, Viola was included in A Century of Ceramics in the United States 1878-1978 that Garth Clark coorganized with Margie Hughto for the Everson Museum of Art. In 1981, the Minneapolis Institute of Art acquired Double Grandmother which was the first major American museum to have done so and this lead to her solo at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1984 curated by Patterson Sims. As explained by Garth Clark in his essay for Freys 1981 retrospective exhibition, bricolage translates from French as a made by the bricoleur. The bricoleur picks up odds and ends from his time, and makes unique projects out of unknown things. Although most renowned for her sculptures, Frey also created a significant body of two-dimensional works that have been widely exhibited. Her paintings and pastel drawings reflect her love of the figure, her colorful palette. Frey lived surrounded by art and a collection of approximately 4,000 art books. Committed to her art, she continued working almost until the end of her life, Frey joined the faculty at the California College of Arts and Crafts in 1965, and continued a relationship with the college through 1999 as full professor and chair of the Ceramics Program. During her tenure, Frey guided the design of the Noni Eccles Treadwell Ceramic Arts Center on the colleges Oakland campus and she was awarded the status of professor emerita in 1999, and the college established the Viola Frey Chair in Fine Arts in 2003
Viola Frey
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Viola Frey with her sculptures, photo by M. Lee Fatherree
10.
Photorealist
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Photorealists use a photograph or several photographs to gather the information to create their paintings and it can be argued that the use of a camera and photographs is an acceptance of Modernism. By the time the Photorealists began producing their bodies of work the photograph had become the means of reproducing reality. Though Photorealists share some aspects of American realists, such as Edward Hopper, Photorealists were much more influenced by the work of Pop artists and were reacting against Abstract Expressionism. However, whereas the Pop artists were primarily pointing out the absurdity of much of the imagery, the association of Photorealism to Trompe Loeil is a wrongly attributed comparison, an error in observation or interpretation made by many critics of the 1970s and 1980s. Trompe Loeil paintings attempt to fool the eye and make the viewer think he is seeing an actual object, when observing a Photorealist painting, the viewer is always aware that they are looking at a painting. The word Photorealism was coined by Louis K. Meisel in 1969 and it is also sometimes labeled as Super-Realism, New Realism, Sharp Focus Realism, or Hyper-Realism. The definition for the ORIGINATORS was as follows, The Photo-Realist uses the camera, the Photo-Realist uses a mechanical or semimechanical means to transfer the information to the canvas. The Photo-Realist must have the ability to make the finished work appear photographic. The artist must have exhibited work as a Photo-Realist by 1972 to be considered one of the central Photo-Realists, the artist must have devoted at least five years to the development and exhibition of Photo-Realist work. Photorealist painting cannot exist without the photograph, in Photorealism, change and movement must be frozen in time which must then be accurately represented by the artist. Photorealists gather their imagery and information with the camera and photograph, once the photograph is developed the artist will systematically transfer the image from the photographic slide onto canvases. Usually this is either by projecting the slide onto the canvas or by using traditional grid techniques. The resulting images are often direct copies of the photograph but are usually larger than the original photograph or slide. In the UK, photorealist approaches were favoured by artists including Mike Gorman. The introduction of these European painters to a wider US audience was brought about through the 1982 Superhumanism exhibition at the Arnold Katzen Gallery, though the height of Photorealism was in the 1970s the movement continues and includes several of the original photorealists as well as many of their contemporaries. According to Meisel and Chases Photorealism at the Millennium, only eight of the original photorealists were still creating photorealist work in 2002, ten including John Baeder, newer Photorealists are building upon the foundations set by the original photorealists. Examples would be the influence of Richard Estes in works by Anthony Brunelli or the influence of Ralph Goings, however, this has led many to move on from the strict definition of photorealism as the emulation of the photograph. Photorealism is also no longer simply an American art movement, with new technology in cameras and digital equipment, artists are able to be far more precision-oriented
Photorealist
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John's Diner with John's Chevelle, 2007
John Baeder, oil on canvas, 30×48 inches.
Photorealist
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Ralph's Diner (1981-1982), Oil on canvas. Example of photorealist
Ralph Goings ' work
Photorealist
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Dream of Love (2005), Oil on canvas. Example of Photorealist
Glennray Tutor 's work
11.
Robert Bechtle
–
Robert Bechtle is an American painter. He received his Bachelor of Fine Arts and Master of Fine Arts from the California College of Arts and Crafts, now the California College of the Arts, in Oakland, California. Except for his service in Germany, Bechtle has lived all his life in the Bay Area. He started drawing at an age and, with encouragement from his teachers and his family. By submitting a portfolio of artwork to a competition, Bechtle won a scholarship that paid for his first year of college. When he graduated, he was drafted and sent to Berlin, besides making paintings, watercolors, and drawings—he is an accomplished printmaker. Bechtle began in lithography but, after 1982 when Crown Point Press began publishing his prints and he taught at San Francisco State University and lives in San Franciscos Potrero Hill neighborhood. Along with John Baeder, Richard Estes, Chuck Close, Richard McLean, by the mid-1960s, he had started developing a style and subject matter that he has maintained over his career. Working from his own photographs, Bechtle creates paintings described as photographic, taking inspiration from his local San Francisco surroundings, he painted friends and family and the neighborhoods and street scenes, paying special attention to automobiles. Bechtles brushwork is barely detectable in his photo-like renditions and his paintings reveal his perspective on how things look to him, the color, and the light of a commonplace scene. Peter Schjeldahl wrote in The New Yorker that in 1969, when he first noticed a Bechtle painting, he was “rattled by the middle-class ordinariness of the scene. ”As he looked more closely, he discovered “a feat of resourceful painterly artifice” that he realized was “beautiful. ”The article concludes, “Life is incredibly complicated, and the proof is that when you confront any simple, stopped part of it you are stupefied. ”Bechtle is represented by the Barbara Gladstone Gallery in New York City. Bechtle has created prints with the Crown Point Press in San Francisco since 1982, Robert Bechtles work has been exhibited internationally. C. Retrospective exhibits The Oakland Museum of California held an exhibit in 2000 of Bechtles paintings, California Classic. SFmoma. org, Major Retrospective of San Francisco Artist Robert Bechtle At SFMOMA — Robert Bechtle, newyorker. com, Parked Cars, The New Yorker article, May 2005 issue, by Peter Schjeldahl. Oral history interview with Robert Bechtle — digital transcript, Smithsonian Archives of American Art Oral History Program, Oral history interview with Robert Bechtle, — digital transcript, Smithsonian Archives of American Art Oral History Program. Louis K. Meisel Gallery. com, Robert Bechtle website — images of works + biography, photorealism, by Louis K. Meisel, Abradale/Harry N. Abrams, New York, NY, ISBN0810980924, ISBN 978-0810980921
Robert Bechtle
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Robert Bechtle, ’61 Pontiac, 1968–69. Oil on canvas, 59 3/4 × 84 1/4 in. (151.8 × 214 cm). Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; © 1969 Robert Bechtle
12.
Nathan Oliveira
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Nathan Oliveira was an American painter, printmaker, and sculptor, born in Oakland, California to immigrant Portuguese parents. He taught studio art for several decades in California beginning in the early 1950s when he taught at the California College of the Arts in Oakland, then, after serving as a visiting artist at several universities, he became a Professor of Studio Art at Stanford University. In 2002 The Art of Nathan Oliveira, a traveling retrospective of Oliveiras work, organized by the San Jose Museum of art. The exhibition was accompanied by a monograph, Nathan Oliveira, by Peter Selz with an introduction by Susan Landauer and essay by Joann Moser, Oliveira graduated from San Franciscos George Washington High School. He studied at the California College of the Arts in Oakland where he earned a BFA in 1951, while attending CCA he took an eight-week summer course in painting at Mills College taught by the German Expressionist Max Beckmann. After graduation Oliveira taught art at several colleges, including the California College of the Arts, The California School of Fine Arts The University of Chicago, UCLA and Stanford University. Nathan Oliveira also served as a member of the Honorary Board of Humane Society Silicon Valley in Milpitas,1999 Distinguished Degree of Commander in The Order of the Infante D. Henrique awarded by the President of Portugal and the Portuguese government. He once stated, Im not part of the avant-garde, Im part of the garde that comes afterward, assimilates, consolidates, refines. Oliveira established a reputation for his depictions of isolated figures painted in an improvisational style. Over time his subjects and style varied tremendously as he created images of animals, birds of prey, human heads, masks, nudes, Oliveira also developed a series of sites that told the story of an invented culture with shamanic characteristics. Most of the paintings are either vividly colored but somber human figures or abstract expressionist works that vaguely resemble seascapes. Sea from 1959, in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art, is an example of these almost abstract seascapes, Nathan Oliveira was especially noted for his work in the monotype medium, in which single printed impressions are made from a painting executed on a metal plate. He was also an accomplished sculptor, a survey of Oliveiras bronzes was held at the Palo Alto Art Center in 2008. His work is in the collection of di Rosa, a 1960 oil painting by Nathan Oliveira, Seated Figure with Pink Background, sold for $317,500 at Sothebys New York on November 12,2002. This series was dubbed the Windhover series by Oliveiras friend, poet Desmond Egan, in June 2013 Stanford University started construction of the Windhover Contemplative Center, a 4,000 square foot one story building that will house four paintings from Oliveiras Windhover series. The center, which is intended to provide Stanford faculty, staff and students with a place to reflect and meditate, was envisioned by Oliveira, designed by Aidlin Darling Design architects, the Windhover opened on October 9,2014, and is located in front of Roble Hall. Constructed with rammed earth and wooden walls, the center features three interior rooms to house the Oliveira paintings, outside landscaping includes a reflection pool and garden areas for meditation. The building is enclosed in glass, allowing for viewing of the Oliveira paintings even from outside, the center will be open to the Stanford community daily from 11 a. m. to 11 p. m
Nathan Oliveira
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Nathan Oliveira at his Stanford home, 1977
Nathan Oliveira
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Nathan Oliveira, 'Portrait of John Young', 1976, acrylic on canvas,
John Young Museum of Art,
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Nathan Oliveira
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Sea by Nathan Oliveira, 1959,
Honolulu Museum of Art
Nathan Oliveira
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An interior view of the Windhover Center
13.
Manuel Neri
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In Neris work with the figure, he conveys an emotional inner state that is revealed through body language and gesture. Since 1965 his studio has been in Benicia, California, in 1981 he purchased a studio in Carrara, Italy, for working in marble. During the past four decades, Neri has worked primarily with the model, Mary Julia, creating drawings. Neri was born in Sanger, California, to immigrant parents who left Mexico during political unrest following the Mexican Revolution and he began attending college at San Francisco City College in 1950, initially studying to be an electrical engineer. A class in ceramics with Peter Voulkos inspired him to continue his art studies and he enrolled at California College of Arts and Crafts in Oakland, and at California School of Fine Arts. Neri studied under Richard Diebenkorn, Elmer Bischoff, and Frank Lobdell and he began to create life-sized figurative sculptures in plaster and mixed media, their surfaces often painted to accentuate the forms and gestures. In the late 1950s, Manuel Neri was a member of the artist-run cooperative gallery, Six Gallery in San Francisco, along with Joan Brown, Bruce Conner, Jay DeFeo, and other artists. In October 1955, he helped organize 6 Poets at 6 Gallery Six Gallery reading, in 1959, Neri was an original member of Bruce Conners Rat Bastard Protective Association. Neri taught sculpture and ceramics at California School of Fine Arts from 1959–1965 and he was a member of the art department faculty at the University of California, Davis from 1965-1999. In 2006, Neri was a recipient of the International Sculpture Centers Lifetime Achievement Award in Contemporary Sculpture, in 2008 he received the Bay Area Treasure Award from the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Beginning in the late 1970s, Neri has also worked in marble, creating figures, torsos. He is also noted as a draftsman and a collaborator on artists books and his early works also included paintings and mixed-media sculptures based on abstracted figurative or architectural forms. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, for the Gerdin Building, St. Annes Church, Seattle, WA, and others. Neri is represented by Hacket Mill Gallery, San Francisco, Robischon Gallery, Denver, Riva Yares Gallery, Scottsdale, Ariz. and Yares Art Projects in Santa Fe, palm Springs, Calif. and New York City. Manuel Neri had several marriages, including a marriage to painter Joan Brown from 1962–1966 He has seven children, Raoul, Laticia, Noel, Max, Ruby, Julia, Neri currently lives in Benicia, California. Art in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1945–1980, Berkeley, University of California Press,1985. The Latin American Spirit, Art and Artists in the United States, Bronx, Bronx Museum of the Arts and Harry N. Abrams,1988. Washington, DC, The Corcoran Gallery of Art,1994, cowart, Jack, Price Amerson, John Beardsley, Henry Geldzahler, Robert Pincus
Manuel Neri
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Sculptor Manuel Neri in his Carrara, Italy studio, 1983, photo by Sally Larsen
14.
Bay Area Figurative Movement
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Spanning two decades, this art movement is often broken down into three groups, or generations, the First Generation, the Bridge Generation, and the Second Generation. Among these First Generation Bay Area Figurative School artists were, David Park, Richard Diebenkorn, Rex Ashlock, Elmer Bischoff, Wayne Thiebaud, and James Weeks. The Bridge Generation included the artists, Nathan Oliveira, Theophilus Brown, Paul John Wonner, Roland Petersen, John Hultberg, many Second Generation artists of this movement studied under the First Generation artists, or were late starters. Among these Second Generation artists were, Bruce McGaw, Henry Villierme, Joan Brown, Manuel Neri, David Park was arguably the most important painter of the Bay Area Figurative Movement. David park was born 17 March 1911 in Boston to Mary Turner and he attended school in Connecticut and moved to Los Angeles in 1928 where he studied at Otis Art Institute. A year later, he moved to Berkeley where he married Lydia Newell in 1930 and his first solo show was in 1933 at the Oakland Art Gallery. In 1943, he began teaching at California School of Fine Arts, David Park was a respected Abstract Expressionist painter in San Francisco and one of the first painters to move towards the figurative style of paintings. In the spring of 1951, Park won a prize for a canvas that he submitted to a competitive exhibition. Park’s turn to figurative style baffled some of his colleagues, as at the time and his courageous effort to move away from abstract paintings to figure prompted a rise in figurative art which would go on to be one of the most important postwar developments on the West Coast. Rather than going through a transformation from Abstract paintings to Figures. Although still debatable, it was found in extensive notes of an interview with Park’s Aunt that Park drove his abstract paintings to a dump and his colleagues did not even know about this transformation until the following year. In 2004, Hackett Freedman Gallery in San Francisco held an exhibition of 35 of David Parks works from 1953 to 1960, some of the earlier works in the exhibition suggest that Park responded to the art of Max Beckmann and his influence is particularly visible in The Band. He took the Abstract work much more seriously than Park and consequently his Abstract work was more popular than that of Parks Abstract work. It is because of this some people had a hard time understanding his abandonments of Abstract art. Bischoff had a newfound outlook on art once he returned from war in 1945 and he felt that he had to challenge all the assumptions that he held about art as well as life. When asked about this in an interview, he said, “Until then art had been an external acquisition, just like his Abstract work, Bischoff achieved great success with his early figurative works. Bischoff entered his painting Figure and Red Wall in the Fifth Annual Oil and Sculpture Exhibition at the Richmond Art Center and this feat earned him a solo show at the Paul Kantor Gallery in Los Angeles. However, it was a show of paintings and drawings in January 1956 at the California School of Fine Arts gallery that Bischoff believed had the biggest impact on his future
Bay Area Figurative Movement
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Richard Diebenkorn, Cityscape I (Landscape No. 1), 1963, oil on canvas,
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Bay Area Figurative Movement
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Paul Wonner, Still Life with Cup, oil on canvas, 1959, private collection
15.
Marvin Lipofsky
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Marvin Bentley Lipofsky was an American glass artist. He was one of the six students that Studio Glass founder Harvey Littleton instructed in a program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in fall 1962, Lipofsky was raised in Barrington, Illinois, where his family owned a department store. In 1962, he earned a BFA in Industrial Design from the University of Illinois, there he studied under Harvey Littleton, the founder, with assistance from Dominick Labino, of the Studio Glass Movement. He would introduce the concepts of the movement during his subsequent tenure as a Design instructor at the University of California, Berkeley, during this time he was responsible for training many studio artists. Notable students of Marvin Lipofsky include John Lewis, Richard Marquis, as a visiting artist he has traveled widely in the United States and internationally to Israel, Spain, France, Bulgaria, Sweden, Finland, Japan, and the Netherlands. He died from complications of diabetes on January 15,2016, in 1967 Lipofsky founded the glass program at the California College of Arts and Crafts, which he headed for two decades. He was also a founder of the Glass Art Society, serving as president of organization from 1978 to 1980. Lipofsky was one of the first American glass artists to travel to Czechoslovakia and this would prove to be the first of many trips he would take, he became well known for his journeys abroad and his collaboration with numerous glass artists around the world. Many of Lipofskys works are colorful bubbles of glass, often semi-translucent they allow the viewer to examine their depths. He is best known for the form of his pieces. “His art is about the visceral and the gestural, ” wrote Studio Glass connoisseur Dan Klein. “The forms are inspired by internal organs, intestines, breast, stomachs, brains, their colorful, mottled, crumpled, broken shapes and expression of turbulence and restlessness. ”Lipofsky is well known for having devoted his career in glass to endless variations on the turbulent, broken bubble form. His work, in short, is about glassblowing and the way the ways in which a glass sphere can be opened, shaped and distorted. Corning Museum of Glass curator Tina Oldknow has written that she admires Lipofsky “for his devotion to material and his non-objective vessels break apart and rearrange the blown glass mass while retaining the breathy, ephemeral quality that is one of the medium’s most intriguing characteristics. He was named an Honorary Lifetime Member of the Glass Art Society in 1986, the artist was the recipient of two National Endowment for the Arts grants in 1976 and 1974. Lipofskys work has been collected by public institutions worldwide. The artist resides in Berkeley, California and he is an alumnus of Zeta Beta Tau Fraternity
Marvin Lipofsky
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Marvin Lipofsky
16.
California Faience
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California Faience was a pottery studio in Berkeley, California in existence from 1915 to 1959. It produced tiles, decorative vases, bowls, jars and trivets and it was run by William Bragdon and Chauncey Thomas who also taught at the California School of Arts and Crafts in Oakland, California. The name refers to a style and technique, faience. Chauncey Thomas began the studio in 1913 as The Tile Shop, Bragdon joined Thomas as a partner in the fall of 1915. In 1922 they moved to a building in order to fulfill a 1921 contract for tiles from architect Julia Morgan who used them on William Randolph Hearsts mansion Hearst Castle. William Bragdon was a classmate of Chauncey Thomas at Alfred University, when Thomas moved to California, Bragdon stepped in to take up the teaching position Thomas had previously held at the University of Chicago. Bragdon began his career in ceramics at University City Porcelain Works near St. Louis, the business closed down in 1914. Thomas then invited Bragdon to move to California in 1915 and began teaching at the California School of Arts and Crafts in Oakland, Thomas focused on producing pottery and tiles for the Panama Pacific International Exhibition in San Francisco. Bragdon moved his family to Berkeley from St. Louis in the summer of 1915, a verbal partnership agreement was made on November 9,1915 and a formal written partnership agreement was signed on May 30,1917. Bragdon was an expert in the areas of mold-making as well as developing glazes, both Thomas and Bragdon taught sporadically at CSAC, and Bragdon was also employed at the American Bisque Doll Company in Berkeley. Some of the associated with California Faience are, Beniamino Bufano, Julia Morgan, Valenti Angelo, Sorcha Boru, Adele Stimmel Chase, Jane Fauntz. Several schools in the East Bay would have students make pieces from clay, the work was then sold by California Faience. The longest relationship between a school and California Faience was likely with Berkeley High School, California Faience produced two kinds of tiles, decorative and architectural. The decorative tiles were known as tea tiles and basically served the purpose of being a trivet, protecting furniture from being burned from hot teapots, tea tiles could have a simple or ornate design. Some were also framed and hung on walls like paintings, botanical subjects were common, flowers such as California Poppy, Irises and Morning Glories especially. Birds such as peacocks or geese were another common theme on tiles, architectural forms also appeared on tiles, including depictions of Carmel Mission and Sather Tower located on the campus of University of California, Berkeley. Landscapes, ships, geometric designs, trees as well as people were other features on tiles, architectural tiles were both decorated and plain in their appearance. The Hearst Castle employs California Faience tile on its exterior, architects such as Julia Morgan used the pottery companys tiles, as for William Randolph Hearst at San Simeon
California Faience
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Hearst Castle detail, showing tiles supplied by California Faience
17.
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
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The School of the Art Institute of Chicago is one of Americas largest accredited independent schools of art and design. It is located in the Loop in Chicago, Illinois, the school is associated with the museum of the same name, and The Art Institute of Chicago or Chicago Art Institute often refers to either entity. Providing degrees at the undergraduate and graduate levels, SAIC has been recognized by U. S, additionally it is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board. Its downtown Chicago campus consists of seven buildings located in the vicinity of the AIC building. SAIC is in an partnership with the AIC and share many administrative resources such as design, construction. The campus, located in the Loop, comprises three buildings, the Michigan, the Sharp, and the Columbus. SAIC also owns additional buildings throughout Chicago that are used as student galleries or investments, the institute has its roots in the 1866 founding of the Chicago Academy of Design, which local artists established in rented rooms on Clark Street. It was financed by member dues and patron donations, four years later, the school moved into its own Adams Street building, which was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Because of the financial and managerial problems after this loss, business leaders in 1878 formed a board of trustees. They expanded its mission beyond education and exhibitions to include collecting, in 1882, the academy was renamed the Art Institute of Chicago. The banker Charles L. Hutchinson served as its president until his death in 1924. Chancellor Walter E. Massey served as president from 2010–July 2016, the current president is Elissa Tenny, formerly the schools provost. SAIC also serves as a resource for issues related to the position, the primary mission of the program is to educate and foster a greater understanding and appreciation of contemporary art through discourse. VAP maintains a commitment to ethnic and gender diversity, it has been at the forefront of the movement toward a more socially engaged. Additionally, the Distinguished Alumni Series brings alumni back to the community to present their work, recent alumni speakers include Tania Bruguera, Jenni Sorkin, Kori Newkirk, Maria Martinez-Cañas, Saya Woolfalk, Jun Nguyen-Hatsushiba, and Sanford Biggers to name a few. Sullivan Galleries- Located to the 7th floor of the Sullivan Center at 33 S, with shows and projects often led by faculty or student curators, it is a teaching gallery that engages the exhibition process as a pedagogical model and mode of research. Student Union Galleries - Founded in 1994, The Student Union Galleries is SAICs fully student-run gallery system, paid student directors maintain the galleries with assistance from a faculty adviser. A volunteer student committee assists in maintenance and the selection of exhibitions and they have two locations, The LeRoy Neiman Gallery of the 37 South Wabash Avenue building, and Gallery X of the 280 South Columbus Drive building
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
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The school's
Grant Park, Columbus Avenue, building, attached to the museum, houses a premier gallery showcase.
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
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"Painting critique": students' critiquing Ben Cowan's work
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
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The Etching Room, with etching presses and workstations
18.
University of California, Davis
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The University of California, Davis, is a public research university and one of the 10 campuses of the University of California system. It is located in Davis, California, just west of Sacramento, the university has been labeled one of the Public Ivies, a publicly funded university considered to provide a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League. The Carnegie Foundation classifies UC Davis as a doctoral research university with a medical program. The UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine is the largest in the United States and has ranked first in the nation for two consecutive years,2015 and 2016. The UC Davis Aggies athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I level, primarily in the Big West Conference as well as the Big Sky Conference, in its first year of full Division I status,11 UC Davis teams qualified for NCAA post-season competition. In 1905, the California legislature passed the University Farm Bill, the commission took a year to select a site for the campus, a tiny town then known as Davisville. UC Davis opened its doors as the University Farm to 40 degree students from UC Berkeley in January 1909, the Farm was established largely the result of the vision and perseverance of Peter J. Shields, secretary of the State Agricultural Society. The Peter J. Shields Library at UC Davis was named in his honor, Shields began to champion the cause of a University Farm to teach agriculture after learning that California students were going to out-of-state universities to pursue such education. After two failed bills, a law authorizing the creation of a University Farm was passed on March 18,1905, Yolo County, home to some of Californias prime farmland, was chosen as the site. A committee appointed by the Regents purchased land near Davisville in 1906, the Regents officially took control of the property in September 1906 and constructed four buildings in 1907. Short courses were first offered in 1908 and a three-year non-degree program set up in 1909, in 1911, the first class graduated from the University Farm. The Farm accepted its first female students in 1914 from Berkeley, the three-year non-degree program continued until 1923. At that time, a two-year non-degree program began, continuing until 1958, in 1922, a four-year undergraduate general academic program was established, with the first class graduating in 1926. Renamed in 1922 as the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture, by 1951 it had expanded to a size of 3,000 acres. In 1959, the campus was declared by the Regents of the University of California as the general campus in the University of California system. Davis Graduate Division was established in 1961 followed by the College of Engineering in 1962, the Law School opened for classes in Fall 1966, and the School of Medicine began instruction in Fall 1968. In a period of increasing activism, a Native American studies program was started in 1969, one of the first at a major university, it was later developed as a full department within the university. The incident drew attention and led to further demonstrations, a formal investigation
University of California, Davis
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Early creamery and horticulture buildings, University Farm
University of California, Davis
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University of California, Davis
University of California, Davis
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The Silo Union, one of the original buildings
University of California, Davis
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A view of Mrak Hall from the
arboretum
19.
Adventure Time
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Adventure Time is an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward for Cartoon Network. It follows the adventures of a boy named Finn and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake —a dog with the power to change shape. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, where they interact with major characters, including, Princess Bubblegum, the Ice King, Marceline the Vampire Queen. The series is based on a 2007 short produced for Nicktoons, after the short became a viral hit on the Internet, Cartoon Network commissioned a full-length series, which previewed on March 11,2010 and officially premiered on April 5,2010. The series draws inspiration from a variety of sources, including the fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons and it is produced using hand-drawn animation, and action and dialogue for episodes are decided by storyboarding artists. Because each episode takes roughly eight to nine months to complete, the Adventure Time cast record their lines in group recordings, and the series regularly employs guest actors for minor and recurring characters. Each Adventure Time episode runs for eleven minutes, pairs of episodes are often telecast to fill half-hour program slots. Seven seasons of the program have been aired, an eighth season premiered on January 23,2017, and the show has been renewed for a ninth and final season. As of October 2015, a film is in development. Since its debut, Adventure Time has been a success for Cartoon Network. The show has received reviews from critics and—despite being aimed primarily at children—has developed a following among teenagers. The series has also nominated for three Critics Choice Television Awards, two Annecy Festival Awards, a TCA Award, and a Sundance Film Festival Award, among others. A comic book based on the series won an Eisner Award. The series has inspired various clothing items and related merchandise, video games, comic books. Adventure Time follows the adventures of a boy, Finn the Human, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake the Dog, Pendleton Ward, the series creator, describes Finn as a fiery little kid with strong morals. Jake, on the hand, is based on Tripper Harrison. This means that while Jake is somewhat care-free, he will sit down, Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, which was ravaged by a cataclysmic nuclear war a thousand years before the series events. In an interview with Animation World Network, Ward said he strives to combine the series humor with beautiful moments
Adventure Time
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Pendleton Ward, the creator of Adventure Time.
Adventure Time
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Adventure Time title card featuring Finn and Jake.
Adventure Time
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Patrick McHale was the creative director of Adventure Time for the first two seasons.
Adventure Time
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A storyboard panel drawn by
Adam Muto for the episode "
What Was Missing " showing action, dialogue, and sound effects. Adventure Time is a storyboard-driven series; the storyboard artists are also the writers, allowing them to draft the dialogue and the action.
20.
Hong Sang-soo
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Hong Sang-soo is a South Korean film director and screenwriter. Hong made his directorial debut at age 35 with The Day a Pig Fell into the Well in 1996. Praised by South Korean critics for its originality, the film received several awards domestically and internationally, many of Hongs films have received critical acclaim for the director/screenwriters portrayal and depictions of everyday human relationships. In June 2016, Hong was reported to be having an affair with actress Kim Min-hee who appeared in the 2015 film Right Now. At the Seoul premiere of On the Beach at Night Alone, Hong openly admitted his affair with the actress, new Korean Cinema Auteurs, Too Early/Too Late, Temporality and Repetition in Hong Sang-sus Films. Durham and London, Duke University Press, Hong Sang-soo at the Internet Movie Database Hong Sangsoos Unsexy Sex at The Film Journal Where are the Snows of Yesteryear. Hong Sang-soo Searches for Lost Time in Woman is the Future of Man at Senses of Cinema Lets Not Turn Into Monsters, the Films of Hong Sang-soo at Stylus Magazine Okis Movie by Hong Sang-Soo at Thought Catalog
Hong Sang-soo
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Hong Sang-soo on the set of
Night and Day, 5 September 2007
21.
Ladyfest
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Ladyfest is a community-based, not-for-profit global music and arts festival for feminist and women artists. The first ever Ladyfest was conducted in Olympia, Washington in August 2000 with over 2000 people attending, prime motivators in the event were Sarah Dougher, Sleater-Kinney, and Teresa Carmody. Each new festival is organized locally and independently of other Ladyfest events in states or countries, primarily by volunteers. Ten years on from the original event Ladyfest is still going strong as a global phenomenon, the 2010 London Ladyfest was promoted as a tenth anniversary event, celebrating a decade of DIY feminist arts and activism. Ladyfests in the world propose different kinds of activities, such as concerts, wokshops, conferences, debates, workshops range from screenprinting, carpentry, stop-motion, plumbing-lessons to crocheting. Ladyfest has inspired spin off events such as LaD. I. Y. fest in Berlin, Grrl Fest in Melbourne, LaD. I. Y fest in Berlin aimed to emphasise the do-it-yourself, participatory aspect of the festival. And Grrl Fest in Melbourne started in 2013 in a warehouse in Melbourne, harbouring the same ethos as a Lady Fest including music, art, zines and stalls. Grrl Fest is now an event with a wide network and sponsors, www. grrlfest. com Grrl Fair in Santa Ana started in 2001. Organizers were inspired by fests like Ladyfest and Homo-a-gogo and wanted to bring DIY feminist punk ethos to their community
Ladyfest
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Album cover art from Ladyfest UK 2003 CD
Ladyfest
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A zine/CD stall at a Ladyfest
Ladyfest
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A workshop at a Ladyfest
Ladyfest
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A craft fair at a Ladyfest
22.
Wayne Wang
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Wayne Wang is a Hong Kong-born American film director. Wang was born and raised in Hong Kong, and named after his fathers favorite movie star, when he was 17, his parents arranged for him to move to the United States to study, to prepare for medical school. Chan Is Missing, Dim Sum, A Little Bit of Heart and he is best known for The Joy Luck Club, Maid in Manhattan, and the independent features Smoke and Anywhere but Here. He won the Golden Shell at the San Sebastian Film Festival in September 2007 for A Thousand Years of Good Prayers and he is married to a former Miss Hong Kong, Cora Miao, and lives in San Francisco and New York City
Wayne Wang
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Wayne Wang
23.
Natalia Anciso
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Natalia Anciso is an American Chicana-Tejana contemporary artist and educator. Her artwork focuses primarily on issues involving Identity, especially as it pertains to her experiences growing up along the U. S. -Mexico Border, via visual art and installation art. Her more recent work covers topics related to human rights and social justice and she is a native of the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas and currently lives and works in Oakland, California. Natalia Anciso was born in Weslaco, Texas in 1985, a fifth-generation Tejana, her family has resided along the Texas Borderlands since the Texas Revolution. Shortly after her birth, Ancisos family moved to Austin, where they would reside until she was the age of 10. She would eventually back to the Rio Grande Valley to her parents hometown of Mercedes, Texas. Coming from a line of migrant farmworkers and laborers, Anciso is the first in her family to graduate from college. A Berkeley Distinguished Graduate Fellow, Anciso earned her M. A. in Education at the University of California, Anciso creates art predicated on realities and legends of her upbringing. Her works are visual records of family, community, and border culture along her native Rio Grande and her work has historically covered issues surrounding the Borderlands, which have long been subject to poverty, human trafficking, and the drug war. She depicts Chicano history and struggles on both sides of the border in her work, especially as it pertains to the notion of Identity and these art forms are reconfigured to tell contemporary stories of life along the Texas/Mexico border. Using pen, pencil, and paint on domestic textiles such as handkerchiefs, pillowcases, susan Roberta Katz and Dr. Andrea McEvoy Spero. In the books chapter titled, Afterword, Will Human Rights Education Be Decolonizing. Dr. K. Ancisos art has included in exhibitions throughout the country. She worked most recently as the Art Director for the Mission Clubhouse of the Boys & Girls Clubs of San Francisco and she currently teaches full-time at an urban elementary school in the East Bay. The portfolio highlights 35 women who are recognized as outstanding musicians, comedians, politicians, artists, activists, novelists, athletes, and actors who turned 30 in 2015. She appears in a double page spread with supermodel, Bar Refaeli, actress, model and trans activist, Carmen Carrera, on the day of his confirmation, United States Secretary of Education John King, Jr. Anciso is married to educator John Nepomuceno. The couple married in Travis County, Texas in 2013 and she is a member of the Kappa Delta Chi sorority
Natalia Anciso
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Natalia Anciso with author
Sandra Cisneros.
Natalia Anciso
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Don't Shoot (2014) Ink, graphite, prisma, and watercolor on paper.
24.
Jules de Balincourt
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Jules de Balincourt is a French-American contemporary artist, based in Brooklyn, New York. He is best known for his abstract, atmospheric paintings with saturated colors, in 1972 de Balincourt was born in Paris and moved throughout his childhood but primarily growing up near the Malibou Lake area in the Santa Monica Mountains. In 2006, de Balincourt founded the art space Starr Space in Brooklyn. To create his paintings, he doesnt often work from photos or drawings, in his paintings he uses stencils, tape, knives and spray paint in the style of Outsider art. Carol Lee called de Balincourt the mayor of Bushwick in an article for Paper. S.1 Contemporary Art Center and MOMA in New York, and “USA Today” at the Royal Academy in London. His work is in prominent collections, including the Oppenheimer – JCCC Collection for the Nerman Museum of Contemporary Art, Jules de Balincourts website The Saatchi Gallery, About Jules de Balincourt and his art Jules de Balincourt on Re-Title. com sample of artwork
Jules de Balincourt
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Ambitious New Plans, oil on board, 102x152cm, 2005
25.
Robert S. Neuman
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Robert Sterling Neuman was an American abstract painter and print maker and an art teacher. Neuman was born and raised in the mining town of Kellogg, Idaho, as the only child of Katherine Samuelson. He is of German-American and Swedish descent, Neumans passion for the arts blossomed early in his childhood. The artists parents owned a hardware store where drafting and painting materials were easily borrowed by Neuman to paint the nearby scenic Western vistas. While attending the high school, Neuman was permitted to take the schools only art course three times at the insistence of his mother. In 1944, Neuman graduated from school and briefly enrolled in the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho. In 1945, he was drafted into the army where he served in the Army Air Corps at various American army bases until the end of World War II. After Neuman was honorably discharged from the army in 1946, he relocated to Oakland, the same year he married fellow Idaho native Patricia Fedderson. The young artists first encounters with Californias vibrant art scene were both thrilling and shocking and he would later recall that …coming from the state of Idaho to San Francisco and… seeing Clyfford Still for the first time Diebenkorn, all hanging there, was quite a shock. Here Id been painting views of Coeur dAlene Lake with the mountains, in the early 1950s Neuman received his BFA in Applied Art and his Master of Fine Arts at the California College of Fine Arts alongside classmates Nathan Oliveira and Peter Voulkos. He also studied painting with American abstract artist James Budd Dixon at the San Francisco College of Fine Arts, in 1952, Neuman was awarded the prestigious Bender Grant for his artistic contributions. After completing his studies, Neuman held faculty appointments at the San Francisco College of Fine Arts. During this time, he was exhibiting in juried shows alongside West Coast Abstract Expressionists like Morris Graves, Robert Motherwell. In 1953, Neuman was awarded the Fulbright Fellowship and traveled with his wife to Stuttgart, while is Stuggart, Neuman studied under the German Expressionist painter Willi Baumeister and began his first major series of paintings, known as the Black Paintings. In 1956, Neuman was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and traveled to Barcelona, Neuman was greatly excited by the opportunity and is quoted as saying, There is a city called Barcelona. In Barcelona were Miró, Picasso, Julio Gonzales, Gaudi, There must be something in Barcelona. While in Spain, Neuman worked alongside Antoni Tapies, Joan-Josep Tharrats and he reunited with Alberto Burri, whom he had met while in Europe under the Fulbright Fellowship, who helped Neuman launch his own show at the Galleria del Cavallino in Venice. This exhibition earned praise from art collector and socialite Peggy Guggenheim, the owner of Galleria Del Cavallino later offered Neuman a contract to return to Italy, though he declined
Robert S. Neuman
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Robert S. Neuman in 2nd studio in Central Square, 1967.
Robert S. Neuman
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Robert Neuman in early studio at Central Square, Cambridge, MA in 1960.
Robert S. Neuman
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Pedazos del Mundos #6 by Robert S. Neuman, 1961.
Robert S. Neuman
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Space Signs Number 3 by Robert S. Neuman. Painted in 1968.
26.
Toyin Odutola
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Toyin Ojih Odutola is an artist who was born in Ife, Nigeria. She received a BA in Studio Art and Communications from the University of Alabama in Huntsville in 2008 and she also received her MFA from California College of the Arts in 2012. Forbes featured Odutola in its 2012 list of 30 notable individuals under 30 in the category Art & Style, Odutola is best known for her self-portrait drawings, entirely or primarily done in black pen ink. The National Museum of African Art and the Honolulu Museum of Art are among the collections holding works by Odutola. She is represented by Jack Shainman Gallery in New York City, smalls, Lola, “Toyin Odutola”, Greedmont Park Magazine, No.4. Cotter, Holland, “Museum and Gallery Listings for June 17–23, Toyin Odutola, ‘Maps’ at Jack Shainman Gallery”, The New York Times, abiola, Yomi, “Toyin Odutola, Drawing as a tool for change. Chtena, Natascha, “Interview with artist Toyin Odutola”, Think Africa Press,30 May 2011
Toyin Odutola
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Lonely Chambers (T.O.), 2011, pen ink and marker drawing on paper drawing by Toyin Odutola
27.
Todd Hido
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Todd Hido is an American contemporary artist and photographer. Currently based in San Francisco, much of Hidos work involves photographs of urban and suburban housing across the U. S and he has produced a number of well received books, had his work exhibited widely and included in various public and private collections. Hido graduated in 1991 with a B. F. A. from Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts and School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, between 1991–92 he studied at Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, Rhode Island. In 1996 he gained an M. F. A. from California College of Arts and Crafts, Oakland, California. Hido says he is influenced by Alfred Hitchcock, Edward Hopper, Stephen Shore, Robert Adams, Walker Evans, Nan Goldin, Emmet Gowin, Larry Sultan, Alfred Stieglitz, Andreas Gursky, ISBN 978-1590050958 Edition of 3000 copies. The other volumes are by Abner Nolan, Marianne Mueller and Alec Soth, ISBN 978-1590053683 Todd Hido on Landscapes, Interiors, and the Nude. With an introduction by Gregory Halpern,50 individual cards in a clear plexi box, similar to a pack of playing cards. Published on the occasion of the exhibition, Todd Hido, Selections from a Survey, Khrystyna’s World, September–November 2015, with an essay by Katya Tylevich, Khrystynas World, Detention in the Getaway Car. 7 colour plates and 1 photographic print, every year at Christmas for the past ten years, Todd Hido has traveled to Ohio to visit his parents. During his annual trip home, Hido makes photographs along the road that serves as the namesake for this book. Intimate Distance, Twenty-five Years of Photographs, A Chronological Album, with an essay by David Campany. Los Angeles, CA, Deadbeat Club,2016,8 page zine which folds out to form a poster. San Francisco, CA, Colpa Press,2016, Six 4-color Risograph photographic prints in screen printed envelope. Photographs by Hido and Leon Borensztein, and photographs of images from books by people that have inspired Hido. Photographs by Hido, paintings by 3rd grade students, nazraeli Press Six by Six, set 1 v.4. The other volumes are by Anthony Hernandez, Raymond Meeks, Martin Parr, Toshio Shibata, Alec Soths Lonely Boy Mag 2, Boys and Their Cars. St. Paul, MN, Little Brown Mushroom,2011, text and photographs by Todd Hido, Alec Soth, Chad States and erotic dioramas by Peter Davidson. A boxed set of ten books of photographs taken on 21 June 2010, San Francisco, Pier 24 Photography,2011
Todd Hido
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Todd Hido
