1.
Eric C. Bauman
–
Eric Carl Bauman is an American political operative who is known for his influence in Los Angeles County Democratic politics. He has been the Vice Chair of the California Democratic Party since 2009, born in Bronx, New York, Bauman worked as a registered nurse for many years before entering politics. He obtained his bachelors degree in nursing from Excelsior College, University of the State of New York and he also obtained graduate education in Health Care Administration from Century University, now known as American Century University. He lives in North Hollywood with his husband of many years, erics cousin is musician Jon Bowzer Bauman. Bauman is chair of the Los Angeles County Democratic Party, the largest local Democratic Party entity in the United States, Bauman has been referred to as a kingmaker in Los Angeles County Democratic politics by the LA Weekly. His leadership has brought its share of critiques, Bauman has been known to send cease and desist letters to those who falsely imply an official connection to the Democratic Party. He was ranked #11 on the Capitol Weeklys Top 100″ in 2016, saying, Eric Bauman, born in the Bronx, N. Y. has been the chair of the L. A. County Democratic Party since 2000 and he’s making a run at the chairmanship of the California Democratic Party, the chances are, Bauman will get the statewide job, according to the people we talked to. In 2015, Capitol Weekly named him #20, and in 2014, under his leadership, the LA Democratic Party has been awarded 15 Pollie Awards and 3 Reed Awards. Bauman is regularly quoted by the Los Angeles Times and often appears on Cable News Network and KTTV Fox 11 News on issues relating to Los Angeles County and he is a senior adviser to Speaker of the Assembly Anthony Rendon. Eric makes regular appearances on Charter Communications California Edition. Bauman Personal website Los Angeles County Democratic Party, Meet the Chair Los Angeles County Democratic Party California Democratic Party, Officers California Democratic Party
Eric C. Bauman
–
Eric C. Bauman
2.
Anthony Rendon (politician)
–
Anthony Rendon is an American politician currently serving as the Speaker of the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 63rd Assembly District in southeastern Los Angeles County, Rendon was born on March 4,1968 in Silver Lake, a neighborhood in central Los Angeles. His grandparents immigrated from Mexico to the United States during the 1920s and he grew up in a lower-middle-class family that frequently moved around the Los Angeles area. His father, Tom Rendon, worked multiple jobs, including for a home company. Rendon attended California High School, Whittier, graduating in 1986 and he has stated that he was a terrible student who benefited from social safety net programs like affirmative action and food stamps. After receiving a National Endowment for the Humanities fellowship, Rendon earned his Ph. D. in political science from the University of California, Riverside and he completed post-doctoral work at Boston University. He was also the executive director of the California League of Conservation Voters. He worked with the Mexican American Opportunity Foundation in early education efforts. From 2001 to 2008, he was a professor in the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice at California State University. In 2013, Rendon authored Assembly Bill 711, a ban on lead hunting ammunition. In 2015, Rendon was named chair of the Assembly Committee on Utilities, on September 3,2015, Rendon was selected to be the next Assembly Speaker. The formal vote electing Mr. Rendon as Speaker occurred on January 11, the vote was unanimous, with the Republican leader seconding the motion. Rendon has stated his intention to bring back the tradition of past California Assembly Speakers of carrying no legislation himself, in December 2014, Rendon married Annie Lam in a ceremony officiated by former California State Assembly Speaker John A. Pérez
Anthony Rendon (politician)
–
Anthony Rendon
3.
List of Speakers of the California State Assembly
–
This is a list of Speakers of the California State Assembly. It does not number those individuals who serving abbreviated terms, nor those serving during a session called by the Governor for a narrowly defined agenda. Office of the Chief Clerk of the Assembly, archived from the original on June 20,2007
List of Speakers of the California State Assembly
–
2.
John Bigler
List of Speakers of the California State Assembly
–
7.
James T. Farley
List of Speakers of the California State Assembly
–
22.
Campbell Polson Berry
List of Speakers of the California State Assembly
–
28.
Frank Leslie Coombs
4.
Sacramento
–
Sacramento is the capital city of the U. S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. It is at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the portion of Californias expansive Central Valley. Its estimated 2014 population of 485,199 made it the sixth-largest city in California, Sacramento is the cultural and economic core of the Sacramento metropolitan area, which includes seven counties with a 2010 population of 2,414,783. In 2002, the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for Time magazine named Sacramento Americas Most Diverse City, Sacramento became a city through the efforts of the Swiss immigrant John Sutter, Sr. his son John Augustus Sutter, Jr. and James W. Marshall. Sacramento grew quickly thanks to the protection of Sutters Fort, which was established by Sutter in 1839, the city was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santísimo Sacramento, California State University, Sacramento, is the largest university in the city and one of 23 campuses in the California State University system. University of the Pacific is a university with one of its three campuses in Sacramento. In addition, the University of California, Davis, located in nearby Davis, operates its UC Davis Medical Center, nisenan and Plains Miwok Native Americans had lived in the area for perhaps thousands of years. Unlike the settlers who would eventually make Sacramento their home, these Native Americans left little evidence of their existence. Traditionally, their diet was dominated by acorns taken from the oak trees in the region, and by fruits, bulbs, seeds. In 1808, the Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga discovered and named the Sacramento Valley, a Spanish writer with the Moraga expedition wrote, Canopies of oaks and cottonwoods, many festooned with grapevines, overhung both sides of the blue current. Birds chattered in the trees and big fish darted through the pellucid depths, the air was like champagne, and drank deep of it, drank in the beauty around them. The valley and the river were then christened after the Most Holy Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ, John Sutter first arrived on August 13,1839 at the divergence of the American and Sacramento Rivers with a Mexican land grant of 50,000 acres. The next year, he and his party established Sutters Fort, representing Mexico, Sutter called his colony New Helvetia, a Swiss inspired name, and was the political authority and dispenser of justice in the new settlement. Soon, the colony began to grow as more and more pioneers headed west, within just a few short years, John Sutter had become a grand success, owning a ten-acre orchard and a herd of thirteen thousand cattle. Fort Sutter became a stop for the increasing number of immigrants coming through the valley. In 1847, Sutter hired James Marshall to build a sawmill so that he could continue to expand his empire, Sutter received 2,000 fruit trees in 1847, which started the agriculture industry in the Sacramento Valley. In 1848, when gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutters Mill in Coloma and he hired topographical engineer William H
Sacramento
Sacramento
Sacramento
Sacramento
5.
Modern liberalism in the United States
–
Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States. It is characterized by social liberalism, and combines ideas of liberty and equality with support for social justice. The term modern liberalism in this article refers only to the United States, in a global context, this philosophy is usually referred to as social liberalism. The American modern liberal philosophy strongly endorses public spending on such as education, health care. Important social issues today include addressing inequality, voting rights for minorities, affirmative action, reproductive and other rights, support for LGBT rights. American liberals oppose conservatives on most issues, but not all, Modern liberalism is historically related to social liberalism and progressivism, though the current relationship between liberal and progressive viewpoints is debated. John F. Kennedy defined a liberal as follows, keynesian economic theory has played an important role in the economic philosophy of modern American liberals. Modern American liberals generally believe that national prosperity requires government management of the macroeconomy, in order to keep unemployment low, inflation in check and they also value institutions that defend against economic inequality. In The Conscience of a Liberal Paul Krugman writes, I believe in an equal society, supported by institutions that limit extremes of wealth. I believe in democracy, civil liberties, and the rule of law and that makes me a liberal, and Im proud of it. Liberals often point to the prosperity enjoyed under a mixed economy in the years since World War II. They believe liberty exists when access to necessities like health care and economic opportunity are available to all, Modern American liberalism is typically associated with the Democratic Party, as modern American conservatism is typically associated with the Republican Party. Today the word liberalism is used differently in different countries, one of the greatest contrasts is between the usage in the United States and usage in Europe. According to Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. Liberalism in the American usage has little in common with the word as used in the politics of any European country, save possibly Britain. In Europe, liberalism, usually means what is called classical liberalism, a commitment to limited government, laissez-faire economics. This classical liberalism sometimes more closely corresponds to the American definition of libertarianism, in the United States, the general term liberalism will almost always refer to modern liberalism, a more social variant of classical liberalism. A2015 Gallup poll found that liberal views have consistently been on the rise in America since 1999. As of 2015, there is an equal number of socially liberal Americans and socially conservative Americans
Modern liberalism in the United States
–
Bill Clinton and
Tony Blair, adherents of the Third Way
Modern liberalism in the United States
–
Gallup Poll trends in ideological self-identification.
6.
Progressivism in the United States
–
Progressivism in the United States is a broadly based reform movement that reached its height early in the 20th century and is generally considered to be middle class and reformist in nature. It arose as a response to the vast changes brought by modernization, such as the growth of corporations and railroads. In the 21st century, progressives continue to embrace concepts such as environmentalism, Social progressivism, the view that governmental practices ought to be adjusted as society evolves, forms the ideological basis for many American progressives. Historian Alonzo Hamby defined progressivism as the movement that addresses ideas, impulses. Emerging at the end of the century, it established much of the tone of American politics throughout the first half of the century. Many of the principles of the Progressive Movement focused on the need for efficiency in all areas of society. The real enemy was particularism, state rights, limited government, Progressives repeatedly warned that illegal voting was corrupting the political system. It especially identified big-city bosses, working with saloon keepers and precinct workers, the solution to purifying the vote included prohibition, voter registration requirements, and literacy tests. All the Southern states used devices to disenfranchise black voters during the Progressive Era, typically the progressive elements in those states pushed for disenfranchisement, often fighting against the conservatism of the Black Belt whites. A major reason given was that whites routinely purchased black votes to control elections, in the North, Progressives such as William URen and Robert La Follette argued that the average citizen should have more control over his government. The Oregon System of Initiative, Referendum, and Recall was exported to many states, including Idaho, Washington, many progressives, such as George M. Forbes, president of Rochesters Board of Education, hoped to make government in the U. S. Progressives in the South supported the elimination of supposedly corrupt black voters from the election booth, while the ultimate significance of the progressive movement on todays politics is still up for debate, Alonzo L. Hamby asks, What were the central themes that emerged from the cacophony. And what was the impact of American foreign policy, were the progressives isolationists or interventionists. Imperialists or advocates of national self-determination, and whatever they were, what was their motivation. Not surprisingly many battered scholars began to shout no mas, in 1970, Peter Filene declared that the term progressivism had become meaningless. The Progressives typically concentrated on city and state government, looking for waste and these changes led to a more structured system, power that had been centralized within the legislature would now be more locally focused. These changes led to a solid type of municipal administration compared to the old system that was underdeveloped. The Progressives mobilized concerned middle class voters, as well as newspapers and magazines, to identify problems and concentrate reform sentiment on specific problems
Progressivism in the United States
–
Woman marching for the right to vote, 1912
Progressivism in the United States
–
"The Bosses of the Senate", a cartoon by
Joseph Keppler depicting corporate interests–from steel, copper, oil, iron, sugar, tin, and coal to paper bags, envelopes, and salt–as giant money bags looming over the tiny senators at their desks in the Chamber of the
United States Senate.
Progressivism in the United States
–
A poster highlighting situation of child labor in USA in early 20th century
Progressivism in the United States
–
Upton Sinclair's
The Jungle exposed Americans to the horrors of the Chicago meatpacking plants
7.
Social liberalism
–
Social liberalism is a political ideology that believes individual liberty requires a level of social justice. Under social liberalism, the good of the community is viewed as harmonious with the freedom of the individual, Social liberal policies have been widely adopted in much of the capitalist world, particularly following World War II. Social liberal ideas and parties tend to be considered centrist or centre-left, a reaction against social liberalism in the late twentieth century, often called neoliberalism, led to monetarist economic policies and a reduction in government provision of services. However, governments continued to provide services and retained control over economic policy. In American political usage, the social liberalism describes progressive stances on socio-political issues like abortion, same-sex marriage or gun control. A social liberal in this sense may hold either liberal or conservative views on fiscal policy, some Victorian writers—including Charles Dickens, Thomas Carlyle, and Matthew Arnold—became early influential critics of social injustice. John Stuart Mill contributed enormously to liberal thought by combining elements of liberalism with what eventually became known as the new liberalism. More positive and proactive measures were required to ensure that individual would have an equal opportunity of success. What they proposed is now called social liberalism, in their view, the poverty, squalor and ignorance in which many people lived made it impossible for freedom and individuality to flourish. New Liberals believed that conditions could be ameliorated only through collective action coordinated by a strong, welfare-oriented. What was new in these reforms was the assumption that the state could be a positive force. Was not how much the state left people alone, but whether he gave them the capacity to fill themselves as individuals, schulze-Delitzsch is also known as the founding father of the German cooperative movement and is credited as the organiser of the worlds first credit unions. But their ideas found relatively few supporters among the liberal politicians, one of the first German authors to propose the term and concept of social liberalism was the historian and economist Ignaz Jastrow. He published the manifesto Social-liberal, Tasks for Liberalism in Prussia in 1893 and this project was however rejected by Social Democrats and failed. Naumann called this a proletarian-bourgeois integral liberalism, the new group advocated, among other things, increased social welfare legislation, the right to strike, and profit-sharing in industry. Although the party was unable to win any seats and soon dissolved, the left-liberal German Democratic Party during the Weimar Republic included both classically and economically liberal and social-liberal currents. They explained that a division of labor caused greater opportunity and individualism. They argued that the individual had a debt to society, promoting progressive taxation to support public works, however, they wanted the state to coordinate rather than to manage, and they encouraged cooperative insurance schemes among individuals
Social liberalism
–
L.T. Hobhouse
Social liberalism
–
T.H. Green
Social liberalism
–
Friedrich Naumann
Social liberalism
–
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd
President of the United States, his
New Deal domestic policies defined
American liberalism for the middle third of the 20th century.
8.
Democratic Party (United States)
–
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
Democratic Party (United States)
–
Andrew Jackson was the first Democratic
President of the United States
Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party (United States)
–
The three leaders of the Democratic party during the first half of the 20th century: President
Woodrow Wilson (nominated in 1912 and '16) Sec. of State
William J. Bryan (nominated in 1896, 1900 and 1908),
Josephus Daniels,
Breckinridge Long,
William Phillips, and
Franklin D. Roosevelt (nominated for VP in 1920 and for president in 1932, 36,'40 and 44)
Democratic Party (United States)
–
John F. Kennedy,
35th President of the United States (1961–1963)
9.
Blue
–
Blue is the colour between violet and green on the optical spectrum of visible light. Human eyes perceive blue when observing light with a wavelength between 450 and 495 nanometres, which is between 4500 and 4950 ångströms. Blues with a frequency and thus a shorter wavelength gradually look more violet, while those with a lower frequency. Pure blue, in the middle, has a wavelength of 470 nanometers, in painting and traditional colour theory, blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments, along with red and yellow, which can be mixed to form a wide gamut of colours. Red and blue mixed together form violet, blue and yellow together form green, Blue is also a primary colour in the RGB colour model, used to create all the colours on the screen of a television or computer monitor. The clear sky and the sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering. When sunlight passes through the atmosphere, the wavelengths are scattered more widely by the oxygen and nitrogen molecules. An optical effect called Tyndall scattering, similar to Rayleigh scattering, explains blue eyes, distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective. Blue has been used for art and decoration since ancient times and it is the most important color in Judaism. In the Middle Ages, cobalt blue was used to colour the stained glass windows of cathedrals, beginning in the 9th century, Chinese artists used cobalt to make fine blue and white porcelain. Blue dyes for clothing were made from woad in Europe and indigo in Asia, in 1828 a synthetic ultramarine pigment was developed, and synthetic blue dyes and pigments gradually replaced mineral pigments and vegetable dyes. Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Vincent van Gogh and other late 19th century painters used ultramarine and cobalt blue not just to depict nature, in the late 18th century and 19th century, blue became a popular colour for military uniforms and police uniforms. In the 20th century, because blue was associated with harmony, it was chosen as the colour of the flags of the United Nations. Surveys in the US and Europe show that blue is the colour most commonly associated with harmony, faithfulness, confidence, distance, infinity, the imagination, cold, and sometimes with sadness. In US and European public opinion polls it is the most popular colour, Blue is the colour of light between violet and green on the visible spectrum. Blues also vary in shade or tint, darker shades of blue contain black or grey, darker shades of blue include ultramarine, cobalt blue, navy blue, and Prussian blue, while lighter tints include sky blue, azure, and Egyptian blue. Today most blue pigments and dyes are made by a chemical process, the modern English word blue comes from Middle English bleu or blewe, from the Old French bleu, a word of Germanic origin, related to the Old High German word blao. In heraldry, the azure is used for blue
Blue
–
Sky blue or pale
azure, mid-way on the RBG colour wheel between blue and cyan.
Blue
–
Blue
Blue
–
Extract of natural
indigo, the most popular blue dye before the invention of synthetic dyes. It was the colour of the first
blue jeans.
Blue
–
A block of
lapis lazuli, originally used to make ultramarine.
10.
List of United States Senators from California
–
California elects United States Senators to Class 1 and Class 3. The state has been represented by 44 people in the Senate and its current Senators are Democrats Dianne Feinstein and Kamala Harris. As of January 2017, there are four former U. S, Senators from the U. S. State of California who are currently living at this time, three from Class 1 and one from Class 3. The most recent senator to die was Pierre Salinger of Class 1 on October 16,2004, the most recent Class 3 senator to die was Alan Cranston on December 31,2000. The most recently serving Class 1 senator to die was S. I, States in the Senate – Californias United States Senators. Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, the Senate, 1789-1989, Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. List of United States Representatives from California United States congressional delegations from California
List of United States Senators from California
–
John C. Frémont
List of United States Senators from California
–
William M. Gwin
List of United States Senators from California
–
John B. Weller
List of United States Senators from California
–
David C. Broderick
11.
Government of California
–
The government of California is the governmental structure of the state of California as established by the California Constitution. The state also allows participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall. Californias elected executive officers are, All offices are elected separately to concurrent four-year terms, the Lieutenant Governor is the President of the California Senate and acts as the governor when the Governor is unable to execute the office, including whenever the Governor leaves the state. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor also serve as ex officio members of the University of California Board of Regents, Regulatory activity is published in the California Regulatory Notice Register and the general and permanent rules and regulations are codified in the California Code of Regulations. State government is organized into departments, of which most are grouped together into several huge Cabinet-level agencies. These agencies are sometimes referred to as superagencies, especially by government officials. Examples include the, Regents of the University of California California Public Utilities Commission The California State Legislature is the state legislature. It is a body consisting of the California State Assembly, the lower house with 80 members, and the California State Senate. Members of the Assembly serve two-year terms, members of the Senate serve four-year terms, the Speaker of the California State Assembly presides over the State Assembly. The Lieutenant Governor is the ex officio President of the Senate and may break a tied vote, the Legislature meets in the California State Capitol in Sacramento. Its session laws are published in the California Statutes and codified into the 29 California Codes, the state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall and ratification. The Judiciary of California interprets and applies the law, and is defined under the Constitution, law, the judiciary has a hierarchical structure with the Supreme Court at the apex. The Superior Courts are the trial courts, and the Courts of Appeal are the primary appellate courts. The Judicial Council is the arm of the judiciary. The California Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of California, the Courts of Appeal are the intermediate appellate courts. The state is divided into six appellate districts. Notably, all published California appellate decisions are binding on all Superior Courts, as mandated by the Constitution, each of the 58 counties has a superior court. It ranked particularly low in public access to information and judicial transparency, in 2005, Pew Research Centers Government Performance Project gave California a grade C-, tied for last with Alabama
Government of California
–
Jerry Brown (D)
Governor
Government of California
–
California
Government of California
–
Gavin Newsom (D)
Lieutenant Governor
Government of California
–
Kamala Harris (D)
Attorney General
12.
California State Senate
–
The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature. The legislative body consists of 40 members, with each member representing approximately 931,000 people, due to the states large population and relatively small legislature, the State Senate has the largest population per representative ratio of any state legislative house. Each member roughly represents a population equivalent to the state of Delaware, the State Senate convenes at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. In the current session, Democrats control 27 seats, comprising a two-thirds supermajority of the chamber, prior to 1968, state senate districts were drawn so that each county had at most one state senator. This led to the situation of a populous county such as Los Angeles County being accorded the same number of senators as less populous counties such as Humboldt County. In Reynolds v. Sims, the United States Supreme Court compelled all states to draw up districts with equal population, as such, boundaries were changed to provide more equitable representation. The Lieutenant Governor is the ex officio President of the Senate, the President pro tempore is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full senate. Other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their party caucuses according to each partys strength in the chamber. The current president pro tem is Democrat Kevin de León, the minority leader is Republican Jean Fuller. The red tones of the California State Senate Chamber are based on the British House of Lords, the dais rests along a wall shaped like an E, with its central projection housing the rostrum. Along the cornice appears a portrait of George Washington and the Latin quotation, almost every decorating element is identical to the Assembly Chamber. The Secretary, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature
California State Senate
California State Senate
–
California State Senate
13.
California State Assembly
–
The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people, members of the assembly are generally referred to using the titles assemblyman, assemblywoman, or assemblymember. The State Assembly convenes at the California State Capitol in Sacramento, in the current session, the Democrats control 55 seats, forming a supermajority of the chamber. The Speaker presides over the State Assembly in the leadership position, controlling the flow of legislation. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full assembly, other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each partys strength in the chamber. The current Speaker is Democrat Anthony Rendon, the majority leader is Democrat Ian Calderon, while the minority leader is Republican Chad Mayes. The chambers green tones are based on the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, the dais rests along a wall shaped like an E, with its central projection housing the rostrum. Along the cornice appears a portrait of Abraham Lincoln and a Latin quotation, almost every decorating element is identical to the Senate Chamber. According to Article 4, Section 2 of the California Constitution, the Chief Clerk, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature. The Sergeant-at-Arms protects the members of the California State Assembly and this position has existed since December 15,1849, when Samuel N. Houston became the Assemblys first Sergeant-at-Arms. The Chief Clerk, the acting Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplains are not members of the Legislature
California State Assembly
California State Assembly
–
California State Assembly
14.
Politics of California
–
The recent and current politics of the U. S. state of California are complex and involve a number of entrenched interests. Members of the Big Five meet in private to discuss bills pending in the legislature, because the party caucus leaders in Californias legislature also control the partys legislative campaign funds, the leaders wield tremendous power over their caucus members. They are thus able to some influence in their caucuss votes in Big Five meetings. Only the Democratic Party and Republican Party currently have representation in the State Legislature, however, for a brief period around the turn of the 21st century, one member of the Green Party was a member of the State Assembly, representing the eastern San Francisco Bay Area. Local elections in California at the county and city level are officially non-partisan, the two major political parties in California that currently have representation in the State Legislature and U. S. Congress are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. There are four parties that qualify for official ballot status, the American Independent Party, Green Party, Libertarian Party. Additionally, the constitution establishes mandatory funding levels for some agencies, programs. This issue came to the forefront when Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and the California Legislature attempted to cut spending to close the states budget deficits during the 2000s. A failure to pass a budget until almost three months after the constitutional deadline, northern Californias inland areas, the Central Valley, and Southern California outside Los Angeles County are mostly Republican areas. Coastal California, including areas as the San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles County. As most of the population is in Los Angeles County and the San Francisco Bay Area, California was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections from 1952 until 1992. During this period, the Republicans won California in every election except the election of 1964, in these years, the GOP regularly nominated Californians as presidential candidates, Richard Nixon in 1960 and 1972, and Ronald Reagan in 1980 and 1984. Since then however, the Democrats have carried the rich state since 1992. Among the states divisive issues are water and water rights, resulting in the California Water Wars, lacking reliable dry season rainfall, water is limited and available surface sources are extensively developed through dams, canals, and pipelines. The principal water sources are runoff from wet season rains and higher altitude snowpack, wells. Waste water reclamation in California is already routine, most water is in the north of the State, while agriculture, the largest user of stored water in California, is most prevalent in the central and southern areas. Additionally, the majority of the population is in the south. Water viewed as excess by the south is viewed by the north as environmentally essential for agriculture, fisheries, high land prices mean that ordinary people keep a large proportion of their net worth in land
Politics of California
–
California
15.
List of political parties in California
–
The recent and current politics of the U. S. state of California are complex and involve a number of entrenched interests. Members of the Big Five meet in private to discuss bills pending in the legislature, because the party caucus leaders in Californias legislature also control the partys legislative campaign funds, the leaders wield tremendous power over their caucus members. They are thus able to some influence in their caucuss votes in Big Five meetings. Only the Democratic Party and Republican Party currently have representation in the State Legislature, however, for a brief period around the turn of the 21st century, one member of the Green Party was a member of the State Assembly, representing the eastern San Francisco Bay Area. Local elections in California at the county and city level are officially non-partisan, the two major political parties in California that currently have representation in the State Legislature and U. S. Congress are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. There are four parties that qualify for official ballot status, the American Independent Party, Green Party, Libertarian Party. Additionally, the constitution establishes mandatory funding levels for some agencies, programs. This issue came to the forefront when Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and the California Legislature attempted to cut spending to close the states budget deficits during the 2000s. A failure to pass a budget until almost three months after the constitutional deadline, northern Californias inland areas, the Central Valley, and Southern California outside Los Angeles County are mostly Republican areas. Coastal California, including areas as the San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles County. As most of the population is in Los Angeles County and the San Francisco Bay Area, California was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections from 1952 until 1992. During this period, the Republicans won California in every election except the election of 1964, in these years, the GOP regularly nominated Californians as presidential candidates, Richard Nixon in 1960 and 1972, and Ronald Reagan in 1980 and 1984. Since then however, the Democrats have carried the rich state since 1992. Among the states divisive issues are water and water rights, resulting in the California Water Wars, lacking reliable dry season rainfall, water is limited and available surface sources are extensively developed through dams, canals, and pipelines. The principal water sources are runoff from wet season rains and higher altitude snowpack, wells. Waste water reclamation in California is already routine, most water is in the north of the State, while agriculture, the largest user of stored water in California, is most prevalent in the central and southern areas. Additionally, the majority of the population is in the south. Water viewed as excess by the south is viewed by the north as environmentally essential for agriculture, fisheries, high land prices mean that ordinary people keep a large proportion of their net worth in land
List of political parties in California
–
California
16.
Elections in California
–
Elections in California are held to fill various local, state and federal seats. In California, regular elections are held every year, however. Special elections may be held to fill vacancies at other points in time, recall elections can also be held. Additionally, statewide initiatives, legislative referrals and referenda may be on the ballot, every four years, the United States holds an indirect election for President and Vice President. In such elections, voters cast their votes for a slate of representatives who have pledged to cast their votes for a particular presidential and vice presidential candidate in the Electoral College. During the election, the voters of the state select the slate of electors on the ballot by voting for the ticket that they are pledged to, the slate of electors pledged to the ticket with the most votes statewide gets to vote in the Electoral College. Although, the electors are not obligated to vote for the candidates they are pledged to, the number of electors the state is allocated is equal to the number representatives in Congress that the state has. California has an election every four years and, in 2003. Primary elections were held in March or June until 2008, when they were held in February, general elections, which cover statewide issues, are held in November. On a county-by-county basis, elections also cover municipal issues, in addition, a special election can occur at any time. In this system voters may vote for any candidate in the primary, elections for President, Vice President, political party state central committees, and county central committees are party-nominated. Candidates may qualify in one of two ways, by payment of a fee, or by the collection of registered voters signatures on an in-lieu-of-filing-fee petition, candidates must also file a candidate intention statement with the Secretary of State, as well as nomination forms with their home county. However, Audie Bock, a member of the Green Party, was elected in 1999 during what is known as special election musical chairs, local elections in California at the county and city level are officially non-partisan and political party affiliations are not included on local election ballots. A ballot proposition is a law that is submitted to the electorate for approval in a direct vote. It may take the form of an amendment or an ordinary statute. A ballot proposition may be proposed by the State Legislature or by a signed by members of the public under the initiative system. November 6,2018, United States gubernatorial elections, 2018#California See lists on the side for past election results. S
Elections in California
–
Elections in California
17.
California Department of Education
–
The California Department of Education is an agency within the Government of California that oversees public education. Its headquarters are located in the capital city of Sacramento. The department oversees funding and testing, and holds local educational agencies accountable for student achievement and its stated mission is to provide leadership, assistance, oversight, and resources so that every Californian has access to a good education. The State Board of Education is the governing and policy-making body, the current Superintendent of Public Instruction is Tom Torlakson. The Superintendent serves as the chief spokesperson for public schools. He also serves as an ex member of governing boards of the states higher education system. In 1920, the California State Legislatures Special Legislative Committee on Education conducted an investigation of Californias educational system. This created a rather bizarre administrative situation from 1921 to 1960, at least one president would depart his state college because of his express frustration over that issue. The State Teachers Colleges were renamed State Colleges in 1935, but retained the same legal status
California Department of Education
–
California Department of Education
18.
California
–
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
–
A forest of redwood trees in
Redwood National Park
California
–
Flag
California
–
Mount Shasta
California
–
Aerial view of the
California Central Valley
19.
Sacramento, California
–
Sacramento is the capital city of the U. S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. It is at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the portion of Californias expansive Central Valley. Its estimated 2014 population of 485,199 made it the sixth-largest city in California, Sacramento is the cultural and economic core of the Sacramento metropolitan area, which includes seven counties with a 2010 population of 2,414,783. In 2002, the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for Time magazine named Sacramento Americas Most Diverse City, Sacramento became a city through the efforts of the Swiss immigrant John Sutter, Sr. his son John Augustus Sutter, Jr. and James W. Marshall. Sacramento grew quickly thanks to the protection of Sutters Fort, which was established by Sutter in 1839, the city was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santísimo Sacramento, California State University, Sacramento, is the largest university in the city and one of 23 campuses in the California State University system. University of the Pacific is a university with one of its three campuses in Sacramento. In addition, the University of California, Davis, located in nearby Davis, operates its UC Davis Medical Center, nisenan and Plains Miwok Native Americans had lived in the area for perhaps thousands of years. Unlike the settlers who would eventually make Sacramento their home, these Native Americans left little evidence of their existence. Traditionally, their diet was dominated by acorns taken from the oak trees in the region, and by fruits, bulbs, seeds. In 1808, the Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga discovered and named the Sacramento Valley, a Spanish writer with the Moraga expedition wrote, Canopies of oaks and cottonwoods, many festooned with grapevines, overhung both sides of the blue current. Birds chattered in the trees and big fish darted through the pellucid depths, the air was like champagne, and drank deep of it, drank in the beauty around them. The valley and the river were then christened after the Most Holy Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ, John Sutter first arrived on August 13,1839 at the divergence of the American and Sacramento Rivers with a Mexican land grant of 50,000 acres. The next year, he and his party established Sutters Fort, representing Mexico, Sutter called his colony New Helvetia, a Swiss inspired name, and was the political authority and dispenser of justice in the new settlement. Soon, the colony began to grow as more and more pioneers headed west, within just a few short years, John Sutter had become a grand success, owning a ten-acre orchard and a herd of thirteen thousand cattle. Fort Sutter became a stop for the increasing number of immigrants coming through the valley. In 1847, Sutter hired James Marshall to build a sawmill so that he could continue to expand his empire, Sutter received 2,000 fruit trees in 1847, which started the agriculture industry in the Sacramento Valley. In 1848, when gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutters Mill in Coloma and he hired topographical engineer William H
Sacramento, California
Sacramento, California
Sacramento, California
Sacramento, California
20.
United States Representative
–
The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
United States Representative
–
United States House of Representatives
United States Representative
–
Seal of the House
United States Representative
–
Republican
Thomas Brackett Reed, occasionally ridiculed as "Czar Reed", was a U.S. Representative from
Maine, and
Speaker of the House from 1889 to 1891 and from 1895 to 1899.
United States Representative
–
House Speaker
Nancy Pelosi, Majority Leader
Steny Hoyer, and Education and Labor Committee Chairman
George Miller confer with President
Barack Obama at the
Oval Office in 2009.
21.
John L. Burton
–
John Lowell Burton is the Chairman of the California Democratic Party since April 2009 and a professor of California Politics at San Francisco State University. He is an American politician who served in the California State Assembly, in the U. S. House of Representatives, in the State Assembly again, and in the California State Senate. Burton earned a BA degree in science in 1954 from San Francisco State University and was the University’s Alumnus of the Year in 1998. From 1998 until he was forced out of office by term limits in 2004, prior to his time in the Senate, he served in the California State Assembly from 1965 until 1974, and again from 1988 until 1996. He was originally elected to the Assembly to succeed his brother Phillip Burton and he was returned to the Assembly in a 1988 special election to succeed Art Agnos, who had been elected Mayor of San Francisco. Burton also served in the U. S. House of Representatives, alongside his brother, from 1975 until 1982, when he resigned. As a legislator, Burton was known for expanding the Cal Grant scholarship program, in February 2007 he was appointed board member of the University of Phoenix. On April 26,2009, Burton was elected chair of the California Democratic Party and he received roughly 76% of the vote, over his sole challenger, Chris Finnie of Santa Cruz. Burton is a graduate of the University of San Francisco School of Law, in 2008, Burton settled a $10 million sexual harassment lawsuit filed by Kathleen Driscoll, then the executive director of his charitable foundation for homeless children. Driscoll claimed Burton repeatedly swore at her and directed lewd and suggestive comments regularly, biographical Directory of the United States Congress
John L. Burton
–
John L. Burton
22.
California State Legislature
–
The California State Legislature is the state legislature of the U. S. state of California. It is a body consisting of the lower house, the California State Assembly, with 80 members, and the upper house. New legislators convene each new session, to organize, in the Assembly and Senate Chambers, respectively. Aside from the recess, the legislature is in session year-round, the Democratic Party currently holds supermajorities in both chambers of the California Legislature. The state senate currently consists of 27 Democrats and 13 Republicans, except for the period from 1995 to 1996, the Assembly has been in Democratic hands since the 1970 election. The Senate has been in Democratic hands continuously since 1970, the first Californian State House was originally a hotel in San Jose owned by businessman Pierre Don Pedro Sainsevain and his associates. The State Legislature currently meets in the California State Capitol in Sacramento, members of the Assembly are elected from 80 districts and serve two-year terms. Members of the Senate are elected from forty districts and serve four-year terms, twenty Senate seats are up for election at each two-year election cycle. Term limits were established in 1990 following the passage of Proposition 140. In June 2012, voters approved Proposition 28 which allows legislators to serve a maximum of 12 years without regard to whether the years are served in the State Assembly or the State Senate. The proceedings of the California State Legislature are briefly summarized in regularly published journals, which show votes, reports produced by California executive agencies, as well as the Legislature, were published in the Appendices to the Journals from 1849 to 1970. Since the 1990s, the legislature has provided a video feed for its sessions. Due to the expense and the obvious political downside, California did not keep records of actual speeches made by members of the Assembly. As a result, reconstructing legislative intent outside of an acts preamble is extremely difficult in California for legislation passed before the 1990s. Since 1993, the Legislature has hosted a web/ftp site in one form or another, the most sought-after legislative committee appointments are to banking, agriculture and insurance. A bill is a proposal to change, repeal, or add to existing state law, an Assembly Bill is one introduced in the Assembly, a Senate Bill, in the Senate. Bills are designated by number, in the order of introduction in each house, for example, AB16 refers to the 16th bill introduced in the Assembly. The numbering starts afresh each session, there may be one or more extraordinary sessions
California State Legislature
California State Legislature
–
California State Legislature
California State Legislature
–
California State Assembly chamber
California State Legislature
–
California State Senate chamber
23.
James Budd
–
James Herbert Budd was an American lawyer and Democratic politician. Budd was born on May 18,1851 in Janesville, Wisconsin, to Joseph H. while in Wisconsin, Joseph was a lawyer and ran Western Novelty Works, a company which put out farm machinery. When Budd was seven years old, he and his emigrated to the West, settling in Stockton. Budd attended local grammar and high schools before attending the University of California, Berkeley, following his graduation, Budd returned to Stockton to study law, being admitted to the California Bar the following year. His public career in the courts began after being appointed the San Joaquin County deputy district attorney, during the 1884 elections, the Democratic Party nominated Budd as its candidate for the 2nd California district in the U. S. House of Representatives. His campaign for the House was based on fighting corruption, going as far as to refuse any travel on railroads altogether during the campaign. Budd won the election, becoming the first Democrat to win the district since the Civil War, once in the U. S. Budd served a single term in the U. S. House of Representatives, refusing the Democratic Party nomination for the 1886 elections. For the 1894 state general elections, Budd was nominated by the state Democratic convention as the nominee for the governorship. Budd also advocated a property assessment ceiling cap of 45 cents per $100 in order to save state expenditures with the looming Long Depression. During the often bitter campaign for the governorship, Budd faced serious allegations brought forth by Republican-sympathizing newspapers that he had raped a teenage maid, Nancy Neff, the papers alleged that Neff had become pregnant, giving birth to a child that shortly died afterwards. After giving birth, Neff was alleged to have contracted smallpox and sent by Budd to a hospice to die, Budd fully denied all the allegations, branding his betrayal of Neff as an infamous falsehood imagined by Republican party machines. Budd did not deny he knew Neff, yet claimed instead that he had acted as a brother to Neff. Despite the serious charges, Budds campaign remained largely successful and he gained favorable attention during the campaign by personally quieting a runaway team of horses, as well as helping extinguish a fire in Willows. In the final results, Budd edged out Republican Party challenger Morris M. Estee by 0. 4%, the strong third place showing of Jonathan V. Webster of the Peoples Party at 18% helped tip the vote balance into Budds favor. It was the first gubernatorial election where the Australian ballot was used in California, due in part to his narrow electoral victory, Republicans alleged Budd had engaged in voter fraud. The California State Assembly investigated these claims through a special committee, the Assembly committees findings concluded that no evidence of vote wrongdoing could be found. Budd became the 19th Governor of California on January 11,1895, Budd desired a Railroad Commission substantially less influenced by the Southern Pacific and other rail monopolies. The Bureau of Highways would later evolve into the California Department of Transportation, the following year, Budd authorized the purchase of the Lake Tahoe Wagon Road, making it the first state highway
James Budd
–
James Herbert Budd
James Budd
–
Governor Budd in his office.
24.
Tariff
–
A tariff is a tax on imports or exports. In other languages and very occasionally in English, tariff or its equivalent may also be used to any list of prices. A customs duty or due is the tax levied on the import or export of goods in international trade. In economic sense, a duty is also a kind of consumption tax, a duty levied on goods being imported is referred to as an import duty. Similarly, a duty levied on exports is called an export duty, a tariff, which is actually a list of commodities along with the leviable rate of customs duty, is popularly referred to as a customs duty. This is no longer the case, Customs duty is calculated on the determination of the assessable value in case of those items for which the duty is levied ad valorem. This is often the transaction value unless a customs officer determines assessable value in accordance with the Harmonized System, However, for certain items like petroleum and alcohol, customs duty is realized at a specific rate applied to the volume of the import or export consignments. For the purpose of assessment of duty, products are given an identification code that has come to be known as the Harmonized System code. This code was developed by the World Customs Organization based in Brussels, a Harmonized System code may be from four to ten digits. For example,17.03 is the HS code for molasses from the extraction or refining of sugar, However, within 17.03, the number 17.03.90 stands for Molasses. Introduction of Harmonized System code in 1990s has largely replaced the Standard International Trade Classification, in drawing up the national tariff, the revenue departments often specifies the rate of customs duty with reference to the HS code of the product. A Customs authority in each country is responsible for collecting taxes on the import into or export of goods out of the country, Evasion of customs duties takes place mainly in two ways. In one, the trader under-declares the value so that the value is lower than actual. In a similar vein, a trader can evade customs duty by understatement of quantity or volume of the product of trade, a trader may also evade duty by misrepresenting traded goods, categorizing goods as items which attract lower customs duties. The Evasion of customs duty may take place with or without the collaboration of customs officials, Evasion of customs duty does not necessarily constitute smuggling. Many countries allow a traveler to bring goods into the country duty-free and these goods may be bought at ports and airports or sometimes within one country without attracting the usual government taxes and then brought into another country duty-free. Some countries impose allowances which limit the number or value of items that one person can bring into the country. These restrictions often apply to tobacco, wine, spirits, cosmetics, gifts, often foreign diplomats and UN officials are entitled to duty-free goods
Tariff
Tariff
–
See also
Protective Tariffs for the policies of using tariffs, and
tariff (disambiguation) for other uses.
Tariff
–
Terminology
25.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
–
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. A Democrat, he won a record four presidential elections and emerged as a figure in world events during the mid-20th century. He directed the United States government during most of the Great Depression and he is often rated by scholars as one of the three greatest U. S. Presidents, along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. Roosevelt was born in 1882 to an old, prominent Dutch family from Dutchess County and he attended the elite educational institutions of Groton School, Harvard College, and Columbia Law School. At age 23 in 1905, he married Eleanor Roosevelt, and he entered politics in 1910, serving in the New York State Senate, and then as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson. In 1920, Roosevelt was presidential candidate James M. Coxs running mate and he was in office from 1929 to 1933 and served as a reform governor, promoting the enactment of programs to combat the depression besetting the United States at the time. In the 1932 presidential election, Roosevelt defeated incumbent Republican president Herbert Hoover in a landslide to win the presidency, Roosevelt took office while in the United States was in the midst of the worst economic crisis in its history. Energized by his victory over polio, FDR relied on his persistent optimism and activism to renew the national spirit. He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers, and to labor union growth while more closely regulating business. His support for the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity, the economy improved rapidly from 1933–37, but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937–38. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court, when the war began and unemployment ended, conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs, the WPA and CCC. However, they kept most of the regulations on business, along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Wagner Act, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Social Security. His goal was to make America the Arsenal of Democracy, which would supply munitions to the Allies, in March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to Britain and China. He supervised the mobilization of the U. S. economy to support the war effort, as an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and initiate the development of the worlds first atomic bomb. His work also influenced the creation of the United Nations. Roosevelts physical health declined during the war years, and he died 11 weeks into his fourth term. One of the oldest Dutch families in New York State, the Roosevelts distinguished themselves in other than politics. One ancestor, Isaac Roosevelt, had served with the New York militia during the American Revolution, Roosevelt attended events of the New York society Sons of the American Revolution, and joined the organization while he was president
Franklin D. Roosevelt
–
Roosevelt in 1933
Franklin D. Roosevelt
–
Roosevelt in 1884, 2 years old.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
–
The birthplace of FDR at Springwood.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
–
Roosevelt sailing with half-niece Helen and father James, 1899.
26.
New Deal
–
The New Deal was a series of programs, including, most notably, Social Security, that were enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938, and a few that came later. They included both laws passed by Congress as well as executive orders during the first term of the Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Republicans were split, with opposing the entire New Deal as an enemy of business and growth. By 1936 the term liberal typically was used for supporters of the New Deal, from 1934 to 1938, Roosevelt was assisted in his endeavours by a pro-spender majority in Congress. In the 1938 midterm elections, however, Roosevelt and his supporters lost control of Congress to the bipartisan conservative coalition. Many historians distinguish between a First New Deal and a Second New Deal, with the one more liberal. The First New Deal dealt with the banking crises through the Emergency Banking Act. The Securities Act of 1933 was enacted to prevent a repeated stock market crash, the controversial work of the National Recovery Administration was also part of the First New Deal. The economic downturn of 1937–38, and the split between the AFL and CIO labor unions led to major Republican gains in Congress in 1938. Conservative Republicans and Democrats in Congress joined in the informal Conservative Coalition, by 1942–43 they shut down relief programs such as the WPA and Civilian Conservation Corps and blocked major liberal proposals. Roosevelt himself turned his attention to the war effort, and won reelection in 1940 and 1944, the Supreme Court declared the National Recovery Administration and the first version of the Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional, however the AAA was rewritten and then upheld. As the first Republican president elected after Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower left the New Deal largely intact, Johnsons Great Society used the New Deal as inspiration for a dramatic expansion of liberal programs, which Republican Richard M. Nixon generally retained. After 1974, however, the call for deregulation of the economy gained bipartisan support, the New Deal regulation of banking was suspended in the 1990s. The largest programs still in existence today are the Social Security System, the phrase New Deal was coined by an adviser to Roosevelt, Stuart Chase. Although the term was used by Mark Twain in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court. From 1929 to 1933 manufacturing output decreased by one third, prices fell by 20%, causing deflation that made repaying debts much harder. Unemployment in the U. S. increased from 4% to 25%, additionally, one-third of all employed persons were downgraded to working part-time on much smaller paychecks. In the aggregate, almost 50% of the nations human work-power was going unused, before the New Deal, there was no insurance on deposits at banks
New Deal
–
Top left: The
Tennessee Valley Authority, part of the New Deal, being signed into law in 1933. Top right: President Roosevelt was responsible for initiatives and programs of the New Deal. Bottom: A public mural from one of the artists employed by the Works Progress Administration, part of the New Deal.
New Deal
–
USA annual real GDP from 1910 to 1960, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–1939) highlighted.
New Deal
–
1935 cartoon by
Vaughn Shoemaker; he parodied the New Deal as a card game with alphabetical agencies.
New Deal
–
Roosevelt's ebullient public personality, conveyed through his declaration that "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself" and his "fireside chats" on the radio did a great deal to help restore the nation's confidence.
27.
Culbert Olson
–
Culbert Levy Olson was an American lawyer and politician. A Democratic Party member, Olson was involved in Utah and California politics and was elected as the 29th governor of California from 1939 to 1943, Olson was born in Fillmore, Utah, the son of Delilah Cornelia and George Daniel Olson, on November 7,1876. Olsons mother was a suffragette and became the first female elected official in Utah, both his mother and father belonged to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. However, Culbert was unconvinced of the existence of God, becoming an atheist at the age of ten, Olsons change of beliefs distanced himself from his parents Mormon beliefs. He was also the first cousin of U. S, senator William H. King, and both were descendants of Edmund Rice, an early immigrant to Massachusetts Bay Colony. Leaving school at the age of 14, Olson worked briefly as an operator and in 1890, enrolled at Brigham Young University in Provo, studying law. Upon graduating at the age of 19 in 1895, Olson embarked on a career as a journalist with the Daily Ogden Standard, during the 1896 Presidential Election, Olson openly campaigned for Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan. During his time in the capital, Olson attended law school at George Washington University, Olson moved back to Utah in 1901, settling in Salt Lake City to join a law practice. Building a reputation of defending trade unionists and political progressives, Olson was elected to the Utah State Senate in 1916. During his four years in the State Senate, Olson wrote and endorsed legislation to end child labor in the state, guarantee old age pensions, Olson declined to run again for the State Senate in the 1920 general election. Instead, Olson relocated to Los Angeles, California, beginning another law practice, Olson campaigned openly for Progressive Party candidate Robert La Follette in the 1924 Elections, and for Democrat Franklin Roosevelt in the 1932 Elections. In 1934, in the middle of the Great Depression, Olson ran as a Democrat for the California State Senate, while Sinclair lost the gubernatorial election to Republican Frank Merriam, Olson was elected to the State Senate that year. While in the California State Senate, the state legislature he was elected to. Seeing large business interests as a barrier to change, Olson wrote the Olson Oil Bill to cut down oil company monopolies in the state. With the open support of President Roosevelt, Olson ran for governor of California in the 1938 general elections against conservative Republican and he was the first Democrat to win the governorship since James Budds election in 1895, breaking the 40 year Republican dynasty over the governorship. Olson was inaugurated as Californias twenty-ninth executive on January 2,1939, Olson refused to say so help me God during his oath of office to state Supreme Court Justice William H. Waste. Olson remarked earlier to Justice Waste that God couldnt help me at all, instead, Olson said, I will affirm. Olsons tenure in the governorship began to a rocky start, Olson collapsed four days after his inauguration
Culbert Olson
–
Culbert Olson
Culbert Olson
–
Governor Olson meets with President Roosevelt in Long Beach, September 1942.
28.
Earl Warren
–
Earl Warren was an American jurist and politician, who served as the 30th Governor of California and later the 14th Chief Justice of the United States. Warren is the person elected to three consecutive terms as Governor of California, and with those three elected terms he is second only to Jerry Brown for total gubernatorial wins in California. Before holding these positions, he was the District Attorney for Alameda County, California, Warren was the nominee of the Republican Party for Vice President in 1948, as the running mate of Thomas E. Dewey. He was appointed to chair what became known as the Warren Commission, which was formed to investigate the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Earl Warren was born in Los Angeles, on March 19,1891, to Mathias H. Warren, a Norwegian immigrant whose family name was Varren, and his wife, Crystal. Mathias Warren was an employee of the Southern Pacific Railroad. After he was blacklisted for joining in a strike, the moved to Bakersfield, California. Matthias worked in a repair yard, and Earl had summer jobs in railroading. Earl Warren grew up in Bakersfield, where he attended Washington Junior High and his father was murdered there by an unknown person during a robbery. In 1912 Warren graduated with a B. A. in political science from the University of California, in 1914 he earned his J. D. at the University of California, Berkeley School of Law. He was a member of The Gun Club secret society, and the Sigma Phi Society, as an undergraduate, Warren also played clarinet in the Cal Band. Warren maintained a friendship with fellow Cal student Robert Gordon Sproul. In 1948, at the Republican National Convention, Sproul would nominate Warren for Vice President, Warren was admitted to the California bar in 1914. Warren worked a year for Associated Oil Company in San Francisco, then joined Robinson & Robinson, in August 1917, Warren enlisted in the U. S. Army for World War I service. Assigned to the 91st Division at Camp Lewis, Washington, 1st Lieutenant Earl Warren was discharged in 1918. After the war, he served as a clerk of the Judicial Committee for the 1919 Session of the California State Assembly, then as the Deputy City Attorney in Oakland, Warren came to the attention of powerful Republican Joseph R. Knowland, publisher of The Oakland Tribune. He was strongly influenced by California Governor Hiram Johnson and other leaders of the Progressive Era to oppose corruption, in 1925, Warren was appointed as the District Attorney of Alameda County. Warren was re-elected to three four-year terms, Warren vigorously investigated allegations that a deputy sheriff was taking bribes in connection with street-paving arrangements
Earl Warren
–
Earl Warren
Earl Warren
–
Warren as Governor of California
Earl Warren
–
Governor Warren meets a young "gold miner" as part of the California centennials, 1948–50
29.
Cold war
–
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc and powers in the Western Bloc. Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine was announced, and 1991, the year the Soviet Union collapsed. The term cold is used there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides, although there were major regional wars, known as proxy wars, supported by the two sides. The Cold War split the temporary alliance against Nazi Germany, leaving the Soviet Union. The USSR was a Marxist–Leninist state ruled by its Communist Party and secret police, the Party controlled the press, the military, the economy and all organizations. In opposition stood the West, dominantly democratic and capitalist with a free press, a small neutral bloc arose with the Non-Aligned Movement, it sought good relations with both sides. The two superpowers never engaged directly in full-scale armed combat, but they were armed in preparation for a possible all-out nuclear world war. The first phase of the Cold War began in the first two years after the end of the Second World War in 1945, the Berlin Blockade was the first major crisis of the Cold War. With the victory of the communist side in the Chinese Civil War and the outbreak of the Korean War, the USSR and USA competed for influence in Latin America, and the decolonizing states of Africa and Asia. Meanwhile, the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was stopped by the Soviets, the expansion and escalation sparked more crises, such as the Suez Crisis, the Berlin Crisis of 1961, and the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. The USSR crushed the 1968 Prague Spring liberalization program in Czechoslovakia, détente collapsed at the end of the decade with the beginning of the Soviet–Afghan War in 1979. The early 1980s were another period of elevated tension, with the Soviet downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007, the United States increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressures on the Soviet Union, at a time when the communist state was already suffering from economic stagnation. In the mid-1980s, the new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the reforms of perestroika and glasnost. Pressures for national independence grew stronger in Eastern Europe, especially Poland, Gorbachev meanwhile refused to use Soviet troops to bolster the faltering Warsaw Pact regimes as had occurred in the past. The result in 1989 was a wave of revolutions that peacefully overthrew all of the communist regimes of Central, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union itself lost control and was banned following an abortive coup attempt in August 1991. This in turn led to the dissolution of the USSR in December 1991. The United States remained as the only superpower. The Cold War and its events have left a significant legacy and it is often referred to in popular culture, especially in media featuring themes of espionage and the threat of nuclear warfare
Cold war
–
Photograph of the
Berlin Wall taken from the West side. The Wall was built in 1961 to prevent East Germans from fleeing and to stop an economically disastrous drain of workers. It was a symbol of the Cold War and its fall in 1989 marked the approaching end of the war.
Cold war
–
Allied troops in
Vladivostok, August 1918, during the
Allied intervention in the
Russian Civil War.
Cold war
–
The "
Big Three " at the Yalta Conference:
Winston Churchill,
Franklin D. Roosevelt and
Joseph Stalin, 1945.
30.
Vietnam War
–
It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The war is considered a Cold War-era proxy war. As the war continued, the actions of the Viet Cong decreased as the role. U. S. and South Vietnamese forces relied on air superiority and overwhelming firepower to conduct search and destroy operations, involving ground forces, artillery, in the course of the war, the U. S. conducted a large-scale strategic bombing campaign against North Vietnam. The North Vietnamese government and the Viet Cong were fighting to reunify Vietnam and they viewed the conflict as a colonial war and a continuation of the First Indochina War against forces from France and later on the United States. The U. S. government viewed its involvement in the war as a way to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam and this was part the domino theory of a wider containment policy, with the stated aim of stopping the spread of communism. Beginning in 1950, American military advisors arrived in what was then French Indochina, U. S. involvement escalated in the early 1960s, with troop levels tripling in 1961 and again in 1962. Regular U. S. combat units were deployed beginning in 1965, despite the Paris Peace Accord, which was signed by all parties in January 1973, the fighting continued. In the U. S. and the Western world, a large anti-Vietnam War movement developed as part of a larger counterculture, the war changed the dynamics between the Eastern and Western Blocs, and altered North–South relations. Direct U. S. military involvement ended on 15 August 1973, the capture of Saigon by the North Vietnamese Army in April 1975 marked the end of the war, and North and South Vietnam were reunified the following year. The war exacted a huge human cost in terms of fatalities, estimates of the number of Vietnamese soldiers and civilians killed vary from 966,000 to 3.8 million. Some 240, 000–300,000 Cambodians,20, 000–62,000 Laotians, and 58,220 U. S. service members died in the conflict. Various names have applied to the conflict. Vietnam War is the most commonly used name in English and it has also been called the Second Indochina War and the Vietnam Conflict. As there have been several conflicts in Indochina, this conflict is known by the names of its primary protagonists to distinguish it from others. In Vietnamese, the war is known as Kháng chiến chống Mỹ. It is also called Chiến tranh Việt Nam, France began its conquest of Indochina in the late 1850s, and completed pacification by 1893. The 1884 Treaty of Huế formed the basis for French colonial rule in Vietnam for the seven decades
Vietnam War
–
Clockwise, from top left: U.S. combat operations in
Ia Drang, ARVN Rangers defending
Saigon during the 1968
Tet Offensive, two
Douglas A-4C Skyhawks en route for airstrikes against North Vietnam after the
Gulf of Tonkin incident, ARVN recapture
Quảng Trị during the 1972
Easter Offensive, civilians fleeing the
1972 Battle of Quảng Trị, burial of 300 victims of the 1968
Huế Massacre.
Vietnam War
–
A Japanese naval officer surrenders his sword to a British Lieutenant in Saigon on 13 September 1945.
Vietnam War
–
The
Geneva Conference, 1954
Vietnam War
–
U.S. President
Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of State
John Foster Dulles greet President
Ngô Đình Diệm of
South Vietnam in Washington, 8 May 1957.
31.
Dianne Feinstein
–
Dianne Goldman Berman Feinstein is the senior United States Senator from California. A member of the Democratic Party, she has served in the Senate since 1992 and she also served as the 38th Mayor of San Francisco from 1978 to 1988. Born in San Francisco, Feinstein graduated from Stanford University in 1955 with a B. A. in history, in the 1960s she worked in city government, and in 1970 she was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. She served as the boards first female president in 1978, during which time the assassinations of Mayor George Moscone, during her tenure as San Franciscos first female mayor she led a revamp of the citys cable car system and oversaw the 1984 Democratic National Convention. After a failed campaign in 1990, she won a 1992 special election to the U. S. Senate. Feinstein was first elected on the ballot as her peer Barbara Boxer. Feinstein was the author of the 1994 Federal Assault Weapons Ban which expired in 2004, in 2013 she introduced a new assault weapons bill, which failed to pass. Feinstein is the first and only woman to have chaired the Senate Rules Committee and the Select Committee on Intelligence from 2009 to 2015 and she is the only woman to have presided over a U. S. presidential inauguration. At the age of 83, Feinstein is the oldest currently serving United States Senator, Feinstein was born Dianne Emiel Goldman in San Francisco, to Betty, a former model, and Leon Goldman, a surgeon. Feinstein graduated from Convent of the Sacred Heart High School, San Francisco in 1951, prior to elected service, Feinstein was appointed by then-California Governor Pat Brown to serve as a member of the California Womens Parole Board. Feinstein also served as a fellow at the Coro Foundation in San Francisco, in 1969, Feinstein was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. She remained on the Board for nine years and she was elected president of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in 1978 with initial opposition from Quentin Kopp. Feinstein was close by in City Hall at the time of the shootings and discovered Milks body after hearing the gunshots, both Mayor Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk have been shot and killed. Feinstein appears in footage and is credited in the Academy Award-winning documentary film The Times of Harvey Milk. She appears again briefly in footage, announcing the death of Moscone. Feinstein and her position as President of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors are also alluded to several times in the movie, as President of the Board of Supervisors upon the death of Moscone, Feinstein succeeded to the mayoralty on December 4,1978. Feinstein served out the remainder of Moscones term and she made no staffing changes to his team until she was elected in her own right in 1979. She was re-elected in 1983 and served a second term
Dianne Feinstein
–
Dianne Feinstein
Dianne Feinstein
–
Feinstein speaks at a rally in San Francisco's Chinatown in the late 1970s. Husband
Richard C. Blum is on the left
Dianne Feinstein
–
As mayor of San Francisco, 1978–1988
32.
Barbara Boxer
–
Barbara Levy Boxer is an American politician who served as a United States Senator from California 1993 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, she served in the U. S. House of Representatives 1983 to 1993. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Boxer graduated from Brooklyn College and she worked as a stockbroker for several years before moving to California with her husband. During the 1970s, she worked as a journalist for the Pacific Sun and she served on the Marin County Board of Supervisors for six years and became the boards first female president. With the slogan Barbara Boxer Gives a Damn, she was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982 and she sat on the House Armed Services Committee, and was involved in government oversight, passing several procurement reforms. Boxer won the 1992 election for the U. S. Senate, Boxer is the ranking member of the Environment and Public Works Committee and the vice chair of the Select Committee on Ethics. She is also the Democratic Chief Deputy Whip, on January 8,2015, Boxer announced that she would not seek re-election in 2016. She was succeeded by California Attorney General Kamala Harris, Boxer was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Jewish parents Sophie and Ira Levy. She attended public schools, and graduated from George W. Wingate High School in 1958, in 1962, she married Stewart Boxer and graduated from Brooklyn College with a bachelors degree in Economics. While in college she was a member of Delta Phi Epsilon sorority and was a cheerleader for the Brooklyn College basketball team, Boxer worked as a stockbroker for the next three years, while her husband went to law school. Later, the moved to Greenbrae, Marin County, California. She first ran for office in 1972, when she challenged incumbent Peter Arrigoni, a member of the Marin County Board of Supervisors. Later during the 1970s, Boxer worked as a journalist for the Pacific Sun and as an aide to John Burton, in 1976, Boxer was elected to the Marin County Board of Supervisors, serving for six years. She was the Boards first woman president, Boxers husband, Stewart, a prominent attorney in Oakland, represents injured workers in workers compensation cases, keeping a very low political profile. On May 28,1994, their daughter Nicole married Tony Rodham, before ending in divorce, they had a child Zachary, born in 1995. So Boxer is genetically tied to the Clintons through this union, Zachary held a unique distinction of being both the grandson and nephew of sitting U. S. senators. In 2006, the Boxers sold their house in Greenbrae, where they had lived for many years, Boxers first novel, A Time to Run was published in 2005 by San Francisco-based publishing company Chronicle Books. Her second novel Blind Trust was released in July 2009 by Chronicle Books, Boxer, then a Marin County supervisor, was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982, succeeding John Burton
Barbara Boxer
–
Barbara Boxer
Barbara Boxer
–
Boxer during her time in the House of Representatives
Barbara Boxer
–
On Valentine's Day 2005, Senator Boxer received 4,500 roses for her work, including her "candid and eloquent remarks during the Rice conformation [
sic] hearings".
Barbara Boxer
–
Senator Boxer joined with Senate Democratic women at a press conference to speak about women's health.
33.
Michael Huffington
–
Michael Huffington is an American politician, LGBT activist, and film producer. He was a member of the Republican Party, and a congressman for one term, 1993–1995, Huffington was married to Arianna Huffington, the Greek-born co-founder of The Huffington Post, from 1986 to 1997. Huffington was born in Dallas, Texas to Celeste Phyllis and Roy Michael Huffington, in 1965, Huffington graduated from Culver Military Academy in Culver, Indiana, where he received the Central States Amateur Rowing Association Medal when he rowed on the light weight crew. After graduation he was elected to the Culver Chapter of the Cum Laude Society, in 1970, he received a BS degree in engineering and a BA degree in economics concurrently from Stanford University. Huffington was a member of the varsity crew, student senator, in 1972, he received an MBA in finance from Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Huffingtons wealth is derived from a merchant bank he started and his share of the familys Houston oil, gas and his father, Roy M. Huffington, made a fortune through natural gas interests in Indonesia. Huffingtons interest in politics began in 1968, when he was an intern for freshman Congressman George H. W. Bush in Washington. In 1986, President Ronald Reagan appointed Huffington as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Negotiations Policy with responsibility for conventional arms control negotiations and he was awarded the Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service. In 1992, Huffington was elected to the House of Representatives from Californias 22nd District and he spent a record $5.4 million on his campaign, 95% of it his own money. He spent about $3.5 million in the Republican primary where he won in June over veteran incumbent Rep. Robert J. Lagomarsino and he later defeated then Santa Barbara County Supervisor Gloria Ochoa in the general election. Huffington donated his congressional salary to the Partnership for Children of Santa Barbara County in 1993. Seymour, who was appointed to fill the vacancy in 1991 caused by the retirement of Governor-elect Pete Wilson, in the Republican primary, he defeated William E. Dannemeyer. At the time, Huffingtons was the most expensive campaign in an election in American history. Huffington lost in the election by 1.9 percent of the vote to Feinstein. During 1998, Huffington was co-chairman of Proposition 10 in California, the resulting multi-hundred million dollars of tax revenue is being used for prenatal care and for the health care and education of children under six years of age. In the 2003 California recall election, Huffington endorsed Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger and his ex-wife, Arianna Huffington, was an opposing candidate. She withdrew before the even though her name remained on the ballot. In 2006, Huffington co-chaired the Log Cabin Republicans The Courage To Lead, Huffington also personally contributed $1 for every $2 contributed to the Log Cabin Republicans for that dinner
Michael Huffington
–
Michael Huffington
34.
Bill Clinton
–
William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, before that, he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideogically a New Democrat, Clinton is married to Hillary Clinton, who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 and U. S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, and served the Democratic nominee for President in 2016, Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham both earned degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the states education system, Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992, defeating incumbent George H. W. Bush. At age 46, he was the third-youngest president and the first from the Baby Boomer generation, Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history and signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement. After failing to pass health care reform, the Democratic House was ousted when the Republican Party won control of the Congress in 1994. Two years later, in 1996, Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected to a second term, Clinton passed welfare reform and the State Childrens Health Insurance Program, providing health coverage for millions of children. Clinton was acquitted by the U. S. Senate in 1999, the Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus between the years 1998 and 2000, the last three years of Clintons presidency. In foreign policy, Clinton ordered U. S. Clinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U. S. President since World War II, since then, Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work. He created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address international causes, such as the prevention of AIDS, in 2004, Clinton published his autobiography, My Life. In 2009, Clinton was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti, since leaving office, Clinton has been rated highly in public opinion polls of U. S. Presidents. Clinton was born on August 19,1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, Arkansas and he was the son of William Jefferson Blythe Jr. a traveling salesman who had died in an automobile accident three months before his birth, and Virginia Dell Cassidy. His parents had married on September 4,1943, but this later proved to be bigamous. Soon after their son was born, his mother traveled to New Orleans to study nursing, leaving her son in Hope with her parents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and ran a small grocery store. At a time when the Southern United States was segregated racially, in 1950, Bills mother returned from nursing school and married Roger Clinton Sr. who owned an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, Arkansas, with his brother and Earl T. Ricks. The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950, although he immediately assumed use of his stepfathers surname, it was not until Clinton turned fifteen that he formally adopted the surname Clinton as a gesture toward his stepfather. In Hot Springs, Clinton attended St. Johns Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School, and Hot Springs High School—where he was a student leader, avid reader
Bill Clinton
–
Bill Clinton
Bill Clinton
–
William Jefferson Blythe III, in 1950 at age four
Bill Clinton
–
Clinton's boyhood home in
Hope, Arkansas
Bill Clinton
–
Clinton ran for President of the
Student Council while attending the School of Foreign Service at
Georgetown University.
35.
Bob Dornan
–
Robert Kenneth Bob Dornan is a Republican and former member of the United States House of Representatives from California. A boisterous former actor and television and radio show host. Dornan was born in New York City, New York, the son of Gertrude Consuelo and he attended Loyola University of Los Angeles until 1953. At age 19, Dornan volunteered to join the United States Air Force, during his time in the USAF, he survived two emergency parachute ejections and two dead stick forced landings. Dornan also served as a photographer during the Vietnam War and flew relief flights into Biafra and he was an active duty serviceman in USAF until 1958, reaching the rank of Captain. He then served in the Air Force Reserve until 1975, Bob Dornan took an active role in the civil rights movement. He took part in the historic 1963 March on Washington led by Martin Luther King Jr, the following year he helped register African Americans to vote in Mississippi. Dornan was involved in the entertainment industry and he starred in the film The Starfighters, cast as Lt. Witkowski, an Air Force pilot who was the son of a U. S. congressman. The Starfighters aired on Mystery Science Theater 3000, Dornan had a frequent role as Captain Fowler on ABCs Twelve OClock High television series and smaller roles on ABCs Bewitched and NBCs I Dream of Jeannie. Dornan was an Emmy-award-winning television talk show host on Tempo and The Robert K. Dornan Show broadcast from Los Angeles from 1967 to 1973, Dornan moved into politics in 1973 as national spokesman for the Citizens for Decency Through Law advocacy group. He made a run for mayor of Los Angeles the same year. In 1976, Dornan was elected to the House of Representatives and he was such an unswerving advocate for the development of the B-1 bomber, that he was soon nicknamed B-1 Bob. After the 1980 census, Californias congressional map was redrawn, Dornans district, previously a Republican-leaning swing district, was made significantly more Democratic. Believing he had no chance of winning this new district, he opted to run for the United States Senate in 1982 and he finished fourth in the Republican primary behind San Diego mayor and future Governor Pete Wilson, who won in November. Dornan moved to Garden Grove, in the more Republican Orange County, in 1986, he won a tough race against Democratic state Assemblyman Richard Robinson, winning by a 55% to 43% margin. He was re-elected four more times and served on the Intelligence Committee, Dornan made headlines in March 1985 for a confrontation with Representative Thomas Downey on the House floor. Downey asked Dornan about comments he had made calling Downey a draft-dodging wimp, according to Downey, Dornan, grabbing him by collar and tie, said, Its good youre being protected by the sergeant-at-arms. If I saw you outside, it would be a different story, Dornan claimed he was merely straightening Downeys tie and refused to apologize for the incident or the derogatory comment
Bob Dornan
–
Bob Dornan
Bob Dornan
–
Dornan standing on the ladder of an F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft during a visit to
Torrejon Air Base,
Spain, 20 September 1988
36.
Orange County, California
–
Orange County is a county in the U. S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 3,010,232 making it the third-most populous county in California, the sixth-most populous in the United States and its county seat is Santa Ana. It is the second most densely populated county in the state, the countys four largest cities, Anaheim, Santa Ana, Irvine, and Huntington Beach each have populations exceeding 200,000. Several of Orange Countys cities are on the Pacific coast, including Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, Laguna Beach, Orange County is included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Thirty-four incorporated cities are located in the county, the newest is Aliso Viejo, Anaheim was the first city, incorporated in 1870, when the region was still part of neighboring Los Angeles County. Whereas most population centers in the United States tend to be identified by a major city and it is mostly suburban except for some traditionally urban areas at the centers of the older cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, Huntington Beach, Orange, and Santa Ana. There are several edge city-style developments such as Irvine Business Center, Newport Center, the county is famous for its tourism as the home of attractions like Disneyland, Knotts Berry Farm, and several beaches along its more than 40 miles of coastline. It is part of the Tech Coast, members of the Tongva, Juaneño, and Luiseño Native American groups long inhabited the area. After the 1769 expedition of Gaspar de Portolà, a Spanish expedition led by Junipero Serra named the area Valle de Santa Ana, on November 1,1776, Mission San Juan Capistrano became the areas first permanent European settlement. Among those who came with Portolá were José Manuel Nieto and José Antonio Yorba, both these men were given land grants—Rancho Los Nietos and Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, respectively. The Nieto heirs were granted land in 1834, the Nieto ranches were known as Rancho Los Alamitos, Rancho Las Bolsas, and Rancho Los Coyotes. Yorba heirs Bernardo Yorba and Teodosio Yorba were also granted Rancho Cañón de Santa Ana and Rancho Lomas de Santiago, other ranchos in Orange County were granted by the Mexican government during the Mexican period in Alta California. A severe drought in the 1860s devastated the industry, cattle ranching. In 1887, silver was discovered in the Santa Ana Mountains, attracting settlers via the Santa Fe and this growth led the California legislature to divide Los Angeles County and create Orange County as a separate political entity on March 11,1889. The county is said to have named for the citrus fruit in an attempt to promote immigration by suggesting a semi-tropical paradise–a place where anything could grow. Other citrus crops, avocados, and oil extraction were important to the early economy. Orange County benefited from the July 4,1904 completion of the Pacific Electric Railway, the link made Orange County an accessible weekend retreat for celebrities of early Hollywood. It was deemed so significant that Pacific City changed its name to Huntington Beach in honor of Henry E. Huntington, president of the Pacific Electric, Transportation further improved with the completion of the State Route and U. S. Route 101 in the 1920s
Orange County, California
Orange County, California
Orange County, California
Orange County, California
37.
Gray Davis
–
Joseph Graham Gray Davis, Jr. is an American politician and attorney who served as the 37th Governor of California from 1999 to 2003. A member of the Democratic Party, only months into his term, in 2003 Davis was recalled and removed from office. Prior to serving as governor, Davis was chief of staff to Governor Jerry Brown, a California State Assemblyman, California State Controller, Davis holds a B. A. in history from Stanford University and a J. D. from Columbia Law School. He was awarded a Bronze Star for his service as a Captain in the Vietnam War, during his time as governor, Davis made education his top priority and California spent eight billion dollars more than was required under Proposition 98 during his first term. Under Davis, California standardized test scores increased for five straight years, Davis signed the nations first state law requiring automakers to limit auto emissions. Davis supported laws to ban assault weapons and he is credited with improving relations between California and Mexico. Voters were also alienated by Daviss record-breaking fundraising efforts and negative campaigning and he was succeeded in office on November 17,2003 by actor Arnold Schwarzenegger, who won the recall replacement race. Davis spent 1,778 days as governor and signed 5,132 bills out of 6,244, vetoing 1,112 bills. Since being recalled, Davis has worked as a lecturer at the UCLA School of Public Affairs, as an attorney at Loeb & Loeb, Davis was born in the Bronx, New York City, the son of Doris Morell and Joseph G. Davis. Davis moved to California with his family as a child in 1954 and he was the first of the familys five children, three boys and two girls. He was raised a Roman Catholic, Davis and his family were one of the millions of Americans to migrate to the southwest and California as part of the post-World War II sun belt migration. His diverse educational experiences at public, private and Catholic schools allowed him an opportunity to all three systems as a lawmaker. Davis graduated from a North Hollywood military academy, the Harvard School for Boys, Davis family was upper middle class and was led by his demanding mother. Davis was nicknamed Gray by his mother and his father, Joseph Graham Davis, Sr. an advertising manager at Time Inc. and an alcoholic, was the son of businessman William Rhodes Davis. His strong academic accomplishments earned him acceptance to Stanford University and he played on the Stanford golf team with a two handicap. After Davis entered Stanford University, his left the family. The deal included a promise to enter the regular Army after completing his education and he earned a Bachelor of Arts in history at Stanford, where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity, graduating in 1964 with distinction. He then returned to New York City to attend Columbia Law School where he won the Moot Court award, during law school Davis had a romantic encounter with actress Cybill Shepherd
Gray Davis
–
Gray Davis on September 2, 2010.
Gray Davis
–
Davis' biography photo as Lieutenant Governor
Gray Davis
–
Official state portrait
Gray Davis
–
Davis sought to improve relations with Mexican President
Vicente Fox.
38.
Cruz Bustamante
–
Cruz Miguel Bustamante is an American retired politician. He was the 45th Lieutenant Governor of California, a former Speaker of the State Assembly and he served with Governors Gray Davis and Arnold Schwarzenegger and was succeeded by John Garamendi in 2007. The eldest of six children, Cruz Bustamante was born in Dinuba and his family later moved to San Joaquin, California. He attended and graduated from Tranquillity High School in the 1970s, with his wife Arcelia, Bustamante has three daughters. As a resident of Fresno, Bustamante was elected to the California State Assembly in an election in 1993. He was elected Lieutenant Governor in 1998, the first Latino elected to office in California in more than 120 years. He was also the highest-ranking elected Latino officeholder in the United States until Bill Richardson became Governor of New Mexico in 2003, Bustamante earned his BA via distance learning from the California State University, Fresno in 2003. Bustamante had an icy relationship with Governor Davis, a fellow Democrat. They reportedly had not talked in months before the election approached. During the recall election, Bustamante ran on a slogan of No on Recall, Yes on Bustamante. Bustamante was the Democratic candidate for California Insurance Commissioner, in Bustamantes official candidate statement, he says I want to become an example to others to lead healthier lives by losing weight myself. Obesity in California costs $7.7 billion a year, Bustamante claims to have recently shed 43 pounds to 235 pounds by means of diet and exercise. Bustamante easily won the June 6,2006 Democratic primary, receiving 70. 5% of the vote and defeating his challenger, John Kraft. In the June Primary Bustamante received 1,606,913 Democratic votes, Kraft 674,309 Democratic votes, however, Kraft planned to actively campaign for Bustamante, and donated a significant portion of his fortune as an heir to Kraft Foods to Bustamante. Bustamante ran against Republican Steve Poizner in November, Bustamante announced that he would not be returning insurance industry contributions to his campaign, a position criticized by Poizner and campaign ethicists. Bustamante also failed to meet a deadline to submit a statement to voters. According to the Field Poll, on November 3,2006, and lost to Poizner by 12% in the general election. Bustamante was speculated to run for the U. S. House of Representatives in Californias 21st congressional district in 2012, California June Primary Results Cruz Bustamante on Manny Fernandez Internet Media Mogal
Cruz Bustamante
–
Cruz Bustamante
Cruz Bustamante
39.
Bill Lockyer
–
Lockyer attended the University of California, Berkeley, graduating with a BA in Political Science in 1965. His first job was as a school history teacher. In 1986, Lockyer graduated with a JD from University of the Pacifics McGeorge School of Law, by an earlier marriage, he also has an adult daughter who is an attorney for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Lockyer first won a State Assembly seat in a Special Election of September 4,1973, in his spare time, Lockyer attended law school classes in Sacramento and received a law degree from the McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific. And Democratic Speaker of the Assembly Willie Brown, who recalled that, by the time Lockyer left the Legislature in 1998, as a freshman legislator in 1974, Lockyer wrote the first legislation to provide state funding for emergency oil spill decontamination. Requiring city, county and regional cooperation, the Bay Trail marked its 20th year in 2009 with 293 miles so far open to hikers, bicyclists, joggers and walkers. Though Lockyer was nominally honored as father of the Bay Trail, in 1984, Lockyer sponsored the States first hate crimes legislation which, as later amended, provided that no person. Later, as Attorney General, Lockyer was responsible for coordinating enforcement of this statute by local law enforcement, doctors got promises that protections already in place against lawsuits would not be touched. Insurance companies won a reprieve from threatened regulations gaining momentum in the Legislature and this compromise had already been worked out, the dinner was meant to ratify a future peace pact among all the concerned parties to abide by the compromise. Lockyer, who had acted as mediator during the negotiations, scribbled the terms of the pact on a restaurant cloth napkin. The compromise bill was then ramrodded through the Assembly and State Senate on the last night of that years legislative session, though it was only Lockyers theatrical touch of writing the agreement on a napkin that made it especially memorable, the napkin deal became legendary in the State Capitol. The public is served, Lockyer said at the time. As Senate President Pro Tem, Lockyer was a key negotiator in these private negotiations, old-fashioned balanced budget, ”, linked to a bi-partisan billion-dollar tax mega-deal, a complex legislative package that cut state income taxes for middle class Californians. Elected Attorney General in 1998 after 25 years as a legislator with a small close-knit staff and he became one of the two most prominent state Attorneys General in the nation, rivaled in media attention only by New Yorks Eliot Spitzer. The two men were personal rivals as well, once coming to blows after screaming expletives at each other at a Los Angeles convention of the National Association of Attorneys General. That organization elected Lockyer its President in 2003, on other occasions, the positions Lockyer defended matched his own, as when he defended Californias 1996 legalization of medical marijuana against federal attacks by the Bush Administration. Lockyer found this particularly satisfying as he had come to strongly support compassionate use of Marijuana after living through his mothers and younger sisters deaths from leukemia. But the website did draw enormous public interest, receiving over 186,000,000 hits from more than 16,000,000 individual users in its first year of operation
Bill Lockyer
–
Bill Lockyer
40.
John Garamendi
–
Garamendi was born in Camp Blanding, Florida and raised in Mokelumne Hill, California. He earned a B. A. in business from the University of California, Berkeley and he was elected to the California State Assembly in 1974, serving a single term before being elected to the California State Senate in 1976, where he served for four terms until 1990. During this time he had a spell as Majority Leader and ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nominations for Governor of California in 1982, in 1990, he was elected as the first California Insurance Commissioner, serving from 1991 to 1995. Rather than seek re-election, he ran for governor in the 1994 election and he left public office and served as President Bill Clintons Deputy Secretary of the Interior from 1995 to 1998, then worked for the Peace Corps again. He was elected insurance commissioner again in 2002 and briefly ran for governor again in the 2003 recall, in 2006, he was elected lieutenant governor to succeed the term-limited Bustamante. Garamendi had planned to run for governor for a time in 2010. He was re-elected in 2010 and, after redistricting, for the Californias 3rd congressional district in 2012 and 2014, Garamendi was raised in Mokelumne Hill, California, the son of Mary Jane and Raymond V. Garamendi. His paternal grandparents were Basque immigrants from Spain and his mother was of half Irish and he served in the Peace Corps in Ethiopia from 1966 to 1968. Garamendi is also a member of Sigma Chi, as a brother of the Alpha Beta Chapter at Berkeley, in 1974, Garamendi decided to run for Californias 7th State Assembly district. In the election to succeed Bagley, Garamendi faced Republican State Assemblyman Douglas F. Carter, Carter had won a special election in the 12th Assembly district in July 1973 to succeed Repyblican Robert T. Monagan, who had resigned to become United States Assistant Secretary of Transportation. In the general election, Garamendi defeated Carter in a landslide, in 1976, he decided to retire after one term to run in Californias 13th State Senate district. He defeated Republican Bob Whitten 53%-47% and he won re-election in 1980,1984, and 1988. While in the California Senate, he served as Majority Leader and his sponsored legislation reformed health care, welfare, and the state tax code. He also protected Lake Tahoe and Mono Lake and he was Chairman of the Joint Committee on Science and Technology, the Senate Health and Welfare Committee, the Senate Revenue and Taxation Committee. He ran for Governor of California for the first time in 1982, in the Democratic primary, Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley defeated him 61%-25%. In the 1986 Democratic primary for California State Controller, Garamendi lost to Assemblyman Gray Davis and he ran for California Insurance Commissioner for the first time in 1990. He won the Democratic primary with a plurality of 36% of the vote and his closest challenger was radio talk show host Bill Press, who got 28% of the vote. In the general election, he defeated Republican Wes Bannister 52%-38%, in addition to this had a number of other accomplishments
John Garamendi
–
John Garamendi
John Garamendi
–
Garamendi as California Insurance Commissioner
41.
California state elections, November 2010
–
The California state elections, November 2010 were held on November 2,2010. Because fellow Democrat Dianne Feinstein holds the other Senate seat that was not up for election in 2010, there are 40 seats in the State Senate, the upper house of Californias bicameral State Legislature. Voters in the 20 even-numbered districts of the California State Senate will vote for their representatives, voters in all 80 of Californias State Assembly districts voted for their representatives. This is a legislatively referred statute that would authorize an $11.1 billion bond to upgrade Californias water system. On August 9,2010, the California Legislature postponed the vote on the proposition until 2012 and this is a citizen-initiated state statute that would increase vehicle license fees by $18 a year to fund state parks. The initiative also removes current state park motor vehicle parking fees and this is a citizen-initiated constitutional amendment that would prevent the state government from taking certain funds, such as transportation funds, from the local governments. This is a state statute that would suspend Californias Global Warming Solutions Act until statewide unemployment falls below 5. 5% for four consecutive quarters. This is a state statute that would repeal three business tax breaks passed by the state legislature as part of negotiations of the 2008–10 California budget crisis. This is a constitutional amendment that would allow state budgets to be passed by the state legislature by a simple majority instead of the current two-thirds requirement. The two-thirds majority for passing taxes would not change and this is a citizen-initiated constitutional amendment that would require voters to approve new state levies and charges by a two-thirds super majority, with some exceptions
California state elections, November 2010
–
Elections in California
42.
California state elections, November 2012
–
The California state elections was held on Election Day, November 6,2012. This was the first general election with Californias newly implemented nonpartisan blanket primary in effect, pursuant to Proposition 14 and this was the first general election whose winners represent districts drawn by the Citizens Redistricting Commission. After the election, Californias congressional delegation gained four new Democrats, dianne Feinstein won her re-election bid for the U. S. Senate, and the Democrats gained a 2/3 supermajority in both of the states legislative chambers. California voters also voted to re-elect incumbent President Barack Obama, giving him the states electoral votes. 11 propositions have been qualified for the ballot, if this measure and Proposition 38 both pass, then the measure with more Yes votes will take effect. This is a constitutional amendment that would make several changes to the state budget process. In addition, it also requires bills to be published at least three days before they are voted on, Proposition 32 is an initiative statute. It would prohibit unions from using payroll-deducted funds for political purposes, similar to the failed Proposition 17 on the June,2010 ballot. This is a statute that would allow auto insurance companies to charge based on continuity of the buyers insurance coverage. Proposition 34 is a statute that would end the death penalty in California. The proposition was defeated with 53% of the vote against it. It would also require registered sex offenders to declare their Internet identifiers to the general public, Proposition 35 passed with 81% of the vote. The ACLU and Electronic Frontier Foundation challenged Proposition 35s internet disclosure requirements as a violation of the First Amendment. In January 2013, U. S. District Judge Thelton Henderson found the challengers were likely to succeed and issued an injunction blocking enforcement of Proposition 35. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Jay Bybee affirmed the order blocking Proposition 35, California Attorney General Kamala Harris declined to appeal and has announced she will not enforce Proposition 35 until the it is rewritten so as to be constitutional. This is a statute that would modify Californias three-strikes law to reduce life sentences for felons if the third offense was non-serious. California Proposition 37 is a state statute that would require labeling of genetically engineered food. It would also disallow the practice of labeling genetically engineered food with the word natural, if both this measure and Proposition 30 pass, then the measure with more Yes votes would take effect
California state elections, November 2012
–
Elections in California
43.
Barack Obama
–
Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He is the first African American to have served as president and he previously served in the U. S. Senate representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008, and in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 to 2004. Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, two years after the territory was admitted to the Union as the 50th state and he grew up mostly in Hawaii, but also spent one year of his childhood in Washington State and four years in Indonesia. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he worked as a community organizer in Chicago, in 1988 Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review. After graduation, he became a civil rights attorney and professor, Obama represented the 13th District for three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, when he ran for the U. S. Senate. In 2008, Obama was nominated for president, a year after his campaign began and he was elected over Republican John McCain, and was inaugurated on January 20,2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, during his first two years in office, Obama signed many landmark bills. Main reforms were the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, after a lengthy debate over the national debt limit, Obama signed the Budget Control and the American Taxpayer Relief Acts. In foreign policy, Obama increased U. S. troop levels in Afghanistan, reduced nuclear weapons with the U. S. -Russian New START treaty, and ended military involvement in the Iraq War. He ordered military involvement in Libya in opposition to Muammar Gaddafi, after winning re-election over Mitt Romney, Obama was sworn in for a second term in 2013. Obama also advocated gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, and issued wide-ranging executive actions concerning climate change and immigration. In foreign policy, Obama ordered military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq, Obama left office in January 2017 with a 60% approval rating. He currently resides in Washington, D. C and his presidential library will be built in Chicago. Obama was born on August 4,1961, at Kapiʻolani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital in Honolulu and he is the only President to have been born in Hawaii. He was born to a mother and a black father. His mother, Ann Dunham, was born in Wichita, Kansas, of mostly English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss and his father, Barack Obama Sr. was a married Luo Kenyan man from Nyangoma Kogelo. Obamas parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, the couple married in Wailuku, Hawaii on February 2,1961, six months before Obama was born. In late August 1961, Obamas mother moved him to the University of Washington in Seattle for a year
Barack Obama
–
Barack Obama
Barack Obama
–
Obama with his half-sister
Maya Soetoro-Ng, mother
Ann Dunham and grandfather
Stanley Dunham, in
Honolulu, Hawaii
Barack Obama
–
Obama and others celebrate the naming of a street in Chicago after
ShoreBank co-founder Milton Davis in 1998
Barack Obama
–
Obama in his official portrait as a member of the United States Senate
44.
California Proposition 11 (2008)
–
To do this the Act amended both the Constitution of California and the Government Code. The law was proposed by means of the process and was put to voters as part of the November 4,2008 state elections. In 2010, voters passed Proposition 20 which extended the Citizen Redistricting Commissions power to draw electoral boundaries to include U. S. House seats as well. The Act amended Article XXI of the constitution and enacted Title 2, Division 1. These changes transfer authority for establishing Assembly, Senate, and Board of Equalization district boundaries from elected representatives to a fourteen-member commission, the commission is chosen as follows, Government auditors select sixty registered voters from an applicant pool. Legislative leaders are permitted to reduce the pool, auditors then pick eight commission members by lottery, and those commissioners pick six additional members for a total of fourteen. The commission must include five commissioners of the largest political party in California, five commissioners from the second largest party, and four of neither party. For approval, new district boundaries need votes from three commissioners of the largest party, three from the second largest, and three of the commissioners from neither party, the commission may hire lawyers and consultants to assist it in its work. California Common Cause was the group sponsoring the initiative. AARP NAACP California State Conference The Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce The League of Women Voters Gov, partisan gridlock caused by the current way of drawing legislative districts has caused the legislature to underperform in its mission of serving the people of California. State legislative contests held in districts drawn by a Proposition 11 commission would be more competitive, as of September 24, three campaign committees supporting Prop.11 have filed officially with the Secretary of States office. Some donors have contributed to more than one of these committees, the largest donors altogether are, Gov. Schwarzeneggers California Dream Team, $2,446,000. Charles Munger Jr. son of billionaire Charles Munger, $1 million Michael Bloomberg, brian Harvey, president of Cypress Land Company, $250,000. Reed Hastings, founder of Netflix, $250,000 New Majority California PAC, william Bloomfield, $150,000 On Monday, March 10,2008 the Pasadena City Council became the first California city to endorse the proposition. Kimball Petition Management was paid $2,332,988 from two separate committees to collect signatures to put this measure on the ballot. Signatures to qualify the measure for the California 2008 ballot measures|November 2008 ballot were submitted to election officials on May 6,2008, on June 17, the California Secretary of State announced that a check of the signatures had established that the measure qualifies for the ballot. In late August, supporters of Prop.11 filed a complaint with the Fair Political Practices Commission because the California Correctional Peace Officers Association—a group that opposes Prop. 11—gave contributions totaling $577,000 to the Leadership California committee, days later, the FPPC took the rare step of rejecting the complaint without conducting an investigation
California Proposition 11 (2008)
–
Elections in California
45.
California Proposition 20 (2010)
–
A California Congressional Redistricting Initiative, Proposition 20 was on the November 2,2010 ballot in California. It was approved by 61. 2% of voters, election officials announced on May 5 that the proposition had collected sufficient signatures to qualify for the ballot. The measure is known by its supporters as the VOTERS FIRST Act for Congress, the Congressional Redistricting Initiative, Added the task of re-drawing congressional district boundaries to the California Citizens Redistricting Commission created by Proposition 11. Ballot language was filed by Charles Munger, Jr. who was also Proposition 20s largest financial supporter, a competing initiative that also qualified for the November 2 ballot, California Proposition 27, sought to repeal Proposition 11. Proposition 20 and Proposition 27 each had a so-called poison pill provision and this means that if they both received a majority vote, the proposition that received the highest majority vote is the law that would go into effect. Since Proposition 20 passed but Proposition 27 did not, neither provision was triggered, summary of estimated fiscal impact No significant net change in state redistricting costs. If this initiative had not succeeded, the next Governor of California, Congressional districts California is determined to be entitled to after the 2010 census. Estimates are that California will have somewhere between 52 and 54 seats in congress after those census calculations are completed, from 2000 to 2010, the population in California has undergone a major shift eastward, with people moving to Californias inland areas from its coastal enclaves. This means that Californias congressional district boundaries will certainly undergo major upheaval after the 2010 census, as one example, the San Francisco Bay Area grew less than 1% since the last redistricting, while the Central Valley area has grown by 21%. Los Angeles County has grown 5%, while San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, another notable factor is that Californias population hasnt grown relative to the population of the rest of the United States, and may even have proportionally shrunk. There were fears at the time that California could lose one or two seats in Congress, Proposition 20 amended three sections of Article XXI of the California Constitution. Munger was also a key supporter of 2008s Proposition 11, having given about $2 million to that effort. Arguments were submitted to the official California Voter Guide on behalf of a yes vote on Proposition 20, as were rebuttals to the arguments provided by Prop 20 opponents. S. Congressional districts, which will in turn make Californias representatives to the U. S. Congress more accountable and responsive, Proposition 20 ends the current system of members of the California State Legislature being in a position to draw the U. S. Congressional district boundaries for their friends in Congress—districts that virtually guarantee Members of Congress get reelected even when they listen to voters. Also, Right now, legislators and their paid consultants draw districts behind closed doors to guarantee their friends in Congress are reelected, sacramento politicians pick the voters for their friends in Congress, rather than voters choosing who will represent them. Proposition 20 is a simple and intuitive extension of an initiative that California voters already approved. Under the current system, politicians have used their powers to bring about unfair results
California Proposition 20 (2010)
–
Elections in California
46.
California Proposition 14 (2010)
–
Proposition 14 is a California ballot proposition that appeared on the ballot during the June 2010 state elections. It was an amendment that effectively transformed Californias non-Presidential elections from first-past-the-post to a nonpartisan blanket primary. The proposition was referred to voters by the State Legislature. It consolidated all primary elections for an office into an election with one ballot that would be identical to all voters. The two candidates with the most votes in the election would then be the only candidates who would run in the general election. Proposition 14 was a proposal to amend Sections 5 and 6 of Article II of the California State Constitution relating to elections and it is officially known as the Top Two Primaries Act. It was authored by State Senator Abel Maldonado, who represented the 15th district as Senate Constitutional Amendment 4 of the 2009–2010 Regular Session and it was passed in the State Senate by a vote of 27 to 12 and in the State Assembly by a vote of 54 to 20. Proposition 14 does not affect the election of President and Vice-President of the United States, local offices, or non-partisan offices such as judges, all candidates running in the primary election, regardless of their political party preference, would appear on that ballot. The two candidates with the most votes would then qualify for the election, regardless of which party they identify with. The constitutionality of the measure was challenged in Field et al. v. Bowen, on September 19,2011, an appellate court ruled that the Top Two system was constitutional. The case then returned to the Superior Court of San Francisco County, the original plaintiffs then asked for reconsideration of this award. On Friday afternoon, September 14,2012, the date for the hearing was advanced to September 17. Both the award and the acceleration of the reconsideration hearing have been characterized as outrageous and this award has been called a SLAPP action, intended to censor, intimidate, and silence critics by burdening them with the cost of a legal defense until they abandon their criticism or opposition. The Motion for Reconsideration was reassigned to Judge Harold E. Kahn, and continued to September 25, then October 3, then 22, the case was reassigned to Judge Karnow who ruled against the motion for reconsideration in October 2012. Full text of Proposition 14 California Proposition 14, Top Two Primaries Act at Ballotpedia
California Proposition 14 (2010)
–
Elections in California
47.
San Diego
–
San Diego is a major city in California, United States. It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately 120 miles south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. With an estimated population of 1,394,928 as of July 1,2015, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego has been called the birthplace of California, historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, the Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly independent Mexico, in 1850, California became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union. The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the center of the region as well as the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. San Diegos main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, the presence of the University of California, San Diego, with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, has helped make the area a center of research in biotechnology. The original inhabitants of the region are now known as the San Dieguito, the area of San Diego has been inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile, sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site San Miguel. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast, in May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California, in July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in, Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks, in 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, the 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde, defeating Pío Pico in the vote
San Diego
–
Images from top, left to right: San Diego Skyline,
Coronado Bridge, museum in
Balboa Park, Serra Museum in
Presidio Park and the
Old Point Loma lighthouse
San Diego
–
Kumeyaay people lived in San Diego before Europeans settled there.
San Diego
–
Namesake of the city,
Didacus of Alcalá: Saint Didacus in Ecstasy Before the Cross by Murillo (Musée des Augustins)
San Diego
–
Mission San Diego de Alcalá
48.
San Diego mayoral election, 2012
–
The 2012 San Diego mayoral election was held on Tuesday, November 6,2012, to elect the mayor for San Diego. Incumbent mayor Jerry Sanders was term-limited and ineligible to run for re-election, municipal elections in California are officially non-partisan, though some candidates do receive funding and support from various political parties. The non-partisan primary was held Tuesday, June 5,2012, Filner was elected mayor with a majority of the votes in the November election. A few weeks after the local Republican party endorsed DeMaio, Fletcher announced he was leaving the Republican party, in the primary election held June 5, DeMaio placed first with 31.4 percent of the vote, followed by Filner with 30.5 percent. Trailing were Fletcher with 24.1 percent and Dumanis with 13.3 percent, as the top two vote-getters, DeMaio and Filner advanced to the November ballot. Filner was then elected mayor with 52.5 percent of the votes in the November election
San Diego mayoral election, 2012
–
Nominee
San Diego mayoral election, 2012
49.
Inland Empire (California)
–
The Inland Empire is a metropolitan area and region in Southern California. The term may be used to refer to the cities of western Riverside County, most of the areas population is located in southwestern San Bernardino County and northwestern Riverside County. At the end of the century, the Inland Empire was a major center of agriculture, including citrus, dairy. The term Inland Empire is documented to have used by the Riverside Enterprise newspaper as early as April 1914. Developers in the area likely introduced the term to promote the region, the Inland part of the name is derived from the regions location, about 60 miles inland from Los Angeles and the Pacific Ocean. Originally, this area was called the Orange Empire due to the acres of citrus groves that once extended from Pasadena to Redlands during the first half of the twentieth century. The Inland Empire is a region, but is defined as the cities of western Riverside County. A generally broader definition will include the community of Palm Springs and its surrounding area. What is now known as the Inland Empire was inhabited for thousands of years, prior to the eighteenth century, by the Tongva, Serrano. With Spanish colonization and the subsequent Mexican era the area was populated at the land grant Ranchos. The first American settlers, a group of Mormon pioneers, arrived over the Cajon Pass in 1851, although the Mormons left a scant six years later, recalled to Salt Lake City by Brigham Young during the churchs Utah War with the US government, other settlers soon followed. Base Line road, a thoroughfare, today runs from Highland to San Dimas. San Bernardino County was first formed out of parts of Los Angeles County on April 26,1853, while the partition once included what is today most of Riverside County, the region is not as monolithic as it may sound. On August 14,1893, the state Senate allowed Riverside County to form out of previously in San Bernardino and San Diego counties. County and become the seat of what would have been called San Antonio County, the arrival of rail and the importation of navel and Valencia orange trees in the 1870s touched off explosive growth, with the area quickly becoming a major center for citrus production. In 1926, Route 66 came through the parts of the area. The region experienced significant economic and population growth through most of the half of the twentieth century. In the early 1990s, the loss of the military bases
Inland Empire (California)
–
San Bernardino
Inland Empire (California)
–
Riverside
Inland Empire (California)
–
Ontario
Inland Empire (California)
–
Yucca Valley, within the
Morongo Basin, is halfway between the San Bernardino Valley and the Arizona State line
50.
Ventura County
–
Ventura County is a county in the southern part of the U. S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 823,318, Ventura County comprises the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is also considered the southernmost county along the California Central Coast, Ventura County was historically inhabited by the Chumash people, who also settled much of Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo Counties, with their presence dating back 10, 000-12,000 years. The Chumash were hunter-gatherers, fishermen, and also traders with the Mojave, Yokuts, the Chumash are also known for their rock paintings and for their great basketry. Chumash Indian Museum in Thousand Oaks has several reconstructed Chumash houses and there are several Chumash pictographs in the county, the plank canoe, called a tomol in Chumash, was important to their way of life. Canoe launching points on the mainland for trade with the Chumash of the Channel Islands were located at the mouth of the Ventura River, Mugu Lagoon and this has led to speculations among archeologists of whether the Chumash could have had a pre-historic contact with Polynesians. According to diachronic linguistics, certain words such as tomolo’o could be related to Polynesian languages, the dialect of the Chumash language that was spoken in Ventura County was Ventureño. Others include Point Mugu from the word Muwu, Saticoy from the word Sa’aqtiko’y, in October 1542, the expedition led by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo anchored in an inlet near Point Mugu, its members were the first Europeans to arrive in the area that would become Ventura County. Active occupation of California by Spain began in 1769, gaspar de Portolà led a military expedition by land from San Diego to Monterey, passing through Ventura County in August of that year. A priest with the expedition, Father Juan Crespí, kept a journal of the trip and noted that the area was ideal for a mission to be established, also on this expedition was Father Junípero Serra, who later founded a mission on this site. On March 31,1782, the Mission San Buenaventura was founded by Father Serra and it is named after Saint Bonaventure, one of the early intellectual founders of the Franciscan Order. The town that grew up around the mission, was originally and remains named San Buenaventura, in the 1790s, the Spanish Governor of California began granting land concessions to Spanish Californians who were often retiring soldiers. These concessions were known as ranchos and consisted of thousands of acres of land that were used primarily as ranch land for livestock, in Ventura County, Rancho Simi was granted in 1795 and Rancho El Conejo in 1802. Fernando Tico was granted Ojai and part of Ventura by Gov. Alvarado, California land that had been vested in the King of Spain was now owned by the nation of Mexico. By the 1830s, Mission San Buenaventura was in a decline with fewer neophytes joining the mission, the number of cattle owned by the mission dropped from first to fifteenth ranking in the California Missions. The missions were secularized by the Mexican government in 1834, the Mexican governors began granting land rights to Mexican Californians, often retiring soldiers. By 1846, there were 19 rancho grants in Ventura County, in 1836, Mission San Buenaventura was transferred from the Church to a secular administrator. The natives who had been working at the mission left to work on the ranchos
Ventura County
Ventura County
Ventura County
Ventura County
