1.
Calvin Klein (fashion designer)
–
Calvin Richard Klein is an American fashion designer who launched the company that would later become Calvin Klein Inc. in 1968. In addition to clothing, he also has given his name to a range of perfumes, watches, Klein is an American fashion designer of Hungarian ancestry. He was born to a Jewish family in The Bronx, New York and his father was an immigrant from Hungary while his mother was the daughter of an immigrant from Austria and an American dentist. He attended the High School of Art and Design and matriculated at and he did his apprenticeship in 1962 at an oldline cloak-and-suit manufacturer, Dan Millstein, and spent five years designing at other New York City shops. In 1968, he launched his first company with a childhood friend, Klein was one of several design leaders raised in the Jewish immigrant community in the Bronx, along with Robert Denning and Ralph Lauren. He was immediately recognized for his talent after his first major showing at New York City Fashion Week and he was hailed as the new Yves Saint Laurent, and was noted for his clean lines. Klein married Jayne Centre, a designer, in 1964. They have a daughter, Marci, who works as Talent Producer for NBCs Saturday Night Live. In September 1986 Klein married his assistant, Kelly Rector, in Rome while they were on a trip in Italy. She later became a well-known socialite photographer, after separating in 1996, they divorced in April 2006. In 2003, Klein bought an ocean-front estate in Southampton, New York, Klein is a supporter of the Democratic Party, having given over $250,000 to candidates and PACs since 1980. In 1974, Klein designed the tight-fitting signature jeans that would go on to gross $200,000 in their first week of sales, in that same year he also became the first designer to receive outstanding design in men’s and women’s wear from the CFDA award show. In 1983, he was placed on the International Best Dressed List, also in 1981,1983 and 1993, he received an award from Councils of Fashion Designs of America. Klein made a appearance in Season 3, Episode 15. A fictionalized version of him appears in Season 4, Episode 13. Calvin Klein, King of clothes The Latest Calvin by Michael Gross, NY Magazine August 8,1988
Calvin Klein (fashion designer)
–
Klein at the 2011
Tribeca Film Festival Vanity Fair party
2.
Apparel
–
Clothing is fiber and textile material worn on the body. The wearing of clothing is mostly restricted to human beings and is a feature of all human societies. The amount and type of clothing worn depends on type, social. Some clothing types can be gender-specific, physically, clothing serves many purposes, it can serve as protection from the elements, and can enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking. It protects the wearer from rough surfaces, rash-causing plants, insect bites, splinters, thorns, Clothes can insulate against cold or hot conditions. Further, they can provide a barrier, keeping infectious. Clothing also provides protection from ultraviolet radiation, there is no easy way to determine when clothing was first developed, but some information has been inferred by studying lice. The body louse specifically lives in clothing, and diverge from head lice about 170 millennia ago, another theory is that modern humans are the only survivors of several species of primates who may have worn clothes and that clothing may have been used as long ago as 650 millennia. Other louse-based estimates put the introduction of clothing at around 42, the most obvious function of clothing is to improve the comfort of the wearer, by protecting the wearer from the elements. In hot climates, clothing provides protection from sunburn or wind damage, shelter usually reduces the functional need for clothing. For example, coats, hats, gloves, and other layers are normally removed when entering a warm home. Similarly, clothing has seasonal and regional aspects, so that thinner materials, Clothing performs a range of social and cultural functions, such as individual, occupational and gender differentiation, and social status. In many societies, norms about clothing reflect standards of modesty, religion, gender, Clothing may also function as a form of adornment and an expression of personal taste or style. Clothing can and has in history been made from a wide variety of materials. Materials have ranged from leather and furs, to materials, to elaborate and exotic natural. Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing, Clothing protects against many things that might injure the uncovered human body. Clothes protect people from the elements, including rain, snow, wind, however, clothing that is too sheer, thin, small, tight, etc. offers less protection. Clothes also reduce risk during activities such as work or sport, some clothing protects from specific environmental hazards, such as insects, noxious chemicals, weather, weapons, and contact with abrasive substances
Apparel
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Clothing in history, showing (from top) Egyptians, Ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Franks, and 13th through 15th century Europeans.
Apparel
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A
baby wearing many items of
winter clothing:
headband,
cap, fur-lined
coat,
shawl and
sweater
Apparel
–
Former 3rd Duke of Fife wearing a traditional
Scottish kilt. (1984)
Apparel
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Former
US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and
Turkish President Abdullah Gül both wearing Western-style
business suits.
3.
Perfume
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Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, fixatives and solvents - used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces a pleasant scent. Ancient texts and archaeological excavations show the use of perfumes in some of the earliest human civilizations, the word perfume derives from the Latin perfumare, meaning to smoke through. Perfumery, as the art of making perfumes, began in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, the worlds first-recorded chemist is considered a woman named Tapputi, a perfume maker mentioned in a cuneiform tablet from the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamia. She distilled flowers, oil, and calamus with other aromatics, then filtered, in India, perfume and perfumery existed in the Indus civilization. One of the earliest distillations of Ittar was mentioned in the Hindu Ayurvedic text Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, in 2004 –2005, archaeologists uncovered what are believed to be the worlds oldest surviving perfumes in Pyrgos, Cyprus. The perfumes date back more than 4,000 years and they were discovered in an ancient perfumery, a 4, 000-square-meter factory housing at least 60 stills, mixing bowls, funnels, and perfume bottles. In ancient times people used herbs and spices, such as almond, coriander, myrtle, conifer resin, the book also described 107 methods and recipes for perfume-making and perfume-making equipment, such as the alembic. The Persian chemist Ibn Sina introduced the process of extracting oils from flowers by means of distillation and he first experimented with the rose. Until his discovery, liquid perfumes consisted of mixtures of oil and crushed herbs or petals, rose water was more delicate, and immediately became popular. Both the raw ingredients and the technology significantly influenced western perfumery and scientific developments. The art of perfumery was known in western Europe from 1221, taking account the monks recipes of Santa Maria delle Vigne or Santa Maria Novella of Florence. In the east, the Hungarians produced in 1370 a perfume made of scented oils blended in an alcohol solution – best known as Hungary Water – at the behest of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary. The art of perfumery prospered in Renaissance Italy, and in the 16th century the personal perfumer to Catherine de Medici, Rene the Florentine and his laboratory was connected with her apartments by a secret passageway, so that no formulae could be stolen en route. Thanks to Rene, France quickly became one of the European centers of perfume, cultivation of flowers for their perfume essence, which had begun in the 14th century, grew into a major industry in the south of France. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, perfumes were used primarily by the wealthy to mask body odors resulting from infrequent bathing, partly due to this patronage, the perfume industry developed. In 1693, Italian barber Giovanni Paolo Feminis created a perfume water called Aqua Admirabilis, today best known as eau de cologne, by the 18th century the Grasse region of France, Sicily, and Calabria were growing aromatic plants to provide the growing perfume industry with raw materials. Even today, Italy and France remain the center of European perfume design, Perfume types reflect the concentration of aromatic compounds in a solvent, which in fine fragrance is typically ethanol or a mix of water and ethanol. Various sources differ considerably in the definitions of perfume types, the intensity and longevity of a perfume is based on the concentration, intensity and longevity of the aromatic compounds, or perfume oils, used
Perfume
–
"The perfume of this winter -
Vogue “;
poster by Jupp Wiertz, 1926/27
Perfume
–
Perfume Bottles
Perfume
–
Egyptian scene depicting the preparation of Lily perfume, 4th century BC
Perfume
–
Etruscan perfume vase shaped like a female head, 2nd century BC
4.
Fashion
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Fashion is a popular style or practice, especially in clothing, footwear, accessories, makeup, body, or furniture. Fashion is a distinctive and often constant trend in the style in which a person dresses and it is the prevailing styles in behaviour and the newest creations of textile designers. Although aspects of fashion can be feminine or masculine, some trends are androgynous, early Western travelers, traveling whether to Persia, Turkey, India, or China, would frequently remark on the absence of change in fashion in the respective places. The Japanese Shoguns secretary bragged to a Spanish visitor in 1609 that Japanese clothing had not changed in over a thousand years, however, there is considerable evidence in Ming China of rapidly changing fashions in Chinese clothing. Changes in costume took place at times of economic or social change, as occurred in ancient Rome. In 8th-century Moorish Spain, the musician Ziryab introduced to Córdoba sophisticated clothing-styles based on seasonal and daily fashions from his native Baghdad, modified by his own inspiration. Similar changes in fashion occurred in the 11th century in the Middle East following the arrival of the Turks, who introduced clothing styles from Central Asia, the beginning in Europe of continual and increasingly rapid change in clothing styles can be fairly reliably dated. This created the distinctive Western outline of a tailored top worn over leggings or trousers, the pace of change accelerated considerably in the following century, and women and mens fashion, especially in the dressing and adorning of the hair, became equally complex. Art historians are able to use fashion with confidence and precision to date images, often to within five years. These national styles remained very different until a counter-movement in the 17th to 18th centuries imposed similar styles once again, in the 16th century, national differences were at their most pronounced. Ten 16th century portraits of German or Italian gentlemen may show ten entirely different hats, albrecht Dürer illustrated the differences in his actual contrast of Nuremberg and Venetian fashions at the close of the 15th century. Though textile colors and patterns changed from year to year, the cut of a gentlemans coat, by 1800, all Western Europeans were dressing alike, local variation became first a sign of provincial culture and later a badge of the conservative peasant. The Haute house was the established by government for the fashion houses that met the standards of industry. Since then, the idea of the designer as a celebrity in his or her own right has become increasingly dominant. The impact of unisex expands more broadly to various themes in fashion including androgyny, mass-market retail. Fashion weeks are held in cities, where designers exhibit their new clothing collections to audiences. Modern Westerners have a number of choices available in the selection of their clothes. What a person chooses to wear can reflect his or her personality or interests, when people who have high cultural status start to wear new or different clothes, a fashion trend may start
Fashion
–
In Following the Fashion (1794),
James Gillray caricatured a figure flattered by the short-
bodiced gowns then in fashion, contrasting it with an imitator whose figure is not flattered.
Fashion
–
Albrecht Dürer 's drawing contrasts a well turned out bourgeoise from
Nuremberg (left) with her counterpart from
Venice. The Venetian lady's high
chopines make her look taller.
Fashion
–
Marie Antoinette, wife of Louis XVI, was a leader of fashion. Her choices, such as this 1783 white
muslin dress called a chemise a la Reine, were highly influential and widely worn.
Fashion
–
For other uses, see
Fashion (disambiguation).
5.
PVH (company)
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It is partly named after Dutch immigrant John Manning Van Heusen, who in 1910 invented a new process that fused cloth on a curve. PVH Corp has its headquarters in Manhattan, with administrative offices in Bridgewater, New Jersey, Las Vegas, Nevada and Los Angeles. Additional distribution facilities in the United States are located in Brinkley, Arkansas, McDonough, Georgia, Jonesville, North Carolina, Reading, Pennsylvania, the corporation employs over 12,000 people worldwide. The history of Phillips-Van Heusen goes back in part to Dramin Jones, a Prussian immigrant who founded D. Jones & Sons, which had become the largest shirt-maker in the United States by the 1880s. Separately, in 1881, Moses Phillips and his wife Endel began sewing shirts by hand and selling them from pushcarts to local anthracite coal-miners in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. This grew into a business in New York City that placed one of the first ever shirt advertisements in the Saturday Evening Post. D. Jones & Sons merged with Phillips after Dramin Joness death in 1903, later Isaac Phillips met John Van Heusen, resulting both in their most popular line of shirts and in the subsequent renaming of the corporation to Phillips-Van Heusen in the 1950s. The Phillips-Jones Corporation received a patent for a collar in 1919. The first collar-attached shirt was introduced in 1929, the Bass Weejun was introduced in 1936. Geoffrey Beene shirts were launched in 1982, in 1987, Phillips-Van Heusen acquired G. H. In 1995, the acquired the Izod brand, followed by the Arrow brand in 2000. The corporation began making mens clothing under the Timberland name in 2008, with womens clothing following in 2009, on March 15,2010, Phillips-Van Heusen acquired Tommy Hilfiger for $3 billion. In the third quarter of 2010 losses made on the Van Heusen brand led to the decision to pull it out of all European trading markets, as of March 2011 the company sells no products under that name in Europe. All European staff became redundant as a result, in February 2013, PVH acquired Warnaco Group, which manufactured the Calvin Klein underwear, jeans and sportswear lines under license, thus consolidating control of the Calvin Klein brand. The Warnaco acquisition also added the Warners and Olga intimate apparel brands, in November 2013 PVH sold the G. H. Bass brand and all of its assets, images and licenses to G-III Apparel Group. PVH provides products to many popular department stores, such as Sears, JC Penney, Macys, MYER, David Jones, Kohls, PVH also sells its products directly to customers through about 700 outlet stores under the brand names Van Heusen, Tommy Hilfiger, and Calvin Klein. The Calvin Klein stores sell the full range of products at full price, the stores are be about 10,000 square feet
PVH (company)
–
PVH Corp.
6.
Midtown Manhattan
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Midtown Manhattan, or Midtown, represents the central lengthwise portion of the borough and island of Manhattan in New York City. Along Manhattans north-south long axis, Midtown Manhattan separates Lower Manhattan from Upper Manhattan, the majority of New York Citys skyscrapers, including its tallest hotels and apartment towers, lie within Midtown. Midtown spans the island of Manhattan along an east-west axis, being bounded by the East River on its east. The Encyclopedia of New York City defines Midtown as being from 34th Street to 59th Street and it is sometimes broken into Midtown East and Midtown West, or north and south as in the New York City Police Departments Midtown North and Midtown South precincts. Midtown South can refer to the part of Midtown between 23rd Street and around 42nd Street, Midtown West can refer to the area between 34th and 59th Streets, and between 5th and 12th Avenues. Midtown East can refer to the area between 42nd and 59th Streets, and between 5th Avenue and the East River, in other sources these districts are referred to as separate central business districts. Midtown Manhattan, along with Lower Manhattan, is one of the leading financial centers. Midtown Manhattan is the countrys largest central business district and it has the headquarters of major companies, including 4Kids Entertainment, Barnes & Noble, Bloomberg L. P. The New York Institute of Finance is located in Midtown Manhattan, Haier operates its United States offices in the Haier Building at 1356 Broadway, the building used to be a building of the Greenwich Savings Bank. Haier held the ceremony on March 4,2002. Sumitomo Corporation operates its New York Office, the headquarters of the corporations United States operations, el Als North American headquarters are in Midtown. The Air France USA regional headquarters are in 125 West 55th Street in Midtown Manhattan, hachette Book Group USA has its headquarters in 237 Park Avenue. In 1994 Alitalia considered moving its USA headquarters from Midtown to Lower Manhattan, global Infrastructure Partners has an office in Midtown Manhattan. Biotechnology is emerging in Midtown Manhattan, bolstered by the strength in academic scientific research and public. Aer Lingus had its United States offices in Midtown, in 1997, Aer Lingus announced that it was moving its North American headquarters to Melville, New York, in Suffolk County. New York City Department of Education public schools in Midtown Manhattan include Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School, private schools include The Beekman School, Rebecca School, and a number of private language and music centers. The La Scuola dItalia Guglielmo Marconi Italian international school will move to West Midtown in 2016, in addition to its well-known Main Branch research library—now known as the Stephen A. Pennsylvania Station and Grand Central Terminal are major railroad stations located in Midtown Manhattan, the Port Authority Bus Terminal is also in Midtown
Midtown Manhattan
–
The
East Side of Midtown Manhattan, showing the
terraced crown of the
Chrysler Building lit at twilight.
Midtown Manhattan
–
42nd Street, in the
Broadway Theatre District.
Midtown Manhattan
–
Radio City Music Hall
Midtown Manhattan
–
Madison Square Garden
7.
Fairview Mall
–
Fairview Mall is a major shopping centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada of about 80,000 m2. Opened in 1970, the centre has over 170 stores and services, including Hudsons Bay, Sears Canada, offices and it is located several kilometres north-east of downtown, at the northeast corner of Don Mills Road and Sheppard Avenue East in the former borough of North York. In 1978 the Hudsons Bay Company purchased the Simpsons retail chain, Sears Canada then converted Fairviews Simpsons into a Sears retail store. From 1987 to 1989, the Cadillac Fairview Corporation and previous co-owner Markborough Properties Ltd spent CAD$90M to provide Fairview Malls first major expansion, renovations at that time included a glass-tiered ceiling, similar to Torontos Eaton Centre, which opened much of its interior to natural lighting. In late 2008, Fairview Mall completed a CAD$90 million three-phase full renovation, the redevelopment phases included an expanded Shoppers Drug Mart and a large format Liquor Control Board of Ontario store. The food court was moved to the level under a 60-foot high skylight near The Bay. All entrances to the mall were updated to incorporate hands-free technology, elevators serving the third floor offices were added for the first time, located near entrance #4. The front facade along Sheppard Avenue was also received a facelift by Fall 2009. In 2009, new stores such as Sephora, Hollister, Zara, Forever 21, the Rainbow Cinema was replaced by a new Cineplex SilverCity theatre. The Rainbow Cinema had originally been an older style Cineplex theatre, as of 2015, it is jointly owned by Cadillac Fairview and Ivanhoe Cambridge, two of Canadas largest real estate property managers and developers. Cadillac Fairview Corporation also owns and operates Fairview Park Mall in Kitchener, Ontario, stores include, Hudsons Bay, Sears, Laura, Shoppers Drug Mart, Forever 21, Canadas first H&M retail location, Urban Planet, Sephora, Zara, Guess, Aritzia and Pandora. The shopping centre provides a personal style program that offers clients individual image consultations, personal shopping sessions. Louis Bar & Grill, and Spring Rolls, theres also 2 branches of the 2 main Coffee shops in Toronto which are Tim Hortons. and Starbucks. and they are both located at the food court. The Toronto Public Librarys Fairview Public Library branch is located to the north of the mall, there is a community health centre located next to the mall. It includes a pharmacy, various offices and dentist offices. Fairview Mall is located near the intersections of two arteries, Highways 401 and 404. The mall is surrounded on all sides by parking lot and parking garages, the shopping centre is also served by a Toronto Transit Commission subway line and a York Region bus rapid transit line. Many TTC local and express bus routes deploy from or pass through this terminal station, List of largest enclosed shopping malls in Canada List of shopping malls in Canada List of shopping malls in Toronto
Fairview Mall
–
Fairview Mall
Fairview Mall
–
Fairview Mall, bounded at the east by
Highway 404 and to the south by
Sheppard Avenue East.
Fairview Mall
–
Lego store in Fairview Mall
Fairview Mall
–
Calvin Klein store in Fairview Mall
8.
York Hotel
–
The Goodwood Park Hotel is a heritage hotel in Singapore, situated in a 6-hectare landscaped garden on Scotts Road. It was first built as the house for the Teutonic Club serving the expatriate German community in Singapore. The hotel was the first in Singapore to have a swimming-pool on the premises, the Tower Block of the hotel has been gazetted as a national monument of Singapore. The Goodwood Park Hotel building was built in 1900 to the design of R. A. J. Bidwell, of Swan and its architecture has an eclectic Victorian flavour, with its turrets and decorated façade. The Tower Block has elements of the Queen Anne Revival style, the building was constructed for the sum of St$20,000. The Teutonia Club was an exclusive enclave first established on 28 June 1856 for the expatriate German community in Singapore, the club was housed in a couple of different locations until it purchased a piece of land on Scotts Road in 1861 to build a club house. Additional plot of land adjacent to the site was purchased to enlarge the compound. Construction of the new clubhouse began in 1899, on 21 September 1900, the new clubhouse opened as the Deutsches Haus with a ball attended by about 500 guests, including James Alexander Swettenham, then Acting Governor of the Straits Settlements. However, when the First World War broke out, the British government in Singapore classified all Germans as enemy forces, most of the Germans in Singapore either fled or were shipped to Australia, and the Teutonia Club seized by the Custodian of Enemy Property. In 1918, the building was auctioned off by the Custodian of Enemy Property to three Jewish brothers – Morris, Ezekiel and Ellis Manasseh, who also bought five other houses behind it, the entire estate was renamed Goodwood Hall, after the famous Goodwood Racecourse in England. In April 1929, the building was turned into a hotel named the Goodwood Park Hotel, with added to the Tower Wing. During World War II the Goodwood Park Hotel used as a residence for high-ranking officers of the Japanese Imperial Army, after the war, the Singapore War Crimes Court conducted war crimes trials in a tent on the grounds of Goodwood Park. Ezekiel Manasseh died during in the war as a prisoner of the Japanese, Bath spent about $2.5 million in revamping the hotel, adding for example the first swimming pool in a hotel in Singapore. The renovations were completed in 1963, and Bath sold the hotel to the Malayan Banking Group the same year. The new owner had intended to demolish the old building and build a new hotel, shopping mall, and high rise apartments, the Tower Wing was again extensively renovated in 1978, and its original roof replaced. The hotel was extended to include more guest rooms, with 17 suites were added on the first floor. On 23 September 1989, the Tower Block of the Goodwood Park Hotel was gazetted as a national monument, in late 2005, the hotel lobby was renovated to give it a modern look. In June 2013, Goodwood Park Hotel launched a renovated Mayfair Wing and rooms, the Mayfair Wing has 77 rooms and suites over three floors, and a Balinese-inspired Mayfair Pool
York Hotel
–
Goodwood Park Hotel 良木园酒店
9.
Bonwit Teller
–
Bonwit Teller & Co. was a department store in New York City founded by Paul Bonwit in 1895 at Sixth Avenue and 18th Street. Teller was admitted to the partnership and the moved to 23rd Street. The partnership was incorporated in 1907 and the store made another move, throughout much of the twentieth century, Bonwit Teller was one of a group of upscale department stores on Fifth Avenue that catered to the carriage trade. Among its most notable peers were Peck & Peck, Saks Fifth Avenue and B. Altman, Bonwit changed ownership frequently, particularly after 1979. Bonwit Tellers parent company declared bankruptcy in 1989, resulting in the closure of the bulk of the companys stores, despite efforts over the years to restore it, the Bonwit Teller brand is now defunct. In the late 1880s, Paul Bonwit opened a millinery shop at Sixth Avenue. In 1895, which the often referred to as the year it was founded. When Bonwits original business failed, Bonwit bought out his partner, Teller in 1898 on 23d Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. The firm was incorporated in 1907 as Bonwit Teller & Company and in 1911 relocated yet again, this time to the corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-eighth Street. They announced that new location would provide consumers with, In 1930, with the retail trade in New York City moving uptown, the store moved again. Bonwit took up residence in the former Stewart & Co. building at Fifty-sixth Street, the building had been designed by the architectural firm, Warren and Wetmore in 1929 and redesigned the next year by Ely Jacques Kahn for Bonwit. Two more floors were added to the building in 1938. The company, in need of capital, partnered with noted financier Floyd Odlum, Odlum, who had cashed in his stock holdings just prior to the stock market crash of 1929, was investing in firms in financial distress and in 1934 Odlums Atlas Corporation acquired Bonwit Teller. The Odlums also retained a connection to the founding family, naming Paul Bonwits son Walter Bonwit as vice president. For a brief time in 1939-1940, the store owned radio station WHAT in Philadelphia, Floyd and Hortense Odlum would sell their investment in Bonwit Teller to Walter Hovings Hoving Corporation. At the same time, Albert M. Greenfields Philadelphia-based investment company Bankers Securities Corporation acquired Bonwit Tellers Philadelphia stores, with Bonwit Teller, Hoving would establish a strong retail presence on Fifth Avenue that would also include Tiffany & Co. Although Hoving was responsible for the significant growth of Bonwit Teller, it was ultimately this over-expansion, along with constantly changing ownership, the company would undergo another ownership change just ten years later with the acquisition of Bonwit by Genesco in 1956. At the time, Genesco was a large conglomerate operating more than 64 apparel, while Genescos portfolio included other upscale brands, including Henri Bendel, the company was largely known as a shoe retailer
Bonwit Teller
–
Bonwit Teller & Co.
10.
Vogue (magazine)
–
Vogue is an American fashion and lifestyle magazine made up of many components including fashion, beauty, culture, living, and runway. Vogue began as a newspaper in 1892 in the United States. The British Vogue was the first international edition launched in 1916, Turnures intention was to create a publication that celebrated the ceremonial side of life, one that attracts the sage as well as debutante, men of affairs as well as the belle. From its inception, the magazine targeted the new New York upper class, the magazine at this time was primarily concerned with fashion, with coverage of sports and social affairs included for its male readership. Despite the magazines content, it very slowly during this period. Condé Montrose Nast purchased Vogue in 1905 one year before Turnures death and he changed it to a bi-weekly magazine and started Vogue overseas in the 1910s. Under Nast, the magazine shifted its focus to women. The magazines number of publications and profit increased dramatically under Nasts management, by 1911, the Vogue brand had garnered a reputation that it continues to maintain, targeting an elite audience and expanding into the coverage of weddings. According to Condé Naste Russia, after the First World War made deliveries in the Old World impossible, the decision to print in England proved to be successful causing Nast to release the first issue of French Vogue in 1920. The magazines number of subscriptions surged during the Great Depression, during this time, noted critic and former Vanity Fair editor Frank Crowninshield served as its editor, having been moved over from Vanity Fair by publisher Condé Nast. In July of 1932, American Vogue placed its first color photograph on the cover of the magazine, the photograph was taken by photographer Edward Steichen and portrays a woman swimmer holding a beach ball in the air. Nast was responsible for introducing color printing and the two-page spread and he greatly impacted the magazine and turned it into a successful business and the womens magazine we recognize today and greatly increased the sales volumes until his death in 1942. Toward this end, Vogue extended coverage to include East Village boutiques such as Limbo on St, marks Place, as well as including features of downtown personalities such as Andy Warhols Superstar Jane Holzers favorite haunts. Vogue also continued making household names out of models, a practice continued with Suzy Parker, Twiggy, Jean Shrimpton, Lauren Hutton, Veruschka, Marisa Berenson, Penelope Tree. In 1973, Vogue became a monthly publication, under editor-in-chief Grace Mirabella, the magazine underwent extensive editorial and stylistic changes to respond to changes in the lifestyles of its target audience. Mirabella states that she was chosen to change Vogue because women werent interested in reading about or buying clothes that served no purpose in their changing lives and she was selected to make the magazine appeal to the the free, working, liberated woman of the seventies. She changed the magazine by adding text with interviews, arts coverage, when that type of stylihtic ceange f ell out of favor in the 1980s, Mirabella was brutally fired. Her take on it, For a magazine devoted to style, in July of 1988, after Vogue had began to lose ground to a three-year-old upstart Elle, Anna Wintour was named editor-in-chief
Vogue (magazine)
–
The January 2010 issue of Vogue USA, featuring
Rachel McAdams.
Vogue (magazine)
–
Cover of the May 1917 issue. (American Vogue)
Vogue (magazine)
–
Models
Toni Garrn and brother Niklas Garrn wearing
Google Glass during the 2013 September issue fashion photo shoot in
Ransom Canyon, Texas (25 June 2013).
Vogue (magazine)
–
Vogue Brasil/Brazil cover with
Madonna photographed by
Steven Klein; Vogue France/Paris cover with
Penélope Cruz,
Meryl Streep,
Julianne Moore,
Gwyneth Paltrow,
Kate Winslet and
Naomi Watts in a special edition by Penélope Cruz.
11.
Fortune magazine
–
Fortune is a multinational business magazine, published and owned by Time Inc. and headquartered in New York City. The publication was founded by Henry Luce in 1929, the magazine competes with Forbes and Bloomberg Businessweek in the national business magazine category and distinguishes itself with long, in-depth feature articles. The magazine is best known for the Fortune 500, a ranking of companies by revenue that it has published annually since 1955, in late October 1929, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 occurred, marking the onset of the Great Depression. In a memo to the Time Inc. board in November 1929, Luce wrote and we will recognize that this business slump may last as long as an entire year. The publication made its debut in February 1930. Its editor was Luce, managing editor Parker Lloyd-Smith, and art director Thomas Maitland Cleland, single copies of the first issue costed US$1. In fact, there were 30,000 subscribers who had signed up to receive that initial 184-page issue. By 1937, the number of subscribers had grown to 460,000, Fortune was also noted for its photography, featuring the work of Margaret Bourke-White, Ansel Adams, and others. Walker Evans served as its editor from 1945 to 1965. The magazine became an important leg of Luces media empire, after the launch of Time in 1923 and Fortune in 1930, Luce went on to launch Life in 1936. From its launch in 1930 to 1978, Fortune was published monthly, in January 1978, it began publishing biweekly. In October 2009, citing declining advertising revenue and circulation, Fortune began publishing every three weeks, marshall Loeb was named managing editor in 1986. During the years when Time Warner owned Time Inc, Fortune articles were hosted at CNNMoney. com. In June 2014, after Time Inc. spun off from its corporate parent, in the human resources field, for example, it publishes a list of the Best Companies to Work For. Lists include companies ranked in order of gross revenue and business profile, following the elimination of the editor-in-chief role at Time Inc. in October 2013, the top editors title was changed from managing editor to editor in 2014. In JSTOR Official website Fortune India Fortune China Fortune Turkey List of 100 Best Companies to Work For Fortune Data Store, complete downloadable list of Fortune 500/1000 Companies – 1955–2008
Fortune magazine
–
The June 16, 2014, issue of Fortune, featuring its
Fortune 500 list
Fortune magazine
–
Fortune December 1941 issue
12.
Screen printing
–
Screen printing is a printing technique whereby a mesh is used to transfer ink onto a substrate, except in areas made impermeable to the ink by a blocking stencil. A blade or squeegee is moved across the screen to fill the open mesh apertures with ink, and this causes the ink to wet the substrate and be pulled out of the mesh apertures as the screen springs back after the blade has passed. Screen printing is also a method of print making in which a design is imposed on a screen of polyester or other fine mesh. Ink is forced into the mesh openings by the blade or squeegee and by wetting the substrate. As the screen away from the substrate the ink remains on the substrate. It is also known as silk-screen, screen, serigraphy, one color is printed at a time, so several screens can be used to produce a multicoloured image or design. There are various terms used for what is essentially the same technique, traditionally the process was called screen printing or silkscreen printing because silk was used in the process prior to the invention of polyester mesh. Currently, synthetic threads are used in the screen printing process. The most popular mesh in general use is made of polyester, there are special-use mesh materials of nylon and stainless steel available to the screen printer. There are also different types of mesh size which will determine the outcome, Screen printing first appeared in a recognizable form in China during the Song Dynasty. It was then adapted by other Asian countries like Japan, and was furthered by creating newer methods, Roy Beck, Charles Peter and Edward Owens studied and experimented with chromic acid salt sensitized emulsions for photo-reactive stencils. Commercial screen printing now uses sensitizers far safer and less toxic than bichromates, currently there are large selections of pre-sensitized and user mixed sensitized emulsion chemicals for creating photo-reactive stencils. Serigraphy is a word formed from Latin sēricum and Greek graphein. The Printers National Environmental Assistance Center says Screenprinting is arguably the most versatile of all printing processes, credit is generally given to the artist Andy Warhol for popularising screen printing as an artistic technique, identified as serigraphy, in the United States. Sister Mary Corita Kent, gained fame for her vibrant serigraphs during the 1960s and 1970s. Her works were rainbow colored, contained words that were political and fostered peace and love and caring. American entrepreneur, artist and inventor Michael Vasilantone started to use, develop, Vasilantone later filed for patent on his invention in 1967 granted number 3,427,964 on February 18,1969. The original machine was manufactured to print logos and team information on bowling garments, the Vasilantone patent was licensed by multiple manufacturers, the resulting production and boom in printed T-shirts made this garment screen printing machine popular
Screen printing
–
A silk screen design
Screen printing
–
Screen Printers use a silkscreen like this Screenstretch version, a squeegee, and hinge clamps to screen print their designs. The ink is forced through the mesh using the rubber squeegee, the hinge clamps keep the screen in place for easy registration
Screen printing
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A step-by-step illustrated poster infographic showing how to screen print using emulsion on a screen
13.
T-shirt
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A T-shirt is a style of unisex fabric shirt, named after the T shape of the body and sleeves. It is normally associated with short sleeves, a round neck line known as a crew neck, T-shirts are generally made of a light, inexpensive fabric, and are easy to clean. Typically made of textile in a stockinette, or jersey. The majority of versions have a body made from a continuously woven tube, on a circular loom. The manufacture of T-shirts has become automated, and may include fabric cutting by laser or water jet. The T-shirt evolved from undergarments used in the 19th century, a V-neck T-shirt has a V-shaped neckline, as opposed to the round neckline of the more common crew neck shirt. The T-shirt evolved from undergarments used in the 19th century, first, the one-piece union suit underwear was cut into separate top and bottom garments, with the top long enough to tuck under the waistband of the bottoms. With and without buttons, they were adopted by miners and stevedores during the late 19th century as a convenient covering for hot environments. As slip-on garments without buttons, the earliest T-shirt dates back to sometime between the 1898 Spanish–American War and 1913, when the U. S. Navy began issuing them as undergarments and these were a crew-necked, short-sleeved, white cotton undershirt to be worn under a uniform. It became common for sailors and Marines in work parties, the early submarines and they soon became popular as a bottom layer of clothing for workers in various industries, including agriculture. The T-shirt was easily fitted, easily cleaned, and inexpensive, boys shirts were made in various colors and patterns. The word T-shirt became part of American English by the 1920s, following World War II, it became common to see veterans wearing their uniform trousers with their T-shirts as casual clothing. The shirts became more popular in the 1950s after Marlon Brando wore one in A Streetcar Named Desire, finally achieving status as fashionable, stand-alone. Often boys wore them while doing chores and playing outside, eventually opening up the idea of wearing them as general-purpose casual clothing, Printed T-shirts were in limited use by 1942 when an Air Corps Gunnery School T-shirt appeared on the cover of Life magazine. In the 1960s, printed T-shirts gained popularity for self-expression as well for advertisements, protests, current versions are available in many different designs and fabrics, and styles include crew-neck and V-neck shirts. T-shirts are among the most worn garments of clothing used today, T-shirts are especially popular with branding for companies or merchandise, as they are inexpensive to make and purchase. T-shirts were originally worn as undershirts, but are now worn frequently as the piece of clothing on the top half of the body, other than possibly a brassiere or, rarely. T-shirts have also become a medium for self-expression and advertising, with any combination of words, art
T-shirt
–
A blue T-shirt
T-shirt
–
T-shirt day in
Leipzig
T-shirt
–
US Merchant Marine sailor in 1944
T-shirt
–
US Engineers and medics wearing T-shirts in 1951, during the
Korean War
14.
Fragrance
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An aroma-compound, also known as an odorant, aroma, fragrance, or flavor, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor. A chemical-compound has a smell or odor when it is volatile to be transported to the olfactory system in the upper-part of the nose. Generally molecules meeting this specification have molecular weights of <300, flavors affect both the sense of taste and smell, whereas fragrances affect only smell. Flavors tend to be occurring, and fragrances tend to be synthetic. Aroma-compounds can be found in food, wine, spices, floral scent, perfumes, fragrance oils, for example, many form biochemically during the ripening of fruits and other crops. In wines, most form as byproducts of fermentation, an odorizer may add an odorant to a dangerous odorless substance, like propane, natural gas, or hydrogen, as a safety measure. Note, Carvone, depending on its chirality, offers two different smells, furaneol 1-Hexanol cis-3-Hexen-1-ol Menthol High concentrations of aldehydes tend to be very pungent and overwhelming, but low concentrations can evoke a wide range of aromas. Acetaldehyde Hexanal cis-3-Hexenal Furfural Hexyl cinnamaldehyde Isovaleraldehyde – nutty, fruity, cocoa-like Anisic aldehyde – floral, sweet and it is a crucial component of chocolate, vanilla, strawberry, raspberry, apricot, and others. Its smell is so potent it can be detected several hundred meters downwind mere seconds after a container is opened, butane-1-thiol, commonly called normal-butyl mercaptan is a chemical-intermediate. Olfactory-receptors are cell-membrane receptors on the surface of neurons in the olfactory system that detect air-borne. In mammals, olfactory-receptors are expressed on the surface of the epithelium in the nasal cavity. In 2005–06, fragrance-mix was the third-most-prevalent allergen in patch tests, Fragrance was voted Allergen of the Year in 2007 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. The composition of fragrances is usually not disclosed in the label of products, hiding the actual chemicals of the formula, the EPA, however, does not conduct independent-safety testing but relies on data provided by the manufacturer. In 2010 the International Fragrance Association published a list of 3,059 chemicals used in 2011 based on a voluntary-survey of its members and it was estimated to represent about 90% of the worlds production-volume of fragrances
Fragrance
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Patch test
Fragrance
–
Geranyl acetate
15.
Cosmetics
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Cosmetics, also known as make-up, are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body. Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and they are generally mixtures of chemical compounds, some being derived from natural sources, and some being synthetics. Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products, perfume and this broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product. The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category, Egyptian women and men also used makeup. They were very fond of eyeliner and eyeshadows in dark colors including blue, red, Ancient Sumerian men and women were possibly the first to invent and wear lipstick, about 5,000 years ago. They crushed gemstones and used them to decorate their faces, mainly on the lips, also around 3000 BC to 1500 BC, women in the ancient Indus Valley Civilization applied red tinted lipstick to their lips for face decoration. Ancient Egyptians extracted red dye from fucus-algin,0. 01% iodine, and some bromine mannite, lipsticks with shimmering effects were initially made using a pearlescent substance found in fish scales. Six thousand year old relics of the hollowed out tombs of the Ancient Egyptian pharaohs are discovered, according to one source, early major developments include, Kohl used by ancient Egypt as a protective of the eye kohl Castor oil used by ancient Egypt as a protective balm. Skin creams made of beeswax, olive oil, and rose water, vaseline and lanolin in the nineteenth century. The Ancient Greeks also used cosmetics as the Ancient Romans did, Cosmetics are mentioned in the Old Testament, such as in 2 Kings 9,30, where Jezebel painted her eyelids—approximately 840 BC—and in the book of Esther, where beauty treatments are described. One of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines is the fungus Tremella fuciformis, used as a beauty product by women in China, the fungus reportedly increases moisture retention in the skin and prevents senile degradation of micro-blood vessels in the skin, reducing wrinkles and smoothing fine lines. Cosmetic use was frowned upon at many points in Western history, for example, in the 19th century, Queen Victoria publicly declared make-up improper, vulgar, and acceptable only for use by actors. During the sixteenth century, the attributes of the women who used make-up created a demand for the product among the upper class. As of 2016, the worlds largest cosmetics company is LOréal, the market was developed in the US during the 1910s by Elizabeth Arden, Helena Rubinstein, and Max Factor. These firms were joined by Revlon just before World War II, during the 18th century, there was a high number of incidences of lead-poisoning because of the fashion for red and white lead makeup and powder. This led to swelling and inflammation of the eyes, attacked tooth enamel, heavy use was known to lead to death. Concealer is commonly used by men, Cosmetics brands release products especially tailored for men, and men are increasingly using them. Cosmetics are intended to be applied externally, a subset of cosmetics is called make-up, refers primarily to products containing color pigments that are intended to alter the users appearance
Cosmetics
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Effects include light
foundation,
rouge on
cheekbones,
eyebrow plucking, simple black
eye liner
Cosmetics
–
Woman wearing several forms of cosmetics, including
lipstick,
eye liner, eye shadow and
hair dye
Cosmetics
–
Make up by an artist himself for an Indian classical dance
Cosmetics
–
Assorted cosmetics and tools
16.
Mark Wahlberg
–
Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg is an American actor, producer, businessman, former model, and rapper. Mark was known as Marky Mark in his career as frontman for the group Marky Mark. Wahlberg later transitioned to acting, appearing in such as the drama Boogie Nights. Wahlberg has also served as producer of four HBO series, the comedy-drama Entourage, the period crime drama Boardwalk Empire. He is co-owner of the Wahlburgers chain and co-stars in the reality TV series about it, Wahlberg received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on July 29,2010. He is known for his tough guy persona, frequently portraying police officers, military personnel. He is also known for his collaborations with directors David O. Russell, Michael Bay, Wahlberg was born in Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, the youngest of nine children, including actor Robert and actor-singer Donnie. His mother, Alma Elaine, was a clerk and a nurses aide. His parents divorced in 1982, and afterwards, he divided his time between them and his father was of Swedish and Irish descent, and his mother is of Irish, English, and French-Canadian ancestry. Maternally, Wahlberg is distantly related to author Nathaniel Hawthorne, Wahlberg had a Roman Catholic upbringing and attended Copley Square High School on Newbury Street in Boston. He never graduated, and so did not receive his high school diploma until June 2013, by age 13, Wahlberg had developed an addiction to cocaine and other substances. At 15, civil action was filed against him for his involvement in two incidents of harassing African-American children, by throwing rocks and shouting racial epithets. At 16, Wahlberg approached a middle-aged Vietnamese man named Thanh Lam on the street and that same day, Wahlberg also attacked a second Vietnamese man named Hoa Johnny Trinh, punching him in the face. He believed he had left his victim permanently blind in one eye, investigators also noted that he made numerous unsolicited racial statements about gooks and slant-eyed gooks. For these crimes, Wahlberg was charged with attempted murder, pleaded guilty to assault and he ultimately served only 45 days of his sentence, but carries a permanent felony record. In another incident, then 21-year-old Wahlberg fractured the jaw of a neighbor in an unprovoked attack, commenting in 2006 on his past crimes, Wahlberg stated, I did a lot of things that I regret, and I have certainly paid for my mistakes. So I dont have a problem going to sleep at night, I feel good when I wake up in the morning. In 2016, Mark said hed met Trinh and apologized for his horrific acts, after prison, he decided to improve his behavior
Mark Wahlberg
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Wahlberg at the Australian premiere of
Contraband, February 2012
Mark Wahlberg
–
Wahlberg at the
Shooter premiere in
London, 2007
Mark Wahlberg
–
Wahlberg at the premiere of
Max Payne in 2008
17.
John Varvatos
–
John Varvatos is an American contemporary menswear designer. The Varvatos family is originally from the village of Poulata on the Greek island of Kefalonia, John Varvatos was born in Detroit and grew up in Allen Park. He attended Allen Park High School, at the age of 16, he got a job selling menswear at the Hughes & Hatcher store in nearby Dearborn. He went to college at Eastern Michigan University and the University of Michigan, after graduating in 1980, he co-founded a menswear store, Fitzgeralds Mens Store, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Varvatos joined Polo Ralph Lauren in 1983 and he then moved on to Calvin Klein in 1990 where he was appointed head of menswear design and oversaw the launch of the mens collection and the cK brand. During his time at Calvin Klein, Varvatos pioneered a type of mens undergarment called boxer briefs, made famous by a series of 1992 print ads featuring Mark Wahlberg, they have been called one of the greatest apparel revolutions of the century. Of their creation Varvatos said in 2010, “We just cut off a pair of long johns and thought, in 1995, Varvatos returned to Ralph Lauren as head of menswear design for all Polo Ralph Lauren brands and created the Polo Jeans Company. In late 1999, Varvatos started his company, debuting his first clothing line at the end of 2000 in New York, the brand now includes belts, handbags, footwear, eyewear, watches and fragrances. In September 2000, within months of showing his first collection, the collection is currently distributed in all John Varvatos boutiques including the 315 Bowery boutique in the space that formerly housed the underground music club CBGB. In addition, the collection is available in select luxury retail stores,2009 saw the launch of New York Nights…Direct From the Bowery, a monthly radio show hosted by Varvatos on SIRIUS XMs The Spectrum channel. The show includes songs and interviews from artists who have influenced Varvatos throughout his career in fashion. In 2012, Varvatos joined the cast of celebrity mentors on NBCs Fashion Star, in 2013, Varvatos saw the release of a limited edition Chrysler 300 in his name. In 2014 Varvatos partnered with Monte Lipmans Republic label to launch John Varvatos Records, Varvatos credits his early obsession with rock n roll as the catalyst for his interest in fashion. Music is also central to the philanthropic efforts, including the Save the Music Foundation. Commenting, Varvatos said, Both inner peace and global peace are very important topics to me, in 2001, Varvatos and Converse formed a partnership and Varvatos was licensed to create a line of high end sneakers, a partnership that still continues today. John Varvatos sneakers are usually produced in the style of High Top Chuck Taylor All-Stars, Varvatos had first received accolades from the Council of Fashion Designers of America in 2000 when he was honored with the Perry Ellis Award for Menswear. The following year he won the 2001 CFDAs Designer of the Year award, in 2005 Varvatos received the CFDAs 2005 Menswear Designer of the Year award at the New York Public Library. The recipients are determined by a committee of top magazine editors, journalists, stylists
John Varvatos
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John Varvatos (2006)
John Varvatos
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Store at Bowery Street 315, New York
John Varvatos
–
Bottle of John Varvatos VINTAGE
John Varvatos
–
Model wearing items from the John Varvatos Collection Fall/Winter 2010/11
18.
Boxer briefs
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Boxer briefs are a hybrid type of mens undergarment which are long in the leg, similar to boxer shorts, but tighter-fitting like briefs. Depending on the manufacturer, boxer briefs may also be spelled as one word and they are sometimes called trunks in the United Kingdom and Australia. Boxer briefs were pioneered by designer John Varvatos during his 1990–1995 stint at Calvin Klein as head of menswear design, made famous by a series of 1992 print ads featuring Mark Marky Mark Wahlberg, they have been called one of the greatest apparel revolutions of the century. Of their creation Varvatos said in 2010, We just cut off a pair of long johns and thought, while some may find regular briefs too restrictive, others may find boxer shorts too loose. A pouch or oversized pouch may be built in to add space and position the testicles forward, Boxer briefs are commonly used in athletics instead of, or in addition to a jockstrap, but are common for everyday usage as well. The boxer brief design provides form-fitting coverage for the midsection from the waist to the thighs and are worn on the waist and they are usually made of a combination of cotton and spandex or a soft, woven flannel material. Boxer brief designs can have either a keyhole fly, button front, pouch, the waistband is usually a separate band of elastic material, often in a contrasting color to the cotton or flannel material that comprises the rest of the boxer briefs. The elastic band often has the name of the manufacturer printed on it, there may also be additional elastic sewn around the bottom end of the thigh portion of the garment. Some boxer briefs have stitching on the rear to outline the buttocks, Boxer briefs provide more room for the male genitals than briefs, although they give less concealment from penile protrusion during an erection. In response, some boxer short manufacturers have attempted to modify its internal design to give the crotch bulge better obscurity, in Praise of Boxer Briefs, An Underpants Manifesto
Boxer briefs
–
A pair of boxer briefs
Boxer briefs
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Several pairs of boxer briefs compared with looser boxer shorts.
Boxer briefs
–
A man wearing a pair of Floque boxer briefs.
Boxer briefs
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Rear stitching on these boxer briefs avoids a central seam and outlines the buttocks.
19.
Boxer shorts
–
Boxer shorts are a type of undergarment typically worn by men. The term has been used in English since 1944 for all-around-elastic shorts, so named after the shorts worn by boxers, boxers come in a variety of styles and design but are characterized by their loose fit. In 1925, Jacob Golomb, founder of Everlast, designed elastic-waist trunks to replace the leather-belted trunks then worn by boxers and these trunks, now known as boxer trunks, immediately became famous, but were later eclipsed by the popular Jockey-style briefs beginning in the late 1930s. Around 1947, boxer shorts started to gain in popularity again, the two styles, briefs and boxer shorts, had varying ratios of sales for the following forty years, with strong regional and generational preferences. In more recent decades, boxer shorts got a fashion boost in 1985 when English model, since the 1990s, some men also opt for boxer briefs as a compromise between the two. Most boxer shorts have a fly in front, boxer shorts manufacturers have a couple of methods of closing the fly, metal snaps or a button or two. However, many boxer shorts on the market do not need a mechanism to close up the fly as the fabric is cut. This is commonly known as an open fly design, the most common sewing design of boxer shorts are made with a panel seat that has two seams running on the outer edges of the back seating area, creating a center rear panel. Most mass-produced commercial boxer shorts are made using this design, two less common forms of boxer shorts are gripper boxers and yoke front boxers. Gripper boxers have an elastic waistband like regular boxers but have snaps, usually 3, on the fly and this style of underwear was very common during World War II, when the rubber needed for elastic waistbands had to be used for military purposes. Boxer shorts are available in white and solid colors including pastels, additionally, there are innumerable novelty boxer short patterns. Boxer shorts are produced using various fabrics including all cotton, cotton/polyester blends, jersey knits, satin, some studies have suggested that tight underwear and high temperature are not optimally conductive for sperm production. The compression of the genitals in briefs may cause the temperature to rise, there is a similar theory regarding testicular cancer risk. A study in the October 1998 Journal of Urology, for example, girl boxers have come onto the market in recent years. They are often worn as loungewear and they differ from boyshorts in that they are commonly longer and more closely resemble their male counterparts. In 1975, a Sears catalog photo of boxer shorts created an urban legend. A model appeared to have part of his penis exposed in the photo, no recall of the catalog occurred. The incident inspired the singer Zoot Fensters 1975 single The Man on Page 602
Boxer shorts
–
A man wearing a pair of boxer shorts
20.
Briefs
–
Briefs are a type of short, snug underwear and swimwear, as opposed to styles where looser material extends down the thighs. Briefs have various different styles and are worn by men and women. See swim briefs for the case of briefs as swimwear, Briefs were first sold on January 19,1935, by Coopers, Inc. in Chicago, Illinois, at Marshall Fields department store. They dubbed the new undergarment the Jockey because it offered a degree of support as the jockstrap. The designer of the new style was inspired by a postcard he had received from a friend visiting the French Riviera depicting a man in a very short. Thirty thousand pairs were sold within three months of their introduction, in North America, jockey shorts or jockeys became an often used generic term for mens briefs. More recently, tighty-whiteys has become a commonly used nickname for briefs there, in the UK, briefs were first sold in 1938. Soon, shops were selling 3,000 briefs per week and they were so popular that in 1948, every member of the British Olympic team was given a free pair of briefs. In Britain, the term jockeys has not caught on and briefs are referred to as Y-fronts. The term derives from the genericized trademark Y-Front, property of Jockey International and it in turn derives from the inverted Y-shape formed by the seams at the front of the underpants. The colloquialism is used even when the fly opening may differ in style, in Australia, briefs are referred to as jocks but should not be confused with jockstraps which expose the buttocks. Australians generally use the word briefs to refer to the bikini-style underwear for men, since the ending of the 20th century, a hybrid called boxer briefs has become popular. Like boxers, they have legs, but like briefs, they are made of elastic. A shorter version of boxer briefs are called trunks, overall there has been a decline in men wearing briefs, especially white ones. According to an AskMen poll in early 2016, only 22% of respondents said they wear briefs, traditional size briefs for both sexes cover the upper part of the thigh and extend upward up to the navel. This style is referred to as full rise or full cut. There are also low rise and mid rise styles whose measurements vary between manufacturers, mens briefs often feature a fly—a covered opening on the front of the garment which allows for convenience in urinating. There are several different fly designs in use, including the standard vertical fly, the horizontal fly, the y-front fly
Briefs
–
Male models in briefs
Briefs
–
A
figure skater wears a costume with attached briefs under the skirt
Briefs
–
A female in
lingerie
21.
LVMH
–
LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE, better known as LVMH, is a French multinational luxury goods conglomerate, native of France and headquartered in Paris. It controls around 60 subsidiaries that each manage a number of prestigious brands. The subsidiaries are often managed independently, the oldest of the LVMH brands is wine producer Château dYquem, which dates its origins back to 1593. Christian Dior, the luxury group, is the main holding company of LVMH, owning 40. 9% of its shares. Bernard Arnault, majority shareholder of Dior, is Chairman of both companies and CEO of LVMH, arnaults successful integration of various famous aspirational brands into the group has inspired other luxury companies into doing the same. Thus, the French conglomerate Kering and the Swiss-based Richemont have also created extended portfolios of luxury brands, the company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. During the first half of 2015, LVMH recorded strong results in Europe, the revenue of the groupe increased of 19 per cent. LVMH is based in 20 avenue Foch in the 8th arrondissement, Paris, the company is listed on the Euronext Paris exchange, and is a constituent of the CAC40 index. As of 2010, the group had revenues of €20.3 billion with a net income of just over €3 billion, by the 29 February 2016 the company had a share value of 78,126 million euros, distributed in 506,980,299 shares. In 2013, with revenue of $21,7 billion, LVMH is ranked first luxury goods company in Deloittes Global Powers of Luxury Goods” report, the group currently employs more than 83,000 people. Thirty percent of LVMHs staff work in France, LVMH operates over 2,400 stores worldwide. Its current business plan aims to control the brands it manages in order to maintain. For example, Louis Vuitton products are only through Louis Vuitton boutiques found in upmarket locations in wealthy cities or in concessions in other luxury goods shops. At the end of 2010, the only declared major shareholder in LVMH was Groupe Arnault, the groups control amounted to 47. 64% of LVMHs stock and 63. 66% of its voting rights. A further 2. 43% of shares were declared as treasury stock, LVMH holds 66% of the drinks division, Moët Hennessy, with the remaining 34% held by Diageo. A partial list including some of LVMHs best-known brands and subsidiaries, on 7 March 2011, LVMH announced the acquisition of the 50. 4% family-owned shares of the Italian jeweller Bulgari and the intention to make a tender offer for the rest, which was publicly owned. The transaction was about $5.2 billion, in 2011, LVMH invested $640 million in establishing LCapitalAsia. In 2011, LVMH invested $640 million in establishing LCapitalAsia, LVMH sales decreased by about 10 percent from in 2011 in China, and LVMH stopped opening stores in second and third-tier cities in mainland China
LVMH
–
LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE
22.
Pinault Printemps Redoute
–
The company was founded in 1963 by businessman François Pinault and is now run by his son François-Henri Pinault. It is quoted on Euronext Paris and is a constituent of the CAC40 index, on 22 March 2013, Pinault announced that the group would rename itself as Kering, and was approved by shareholders on 18 June 2013. On 2 June 1962, François Pinault officially opened the Etablissements Pinault, first specialized in timber trade, originally a company from Brittany, it grew organically and thanks to successive acquisitions, it became recognized nationally. Pinault SA was listed in the securities market of the Paris Stock Exchange in 1988. In March 1990, François Pinault was elected president of CFAO, in April 1991, Pinault SA entered the retail distribution market, with the takeover of Conforama. In 1992, the Group sold the Compagnie Industrielle d’Ameublement, of Ordo, the same year, the Pinault-Printemps Group was born out of the Au printemps SA takeover, which owned 54% of La Redoute and Finaref. In 1993, the Armand Thierry company, bought by Le Printemps, was sold, in 1994, La Redoute was absorbed by Pinault-Printemps, and renamed Pinault-Printemps-Redoute. In July, the group control of the Fnac, a French book music. In 1995, the Group launched its first online store, www. laredoute. fr, in 1996, CFAO bought SCOA, the main pharmaceutical distributor in West Africa. The same year, PPR created Orcanta, a lingerie distributor, over the following years, PPR continued to develop its activities in the retail and home shopping sectors. In 1997, Redcats took control of Ellos, Scandinavia’s home shopping leader, the same year, Fnac created Fnac Junior, a concept-store which targets young people under 12. In 1998, PPR continued its acquisitions in the shopping sector. PPR also took control of Guilbert, the same year, Guilbert’s home shopping activities were sold to Staples, and the following year its office furniture negotiation activities were sold to Office Depot. In 2003, PPR sold its Pinault Bois et Matériaux company to the British group Wolseley, in 2004, PPR sold the electrical material manufacturer Rexel. After a public bid, Pinault-Printemps-Redoute increased its shares to 99. 4% of Gucci Group’s capital, at its general assembly held on May 18,2005, Pinault-Printemps-Redoute simplified its name to PPR after having sold its distribution activities from 2002 to 2004. Serge Wienberg left the group and François-Henri Pinault was named CEO, in 2006, PPR made several transactions, for example the sale of 51% of France Printemps to RREEF and the Borletti Group. It also sold the lingerie company Orcanta to Chantelle, the Groups acquisitions included Redcats buying of The Sportman’s Guide Inc. In 2007, PPR acquired a 62. 1% share of Puma, PPR first invested in the luxury sector in 1999, with a 42% acquisition of Gucci Group NV
Pinault Printemps Redoute
–
Kering
23.
Tommy Hilfiger
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Thomas Jacob Tommy Hilfiger is an American fashion designer best known for founding the lifestyle brand Tommy Hilfiger Corporation in 1985. After starting his career by co-founding a chain of clothing and record stores in upstate New York in the 1970s, the company later expanded into womens clothing and various luxury items such as perfumes, and went public in 1992. In 1997, Hilfiger published his first book, titled All American, A Style Book, Hilfigers memoirs American Dreamer, co-written with Peter Knobler, were published November 1,2016. Hilfigers collections are often influenced by the fashion of music subcultures and marketed in connection with the music industry, in 2005, contestants in the CBS reality show The Cut competed for a design job with Hilfiger in a similar fashion to The Apprentice. In 2006, Hilfiger sold his company for $1.6 billion to Apax Partners and he remains the company’s principal designer, leading the design teams and overseeing the entire creative process. In 2012 Hilfiger was awarded the Geoffrey Beene Lifetime Achievement Award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America, thomas Jacob Tommy Hilfiger was born March 24,1951 in Elmira, New York. The second of nine children, both of his parents were practicing Catholics and his father Richard was a watchmaker of Dutch-German descent and his mother Virginia was a nurse of Irish descent. Hilfiger also claims descent from the Scottish poet Robert Burns. Hilfiger has described his upbringing as very happy and he credits his parents with instilling a good work ethic and compassion for others. Hilfiger had an early interest in sports, fashion, and the music industry, one of his brothers, Andy Hilfiger, went on to work as a musician and designer, while Hilfigers other brother Billy Hilfiger would join King Flux as a guitarist. Hilfiger graduated from the Elmira Free Academy high school in 1970 and his parents wanted him to get a college education and pursue a traditional career, and for a time he attended GST BOCES Bush Campus in Elmira. Hilfiger spent the summer of 1969 working in a store on Cape Cod. Opened in 1971 as People’s Place, the first store was located in downtown Elmira in what is now the site of First Arena, and had a salon, a record shop. To stock the store, Hilfiger and his friends would drive to New York City to buy clothing such as bell-bottoms, peasant blouses, and leather jackets. Slightly unsatisfied with the clothing he bought from suppliers, Hilfiger began sketching his own designs. I knew from early work that designing would be my life. Despite its initial success, after seven years of selling hippie supplies like bell-bottoms, incense and records out of ten stores, the Peoples Place went bankrupt in 1977, he’s often referred to this point in his life as his real-world MBA. At this point Hilfiger enrolled in classes on commerce and the side of the fashion industry
Tommy Hilfiger
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Tommy Hilfiger in 2010
24.
VF Corporation
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VF Corporation is an American worldwide apparel and footwear company founded in 1899 and headquartered in Greensboro, North Carolina. The company’s more than 30 brands are organized into five categories, Outdoor & Action Sports, Jeanswear, Imagewear, Sportswear. The company controls 55% of the U. S. backpack market with the Jansport, Eastpak, Timberland, the company was established first as Reading Glove and Mitten Manufacturing Company in Pennsylvania in October 1899 by John Barbey and a group of investors. The company was started with $11,000 and a 320-square-foot factory that was leased for $60/month and it was incorporated in Pennsylvania on December 4 of that same year. The manufacture of undergarments began in 1919, accompanied by a change to Vanity Fair Mills. Shares were initially sold to the public in 1951, Lee Company was acquired by the company in 1969 and the corporate name was changed to VF Corporation, a fictitious name that is not even legally registered, to reflect the more diverse product line. Blue Bell Inc. the owner of brands as Wrangler and JanSport, was acquired in 1986, effectively doubling the size of VF. The company announced the purchase of VF Corporations Vanity Fair lingerie business by Fruit of the Loom for $350 million in cash on January 23,2007, on February 28,2007, VF Corporation acquired Majestic Athletic. On July 26,2007, VF Corporation announced the purchase of 7 for all Mankind, wiseman became President, CEO, and Chairman in 2008. Effective January 1,2017 Steve Rendle took over CEO and President responsibilities, in 2011, VF Corporation announced its intention to purchase Timberland for $2.2 billion. The deal closed in September 2011, on December 21,2012, VF Imagewear was awarded a multimillion-dollar contract to provide uniforms and insignia for Customs and Border Protection officers. In February 2013, Imagewear was awarded a contract to manufacture uniforms for Transportation Security Administration officers. Wrangler income was $2.3 billion dollars Lee income as of 2013 was $1, in 1999 the company was acquired by VF Corporation, and was renamed as The Force in 2005 but reverted to the original brand name in 2010. Bulwark Protective Apparel Chef Designs Majestic Athletic Eastpak JanSport Kipling Europe Napapijri The North Face Reef Vans Eagle Creek SmartWool Timberland Lucy Nautica Kipling U. S, in 1970, it was the suggestion of M. O. In doing so, VF Corporation created a retail industry. VF Outlet stores offer everyday apparel including brand name jeans, intimate apparel, activewear, swimwear, the company currently operates 79 stores in 31 states nationwide. In October 2013, VF Outlet launched their ECommerce store, VF Corporation, which opened their first VF Outlet factory store in 1970, was one of the earliest outlet operations, and opened their first outlet center in the country, in Reading, Pennsylvania. The outlet mall, located in Vanity Fairs old manufacturing mills, was dubbed the official Outlet Capital of the World, the corporate name was changed from VF Outlet Village to VF Outlet Center in 2008
VF Corporation
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Eastpak-Wallet
VF Corporation
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VF Corporation
VF Corporation
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A vanity fair outlet located in
Michigan City,
Indiana.
25.
Lee (Jeans)
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Lee is an American brand of denim jeans, first produced in 1889 in Salina, Kansas. The company is owned by VF Corporation, the largest apparel company in the world and its headquarters is currently in Merriam, Kansas, just outside Kansas City, Missouri. The company states that they are an international retailer and manufacturer of casual wear and work wear, in Australasia, the brand is owned by Pacific Brands since 2007, after it was acquired from Yakka. The company was formed in 1889 by Henry David Lee as the Lee Mercantile Company at Salina, Kansas producing dungarees, the growth of Lee was prompted by the introduction of the Union-All work jumpsuit in 1913 and their first overall in 1920. Later in the 1920s Lee introduced a zipper fly and continued to expand, around this time, the first childrens overall line was sold. Lee, founder and president of The H. D, during the 1930s and 1940s the company became the leading manufacturer of work clothes in the US. In 1944, the Lazy S became the official Lee back pocket, a flood wiped out Lees Kansas City distribution center. It ruined the entire stock of merchandise, except the Buddy Lee dolls, in 1954, Lee expanded into casual wear. During the 1960s the company expanded to 81 countries and in 1969 was acquired by VF Corporation, Lee aired its first television advertisement, which promoted Lee western wear. In the 1970s Lee shifted its focus from the workwear business, Lee created an all-new fit for women under the Ms. Lee label. A youth wear line for boys and girls was introduced, in 1996, the company launched Lee National Denim Day as part of National Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Working with the Entertainment Industry Foundation, Lee National Denim Day has raised over $75 million to fund breast cancer research programs. In 2014 the brand was relaunched in Paris via the Citadium Paris store, in 1981,240 factory workers in Greenock, Scotland, staged a sit-in in protest against plans to move the factory to Northern Ireland. What was planned as a one-night protest continued for 7 months, as of 2005, Lee Jeans have been manufactured by Arvind Mills in a number of small factories in Chamarajanagar, India. 60,000 workers produce 5,000 pairs of jeans a day, within the USA, the company spends more than $40 million per year on advertising. In 2009, Olson was appointed as the interactive agency for the American brand. Barkley Inc. had previously handled interactive advertising for the brand, arnold Worldwide continues to provide offline advertising services for the brand. Demim, From Cowboys to Catwalks, A Visual History of the Worlds Most Legendary Fabric, Lee Jeans Lee Jeans Australia Lee National Denim Day
Lee (Jeans)
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The identification patch on a set of Lee jeans.
Lee (Jeans)
26.
Wrangler Jeans
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Wrangler is an American manufacturer of jeans and other clothing items, particularly workwear. The brand is owned by the VF Corporation, who also own Lee, JanSport and its headquarters is in downtown Greensboro, North Carolina in the United States, with production plants in a variety of locations throughout the world. Wrangler Jeans were first made by Blue Bell, who acquired the brand when they took over Casey Jones in the mid-1940s, Blue Bell employed Bernard Lichtenstein, a Polish tailor from Łódź who worked closely with cowboys, to help design jeans suitable for rodeo use. This was the origin of Wrangler Jeans, the 13MWZ style, introduced in 1947 as lot number 11MWZ, is still available worldwide. In addition to this, Wrangler has since introduced several lines that are more designated towards a specific group or demographic. Some examples of this are 20X, Riggs, and Aura, Wrangler exports its goods to many countries with Europe and Australia being some of its main export markets. Wrangler has acquired iconic status worldwide and, particularly, in US, UK, Wrangler also has a line of music accessories targeted toward country music fans. Wrangler also has a series of television commercials with Brett Favre playing a game of touch football in the mud. Hudson leaves Spring Hill Farm in Williamson County, Tennessee, and makes his way to North Carolina and he finds work in a factory making overalls, where he earns 25 cents a day sewing on buttons. He and a few others buy several of the machines, lease space above a downtown grocery store. 1919, The business builds its first factory on the corner of South Elm Street, legend has it that a group of railroad workers who bought overalls at the Hudson store gave C. C. Hudson a bell, and after spending time in the factory,1936, Blue Bell launches Super Big Ben Overalls made out of 100% Sanforized Fabric that reduces shrinkage after washing to less than 1%. This sets a new standard for the industry,1943, Blue Bell acquires the Casey Jones Work-Clothes Company and the rights to a rarely used Casey Jones brand name, Wrangler. 1946, Blue Bell starts to develop a line for cowboys. Blue Bell workers take part in a contest to give the jeans a brand name, the winning name is Wrangler, synonymous with the name for a working cowboy. 1947, After designing and testing 13 pairs of prototype jeans, a promotional campaign is launched featuring 11MWZ test riders and rodeo legends Freckles Brown, Bill Linderman, and Jim Shoulders. 1952, Lot number 11MWZ is renamed 13MWZ to conform to the 13 oz. per yard denim weight being used to manufacture the style,1962, Blue Bell opens a factory in Belgium and the Wrangler brand name enjoys a successful launch in Europe. 1973, Wrangler jeans become an icon of youth culture, synonymous with teenagers the world over,1974, The Pro Rodeo Cowboys Association of America officially endorses Wrangler Jeans
Wrangler Jeans
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Dale Earnhardt in his Wrangler Jeans racing suit at 1985 Pocono
Wrangler Jeans
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Wrangler
27.
Warnaco Group
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The Warnaco Group, Inc. was an American textile/clothing corporation which designed, sourced, marketed, licensed, and distributed a wide range of underwear, sportswear, and swimwear worldwide. Its products were sold under brand names including Calvin Klein, Speedo, Chaps, Warners. On 31 October 2012, the announced that it would be acquired by PVH for $2.8 billion in cash. The deal that will give the PVH more control of the Calvin Klein clothing brand as it will unite Calvin Klein formal, underwear, jeans and it was acquired by PVH in Feb 2013. In the late 19th century, Dr. Lucien Warner, a prominent physician gave up his Cortlandville, NY practice to begin a new career on the medical lecturing circuit, Dr. Warner lectured about the harmful effects of the rigid steel-boned corsets of the time. In 1873, he designed a corset that provided both the shape desired by women and the flexibility required to allow movement and reduce injuries caused by previous designs. The next year, Lucien Warner and his brother Dr. Ira De Ver Warner gave up their medical practices, Dr. Warner’s Coraline Health Corsets, as they were marketed, were made up of two pieces of cloth which were laced or clasped together. These revolutionary undergarments also featured shoulder straps and more flexible boning and lateral bust supports made of Coraline, the turn of the century saw even greater success for the company in the hands of the founders’ sons. New products included the rust-proof corset and combination corset and hose-supporter, the Jazz Age and Flapper movement of the 1920s saw the desire for less restrictive fashions. Women had a more care-free attitude toward life and ditched the corset and pantaloons in favor of breast-binding bandeaus and this was a difficult time for the company. Sales through the decade declined and efforts made by the company to adapt to changing times were met with little success. The Great Depression of the 1930s was difficult on the clothing industry, even as the boyish figure of the previous decade’s Flappers fell out of style and curves made a return to fashion, Warner struggled. By 1932, the company had lost more than $1 million, the companys troubles were only made worse by the personal deterioration of CEO, D. H. Warner, who was known as a depraved womanizer. After his wife died in 1931, D. H. continued to finance his debauchery with company profits, control of the company was handed to his son-in-law, John Field. With the corset all but extinct by the mid-1930s, the new leadership focused on developing new products. In 1937, the company that revolutionized corsetry revolutionized the brassiere by assigning letters to various cup sizes, the ABC Alphabet Bra set the standard for bra sizing that is still used today. By the early 1940s, the company was again, bringing in $1 million by 1947. Sales of bras, girdles, and the cross-promotion of the Merry Widow line of corselets with the 1952 Lana Turner movie of the same name, led to record profits
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Lucien Warner, 1889.
Warnaco Group
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Warnaco Group, Inc
Warnaco Group
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With Warner's ABC Alphabet Bras you have the advantage of original skilled designing that insures the best of fit to every customer - A,B,C or D.
Warnaco Group
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Loading ramp of garment factory on Saipan
28.
Speedo
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Speedo International Ltd. is an Australian manufacturer and distributor of swimwear and swim-related accessories based in Nottingham, England. Founded in Sydney, Australia, in 1914, the company is now a subsidiary of the British Pentland Group. Today, the Speedo brand can be found on products ranging from swimsuits, the Speedo brand is manufactured for and marketed in North America as Speedo USA by PVH under an exclusive perpetual licence, who acquired prior licencee Warnaco Group in 2013. In accordance with its Australian roots, Speedo uses a boomerang as their symbol, due to their success in the swimwear industry, the word Speedo has become synonymous with racing bathing suits. Company founder Alexander MacRae emigrated from Loch Kishorn in the western Highlands of Scotland to Sydney, originally working as a milkman, he founded MacRae and Company Hosiery four years later, manufacturing underwear under the brand name Fortitude. The Australian Armys need for socks during the First World War provided MacRae with enough business to expand and in 1927 his first line of swimwear, the following year, a naming contest held among the MacRae staff yielded the slogan Speed on in your Speedos. The contest winner, Captain Parsonson, was awarded £5 for his slogan, in 1932, Speedo made its Olympic debut when 16-year old Australian Clare Dennis won the Womens 200 Meter Breaststroke at the Los Angeles Olympic Games. After nearly being disqualified for showing too much shoulder in her regulation silk Speedo brand swimsuit, the 1936 Berlin Summer Games also saw some controversy as the mens Australian swim team featured shirtless swim trunks for the first time. Also in 1936, Alexander MacRae became involved in the Surf Life Saving Association, to this day, Speedo continues to support the Australian volunteer organisation. Two years later, company founder Alexander MacRae died at the age of 50, after devoting most of its resources to the War effort during World War II, Speedo enjoyed a great post-war demand for swimsuits, specifically the recently invented bikini style. The company quickly reestablished itself as a leader in swimwear manufacturing, in 1951, Speedo Knitting Mills Ltd. incorporated and went public, selling its stock on the Sydney Stock Exchange. By 1957, Speedo had the licence to manufacture and distribute Jockey brand mens underwear in Australia. The company finished off the 1950s by exporting to the United States and exploring potential opportunities in South America, Europe, New Zealand, the end of the 1950s also saw the beginning of a long-lasting business partnership which continues to this day. In 1958, Speedo began the manufacture of American Warnacos White Stag ski-wear line, in exchange, in 1961, White Stag became the exclusive US distributor of Speedo swimwear. Through White Stag, Speedos product line expanded to include mens and womens sportswear, by the middle of the 1960s, Speedo had acquired 30% of Nottingham, UK textile manufacturer Robert Shaw and Company Ltd. and had established a European subsidiary. Licences were also granted to Japanese and South American corporations, the 1968 Mexico City Summer Olympics saw 27 of the 29 gold medalists—22 of which set world records—wearing Speedo brand swimsuits. Speedo began the decade by completing its acquisition of Robert Shaw. On Australia Day,26 January 1981 the Australian Institute of Sport opened in Canberra, also early in the decade, Speedo provided equipment and training to China to aid the communist countrys return to the Olympics for first time since 1958
Speedo
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Australian swimmers
Bonnie Mealing,
Clare Dennis,
Frances Bult with chaperone and sprinters
Eileen Wearne (Aus) and
Thelma Kench (NZ) at the
1932 Los Angeles Olympics
Speedo
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Australian
Jon Henricks after record-breaking 100 meter freestyle finish at
The 1956 Melbourne Summer Olympics
Speedo
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Michael Phelps (centre) unveils the Speedo
LZR Racer suit.
Speedo
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NASA computer image used in development of the Speedo LZR Racer
29.
Apax Partners
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Apax Partners LLP is a British private equity and venture capital firm, headquartered in London, England. The company also operates out of eight offices in New York, Hong Kong, Mumbai, Tel Aviv, Madrid, Stockholm, Milan. The firm, including its various predecessors, have raised approximately $35 billion dating back to 1969, Apax Partners is one of the oldest and largest private equity firms operating on an international basis, ranked the seventh largest private equity firm globally. Apax invests exclusively in business sectors including, telecommunications, information technology, retail and consumer products, media, healthcare and financial. As of the end of 2007, Apax had invested in approximately 340 companies in all stages of development, Apax raises capital for its investment funds through institutional investors including corporate and public pension funds, university and college endowments, foundations and fund of funds. One of the firms co-founders, Alan Patricof, was an investor in Apple Computer. Apax Partners Worldwide is the product of the combination of three firms, Patricof & Co, Saunders III and Allan W. Karp and joined by John Megrue in 1992. In 1969, Alan Patricof founded Patricof & Co. a firm dedicated to making investments in development capital later known as venture capital, in 1975, Patricof launched 53rd Street Ventures, a $10 million vehicle. Meanwhile, in 1972, Sir Ronald Cohen and Maurice Tchénio, MMG initially was established as an advisory firm, working with small emerging companies, rather than an investment firm. However, MMG initially struggled to gain traction amid the economic conditions. By 1977, two of the four founding partners had left MMG, leaving Cohen and Tchénio in need of a partner to help rejuvenate their firm. In that year, Cohen approached Alan Patricof to join them, the new firm would be known as Alan Patricof Associates and ultimately come to be known as Apax Partners. Following the merger, MMG abandoned its advising business, and the new APA shifted its focus exclusively to investing in start-up companies, throughout the 1980s, the firm grew steadily raising capital under a series of separate funds. This trend was prevalent in Europe than the U. S. where Patricof preferred to continue focusing on venture investments. In 1991, Apax Partners became the name for all of its European operations however the U. S. business still operated under the Patricof & Co. name. By the mid-1990s Apax had become one of the private equity firms globally. In 2000, Patricof & Co. adopted the Apax Partners branding, the U. S. business would operate as Apax Partners, Inc. In 2006, Patricof left Apax to form Greycroft Partners which focuses on small early-stage venture capital investments, despite the closer relations between the U. S. and European teams, the firm still operated separate fund entities for each geography
Apax Partners
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Basic investment types
Apax Partners
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Apax Partners
Apax Partners
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3i Group
30.
New York Racing Association
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The New York Racing Association, Inc. is the not-for-profit corporation that operates the three largest thoroughbred horse-racing tracks in the state of New York. It runs Aqueduct Racetrack in South Ozone Park, Queens, Belmont Park in Elmont, Long Island, NYRAs corporate offices are headquartered at the Aqueduct Race Track. The corporation is the successor to the Greater New York Association, NYRA is separate from the governing body that oversees racing in New York, the former New York State Racing and Wagering Board. In 1913, racing returned to New York after a hiatus, only four tracks had survived the hiatus. These were Aqueduct Racetrack, Belmont Park, Jamaica Racetrack and Saratoga Race Course, the tracks came under common ownership with the creation of a non-profit association known as the Greater New York Association in 1955. The association remodeled Aqueduct Racetrack, Belmont Park, and Saratoga Race Course and demolished Jamaica, the partnership became the New York Racing Association on April 10,1958. Later, Belmont Park was closed from 1963 to 1968 in order to construct a new grandstand, from December,2003 through September,2005, NYRA operated under a deferred prosecution agreement following a 2003 federal indictment. The charges related alleged income tax evasion and money laundering by mutuel clerks between 1980 and 1999 with the knowledge of NYRA middle managers, the association emerged from bankruptcy protection September 12,2008 with incorporation of a successor corporation, New York Racing Association Inc. NYRA was reorganized and its franchise to operate the three racetracks was extended through 2033 under legislation approved by the New York state legislature on February 13,2008, the new authorization provided $105 million in direct state aid and forgave millions more in state loans to NYRA. The association also gave up its claim to ownership of the land on which the three racetracks are situated, in return, the state gained expanded oversight responsibility. The state comptroller won the power to audit NYRAs books, the conversion of NYRA from a non-profit association to a not-for-profit corporation also gave the state attorney general enhanced oversight authority. In addition, the state now appoints 11 of the corporations 25 directors, by changing from non-profit to not-for-profit status, NYRA also gained flexibility in its financial management. The New York Racing Association conducts year-round racing in New York, in the winter it operates at Aqueduct, from May to mid-July the operates Belmont. In the latter part of July, all of August into the beginning of September, from September to the end of October racing returns to Belmont. The year concludes in the fall at Aqueduct, NYRA sponsors the Triple Crown for fillies in the US, known as the Triple Tiara. The New York Racing Association has its own law enforcement force composed of uniformed New York State certified Peace Officers, Fire Marshals, the members of this force are responsible for enforcing NYS laws as well as NYRA rules and regulations both on and around NYRA facilities per NYS law. Security Guards supplement the force with non enforcement duties, official site New York Racing Association collected news and commentary
New York Racing Association
New York Racing Association
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The New York Racing Association, Inc.
