1.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
2.
John Chiang (California politician)
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John Chiang is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who has served as the California State Treasurer since January 5,2015. He previously served as California State Controller from 2007 to 2015, on May 17,2016, Chiang announced his campaign for Governor of California in the 2018 race. Chiang is the son of immigrants from Taiwan, Chiangs mother, Shen Yin-hsiang, was a Tainan native, who studied abroad in Japan before immigrating to the United States to pursue further studies. Chiangs parents met at the University of Notre Dame, and soon married, Chiang was born in New York City and grew up in Chicago. Chiang attended Carl Sandburg High School where he served as student body vice-president alongside student body president Dave Jones and he graduated with honors with a degree in finance from the University of South Florida and has a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center. Chiangs decision to pursue law was influenced by his grandfather, Shen Rong. He moved to Los Angeles in 1987 where he got involved with the Democratic Party of the San Fernando Valley, Chiang began his career as a tax law specialist for the IRS. He worked as an attorney for then-California State Controller Gray Davis and he was appointed to the California Board of Equalization in 1997 after incumbent Brad Sherman resigned after being elected to the U. S. House of Representatives. Chiang was then elected to the office in 1998 and elected to a second term in 2002. He was Chair and represented the Fourth District, primarily serving southern Los Angeles County, Chiang ran for California State Controller in 2006. He won the Democratic primary with 53%, defeating State Senator Joe Dunn, in the general election, he defeated Republican State Assemblyman Tony Strickland by over 870,000 votes. Chiang was inaugurated on January 8,2007, Chiangs actions were praised as having gotten a needed discussion reignited. In June 2007, a U. S. District Judge banned the State Controllers office from seizing unclaimed property because the State was not giving fair notice to the owner and public. By October 2007, the U. S. District Judge found that Chiangs measures satisfie constitutional due process, Chiang claimed that he had both constitutional and statutory authority to continue payments and that Schwarzenegger was trying to make Chiang do something thats improper and illegal. He received support from the Democratic leadership in the state Senate, when Schwarzenegger issued a formal executive order, Chiang sent a formal letter to Schwarzenegger reiterating his position. At a rally of workers in Los Angeles, Chiang called them innocent victims of a political struggle. Chiang ran for a term in 2010. He was unopposed in the Democratic primary and faced a rematch with Strickland in the general election, Chiang defeated him again, by over 1.83 million votes
3.
Term of office
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A term of office is the length of time a person serves in a particular elected office. In many jurisdictions there is a limit on how long terms of office may be before the officeholder must be subject to re-election. Some jurisdictions exercise term limits, setting a number of terms an individual may hold in a particular office. Being the origin of the Westminster system, aspects of the United Kingdoms system of government are replicated in other countries. The monarch serves as head of state until his or her death or abdication, in the United Kingdom Members of Parliament in the House of Commons are elected for the duration of the parliament. Following dissolution of the Parliament, an election is held which consists of simultaneous elections for all seats. For most MPs this means that their terms of office are identical to the duration of the Parliament, an MP elected in a by-election mid-way through a Parliament, regardless of how long they have occupied the seat, is not exempt from facing re-election at the next general election. The Septennial Act 1715 provided that a Parliament expired seven years after it had been summoned, prior to the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 parliaments had no minimum duration. Parliaments could be dissolved early by the monarch at the Prime Ministers request, the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 mandated that Parliaments should last their full five years. Early dissolution is possible, but under much more limited circumstances. Hereditary peers and life peers retain membership of the House of Lords for life, Lords Spiritual hold membership of the House of Lords until the end of their time as bishops, though a senior bishop may be made a life peer upon the end of their bishopric. The devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are variations on the system of government used at Westminster, the office of the leader of the devolved administrations has no numeric term limit imposed upon it. However, in the case of the Scottish Government and the Welsh Assembly Government there are fixed terms for which the legislatures can sit and this is imposed at four years. Elections may be held before this time but only if no administration can be formed, offices of local government other regional elected officials follow similar rules to the national offices discussed above, with persons elected to fixed terms of a few years. Federal judges have different terms in office, however, the majority of the federal judiciary, Article III judges, such as those of the Supreme Court, courts of appeal, and federal district courts, serve for life. The terms of office for officials in state governments according to the provisions of state constitutions. The term for state governors is four years in all states but Vermont and New Hampshire, the National Conference of State Legislatures reported in January 2007 that among state legislatures,44 states had terms of office for the lower house of the state legislature at two years. Five had terms of office at four years,37 states had terms of office for the upper house of the state legislature at four years
4.
California Constitution
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The Constitution of the State of California is the document that establishes and describes the duties, powers, structure and function of the government of the U. S. state of California. Article 3, Section 2 of the current Constitution references the original boundaries as stated in the 1849 Constitution at Article 7. The result of Progressive mistrust of elected officials, the 1879 constitution is the third longest in the world, californias constitution is one of the longest collections of laws in the world, taking up 110 pages. Part of this length is caused by the fact that many voter initiatives take the form of a constitutional amendment, the constitution can be changed by initiatives passed by voters. Initiatives can be proposed by the governor, legislature, or by popular petition, many of the individual rights clauses in the state constitution have been construed as protecting rights even broader than the Bill of Rights in the federal constitution. This caused the California Supreme Court to find Capital Punishment unconstitional on state Constitutional grounds in the 1972 case of People v. Anderson, the constitution has undergone numerous changes since its original drafting. It was rewritten from scratch several times prior to the drafting of the current 1879 constitution, from 1911, the height of the U. S. Progressive Era, to 1986, the California Constitution was amended or revised over 500 times, the constitution gradually became increasingly bloated, leading to abortive efforts towards a third constitutional convention in 1897,1914,1919,1930,1934 and 1947. By 1962 the constitution had grown to 75,000 words and that year, the electorate approved the creation of a California Constitution Revision Commission, which worked on a comprehensive revision of the constitution from 1964 to 1976. The Commission ultimately removed about 40,000 words from the constitution, many of the signatories to the states original 1849 constitution were themselves prominent in their own right, and are therefore listed below. The list is notable for the inclusion of several Californios, the California Constitution is one of the longest in the world. Unlike other state constitutions, the California Constitution strongly protects the corporate existence of cities and counties, the Constitution gives charter cities, in particular, supreme authority over municipal affairs, even allowing such cities local laws to trump state law. By specifically enabling cities to pay counties to perform governmental functions for them, many of the individual rights clauses in the state constitution have been construed as protecting rights broader than the Bill of Rights in the federal constitution. The constitution also confers upon women equality of rights in entering or pursuing a business, profession, vocation and this is the earliest state constitutional equal rights provision on record. Two universities are expressly mentioned in the constitution, the University of California, UC is one of only nine state-run public universities in the United States whose independence from political interference is expressly guaranteed by the state constitution. Since 1900, Stanford has enjoyed the benefit of a constitutional clause shielding Stanford-owned property from taxes as long as it is used for educational purposes. The constitution of California distinguishes between constitutional amendments and revisions, the latter of which is considered to be a change to the entire constitution. A less extensive change in one or more of its provisions, both require passage of a California ballot proposition by voters, but they differ in how they may be proposed. S
5.
Finance
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Finance is a field that deals with the study of investments. It includes the dynamics of assets and liabilities over time under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty, Finance can also be defined as the science of money management. Finance aims to price assets based on their level and their expected rate of return. Finance can be broken into three different sub-categories, public finance, corporate finance and personal finance. g, health and property insurance, investing and saving for retirement. Personal finance may also involve paying for a loan, or debt obligations, net worth is a persons balance sheet, calculated by adding up all assets under that persons control, minus all liabilities of the household, at one point in time. Household cash flow totals up all the sources of income within a year. From this analysis, the financial planner can determine to what degree, adequate protection, the analysis of how to protect a household from unforeseen risks. These risks can be divided into the following, liability, property, death, disability, health, some of these risks may be self-insurable, while most will require the purchase of an insurance contract. Determining how much insurance to get, at the most cost effective terms requires knowledge of the market for personal insurance, business owners, professionals, athletes and entertainers require specialized insurance professionals to adequately protect themselves. Since insurance also enjoys some tax benefits, utilizing insurance investment products may be a piece of the overall investment planning. Tax planning, typically the income tax is the single largest expense in a household, managing taxes is not a question of if you will pay taxes, but when and how much. Government gives many incentives in the form of tax deductions and credits, most modern governments use a progressive tax. Typically, as ones income grows, a marginal rate of tax must be paid. Understanding how to take advantage of the tax breaks when planning ones personal finances can make a significant impact in which it can later save you money in the long term. Investment and accumulation goals, planning how to accumulate enough money - for large purchases, major reasons to accumulate assets include, purchasing a house or car, starting a business, paying for education expenses, and saving for retirement. Achieving these goals requires projecting what they will cost, and when you need to withdraw funds that will be necessary to be able to achieve these goals, a major risk to the household in achieving their accumulation goal is the rate of price increases over time, or inflation. Using net present value calculators, the planner will suggest a combination of asset earmarking. In order to overcome the rate of inflation, the investment portfolio has to get a higher rate of return, managing these portfolio risks is most often accomplished using asset allocation, which seeks to diversify investment risk and opportunity
6.
California State Controller
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The State Controller of California is the Chief Financial Officer of the State of California in the United States. The post has broader responsibilities and authority than the California State Treasurer, responsibilities include investigative authority for every dollar spent by the state, and being an ex-officio member of the states Board of Equalization. The State Controller is elected to a term but is limited to two terms. The current state controller is Betty Yee, as the state’s chief fiscal officer, acts as the state’s accountant and bookkeeper of all public funds. Administers the state system and unclaimed property laws. Serves on 76 boards and commissions, including the Board of Equalization, Franchise Tax Board, CalPERS, conducts audits and reviews of state operations. The office performs a multitude of financial audits, compliance audits and it is considered one of the premiere audit agencies of the State of California. Noted former Deputy State Controllers include Barrett McInerney, James Burton, and Laurette Healey
7.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
8.
Know Nothing
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The Native American Party, renamed the American Party in 1855 and commonly known as the Know Nothing movement, was an American political party that operated nationally in the mid-1850s. The motivators of the Partys rise were,1. )Nativist sentiment caused by the sudden, unprecedented influx of German and Irish immigrants in the late 1840s,2. )A rapid, steep decline in wages caused by the sudden influx of very large numbers of Irish immigrants fleeing the potato famine,3. )The threat members perceived that the expansion of slavery into factory labor. In the eyes of supporters of both the Free Soil and Know Nothing movements, the existence of black slavery threatened to reduce free, white workers to wage slaves, and 4. )Fear that land in the western territories would be awarded to wealthy slave plantation owners rather than to white small farmers. It was due to fear that slavery would destroy the economic prospects of working families that the Party enrolled massive numbers of voters in the wake of the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. The Partys most prominent leaders were U. S, the American Party nominated former President Millard Fillmore in the 1856 presidential election. Anti-Catholicism had been a factor in colonial America but played little role in American politics until the arrival of large numbers of Irish and it then reemerged in nativist attacks on Catholic immigration. It appeared in New York politics as early as 1843, under the banner of the American Republican Party, the movement quickly spread to nearby states, using that name or Native American Party or variants of it. They succeeded in a number of local and Congressional elections, notably in 1844 in Philadelphia, in the early 1850s, numerous secret orders grew up, of which the Order of United Americans and the Order of the Star Spangled Banner came to be the most important. They merged in New York in the early 1850s as an order that quickly spread across the North, reaching non-Catholics. The name Know Nothing originated in the organization of the party. When a member was asked about its activities, he was supposed to reply, outsiders called them Know Nothings, and the name stuck. In 1855, the Know Nothings first entered politics under the American Party label, the immigration of large numbers of Irish and German Catholics to the United States in the period between 1830 and 1860 made religious differences between Catholics and Protestants a political issue. Violence occasionally erupted at the polls, Protestants alleged that Pope Pius IX had put down the failed liberal Revolutions of 1848 and that he was an opponent of liberty, democracy and Republicanism. One Boston minister described Catholicism as the ally of tyranny, the opponent of material prosperity, the foe of thrift, the enemy of the railroad, the caucus, and the school. In 1849, a secret society, the Order of the Star Spangled Banner, was created by Charles B. Allen in New York City. Fear of Catholic immigration led to a dissatisfaction with the Democratic Party, activists formed secret groups, coordinating their votes and throwing their weight behind candidates sympathetic to their cause. When asked about these organizations, members were to reply I know nothing. Immigration during the first five years of the 1850s reached a level five times greater than a decade earlier, most of the new arrivals were poor Catholic peasants or laborers from Ireland and Germany who crowded into the tenements of large cities
9.
Delos R. Ashley
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Delos Rodeyn Ashley was a California and Nevada politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from Nevada. Aslhey was born at Arkansas Post, Arkansas Territory on February 19,1819 and he received his education in the local schools, studied law in Monroe, Michigan, was admitted to the bar in 1849, and moved to Monterey, California, where he established a practice. A Republican, he served as attorney of Monterey County from 1851 to 1852. From 1854 to 1855 he represented the 3rd District in the California State Assembly, from 1856 to 1857 Ashley served in the California State Senate. He served as California State Treasurer from 1862 to 1863, in 1864 Ashley moved to Virginia City, Nevada. Later that year he was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Nevadas at-large district and he was reelected in 1866 and served from March 4,1865 to March 3,1869. He was not a candidate for reelection in 1868, Ashley moved to Pioche, Nevada in 1871 and resumed practicing law. His health began to fail in 1872 and Ashley moved to San Francisco and he lived in retirement until his death in San Francisco on July 18,1873. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
10.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883. The Republicans supported the pietistic Protestants who demanded Prohibition, nevertheless, by 1890 the Republicans had agreed to the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Interstate Commerce Commission in response to complaints from owners of small businesses and farmers
11.
Romualdo Pacheco
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José Antonio Romualdo Pacheco, Jr. was a Californio politician and diplomat. Pacheco remains the only Hispanic or Latino governor in the history as part of the U. S. He was also the states first governor to be born in California, Pacheco represented California in the United States House of Representatives from March 4,1877 to February 7,1878, and from March 4,1879 to March 3,1883. He was the first Hispanic Representative from a U. S. state, several others had served as delegates for U. S. territories. José Antonio Romualdo Pacheco, Jr. was a Californio, born in Santa Barbara and his father, Captain José Antonio Romualdo Pacheco, had moved to Alta California from Guanajuato, Mexico in 1825, and served as an aide to Governor José María de Echeandía. Captain Pacheco was killed at the Battle of Cahuenga Pass in 1831 and his mother, Maria Ramona Carrillo de Pacheco, was a sister-in-law of General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, and a daughter of Maria Ygnacia Lopez de Carrillo, the grantee of Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa. After the death of his father, Romualdos mother married Captain John D. Wilson, a Scotsman, at age twelve, Pacheco began an apprenticeship aboard a trading vessel. The Mexican-American War broke out two years later, and he was held by American forces on one trip in July 1846 as he brought cargo to Yerba Buena. The ship he was on was searched, and he made an oath of allegiance to the United States and was released, Pachecos association with a prominent family in the state helped him to gain support as he entered politics in the 1850s. He was also respected by Anglos coming into the area. Early in his career in the 1850s, he was a Democrat. He became affiliated with the National Union Party in the 1860s, Pacheco was elected to the state senate in 1857 and re-elected two times, serving until 1863. Pacheco served as treasurer from 1863 to 1867, then returned to the State Senate until becoming lieutenant governor. He served as Lieutenant Governor of California under Newton Booth until Booth was elected to the United States Senate in 1875. Pacheco then served as governor from February 27,1875 to December 9,1875, after briefly serving as governor, Pacheco ran for a U. S. House seat, defeating incumbent Peter D. Wigginton by just one vote. Wigginton contested the election, eventually forcing Pacheco to leave in 1878 when the House Committee on Elections refused Pachecos certificate of election, returning to California, he went into business until winning a House seat again in September 1879. After leaving Congress, Pacheco lived on a ranch in the northern Mexican state of Coahuila for five years until appointed U. S. Minister to Central America in 1890 and he returned to California in 1893, and died in Oakland in 1899
12.
Antonio F. Coronel
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Antonio Francisco Coronel was a Californio of Mexican Alta California, that transitioned into various political offices after U. S. statehood of California in 1850. He served as the mayor of Los Angeles from 1853 to 1854. Antonio Francisco Coronel was the son of Ygnacio Coronel, born in Mexico City in the last years of colonial New Spain, Coronel was 17 years of age when he came to Alta California with his parents in 1834, as a part of the Híjar-Padrés Colony. In 1838, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of Tribunals for the Pueblo de Los Ángeles, in 1843, he became Justice of the Peace. During the Mexican-American War in 1846-47, Antonio served as a captain and sergeant-at-arms in the Mexican artillery, once the war had ended, Antonio Coronel served as the first Los Angeles County Assessor from 1850 to 1856. In 1853, Coronel became Mayor of Los Angeles, Coronel served as a ward councilman on the Los Angeles Common Council He was the California State Treasurer from 1867 to 1871. In 1873, Coronel married Mariana Williamson and his donated collection made the basis for the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Antonio Coronel became the owner of Rancho Los Feliz
13.
Friend William Richardson
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Friend William Richardson, was an American newspaper publisher and politician. William Richardson was born in December 1865 to William and Rhoda Richardson at Friends Colony, Michigan, early in his life, William legally changed his first name to Friend, the traditional Quaker greeting. In his young life, Richardson worked as a county clerk and law librarian. Five years later, Richardson became the owner and newspaper editor of The San Bernardino Times Index, in 1900, Richardson relocated to Berkeley where he purchased within a year The Berkeley Daily Gazette and became active in the California Press Association. Due to greater recognition, Richardson was increasingly noticed by the state government. In 1901, Richardson was appointed as Superintendent of the State Printing Office with the consent of the California State Legislature and Governor Henry Gage. The Richardson family relocated to Sacramento where he assumed state printing responsibilities, while at the same time, in 1914, Richardson officially entered politics, running as a Progressive for California State Treasurer. Richardson easily defeated his Socialist and Prohibitionist rivals by a gap of 66 percent.2 percent of the vote. After two successful terms as treasurer, Richardson set his sights on the governorship as the Republican Partys nomination in 1922. Running against incumbent William Stephens in the primary election, Richardson campaigned on a conservative platform. The campaign worked, successfully defeating Governor Stephens and effectively returned the state Republican Party to a conservative bent. With Stephens out of the 1922 general election, Richardson faced Democrat Thomas L. Woolwine, amongst Richardsons supporters in the election were the Ku Klux Klan, which deeply opposed Woolwines Catholicism, as well as being an organization that was rumored to count Richardson as a member. His campaign manager in the election, California State Assemblyman Frank Merriam, in the end, Richardson triumphed in the election, defeating Woolwine by nearly 24 percent of the vote. Richardson began his governorship on January 9,1923, promising a no-frills administration to cut governmental expenditures. In 1911 the people did a job of political house cleaning, Richardson spoke, alluding the Hiram Johnson. During the past few years another great political machine has come into power which has cost the people millions of dollars and it will be necessary to first wreck this political machine before the state can be put on an economical basis and the government again handed back to the people. Richardson embarked on a program to eliminate unnecessary boards and officers, by consolidation, in his various modifications to the state bureaucracy, Richardson appointed various individuals that were favorable to corporate interests. A proposal by Richardson to close two state universities, believing that education had become too costly for state coffers, was defeated by the Progressives
14.
Progressive Party (United States, 1912)
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The Progressive Party of 1912 was an American third party. The new party was known for taking advanced positions on progressive reforms, beset by factionalism and failure to win many offices, the party went into rapid decline by 1914 and virtually disappeared in 1916. The Progressive party was nicknamed the Bull Moose Party after journalists quoted Roosevelt saying that he felt fit as a bull moose shortly after the new party was formed. He had selected Taft, his Secretary of War, to succeed him as presidential candidate, Roosevelt became disappointed by Tafts increasingly conservative policies. Taft upset Roosevelt when he used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to sue U. S. Steel for an action that President Roosevelt had explicitly approved and they became openly hostile, and Roosevelt decided to seek the presidency. Roosevelt entered the late, as Taft was already being challenged by progressive leader Senator Robert La Follette of Wisconsin. Most of La Follettes supporters switched to Roosevelt, leaving the Wisconsin Senator embittered, nine of the states where progressive elements were strongest had set up preference primaries, which Roosevelt won. For example, he bought up the votes of delegates from the southern states, the Republican national convention rejected Roosevelts protests. Roosevelt and his supporters walked out, and the convention re-nominated Taft, the next day, Roosevelt supporters met to form a new political party of their own. California governor Hiram Johnson became its chairman, and a new convention was scheduled for August, Roosevelts family gave $77,500 and others gave $164,000. The total was nearly $600,000, far less than the major parties, the new party had serious structural defects. Since it insisted on running complete tickets against the regular Republican ticket in most states, the exception was California, where the progressive element took control of the Republican Party and Taft was not even on the November ballot. Only five of the 15 more progressive Republican Senators declared support for it, Republican Representatives, governors, committeemen, and the publishers and editors of Republican-leaning newspapers showed comparable reluctance. Many of Roosevelts closest political allies supported Taft, including his son-in-law, for men like Longworth, expecting a future of his own in Republican politics, bolting the party would have seemed tantamount to career suicide. However, many independent reformers still signed up, despite these obstacles, the August convention opened with great enthusiasm. Over 2,000 delegates attended, including many women, in 1912, neither Taft nor Wilson endorsed womens suffrage on the national level. The notable suffragist and social worker Jane Addams gave a speech for Roosevelts nomination. However, Roosevelt insisted on excluding black Republicans from the South, yet he alienated white southern supporters on the eve of the election by publicly dining with black people at a Rhode Island hotel
15.
Ivy Baker Priest
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Ivy Baker Priest was Treasurer of the United States from 1953 to 1961 and California State Treasurer from 1967 to 1975. Priest was born in Kimberly, Utah on September 7,1905, to Clara Fernley and her father worked as a gold miner in Kimberly and later as a copper miner in the town of Bingham Canyon. She was active in politics from high school, when she worked to register voters in a mayoral campaign and she was a delegate to the GOP state convention in 1932, and ran for Congress in Utah on the Republican ticket in 1934, but lost. On December 7,1935 in Salt Lake City, Utah, beginning in 1944 she served for several years as Utahs Republican National Committeewoman, and in 1950 ran for Congress in Utah again and lost for a second time. She served as Treasurer of the United States under President Eisenhower from January 28,1953 to January 29,1961, in 1967 she became national chairman of the Easter Seals. On June 20,1961 in Los Angeles, California, she married Sidney William Stevens, in 1967 she was elected as a Republican to the office of California State Treasurer, serving two terms from 1967 until her death in 1975. She died of cancer in Santa Monica, California on June 23,1975 and she was buried in the Wasatch Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, Salt Lake City, Utah. She was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Priest was the mother of Pat Priest, an actress best known for playing Marilyn Munster in the 1960s television show The Munsters. We women dont care too much about getting our pictures on money as long as we can get our hands on it and we seldom stop to think how many peoples lives are entwined with our own. It is a form of selfishness to imagine that every individual can operate on his own or can pull out of the general stream, the World is round and the place which may seem like the end may also be the beginning. “Im often wrong, but never in doubt. ”Ivy Baker Priest at Find a Grave A film clip Longines Chronoscope with Ivy Baker Priest is available at the Internet Archive
16.
Jesse M. Unruh
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Jesse Marvin Unruh, also known as Big Daddy Unruh, was a well-known American Democratic politician and the California State Treasurer. Born 1922 in Newton, Kansas, Unruh served in the U. S. Navy during World War II, after the war, he enrolled at the University of Southern California, receiving a B. A. in political science and journalism during 1948. Unruhs political career began as a candidate for the California State Assembly during 1950 and 1952. He was elected as a member of the Assembly on his attempt during 1954. During 1956, he was a candidate for Presidential elector for California as a Democrat. Unruh was Speaker of the California State Assembly from 1961 to 1969, as a national official of the Democratic Party, he often feuded with Governor of California Pat Brown, a fellow Democrat, and was a case-study of James Q. Wilsons treatise on politics, The Amateur Democrat. In the confusion that followed, Unruh helped keep suspect Sirhan Sirhan from the reach of angry Kennedy devotees, Unruh left the legislature to campaign unsuccessfully for governor against Ronald Reagan during 1970. One of his workers was Timothy Kraft, who a decade later was the campaign manager for the unsuccessful reelection bid of President Jimmy Carter. In 1973, Unruh ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of Los Angeles, when he campaigned for state treasurer during 1974, the post was considered insignificant. Unruhs radio advertisements assured voters, Make no mistake about it, once elected, Unruh politicized the office. The Wall Street Journal noted he became the most politically powerful public finance officer outside the U. S. Treasury, California pension funds were a major source of revenue for Wall Street underwriting companies, and Unruh secured campaign contributions in exchange for doing business with them. The New York Times said he had gained control of an obscure post whose duties had long emphasized bookkeeping, in characteristic fashion, he soon transformed the job into a source of financial and political power that reached from California to Wall Street. He served as treasurer from 1975 until his death from prostate cancer on August 4,1987,8 months into his 4th term as treasurer. Unruh remains the second longest-serving California State Treasurer, excepting only Charles G. Johnson, the University of Southern California Department of Political Science includes the Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics. Unruhs nickname Big Daddy apparently derives from a character in the Tennessee Williams play, former Senate pro Tempore Jim Mills in his book A Disorderly House insists it was given to him by then-Assemblyman Don Allen, though perhaps from the play. Another version is that Unruh was given the nickname by Raquel Welch when the two were romantically involved, though Welch denies the claim. Unruh was a Protestant and belonged to the American Legion and he married twice, and had five children
17.
Matt Fong
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In 1991, California Governor Pete Wilson appointed Fong to the State Board of Equalization, where he served as its Vice Chairman from 1991 to 1994. He left the Board in 1994 when he was elected State Treasurer for a term that began January 1995. In the 1998 U. S. Senate election, he challenged incumbent California Senator Barbara Boxer, despite support from Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott. He was President of the Strategic Advisory Group providing counsel to CEOs and senior executives on strategy and he was Special Counsel to the law firm of Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton. Fong held Series 7 and 63 securities licenses and was a principal of Belstar Group, Fong was an independent director of TCW Groups complex of mutual funds. He also served on two technology start-up companies boards of directors — one dealing with earthquake detection devices and the other involved with energy saving devices, U. S. President George W. Bush appointed Fong chairman of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Advisory Board. Fong also served as a Regent of Pepperdine University and a Trustee of Southwestern University School of Law and he lived in Pasadena, California with his wife, Paula, with whom he had two children, Matthew II and Jade. Fong died of cancer in his Pasadena home on June 1,2011 and he was buried at the United States Air Force Academy Cemetery in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He is survived by his mother, wife and children, California Crisis a Golden Opportunity for Voters. Unfair Taxes Are Hurting State Revenue by Killing Jobs, Sacramento Bee, matt Fong Scopes Asian Pacific American Economic Opportunities. Matthew Fongs profile at Sheppard Mullin
18.
Phil Angelides
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Phillip Nicholas Phil Angelides is an American politician who was California State Treasurer and the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Governor of California in the 2006 elections. Angelides served as the Chair of the Apollo Alliance and of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, Angelides was born in Sacramento, California, to Helen and Jerry Angelides, Greek immigrants. Growing up, Phil and his brother Kimon were encouraged by their father to learn about geography and their father would quiz them weekly on these topics. Angelides was educated at The Thacher School in Ojai, California and graduated from Harvard University in 1974, Angelides and his wife, Julie, reside in Land Park with their three now grown-up daughters, Megan, Christina, and Arianna. His eldest daughter, Megan Garcia-Angelides, was the coordinator for his 2006 campaign. Angelides interest in politics was ignited in 1971, during his freshman year. In 1973, while in college, Angelides unsuccessfully ran for Sacramento City Council against a popular incumbent, from 1975 to 1983, Angelides worked for Californias Housing and Community Development agency. During that time, he ran unsuccessfully for City Council in 1977. Angelides was a supporter and fundraiser of the eventual 1988 Democratic Presidential Nominee, Michael Dukakis. Dukakis has referred to Phil as one of the five or 10 best people in American politics today and his work with Dukakis led him to serve as the chairman of the California Democratic Party from 1991 to 1993. Angelides first ran for State Treasurer in 1994, losing in the election to Matt Fong. He served as Co-Chair of the Sacramento Mayor’s Commission on Education and he then ran again for State Treasurer in 1998 as a Democrat and won, and was re-elected in 2002. From 1999 to 2007, Angelides served as California State Treasurer, for example, in April 2006 CalSTRS board members unanimously supported Angelides’ motion to divest from Sudan to pressure an end to the government-backed genocide in Sudan. New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer complimented Angelides plan saying, today’s announcement is an important first step in ensuring that these reforms become the new market standard. Angelides, along with 10 other state treasurers and controllers, called on the SEC to approve a rule giving shareholders the right to nominate candidates for corporate boards of directors. On April 29,2006, Angelides was endorsed by the California Democratic Party at the California State Democratic Convention in Sacramento, despite this, polls from around that time showed that his opponent in the race, California State Controller Steve Westly, had an advantage in the primary. He also received the endorsement of the liberal San Francisco Bay Guardian, a Field Poll held on June 2,2006, had Westly leading Angelides by one percentage point, 35% to 34% with 26% undecided. Following his primary defeat on June 6, California State Controller Steve Westly endorsed the victorious Angelides as did Assemblyman Mark Leno, for a time, Angelides used California Democratic Party political operative Bob Mulholland
19.
Bill Lockyer
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Lockyer attended the University of California, Berkeley, graduating with a BA in Political Science in 1965. His first job was as a school history teacher. In 1986, Lockyer graduated with a JD from University of the Pacifics McGeorge School of Law, by an earlier marriage, he also has an adult daughter who is an attorney for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Lockyer first won a State Assembly seat in a Special Election of September 4,1973, in his spare time, Lockyer attended law school classes in Sacramento and received a law degree from the McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific. And Democratic Speaker of the Assembly Willie Brown, who recalled that, by the time Lockyer left the Legislature in 1998, as a freshman legislator in 1974, Lockyer wrote the first legislation to provide state funding for emergency oil spill decontamination. Requiring city, county and regional cooperation, the Bay Trail marked its 20th year in 2009 with 293 miles so far open to hikers, bicyclists, joggers and walkers. Though Lockyer was nominally honored as father of the Bay Trail, in 1984, Lockyer sponsored the States first hate crimes legislation which, as later amended, provided that no person. Later, as Attorney General, Lockyer was responsible for coordinating enforcement of this statute by local law enforcement, doctors got promises that protections already in place against lawsuits would not be touched. Insurance companies won a reprieve from threatened regulations gaining momentum in the Legislature and this compromise had already been worked out, the dinner was meant to ratify a future peace pact among all the concerned parties to abide by the compromise. Lockyer, who had acted as mediator during the negotiations, scribbled the terms of the pact on a restaurant cloth napkin. The compromise bill was then ramrodded through the Assembly and State Senate on the last night of that years legislative session, though it was only Lockyers theatrical touch of writing the agreement on a napkin that made it especially memorable, the napkin deal became legendary in the State Capitol. The public is served, Lockyer said at the time. As Senate President Pro Tem, Lockyer was a key negotiator in these private negotiations, old-fashioned balanced budget, ”, linked to a bi-partisan billion-dollar tax mega-deal, a complex legislative package that cut state income taxes for middle class Californians. Elected Attorney General in 1998 after 25 years as a legislator with a small close-knit staff and he became one of the two most prominent state Attorneys General in the nation, rivaled in media attention only by New Yorks Eliot Spitzer. The two men were personal rivals as well, once coming to blows after screaming expletives at each other at a Los Angeles convention of the National Association of Attorneys General. That organization elected Lockyer its President in 2003, on other occasions, the positions Lockyer defended matched his own, as when he defended Californias 1996 legalization of medical marijuana against federal attacks by the Bush Administration. Lockyer found this particularly satisfying as he had come to strongly support compassionate use of Marijuana after living through his mothers and younger sisters deaths from leukemia. But the website did draw enormous public interest, receiving over 186,000,000 hits from more than 16,000,000 individual users in its first year of operation
20.
United States Secretary of the Treasury
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This position in the Federal Government of the United States is analogous to the Minister of Finance in many other countries. The Secretary of the Treasury is a member of the Presidents Cabinet, nominees for The Secretary of the Treasury undergo a confirmation hearing before the United States Senate Committee on Finance before being confirmed by the United States Senate. The Secretary of the Treasury is a member of the U. S. National Security Council. The Secretary along with the Treasurer must sign Federal Reserve notes before they can become legal tender, the Secretary also manages the United States Emergency Economic Stabilization fund. Most of the Departments law enforcement agencies such as the U. S. Customs Service, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, secret Service were reassigned to other Departments in 2003 in conjunction with the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. The Secretary of the Treasury salary is $205,700 annually,2 Deputy Secretary of the Treasury M. Peter McPherson served as Acting Secretary of the Treasury from August 17,1988, to September 15,1988. 4 Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Kenneth W. Dam served as Acting Secretary of the Treasury from December 31,2002,5 Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Robert M. Kimmitt served as Acting Secretary of the Treasury from June 30,2006, to July 9,2006. 7 Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Neal Wolin served as Acting Secretary of the Treasury from January 25,2013, as of April 2017, there are eleven living former Secretaries of the Treasury, the oldest being George P. Shultz. The most recent Secretary of the Treasury to die was Lloyd M. Bentsen, United States Department of the Treasury
21.
Young Boozer
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Young Jacob Boozer III, is the 39th State Treasurer of Alabama. He was elected to his first four-year term on November 2,2010 and was unopposed and reelected for a term on November 4,2014. He also plays an role in managing the Alabama Trust Fund, Alabama’s $3 billion investment fund built from the proceeds of the sale of the state’s offshore oil. Boozer was born in Birmingham and raised in Tuscaloosa and he became an Eagle Scout in 1962. He earned a degree in economics in 1971 from Stanford University. Boozer is married to the former Sally Jackson of Clayton, Alabama, Boozer was named after his father, who first made his name as a football star for the University of Alabama. His father was named after his father, the mayor of Samson, Boozer began his public service career duties as Deputy State Finance Director for Alabama Governor Bob Riley after retiring from banking in 2007. During his tenure in the Alabama Department of Finance, he played a key role in saving millions of dollars through the restructuring of state bond debt. Boozer left the Riley administration in early 2010 to run for State Treasurer in his first race for elected office and he is a member of the Montgomery Committee of 100, and a member of the Class of XXIV of Leadership Alabama. Boozer has served in many capacities at his alma mater, Stanford University, he has been on the board of trustees, chairman of the association. This will also provide protection and improvements to Alabama’s unclaimed property process. In addition, treasury staff has been streamlined from 46 positions to 31 while not only meeting, a needs-based college scholarship program was established to help first time college enrollees in Alabama. In February 2017, the office launched the Enable Savings Plan Alabama for individuals with disabilities, the treasury staff now meets with some 20 state agencies annually to review the performance of their investments, which are managed by the treasury. Boozer is a member of the National Association of State Treasurers and he is a member of the College Savings Plans Network’s Executive Board and serves as its chair. CSPN is an affiliate of the National Association of State Treasurers that works to promote, the CSPN Executive Board is composed of state officials elected by their peers to serve as a leadership team
22.
Arizona State Treasurer
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The state treasurer is Arizona state government’s chief banker and investment officer. The Treasurer’s Office manages Arizona’s annual state revenues, directs the state’s banking services, the state treasurer also serves on the management boards of a number of public entities. The state treasurer is one of six elected officials. A person may serve as state treasurer for two terms. Official website of Arizona elected officials salaries official website of the Arizona State Treasurer
23.
Jeff DeWit
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Jeff DeWit is an American businessman and politician from the state of Arizona. A member of the Republican Party, DeWit became the State Treasurer of Arizona in 2015, DeWit has announced that he will not run for reelection in 2018. DeWit received his degree in Business Administration and Finance from the University of Southern California, in 1999, DeWit started a stock trading company called ECHOtrade, in which he served as CEO for over 14 years. In politics, DeWit has served as a Precinct Committeeman, State Committeeman and he was also appointed by the Chairman of the Arizona Republican Party to serve on AZGOP Redistricting Committee. In 2014, he sought the office of Treasurer for the state of Arizona, a position being vacated by Doug Ducey, DeWit won the August primary, defeating his opponents former Mayor Hugh Hallman and former state party Chairman Randy Pullen by a large margin. DeWit was unopposed in the election, and was therefore the presumptive Treasurer of the State of Arizona. Currently, DeWit also serves as the operating officer of Republican presidential nominee Donald Trumps Presidential campaign. DeWit has announced that he not run for reelection at the end of his term as State Treasurer. DeWit is 43 years old, currently residing in Peoria, Arizona with his wife, Marina, as a part of his election campaign, his family appeared in a music video parody of Frozen
24.
Dennis Milligan
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Dennis Lee Milligan is the state treasurer of Arkansas. He won the Republican Party nomination in the election on May 20,2014. Milligan took office on January 13,2015, Milligan was born in Conway in Faulkner County, Arkansas. Prior to his election as treasurer, he was the circuit clerk of Saline County, based in Benton. Milligan is a chairman of the Arkansas Republican Party from 2007 to 2008 and has served as its treasurer. He ran against Duncan Baird in the 2014 primary, and his opponents in the election included Democrat Karen Garcia
25.
Walker Stapleton
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Walker Stapleton is serving in his second term as Colorados State Treasurer. Currently he is the only two-term Republican elected official serving in an elected office in Colorado. In 2014, he was named one of Americas top 24 rising political stars by the Aspen Institute, Walker Stapleton family has been active in Colorado since the early 1900s. Walker graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts, and he holds a degree in business economics from the London School of Economics. He is the son of diplomat Craig Roberts Stapleton and his great-grandfather Benjamin F. Stapleton, was a politician who served five terms as mayor of Denver. His mother, Dorothy Walker Stapleton, is a first cousin of former U. S. President George H. W. Bush, Walker, his wife Jenna, son Craig, and daughters Colette and Olivia live in Arapahoe county. His community efforts include serving on the Board of Directors of the Boys and his wife Jenna is on the Board of Advisors of ACE Scholarships. Together, on a basis, they are involved in many other Colorado charities
26.
Denise L. Nappier
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Denise Lynn Nappier is an American who serves as the current Connecticut State Treasurer, serving since 1999. A member of the Democratic Party, she was first elected in 1998 and was re-elected in 2002,2006,2010 and 2014 and she is the first African-American woman elected to statewide office in the history of Connecticut. In 2011, she was named to the Connecticut Womens Hall of Fame, born to parents Connie and Barbara Nappier in Hartford, Connecticut, she and her two sisters, Diane and Donna, were the first set of triplets born at the Mount Sinai Hospital. Nappier graduated from Hartford Public High School in 1969, Nappier graduated from Virginia State University, receiving her B. A. in 1973. She also graduated from University of Cincinnati, receiving her M. A. in City Planning in 1975, Nappier holds honorary degrees from Teikyo Post University, Trinity College, Briarwood College, University of Hartford and Saint Joseph College. After graduating, Nappier returned to Hartford, working as an analyst in the city manager’s office, from 1981 to 1984, she was hired by the University of Connecticut, working as the Director of Industrial Relation for the University of Connecticut Health Center. During that time, Nappier also served as the chair of the Hartford Redevelopment Authority, in 1989, Napier was elected the first of five terms as Hartford City Treasurer, a position she held until 1998. Frustrated with his defeat, Lecce challenged Nappier for the nomination in a primary challenge. In the general election, Napier faced Republican incumbent Paul J. Silvester, Libertarian Louis A. Garofalo, Nappier was the first woman and first African-American to be elected to statewide office in Connecticut. She ran for reelection in 2002, against Hartford attorney Ross Garber and she defeated Garber in the general election with 55%, winning the majority of the vote in every county in Connecticut. In 2006, Nappier defeated East Windsor first selectman Linda Roberts with 63% of the vote, in 2010, after Newington Mayor Jeff Wright suspended his campaign for Governor of Connecticut, he decided to run for State Treasurer. Nappier defeated Wright in the election, with 54% of the vote. As Connecticuts chief financial officer, Nappier oversees $52 billion in funds, including the states retirement plans. Since the bankruptcy of Enron, Nappier has been an advocate for tighter regulation of financial institutions, and McLeodUSA Inc. two toxic telecommunications firms that ended up filing for bankruptcy. Nappier and Bluementhal argued that the firm breached contractual obligations and fiduciary responsibilities, in April 2009, Nappier called on Bank of America CEO Ken Lewis to resign. Nappier is a member of the boards of both the National Association of Corporate Directors and the International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Nappier also serves as the treasurer for the National Association of State Treasurers, *Nappier was also listed on the Working Families Party line. *Nappier was also listed on the Working Families Party line, Herbst was also listed on the Independent Party line
California statewide elected officials
