1.
Toronto International Film Festival
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The Toronto International Film Festival is one of the largest publicly attended film festivals in the world, attracting over 480,000 people annually. Year-round, TIFF Bell Lightbox offers screenings, lectures, discussions, festivals, workshops, industry support, TIFF Bell Lightbox is located on the north west corner of King Street and John Street in downtown Toronto. In 2015,397 films from 71 countries were screened at 28 screens in downtown Toronto venues, welcoming an estimated 480,000 attendees, TIFF starts the Thursday night after Labour Day and lasts for eleven days. Founded in 1976, TIFF is now one of the most prestigious events of its kind in the world, in 1998, Variety magazine acknowledged that TIFF is second only to Cannes in terms of high-profile pics, stars and market activity. In 2007, TIME noted that TIFF had grown from its place as the most influential film festival to the most influential film festival. This is partially the result of TIFFs ability and reputation for generating Oscar buzz, the Toronto International Festival’s Grolsch People’s Choice Award — which is based on popular vote by Festival filmgoers — has emerged as a beacon of awards-season success. Founded by Bill Marshall, Dusty Cohl and Henk Van der Kolk and that first year,35,000 filmgoers watched 127 films from 30 countries presented in ten programmes. Piers Handling has been the director and CEO since 1994. TIFF was once centred on the Yorkville neighbourhood, but the Toronto Entertainment District later gained a level of prominence. TIFF is known for the celebrity buzz it brings to the area with international media setting up near its restaurants and stores for photos and interviews with the stars. In 2010, TIFF opened its permanent headquarters, TIFF Bell Lightbox, TIFF has grown, steadily adding initiatives throughout the years. TIFF Cinematheque and the Film Reference Library opened in 1990, the TIFF Kids International Film Festival launched in 1998. Film Circuit began exhibiting independent and Canadian films in under-serviced cities across Canada in 1994, the festival was founded in 1976 at the Windsor Arms Hotel by Bill Marshall, Henk Van der Kolk and Dusty Cohl. Beginning as a collection of the films from film festivals around the world. Ironically, however, Hollywood studios withdrew their submissions from TIFF due to concerns that Toronto audiences would be too parochial for their products, in 1994, the decision was made to replace the name Festival of Festivals with Toronto International Film Festival. From 1994 to 2009, the organization running TIFF was named Toronto International Film Festival Group. In 2009, the umbrella organization TIFFG was renamed to TIFF, in 2001, Perspective Canada, the programme that had focused on Canadian films since 1984, was replaced by two programmes, Canada First. A forum for Canadian filmmakers presenting their first feature-length work, featuring eight to 15 films, and Short Cuts Canada, in 2004, TIFF was featured as the site of murder mystery in the film Jiminy Glick in Lalawood, a comedy film starring Martin Short
2.
Palm Springs, California
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Palm Springs is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Coachella Valley. It is located approximately 55 mi east of San Bernardino,107 mi east of Los Angeles,123 mi northeast of San Diego, the population was 44,552 as of the 2010 census. Palm Springs covers approximately 94 square miles, making it the largest city in the county by land area, biking, golf, hiking, horseback riding, swimming, and tennis in the nearby desert and mountain areas are major forms of recreation in Palm Springs. The city is famous for its mid-century modern architecture and design elements. Archaeological research has shown that the Cahuilla people have lived in the area for the past 350–500 years, the Cahuilla name for the area was Se-Khi. The alternating non-reservation sections were granted to the Southern Pacific Railroad as an incentive to bring rail lines through the open desert, presently the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is composed of several smaller bands who live in the modern day Coachella Valley and San Gorgonio Pass areas. The Agua Caliente Reservation occupies 32,000 acres, of which 6,700 acres lie within the city limits, as of 1821 Mexico was independent of Spain and in March 1823 the Mexican Monarchy ended. With the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the region was ceded to the United States in 1848, one possible origin of palm in the place name comes from early Spanish explorers who referred to the area as La Palma de la Mano de Dios or The Palm of Gods hand. The earliest use of the name Palm Springs is from United States Topographical Engineers who used the term in 1853 maps, other early names were Palmetto Spring and Big Palm Springs. The first European resident in Palm Springs itself was Jack Summers, fourteen years later, the Southern Pacific railroad was laid 6 miles to the north, isolating the station. By 1885, when San Francisco attorney John Guthrie McCallum began buying property in Palm Springs, the area was named Palm Valley when McCallum incorporated the Palm Valley Land and Water Company with partners O. C. He also asked Dr. Welwood Murray to establish a hotel across the street from his residence, the crops and irrigation systems suffered flooding in 1893 from record rainfall, and then an 11-year drought caused further damage. The city became a resort in the 1900s when health tourists arrived with conditions that required dry heat. Because of the heat, however, the population dropped markedly in the summer months, Early illustrious visitors included John Muir and his daughters, U. S. Vice President Charles Fairbanks, and Fanny Stevenson, widow of Robert Louis Stevenson, still, Murrays hotel was closed in 1909, nellie N. Coffman and her physician husband Harry established The Desert Inn as a hotel and sanitarium in 1909. It was expanded as a hotel in 1927 and continued on until 1967. Coffman herself was a force in the citys tourism industry until her death in 1950. James Wonders of the Colorado Desert was followed in 1920 by J. Smeaton Chases Our Araby, Palm Springs and the Garden of the Sun, which also served to promote the area
3.
Nancy Wilson (rock musician)
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Nancy Lamoureaux Wilson is an American musician, singer, songwriter, actress, and producer. She and her sister, Ann, are the core of the rock band Heart. Nancy Lamoureaux Wilson was born in San Francisco, California and she is the youngest of three sisters, who grew up in southern California and Taiwan before their US Marine Corps father retired to the Seattle suburb of Bellevue. On February 9,1964, when Wilson and her sister Ann watched The Beatles perform on The Ed Sullivan Show, they both instantly wanted to be like the band. In an interview she said, The lightning bolt came out of the heavens and struck Ann and me the first time we saw the Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show. Thered been so much anticipation and hype about the Beatles that it was an event, like the lunar landing. I was seven or eight at the time, right away, we started doing air guitar shows in the living room, faking English accents, and studying all the fanzines. Two of Wilsons friends who could sing joined her and Ann to form their first music group, calling themselves the Viewpoints, they were a four-part harmony vocal group. Later that year, Ann bought her first guitar, a Kent acoustic, Wilsons parents soon bought Nancy a smaller guitar, but since it would not stay in tune, Anns guitar became hers as well. On August 25,1966, The Beatles played at the Seattle Center Coliseum, Wilsons mother had made matching outfits like the ones that The Beatles wore so that the girls would look professional. The girls wore these outfits to the concert, the Viewpoints first public show was a folk festival on Vashon Island in 1967. In Nancys words, We didnt get paid, but since there were people sitting in folding chairs, the band played at venues such as drive-ins, auto shows, and church socials. Nancys and Anns public debut as a duo took place on Mothers Day at their church. Later at a Youth Day event at their church, the duo chose to sing The Great Mandala, by Peter, Paul and Mary, Elvis Presleys Crying in the Chapel, and The Doors When the Musics Over. The anti-war sentiment, and the irreverence for the venue in some of the lyrics, by the time they finished, more than half had walked out. Nancy felt some guilt over the event, but it lit a bonfire under us because we saw for the first time that what we did on stage could have an impact on an audience, while a senior in high school, Ann joined a band. Their drummer knew a country songwriter who needed a band to play on his songwriting demos, during that session, the engineer allowed them to record the song Through Eyes and Glass, which Nancy and Ann had written. The engineer had his own label, and liked their songs enough that he offered to make up five hundred copies for a few bucks
4.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
5.
Fast Times at Ridgemont High
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Fast Times at Ridgemont High is a 1982 American coming-of-age comedy film written by Cameron Crowe, adapted from his 1981 book of the same name. Crowe went undercover at Clairemont High School in San Diego and wrote about his experiences. In addition to Penn, Reinhold, Cates and Leigh, the film marks early appearances by actors who later became stars, including Nicolas Cage, Forest Whitaker, Eric Stoltz. Among these actors, Penn, Cage, and Whitaker would later win the Academy Award for Best Actor, in 2005, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Brad Hamilton is a senior who is looking forward to his last year of school. He has a job at All-American Burger, where his girlfriend, Lisa. Brad is subsequently fired for losing his temper at an obnoxious customer, when Brad tries to tell Lisa how much he needs her, she says she is breaking up with him to see other guys. Brad quits his job at Captain Hook Fish & Chips because of the humiliation of having to wear a pirate costume when delivering food, Brads sister Stacy is a 15-year-old sophomore and also a virgin. Stacy works at a pizza parlor at the mall alongside her friend, popular. One night at work, Stacy takes an order from Ron Johnson and she then sneaks out to meet him and have sex in a dugout at a softball field. Stacy never hears from Ron again, revealing the loss of her virginity to Linda, Mike Damone, a dilettante who earns money taking bets and scalping tickets, fancies himself a sagacious and worldly ladies man. After Mikes friend Mark Ratner proclaims his love for Stacy to him, Mike later coaxes Mark into taking Stacy on a date to a German restaurant. Afterwards, at her home, Stacy invites Mark into her bedroom and they eventually kiss, but he soon shies away and leaves after Stacy attempts to become intimate with him. Stacy invites Damone over after school for a swim in the pool, Stacy later informs Damone that she is pregnant, and tells him shes scheduled an abortion. But on the day of her appointment, embarrassed at being unable to raise the money for his half of the bill, Stacy asks Brad to drive her to a bowling alley, but she goes to the abortion clinic across the street. When Brad returns, Stacy makes him not to tell their parents. When Stacy tells Linda, Linda becomes angry at Damone, leading to an almost physical confrontation between Damone and Mark in the locker room until it is broken up by the gym teacher. Jeff Spicoli is a surfer and marijuana user who runs afoul of a history teacher Mr. Hand
6.
Clairemont High School
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Clairemont High School is a public high school serving grades 9-12. It is located in the community of Clairemont Mesa, San Diego, California and it is part of the San Diego Unified School District. The campus is situated close to the intersection of Balboa Avenue and it has approximately 1,350 students and 87 certified staff members. It is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, the school is named after the Clairemont community in which it is located. Ritchie Valens, who at the time had two hits on the charts, La Bamba and Donna, played at Clairemont High Schools opening, in 1960, the two schools closest rivals were Kearny High School and Mission Bay High. Their current rivals are crosstown locals Madison High, mary Catherine Swanson started the AVID program at Clairemont High in 1980 with 32 students. Clairemont High includes a program for gifted students called the GATE Seminar program. In 2014 Clairemonts varsity softball won the CIF Division III title by defeating Brawley 3-0. Clairemont has a variety of sports teams, the most attended game is football. The last time the team won CIF was in 1981. The team made the playoffs in 1962,1991,1994,2004,2006,2012 and 2013, Clairemont has a long distance running tradition and won CIF championships in girls cross country in 2009 and 2010. Clairemonts mascot is the Chieftain, the newspaper is The Arrow. The movie Fast Times at Ridgemont High were inspired by author Cameron Crowes undercover research at Clairemont High School during the 1978-79 school year, a track on the band Pierce The Veils album Selfish Machines is titled Fast Times At Clairemont High
7.
Singles (1992 film)
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Singles is a 1992 American romantic comedy film written, co-produced, and directed by Cameron Crowe, and starring Bridget Fonda, Campbell Scott, Kyra Sedgwick, and Matt Dillon. The film was distributed by Warner Bros. and released theatrically on September 18,1992 to generally positive reviews critics and moderate box office success. Singles centers on the romantic lives of a group of young Gen Xers in Seattle, Washington. Most of the characters dwell in an apartment block, a sign in front of which advertises Singles for rent, divided into chapters, the film focuses on the course of two couples rocky romances, as well as the love lives of their friends and associates. Right - a man who would make a romantic partner - by making a video to express her desire. The events of the film are set against the backdrop of the early 1990s grunge movement in Seattle and features appearances from several musicians prominent in that movement. The film was shot at a number of locations around Seattle and includes scenes at Gas Works Park, Capitol Hill, Jimi Hendrixs grave at Greenwood Memorial Park in Renton, the central coffee shop featured in the film is the now-closed OK Hotel. The apartment building is located on the northwest corner of the intersection of E Thomas St & 19th Ave E, additional concert footage was shot in the now-defunct RKCNDY bar. Most of Matt Dillons wardrobe in the movie belonged to Pearl Jam bassist Jeff Ament. During the making of the film Ament produced a list of titles for the fictional band. Chris Cornell took it as a challenge to write songs for the film using those titles, an early acoustic version of the song was created and can be heard in the background during a scene of the film. Citizen Dicks song name Touch Me, Im Dick is a play on the song Touch Me. Also, in the cover photo of the soundtrack, there is a Citizen Dick CD with the track listing on the CD itself. One of the songs is called Louder Than Larry, a wordplay on the Soundgarden album, the band name Citizen Dick is a play on the Seattle band Citizen Sane, which itself is a play on the 1941 film, Citizen Kane. Singles holds an 80% critical approval rating on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 49 reviews, tim Appelo wrote in Entertainment Weekly, With. An ambling, naturalistic style, Crowe captures the appeal of a town where espresso carts sprout on every corner. Pleasant is about the only word I can think of to describe the thing, television tried immediately to turn Singles into a television series. Crowe claims that Singles inspired the television series Friends, on July 5,2015, Derek Erdman held a public screening of the movie in the courtyard of Capitol Hill’s Coryell Court Apartments—the building in which the main characters live
8.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
9.
Grunge
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Grunge is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the mid-1980s in the Pacific Northwest U. S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns. The early grunge movement revolved around Seattles independent record label Sub Pop, the success of these bands boosted the popularity of alternative rock and made grunge the most popular form of rock music at the time. Grunge was also an influence on subsequent genres such as post-grunge, Grunge fuses elements of punk rock and heavy metal, such as the distorted electric guitar used in both genres, although some bands performed with more emphasis on one or the other. Like these genres, grunge typically uses electric guitar, bass guitar, a drummer, Grunge also incorporates influences from indie rock bands such as Sonic Youth. Lyrics are typically angst-filled and introspective, often addressing themes such as alienation, apathy, concerns about confinement. A number of factors contributed to decline in prominence. During the mid-late 1990s, many grunge bands broke up or became less visible, the word grunge was used in print in prior to the use of the term in mainstream publications to refer to the Seattle music genre. Rock has always been about it, Theres primal grunge. distortion. and fuzz. especially on the underground, a reference to distorted sounds in rock in a general sense. Mark Arm, the vocalist for the Seattle band Green River—and later Mudhoney—is generally credited as being the first to use the term grunge to describe the Seattle genre of music. Arm first used the term in 1981, when he wrote a letter under his given name Mark McLaughlin to the Seattle zine Desperate Times, criticizing his own band Mr. Epp and the Calculations as Pure grunge. Sub Pop called Green Rivers 1986 EP Dry as a Bone ultra-loose GRUNGE that destroyed the morals of a generation, Everett True states that when Arm stated that the streets of Seattle paved with grunge, he was using the term disparagingly. In this use of the word grunge, Arm was using it as an adjective, Arm said years later, Obviously, I didnt make grunge up. I got it from someone else, the term was already being thrown around in Australia in the mid-80s to describe bands like King Snake Roost, The Scientists, Salamander Jim, and Beasts of Bourbon. Arm used grunge as a descriptive rather than a genre term. When grunge first developed, music journalists called it rock, due to the genres focus on impossibly. Evergreen State was a college which did not use grading. Bands from Portland, Oregon, such as the Wipers, also influenced the genres pioneers. Some bands associated with the genre, such as Soundgarden, Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains, have not been receptive to the label, preferring instead to be referred to as rock and roll bands
10.
Jerry Maguire
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Jerry Maguire is a 1996 American romantic comedy-drama sports film written, produced and directed by Cameron Crowe, and stars Tom Cruise, Cuba Gooding Jr. and Renée Zellweger. Produced in part by long time Simpsons producer James L. Brooks, it was inspired by sports agent Leigh Steinberg and it was released in North American theaters on December 13,1996, produced by Gracie Films and distributed by TriStar Pictures. The film received acclaim, with critics praising its acting and writing. The film was a success, bringing in more than $273 million worldwide. It was the ninth top-grossing film of 1996, the film was nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor for Tom Cruise, with Cuba Gooding Jr. winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. The film was nominated for three Golden Globes, with Tom Cruise winning for Best Actor, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, with Cuba Gooding Jr. winning Best Supporting Actor. Jerry Maguire is a glossy 35-year-old sports agent working for Sports Management International, in turn, SMI management decides to send Bob Sugar, Jerrys protégé, to fire him. Jerry and Sugar call all of Jerrys clients to try convincing them not to hire the services of the other, Jerry speaks to Arizona Cardinals wide receiver Rod Tidwell, one of his clients who is disgruntled with his contract. Rod tests Jerrys resolve through a long telephone conversation while Sugar is able to convince the rest of Jerrys clients to stick with SMI instead. Leaving the office, Jerry announces that he start his own agency and asks if anyone is willing to join him. Meanwhile, Frank Cush Cushman, a quarterback prospect who expects to be the number one pick in the NFL Draft. However, Sugar is able to convince Cushman and his father to sign with SMI over Jerry the night before the draft, cushmans father implies they decided to sign with Sugar over Jerry when they saw Jerry attending to Tidwell, an African-American player, versus his son. After an argument, Jerry breaks up with his disgruntled fiancée Avery and he then turns to Dorothy, becoming closer to her young son, Ray, and eventually starts a relationship with her. Dorothy contemplates moving to San Diego as she has a job offer there, however she. Jerry concentrates all his efforts on Rod, now his only client, meanwhile, Jerrys marriage with Dorothy gradually deteriorates and they eventually separate. During a Monday Night Football game between the Cardinals and the Dallas Cowboys, Rod plays well but appears to receive an injury when catching a touchdown. He recovers, however, and dances for the cheering crowd. Jerry then flies home to meet Dorothy
11.
Almost Famous
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Almost Famous is a 2000 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Cameron Crowe, and starring Billy Crudup, Kate Hudson and Patrick Fugit. The film is semi-autobiographical, as Crowe himself was a writer for Rolling Stone. The film is based on Crowes experiences touring with rock bands Poco, The Allman Brothers Band, Led Zeppelin, the Eagles, and Lynyrd Skynyrd. Crowe has discussed how during this period he lost his virginity, fell in love, and met his heroes—experiences that are shared by William Miller, the boyish main character of the film. Although a box office bomb, the film received acclaim from critics. It was also awarded the 2001 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Roger Ebert hailed it the best film of the year, and also the 9th best film of the 2000s. It also won two Golden Globes, for Best Picture and Kate Hudson won Best Supporting Actress, in 1969, child prodigy William Miller struggles to fit in with the world. His widowed mother Elaine has led him to believe he is 12 years old, until Williams older sister, Anita and his age is actually 11, his mother had him start first grade at 5 years old and then he skipped 5th grade. Their mother strictly controls and protects him and his older sister Anita, forbidding rock music and other unwelcome influences, driving Anita to leave home and become a flight attendant. In 1973, 15-year-old William, influenced by the rock left by his sister, aspires to be a rock journalist. Rock journalist Lester Bangs, impressed with his writing, gives him a $35 assignment to review a Black Sabbath concert and he cant get backstage, but opening band Stillwater arrives, and after he flatters them with critical praise they bring him along. Lead guitarist Russell Hammond takes a liking to him, partly because of Williams new friendship with veteran groupie Penny Lane, feigning retirement from her glory days, she takes William under her wing. William is contacted by Ben Fong-Torres, editor of Rolling Stone and he convinces Ben to let him write about Stillwater, and he is instructed to go on the road with them. Tensions between Russell and lead singer Jeff Bebe are evident, William begins to interview the members of the band, but Russell repeatedly puts it off. Penny watches the interaction and sympathizes with William, whom they call the enemy because hes a journalist. The band experiences problems with promoters and venues on the tour, and hires Dennis, Penny is told she must leave them before New York, where Russells ex-wife/girlfriend Leslie will join them. Stillwater loses Pennys three protégé groupies to another band in a game, she acts nonchalant but is devastated. Also, Dennis has chartered a plane to allow them to play more gigs than their tour bus does, and there is no room on it for Penny
12.
Billy Wilder
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Billy Wilder was a Austrian-born Jewish American filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, artist and journalist, whose career spanned more than fifty years and sixty films. He is regarded as one of the most brilliant and versatile filmmakers of Hollywoods golden age, with The Apartment, Wilder became the first person to win Academy Awards as producer, director and screenwriter for the same film. Wilder became a screenwriter in the late 1920s while living in Berlin, after the rise of the Nazi Party, Wilder, who was Jewish, left for Paris, where he made his directorial debut. He moved to Hollywood in 1933, and in 1939 he had a hit when he co-wrote the screenplay for the romantic comedy Ninotchka, Wilder established his directorial reputation with an adaption of James M. Cains Double Indemnity, a film noir. Wilder co-wrote the screenplay with crime novelist Raymond Chandler, Wilder earned the Best Director and Best Screenplay Academy Awards for the adaptation of a Charles R. Jackson story The Lost Weekend, about alcoholism. In 1950, Wilder co-wrote and directed the critically acclaimed Sunset Boulevard, from the mid-1950s on, Wilder made mostly comedies. Among the classics Wilder created in this period are the farces The Seven Year Itch and Some Like It Hot and he directed fourteen different actors in Oscar-nominated performances. Wilder was recognized with the American Film Institute Life Achievement Award in 1986, in 1988, Wilder was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award. In 1993, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts, born Samuel Wilder to a Polish-Jewish family in Sucha Beskidzka, Austria-Hungary, to Max and Eugenia Wilder, he was nicknamed Billie by his mother. He had a brother, William Lee Wilder, who also became a screenwriter, film producer. His parents had a successful and well-known cake shop in Sucha Beskidzkas train station, soon the family moved to Vienna, where Wilder attended school. Instead of attending the University of Vienna, Wilder became a journalist, to advance his career Wilder decided to move to Berlin, where, before achieving success as a writer, he allegedly worked as a taxi dancer. After writing crime and sports stories as a stringer for local newspapers, developing an interest in film, he began working as a screenwriter. He collaborated with several other tyros on the 1929 feature People on Sunday and he wrote the screenplay for the 1931 film adaptation of a novel by Erich Kästner, Emil and the Detectives. After the rise of Adolf Hitler, Wilder, Jewish, left for Paris and he relocated to Hollywood prior to its release. Wilders mother, grandmother and stepfather all perished in the Holocaust, after arriving in Hollywood in 1933, Wilder continued his career as a screenwriter. He became a citizen of the United States in 1934. Wilders first significant success was Ninotchka in 1939, a collaboration with fellow German immigrant Ernst Lubitsch and this romantic comedy starred Greta Garbo, and was popularly and critically acclaimed
13.
Kentucky
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Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States. Kentucky is one of four U. S. states constituted as a commonwealth, originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States, Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State, a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures due to the fertile soil. One of the regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky. In 1776, the counties of Virginia beyond the Appalachian Mountains became known as Kentucky County, the precise etymology of the name is uncertain, but likely based on an Iroquoian name meaning the meadow or the prairie. Kentucky is situated in the Upland South, a significant portion of eastern Kentucky is part of Appalachia. Kentucky borders seven states, from the Midwest and the Southeast, West Virginia lies to the east, Virginia to the southeast, Tennessee to the south, Missouri to the west, Illinois and Indiana to the northwest, and Ohio to the north and northeast. Only Missouri and Tennessee, both of which border eight states, touch more, Kentuckys northern border is formed by the Ohio River and its western border by the Mississippi River. The official state borders are based on the courses of the rivers as they existed when Kentucky became a state in 1792, for instance, northbound travelers on U. S.41 from Henderson, after crossing the Ohio River, will be in Kentucky for about two miles. Ellis Park, a racetrack, is located in this small piece of Kentucky. Waterworks Road is part of the land border between Indiana and Kentucky. Kentucky has a part known as Kentucky Bend, at the far west corner of the state. It exists as an exclave surrounded completely by Missouri and Tennessee, Road access to this small part of Kentucky on the Mississippi River requires a trip through Tennessee. The epicenter of the powerful 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes was near this area, much of the outer Bluegrass is in the Eden Shale Hills area, made up of short, steep, and very narrow hills. The Jackson Purchase and western Pennyrile are home to several bald cypress/tupelo swamps, located within the southeastern interior portion of North America, Kentucky has a climate that can best be described as a humid subtropical climate. Temperatures in Kentucky usually range from daytime summer highs of 87 °F to the low of 23 °F. The average precipitation is 46 inches a year, Kentucky experiences four distinct seasons, with substantial variations in the severity of summer and winter. The highest recorded temperature was 114 °F at Greensburg on July 28,1930 while the lowest recorded temperature was −37 °F at Shelbyville on January 19,1994, due to its location, Kentucky has a moderate humid subtropical climate, with abundant rainfall
14.
Indio, California
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Indio is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, located in the Coachella Valley of Southern Californias Colorado Desert region. It lies 23 miles east of Palm Springs,77 miles east of Riverside and it is about 98 miles north of Mexicali, Baja California on the U. S. -Mexican border. The word Indio is Spanish for Indian, the population was 76,036 in the 2010 United States Census, up from 49,116 at the 2000 census, an increase of 55%. Railroad line construction east out of Los Angeles began in 1873, trains were operated to Colton on July 16,1875, and to Indio on May 29,1876. Moving on eastward from Indio, the reached the west bank of the Colorado River opposite Yuma on May 23,1877. There was delay in getting military authority to lay tracks across the Yuma Indian reservation, but the rail-head of the T & P was at a standstill far off in Texas, so Southern Pacific continued building eastward. The City of Indio came about because of the need of a point for the Southern Pacific Railroad between Yuma, Arizona and Los Angeles. The engines needed to be re-filled with water, at first, the-would-be city was called Indian Wells, but because of so many other areas already called that, Indio – after a Spanish variation of the word Indian – was chosen. After the railroads arrival in 1876, Indio really started to grow, the first permanent building was the craftsman style Southern Pacific Depot station and hotel. Southern Pacific tried to make life as comfortable as it could for their workers in order to them from leaving such a difficult area to live in at the time. It was at the center of all life in the desert with a fancy dining room. While Indio started as a town, it soon became agricultural. However, water also was a problem for Indio and the city was flooded several times until the storm water canals were created throughout the Coachella Valley. Businessmen and women found this last frontier land of the continental United States as a place to start fresh. Dr. Harry Smiley and his wife Nell were early residents and stayed in Indio after their car broke down on the way to Los Angeles and became people of influence and helped shape the area. A. G. Tingman was an early storeowner and first Postmaster of Indio, later Dr. June Robertson McCarroll became a leading philanthropist as well as successful doctor in Indio. But even though these early founders of the city are considered pioneers, Indio established itself quickly and kept up with all the trends as they were brought in by the railroads. By the turn of the 20th century, Indio was already more than a railroad town
15.
San Diego
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San Diego is a major city in California, United States. It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately 120 miles south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. With an estimated population of 1,394,928 as of July 1,2015, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego has been called the birthplace of California, historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, the Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly independent Mexico, in 1850, California became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union. The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the center of the region as well as the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. San Diegos main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, the presence of the University of California, San Diego, with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, has helped make the area a center of research in biotechnology. The original inhabitants of the region are now known as the San Dieguito, the area of San Diego has been inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile, sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site San Miguel. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast, in May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California, in July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in, Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks, in 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, the 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde, defeating Pío Pico in the vote
16.
Kindergarten
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Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach traditionally based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. The first such institutions were created in the late 18th century in Bavaria, the term was coined by the German Friedrich Fröbel, whose approach globally influenced early-years education. In 1779, Johann Friedrich Oberlin and Louise Scheppler founded in Strasbourg an early establishment for caring for, at about the same time, in 1780, similar infant establishments were established in Bavaria. In 1802, Princess Pauline zur Lippe established a center in Detmold. In 1816, Robert Owen, a philosopher and pedagogue, opened the first British and probably globally the first infants school in New Lanark, Scotland. In conjunction with his venture for cooperative mills Owen wanted the children to be given a moral education so that they would be fit for work. His system was successful in producing obedient children with basic literacy and numeracy, samuel Wilderspin opened his first infant school in London in 1819, and went on to establish hundreds more. He published many works on the subject, and his became the model for infant schools throughout England. Play was an important part of Wilderspins system of education and he is credited with inventing the playground. In 1823, Wilderspin published On the Importance of Educating the Infant Poor and he began working for the Infant School Society the next year, informing others about his views. He also wrote The Infant System, for developing the physical, intellectual, in 1836 she established an institute for the foundation of preschool centers. The idea became popular among the nobility and the class and was copied throughout the Kingdom of Hungary. He renamed his institute Kindergarten on June 28,1840, reflecting his belief that children should be nurtured and nourished like plants in a garden, women trained by Fröbel opened kindergartens throughout Europe and around the world. The first kindergarten in the US was founded in Watertown, Wisconsin in 1856 and was conducted in German, elizabeth Peabody founded the first English-language kindergarten in the US in 1860. The first free kindergarten in the US was founded in 1870 by Conrad Poppenhusen, a German industrialist and philanthropist, the first publicly-financed kindergarten in the US was established in St. Louis in 1873 by Susan Blow. Canadas first private kindergarten was opened by the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, by the end of the decade, they were common in large Canadian towns and cities. The countrys first public-school kindergartens were established in Berlin, Ontario, in 1885, the Toronto Normal School opened a department for kindergarten teaching. In Afghanistan, children between the age of 3 and 6 attend kindergartens, which though not part of the system are often run by the government
17.
Lester Bangs
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Leslie Conway Lester Bangs was an American music journalist, critic, author, and musician. He wrote for Creem and Rolling Stone magazines and was known for his influence in rock music criticism. Bangs was born in Escondido, in San Diego County, California and he was the son of Norma Belle and Conway Leslie Bangs, a truck driver. Both of his parents were from Texas, his father from Enloe, Norma Belle was a devout Jehovahs Witness. Conway died in a fire when his son was young, when Bangs was 11, he moved with his mother to El Cajon, also in San Diego County. His interests and influences growing up were as wide-ranging as the Beats, jazz musicians like John Coltrane and Miles Davis, comic books and he had a connection with the San Diego Door, an underground newspaper of the late 1960s. In 1969 Bangs became a writer after reading an ad in Rolling Stone soliciting readers reviews. Vocals are sparse, most of the album being filled with plodding bass lines over which the lead guitar dribbles wooden Claptonisms from the masters tiredest Cream days. They even have discordant jams with bass and guitar reeling like velocitized speedfreaks all over each others musical perimeters yet never quite finding synch—just like Cream, in 1973, Jann Wenner fired Bangs from Rolling Stone for disrespecting musicians after a particularly harsh review of the group Canned Heat. Bangs began freelancing for Detroit-based Creem in 1970, in 1971, he wrote a feature for Creem on Alice Cooper, and soon afterward he moved to the Motor City. Named Creems editor in 1971, Bangs fell in love with Detroit, calling it rocks only hope and their writings would provide some of the conceptual framework for the later punk and new wave movements that emerged in New York, London, and elsewhere later in the decade. They would be quick to pick up on these new movements at their inception, Bangs wrote the essay/interview Let Us Now Praise Famous Death Dwarves about Reed in 1975. Creem was also among the earliest publications to give coverage to hard rock and metal artists, such as Motörhead, Kiss, Judas Priest. After leaving Creem in 1976, he wrote for The Village Voice, Penthouse, Playboy, New Musical Express, and many other publications. Writing in Stereo Review, Bangs described the album Funky Kingston, by Toots and the Maytals, as “perfection, the most exciting and diversified set of tunes by a single artist yet released. ”Bangs died in New York City on April 30,1982, at the age of 33, of an accidental overdose of dextropropoxyphene, diazepam. Bangss criticism was filled with references, not only to rock music but also to literature. He was known for his radical and critical style of working, apparent in this quotation, because it seemed to me that the whole thing of interviewing as far as rock stars and that was just such a suck-up. It was groveling obeisance to people who werent that special, really and its just a guy, just another person, so what
18.
Creem
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Creem, Americas Only Rock n Roll Magazine, was a monthly rock n roll publication first published in March 1969 by Barry Kramer and founding editor Tony Reay. It suspended production in 1989 but received a short-lived renaissance in the early 1990s as a glossy tabloid, Lester Bangs, often cited as Americas Greatest Rock Critic, became editor in 1971. The term punk rock was coined by the magazine in May 1971, in the winter of 1969, Barry Kramer owned the Detroit record store Full Circle as well as Mixed Media, a head shop/bookstore and was an unsuccessful concert promoter and band manager. In a fit of pique at the alternative paper rejecting his concert review. Tony Reay, a clerk at the store, became the first editor, naming the publication after his favorite band. Charlie Auringer became the editor and designer, and Dave Marsh joined soon after at age 19. The first issue was distributed only in Detroit as a tabloid-sized newspaper, a deal was struck with a distributor, but many copies were ordered by porn shops who were confused by the faintly suggestive title, who displayed it next to the similarly sized Screw magazine. Richard Siegel became circulation director and within two years CREEM had become a color magazine, sized for newsstand distribution, and secured a national distribution deal. The original offices were at 3729 Cass Avenue in Detroit for the first two years, an armed robbery of the offices convinced Kramer to move the operation to a 120-acre farm in Walled Lake, Michigan at 13 Mile and Haggerty Road. Just before the move, Lester Bangs was hired, originally to write a feature on Alice Cooper and he had been fired from rival music magazine Rolling Stone by publisher Jann Wenner for disrespecting musicians after a particularly harsh review of the group Canned Heat. Bangs fell in love with Detroit, calling it rocks only hope, many of the staff members lived in the Walled Lake farmhouse, with occasional physical altercations between writers. Marsh had objected to Bangs poorly housebroken dog, and placed the dogs dung on Bangs typewriter and this resulted in a fistfight that gave Marsh a gash on his head. Eventually, the magazine was successful enough to move to professional offices in downtown Birmingham. After becoming editor in 1971, Bangs left the magazine in 1976, on January 29,1981, Kramer died of an overdose of nitrous oxide, and Bangs died a year later on April 30,1982 in New York City of an accidental Darvon overdose. The magazine became famous for its comical photo captions, which poked fun at rock stars, the industry, CREEM picked up on punk rock and new wave movements early on. CREEM gave massive exposure to artists like Lou Reed, David Bowie, Roxy Music, Blondie, in the 1980s, it also led the pack on coverage of such upcoming rock icons as R. E. M. The Replacements, The Smiths, The Go-Gos and The Cure and it was also among the first to sing the praises of metal acts like Motörhead, Kiss, Judas Priest, and Van Halen. Melvins guitarist Roger Buzz Osborne taught Kurt Cobain about punk by loaning him records, Alice Cooper referenced the magazine in his song Detroit City – But the Riff kept a Rockin, the Creem kept a-talkin, and the streets still smokin today
19.
Circus (magazine)
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Circus was a monthly American magazine devoted to rock music. It was published from 1966 to 2006, in 1974, a sister publication was launched, titled Circus Raves, but by 1977 that venture had been abandoned. Gerald Rothberg originally put together the magazine under the name Hullabaloo in 1966, since then he has been the publisher and editor-in-chief of the magazine. In its early years it covered hard rock acts like The Doors, later, Circus began to cater to teenage boys focusing mainly on the popular rock acts of the time. In the late 1970s, the magazine started focusing on pop culture as a weekly in the vein of People Magazine, which caused a drop in sales. The magazine gradually shifted to Heavy Metal acts in the early and mid-1980s, then began focusing coverage on glam metal groups like Bon Jovi, until the arrival of grunge, Circus prospered in this style. When grunge did arrive, however, the magazine lost focus, as the 1990s progressed, Rothberg changed the longtime design and logo of the magazine, pared the staff down to a bare minimum, and started using stories from freelancers. It was during this period that the magazine was attacked in the Guns n Roses song Get in the Ring, before the magazine was shut down in May 2006, Circus covered contemporary heavy metal, competing against magazines like Hit Parader. A History of Circus magazine Blog on Circus ending
20.
University of San Diego High School
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The University of San Diego High School, also known as The University High School or Uni, was a Catholic, co-educational, college preparatory secondary school located in San Diego, California. In 2005, the school was closed and reopened in Carmel Valley, in 1970, sister-school Cathedral Girls High School merged with UHS to become a co-educational school. The class of 1971 was the first co-educational graduating class in USDHS history and it maintained its emphasis on teaching solid values and strong discipline, while at the same time, providing opportunities for each student to grow according to his/her individual potential. Over 10,000 students have graduated from the school, students were also afforded opportunities to participate in a wide variety of extracurricular activities including fine arts, athletics, clubs, service organizations and leadership roles. Beginning with the 1998–99 school year, students were required to complete service hours for community organizations to fulfill their graduation requirements, alumni of USDHS and CGHS supported the educational process by sending their children to USDHS and enhancing the academic offerings. Through the generous assistance of parents, this facility has increased its capacity to 90 students with two full-time and two part-time faculty. Dr. Richard Kelly, Principal and President from 1991–2004, acted on the Strategic Plan prepared for USDHS with the assistance of the School Board, Parents Association, the Strategic Plan provides for academic, athletic, and social enhancement, often made possible only by physical plant improvements. Academically, there has been an expansion of the Fine Arts Program, the addition of eight new classrooms, the initial purchase of ten high-end research computers linked to the Internet and a new writing lab complemented the enhancement of the Campus Center building. In 1999, the Diocese of San Diego proposed a plan to relocate University of San Diego High School, the plan was proposed because the rate of student applicants to USDHS was rising and the current campus was too small to handle such a number of students. The plan was approved, and the diocese, contracting with Sundt Inc. began construction on a new campus. The majority of activities have had to hold practices and events outside of the USDHS campus, such as at USD, or at improvised locations on campus. The new campus was due to be completed in summer of 2005, the new school opened as Cathedral Catholic High School in August 2005, with all the same faculty and administration, and the remaining three classes who came from USDHS. The new freshmen class of 2009 was the first to graduate from Cathedral Catholic after all four years at the new location, in 1998, the then-United States Secretary of Education, Richard Riley, named University of San Diego High School a Blue Ribbon School. USDHS, as well as two other San Diego area schools, are among 166 secondary schools nationwide being recognized for their excellence in teaching, student achievement and parental involvement. Note, The first Principal of University of San Diego High School was Reverend Father James Cadden, all of the faculty were ordained Priests for the first few years of Uni Highs existence. The transition to Cathedral Catholic High School has been challenging for students, teachers, Cathedral Catholic has attempted to continue all of the traditions founded at USDHS, from the Dons mascot to the academic, athletic and social awareness standards. September 2007 marked the 50th year of operation for the University of San Diego High School. In addition, the weekend of February 1–3,2008 honored the 50 year legacy held by USDHS and now Cathedral Catholic, with a weekend of celebration for all alumni from all three institutions
21.
Ben Fong-Torres
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Benjamin Ben Fong-Torres is an American rock journalist, author, and broadcaster best known for his association with Rolling Stone magazine and the San Francisco Chronicle. Due to the Chinese Exclusion Act, Fong-Torres father Ricardo, changed his surname to Torres and his family later adopted the hyphenated surname, Fong-Torres. He is the brother of the late Shirley Fong-Torres, Fong-Torres, who graduated from San Francisco State University in 1966 with a B. A. in radio-TV-film, was a writer and senior editor of Rolling Stone nearly from the magazines inception. He conducted interviews for Rolling Stone of entertainment figures including Bob Dylan and he also profiled Marvin Gaye, Sly and the Family Stone, Bonnie Raitt, Paul McCartney and Rodney Dangerfield. A Fong-Torres interview with Ray Charles was awarded the Deems Taylor Award for Magazine Writing in 1974, Fong-Torres was also a rock DJ for San Francisco radio station KSAN-FM in the 1970s. He later hosted a live, weekly entertainment and talk show, Fog City Radio, on television, he is the Emmy Award-winning co-anchor of the Chinese New Year Parade broadcast on KTVU in San Francisco. His book with The Doors was published by Hyperion in November 2006, the Rice Room was reprinted, with additional material and photographs, by the University of California Press in 2011. That year, Fong-Torres published Eagles, Taking It to the Limit, in November 2013, his latest book, Willin, The Story of Little Feat, was released. Since July 2005, Fong-Torres has written the bi-weekly column Radio Waves in the San Francisco Chronicles Sunday Datebook and he has been a contributing editor to Parade magazine, and serves as Senior Editor for Qello, an app and site that streams music concerts and documentaries. In 2007 to 2008, he hosted Backstage Sundays on San Franciscos KFRC-FM, and he was a DJ on BossBossRadio. com until 2016 and he was portrayed in the 2000 film Almost Famous by actor Terry Chen. The fictional version of Fong-Torres is the lead character William Millers editor at Rolling Stone and he is depicted on a mural on the side of a building at Haight and Clayton Streets in San Francisco. Fong-Torres was inducted into the SF State Alumni Hall of Fame in 2004, frequently called upon to MC community events, Fong-Torres was also a judge for the 7th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists careers. In 2010, Suzanne Joe Kai, founder of the AsianConnections. com site, Fong-Torres has long contributed a column, Like a Rolling Stone, to that site. Official site Interview with Ben Fong-Torres -- October 2001, JournalismJobs. com, archive of Ben Fong-Torres column Radio Waves from San Francisco Chronicle
22.
Bob Dylan
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Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, painter, and writer. He has been influential in music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest, early songs such as Blowin in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single Like a Rolling Stone, recorded in 1965, Dylans lyrics incorporate a wide range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture, initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres. Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica, backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, since 1994, Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records and he has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a citation for his profound impact on popular music and American culture. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Marys Hospital on May 24,1941, in Duluth, Minnesota and he has a younger brother, David. Dylans paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire and his maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. Dylans father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner – and mother, Beatrice Beatty Stone, were part of a small, close-knit Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six, when his father had polio and the returned to his mothers hometown, Hibbing. In his early years he listened to the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later and he formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little Richard and their performance of Danny & the Juniors Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone. In 1959, his high school yearbook carried the caption Robert Zimmerman, the same year, as Elston Gunnn, he performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and clapping
23.
David Bowie
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David Robert Jones, known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an innovator. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music, during his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million worldwide, made him one of the worlds best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, in the US, he received five platinum and seven gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, born in Brixton, South London, Bowie developed an interest in music as a child, eventually studying art, music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963. Space Oddity became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969, after a period of experimentation, he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust. The character was spearheaded by the success of his single Starman and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, in 1976, Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station. Heroes and Lodger followed, each reached the UK top five. He then reached his peak in 1983 with Lets Dance. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with styles, including industrial. He stopped concert touring after 2004, and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006, in 2013, Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day. He remained musically active until he died of cancer two days after the release of his final album, Blackstar. David Robert Jones was born on 8 January 1947, in Brixton, south London and his mother, Margaret Mary Peggy, was born in Kent, and had Irish ancestry, she worked as a waitress. His father, Haywood Stenton John Jones, from Yorkshire, was an officer for the childrens charity Barnardos. The family lived at 40 Stansfield Road, near the border of the south London areas of Brixton, Bowie attended Stockwell Infants School until he was six years old, acquiring a reputation as a gifted and single-minded child—and a defiant brawler. In 1953, Bowie moved with his family to the suburb of Bromley and his voice was considered adequate by the school choir, and he demonstrated above-average abilities in playing the recorder. Upon listening to Little Richards song Tutti Frutti, Bowie would later say, presleys impact on him was likewise emphatic, I saw a cousin of mine dance to. Hound Dog and I had never seen her get up and be moved so much by anything and it really impressed me, the power of the music
24.
Neil Young
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Neil Percival Young, OC OM, is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, producer, director and screenwriter. Young began performing in a group covering Shadows instrumentals in Canada in 1960, in 1966, after a brief stint with the Rick James-fronted Mynah Birds, he moved to Los Angeles, where he formed Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills, Richie Furay and others. Young had released two albums by the time he joined Crosby, Stills & Nash in 1969, in addition to two as a member of Buffalo Springfield. From his early albums and those with his backing band Crazy Horse, Young has recorded a steady stream of studio and live albums. Youngs often-distorted electric guitar work, deeply personal lyrics and signature tenor singing voice transcend his long career, Young also plays piano and harmonica on many albums which frequently combine folk, rock, blues and other musical styles. Known to rip up live set lists, Young often plays acoustic versions of songs in one show and his gritty guitar work, especially with Crazy Horse, earned him the nickname Godfather of Grunge and led to his 1995 album Mirror Ball with Pearl Jam. More recently Young has been backed by Promise of the Real, Young directed films using the pseudonym Bernard Shakey, including Journey Through the Past, Rust Never Sleeps, Human Highway, Greendale, and CSNY/Déjà Vu. He also contributed to the soundtracks of the films Philadelphia and Dead Man, Young has received several Grammy and Juno awards. The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inducted him twice, as a solo artist in 1995, in 2000, Rolling Stone named Young the 34th greatest rock n roll artist. He has lived in California since the 1960s but retains Canadian citizenship and he was awarded the Order of Manitoba on July 14,2006, and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on December 30,2009. Young was born on November 12,1945, in Toronto and his father, Scott Alexander Young, was a journalist and sportswriter who also wrote fiction. His mother, Edna Blow Ragland Rassy Young was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, although Canadian, his mother had American and French ancestry. Youngs parents married in 1940 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and their first son, shortly after Youngs birth in 1945, his family moved to rural Omemee, Ontario, which Young later described fondly as a sleepy little place. Young suffered from polio in 1951 during the last major outbreak of the disease in Ontario, after his recovery, the Young family vacationed in Florida. During that period, Young briefly attended Chisolm Elementary School in New Smyrna Beach, in 1952, upon returning to Canada, Young moved from Omemee to Winnipeg for a year, before relocating to Toronto and Pickering. Young became interested in music he heard on the radio. When Young was twelve, his father, who had several extramarital affairs and his mother asked for a divorce which was granted in 1960. Young went to live with his mother, who moved back to Winnipeg, during the mid-fifties, Young listened to rock n roll, rockabilly, doo-wop, R&B, country, and western pop
25.
Eric Clapton
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Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE, is an English rock and blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He is the only inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, once as a solo artist and separately as a member of the Yardbirds. Clapton has been referred to as one of the most important, Clapton ranked second in Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time and fourth in Gibsons Top 50 Guitarists of All Time. He was also named number five in Time magazines list of The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players in 2009, in the mid-1960s Clapton left the Yardbirds to play with John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers. Furthermore, he formed rock band Blind Faith with Baker, Steve Winwood. For most of the 1970s Claptons output bore the influence of the style of J. J. Cale. His version of Marleys I Shot the Sheriff helped reggae reach a mass market, two of his most popular recordings were Layla, recorded with Derek and the Dominos, and Robert Johnsons Crossroads, recorded with Cream. Following the death of his son Conor in 1991, Claptons grief was expressed in the song Tears in Heaven, Clapton has been the recipient of 18 Grammy Awards, and the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. In 2004 he was awarded a CBE at Buckingham Palace for services to music, in 1998, Clapton, a recovering alcoholic and drug addict, founded the Crossroads Centre on Antigua, a medical facility for recovering substance abusers. Clapton was born on 30 March 1945 in Ripley, Surrey, England, to 16-year-old Patricia Molly Clapton and Edward Walter Fryer, Fryer shipped off to war prior to Claptons birth and then returned to Canada. The similarity in surnames gave rise to the belief that Claptons real surname is Clapp. Years later, his mother married another Canadian soldier and moved to Germany, Clapton received an acoustic Hoyer guitar, made in Germany, for his thirteenth birthday, but the inexpensive steel-stringed instrument was difficult to play and he briefly lost interest. Two years later Clapton picked it up again and started playing consistently, Clapton was influenced by the blues from an early age, and practised long hours to learn the chords of blues music by playing along to the records. He preserved his practice sessions using his portable Grundig reel-to-reel tape recorder and his guitar playing was so advanced that, by the age of 16, he was getting noticed. Around this time, Clapton began busking around Kingston, Richmond, in 1962, Clapton started performing as a duo with fellow blues enthusiast David Brock in pubs around Surrey. When he was seventeen years old, Clapton joined his first band, an early British R&B group and he stayed with this band from January until August 1963. In October of that year, Clapton did a stint with Casey Jones & the Engineers. In October 1963, Clapton joined the Yardbirds, a rock and roll band
26.
Eagles (band)
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The Eagles are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1971 by Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Bernie Leadon, and Randy Meisner. With five number-one singles, six Grammy Awards, five American Music Awards, and six number one albums, the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s. Hotel California is ranked 37th in Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time and their Greatest Hits was the best selling album of the 20th century in the U. S. They are the music act and the highest-selling American band in U. S. history. The band released their album, Eagles, in 1972. Their next album, Desperado, was successful than the first, only reaching number 41 on the charts. However, the album does contain what would go on to be two of the bands most popular tracks, Desperado and Tequila Sunrise, the band released On the Border in 1974, adding guitarist Don Felder as the fifth member midway through the recording of the album. The album generated two top 40 singles, Already Gone and their first number one, Best of My Love. Their 1975 album One of These Nights included three top 10 singles, One of These Nights, Lyin Eyes, and Take It to the Limit, guitarist and vocalist, Joe Walsh, also joined the band in 1975. The album yielded two singles, New Kid in Town and Hotel California. The Eagles disbanded in July 1980 but reunited in 1994 for the album Hell Freezes Over and they toured consistently and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2007, the Eagles released Long Road Out of Eden, their first full album in 28 years. The next year launched the Long Road Out of Eden Tour in support of the album. In 2013, they began the extended History of the Eagles Tour in conjunction with the bands documentary release, following the death of Frey in January 2016, Henley stated in several interviews that he didnt think the band would perform again. However, in March 2017 it was announced that the Eagles would be headlining two concerts in July 2017, the Eagles began in early 1971, when Linda Ronstadt and then-manager John Boylan recruited local musicians Glenn Frey and Don Henley for her band. While on the tour, Frey and Henley decided to form a band together, Frey later credited Ronstadt with suggesting Leadon for the band, and arranging for Leadon to play for her so Frey and Henley could approach him about forming a band together. They also pitched the idea to Meisner and brought him on board and these four played live together behind Ronstadt only once for a July concert at Disneyland, but all four appeared on her eponymous album. It was later proposed that J. D. Souther should join the band, the four were signed in September 1971 to Asylum Records, the new label started by David Geffen, who was introduced to Frey by Jackson Browne
27.
Poco
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Poco is a Southern California country rock band originally formed by Richie Furay, Jim Messina and Rusty Young. Formed following the demise of Buffalo Springfield in 1968, Poco was part of the first wave of the West Coast country rock genre, the title of their first album, Pickin Up the Pieces, is a reference to the break-up of Buffalo Springfield. Throughout the years Poco has performed in various groupings, and is still active, during recording of Buffalo Springfields third and final album, Last Time Around, lead singers Stephen Stills, Neil Young and Richie Furay each recorded songs without the other members present. One of Furays solo efforts was the country-influenced ballad Kind Woman, when Buffalo Springfield split up, Furay, Messina and Rusty Young decided to start their own group oriented toward such songs. Its original lineup was Furay, Messina, Rusty Young, George Grantham, the group was signed to a recording contract with Epic Records, which acquired the rights to Furay from the Springfields Atlantic Records label in return for those to Graham Nash of The Hollies. Originally, the new group was named Pogo, after the Pogo comic strip character and their first album, Pickin Up the Pieces, is considered a seminal album of the country rock genre. However, the album performed weakly, peaking at No.63 on Billboard album chart, the bands lineup proved to be a problem throughout its career. During the recording of the album, Meisner left the group as a result of a conflict with Furay. After a stint playing with Ricky Nelsons Stone Canyon Band, Meisner later became a member of the Eagles. Messina briefly took over on bass until Timothy B, Schmit joined the band in September 1969. Their second studio album Poco again resulted in low sales, peaking at No.58, the bands next album, Deliverin, picked up moderate airplay, Furays Cmon hitting No.69. Deliverin’ became Pocos first album to reach the Top 40 on the Billboard 200, Messina chose to leave the band in October 1970, feeling Furay exhibited too much control over the groups sound and left the band to return to studio production. At the recommendation of Peter Cetera of Chicago, Messina selected guitarist/singer Paul Cotton, the realigned Poco, now on its third lineup on just its fourth album, hired Steve Cropper as producer and released From the Inside. Again, poor sales were the result as the release landed at No.52, the band and its management were dissatisfied with Croppers production and hired Jack Richardson, who oversaw the next three albums, beginning with A Good Feelin to Know. The band built the LP around the track, a popular concert tune. The album itself peaked at No.69, as a result, Furay became increasingly discouraged with Pocos prospects, especially since ex-bandmates Stills, Young, Meisner and Messina were so successful with their respective groups. In an April 26,1973 Rolling Stone magazine interview with Cameron Crowe he vented that Poco was still an act and had not increased its audience. The next album, Crazy Eyes, reached No.38 but Furay departed at its release and joined with J. D. Souther, Poco decided not to replace Furay and continued as a quartet
28.
Steely Dan
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Steely Dan is an American jazz rock band whose music also blends elements of crossover jazz, latin music, blue-eyed soul, R&B, boogie, and pop. Founded by core members Walter Becker and Donald Fagen in 1972, Rolling Stone has called them the perfect musical antiheroes for the Seventies. Steely Dan reunited in 1993 and has toured ever since. Recorded with a revolving cast of musicians, Steely Dans music is characterized by complex jazz-influenced structures and harmonies. Becker and Fagen are whimsical, often sarcastic lyricists, having written cerebral, wry and eccentric songs about drugs, love affairs, gambling. Steely Dan toured from 1972 to 1974 before retiring from live performances, after the group disbanded in 1981, Becker and Fagen were less active throughout most of the next decade, though a cult following remained devoted to the group. Since reuniting in 1993 Steely Dan has released two albums of new material, the first of which, Two Against Nature, earned a Grammy Award for Album of the Year. They have sold more than 40 million albums worldwide and were inducted into the Rock, Steely Dan was listed as one of the 100 greatest musical artists of all time according to VH1. Becker and Fagen met in 1968 at Bard College, in Annandale-on-Hudson, as Fagen passed by a café, The Red Balloon, he heard Becker practicing the electric guitar. In an interview, Fagen recounted the experience, I hear this guy practicing and it sounded like, you know, like a black person, really. He introduced himself to Becker and asked, Do you want to be in a band, discovering that they enjoyed similar music, the two began writing songs together. Becker and Fagen began playing in local groups, one such group, known as the Don Fagen Jazz Trio, the Bad Rock Group and later the Leather Canary, included future comedy star Chevy Chase on drums. They played covers of songs by the Rolling Stones, Moby Grape, terence Boylan, another Bard musician, remembered that Fagen took readily to the beatnik life while attending college, They never came out of their room, they stayed up all night. They looked like ghosts — black turtlenecks and skin so white that it looked like yogurt, absolutely no activity, chain-smoking Lucky Strikes and dope. Fagen himself would later remember it as probably the time in my life that I actually had friends. After Fagen graduated in 1969, the two moved to Brooklyn and tried to peddle their tunes in the Brill Building in midtown Manhattan, Becker later said bluntly, We did it for the money. A series of demos from 1968 to 1971 are available in bootleg form and this collection features approximately 25 tracks and is notable for its sparse arrangements and lo-fi production, a contrast with Steely Dans later work. Although some of songs were re-recorded for Steely Dan albums
29.
Led Zeppelin
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Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones, after changing their name from the New Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin signed a deal with Atlantic Records that afforded them considerable artistic freedom. Their fourth album, which features the track Stairway to Heaven, is among the most popular and influential works in rock music, Page wrote most of Led Zeppelins music, particularly early in their career, while Plant generally supplied the lyrics. Jones keyboard-based compositions later became central to the catalogue, which featured increasing experimentation. The latter half of their career saw a series of record-breaking tours that earned the group a reputation for excess, in the decades that followed, the surviving members sporadically collaborated and participated in one-off Led Zeppelin reunions. The most successful of these was the 2007 Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert in London, Led Zeppelin are widely considered one of the most successful, innovative, and influential rock groups in history. They are one of the music artists in the history of audio recording. With RIAA-certified sales of 111.5 million units, they are the band in the US. Each of their nine studio albums placed in the top 10 of the Billboard album chart and they achieved eight consecutive UK number-one albums. Rolling Stone magazine described them as the heaviest band of all time, the biggest band of the Seventies, and unquestionably one of the most enduring bands in rock history. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, in 1966, London-based session guitarist Jimmy Page joined the blues-influenced rock band the Yardbirds to replace bassist Paul Samwell-Smith. Page soon switched from bass to guitar, creating a dual lead guitar line-up with Jeff Beck. Following Becks departure in October 1966, the Yardbirds, tired from constant touring and recording, Page wanted to form a supergroup with him and Beck on guitars, and the Whos Keith Moon and John Entwistle on drums and bass, respectively. Vocalists Steve Winwood and Steve Marriott were also considered for the project, the group never formed, although Page, Beck, and Moon did record a song together in 1966, Becks Bolero, in a session that also included bassist-keyboardist John Paul Jones. The Yardbirds played their final gig in July 1968 at Luton College of Technology in Bedfordshire, Page and Dreja began putting a new line-up together. Pages first choice for the singer was Terry Reid, but Reid declined the offer and suggested Robert Plant. Plant eventually accepted the position, recommending former Band of Joy drummer John Bonham, Jones inquired about the vacant position at the suggestion of his wife after Dreja dropped out of the project to become a photographer. Page had known Jones since they were both musicians and agreed to let him join as the final member
30.
The Allman Brothers Band
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The band incorporates elements of southern rock, blues, jazz, and country music, and their live shows have jam band-style improvisation and instrumentals. The groups first two studio releases stalled commercially, but their 1971 live release, At Fillmore East, represented an artistic, the album features extended renderings of their songs In Memory of Elizabeth Reed and Whipping Post, and is often considered among the best live albums ever made. Group leader Duane Allman was killed in an accident later that year, and the band dedicated Eat a Peach in his memory. Internal turmoil overtook them soon after, the group dissolved in 1976, reformed briefly at the end of the decade with additional personnel changes, the band reformed once more in 1989, releasing a string of new albums and touring heavily. A series of changes in the late 1990s was capped by the departure of Betts. The band retired in 2014 with the departure of the aforementioned members, the band has been awarded seven gold and four platinum albums, and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995. Rolling Stone ranked them 52nd on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time in 2004, Duane Allman, and his younger brother, Gregg, grew up in Daytona Beach, Florida. Gregg was first to pick up the guitar, but his brother soon surpassed him, the duo formed their first band, the Escorts, which evolved into the Allman Joys in the mid-1960s. When an African-American friend introduced Gregg to R&B and soul music, the two were apart for the first time for a year, but managed to reconvene in Miami, producing an album-length demo with the 31st of February, a group that included drummer Butch Trucks. At FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Duane Allman became the session guitarist, recording with artists such as Aretha Franklin. Duane suggested to Wilson Pickett they record a cover of Hey Jude by the Beatles, FAME signed Duane to a five-year recording contract, and he put together a group, including Johnny Sandlin and Paul Hornsby. Duane recruited Jai Johanny Johanson after hearing his drumming on a demo of Jackie Avery. Allman invited bassist Berry Oakley to jam with the new group, the pair had met in a Macon, Georgia, Georgia club some time earlier, and became quick friends. The group had immediate chemistry, and Duanes vision for a different band — one with two guitarists and two drummers — began evolving. Meanwhile, Phil Walden, the manager of the late Otis Redding, Walden intended the upcoming group to be the centerpiece of his new Atlantic-distributed label, Capricorn. Duane and Jaimoe moved to Jacksonville in early March 1969, as Duane had become frustrated with being a robot of those at FAME and he invited anyone who wanted to join to the jam sessions that birthed the Allman Brothers Band. The Second Comings Reese Wynans played keyboards, and Duane, Oakley, the unnamed group began to perform free shows in Willow Branch Park in Jacksonville, with an ever-changing, rotating cast of musicians. Duane felt strongly his brother should be the vocalist of the new group, four days later, the group made their debut at the Jacksonville Armory
31.
Hard rock
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Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
32.
Yes (band)
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Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson and bassist Chris Squire. The band has undergone numerous formations throughout its history, nineteen musicians have been full-time members, since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood. Yes adopted several changes in style, from rearranged covers to progressive and art rock in the 1970s. They have sold 13.5 million RIAA-certified albums in the US, Yes changed their name from Mabel Greers Toyshop and performed rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs as evident on their first two albums. Yes toured as a rock act that earned the band a reputation for their elaborate stage sets, light displays. The success of Roundabout, the single from Fragile, cemented their popularity across the decade, in 1983, Yes reformed with a new line-up that included guitarist Trevor Rabin and a more commercial and pop-oriented musical direction. The result was 90125, their album which contained the US number one single. From 1990 to 1992, Yes were an eight-member formation after they merged with Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe to release Union, since 1994, Yes have released albums with varied levels of success and completed tours from 1997 to 2004. After a four-year break in activity, they resumed touring in 2008 and continue to release albums, Yes are one of the most successful, influential, and longest-lasting progressive rock bands. In 1985, they won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance with Cinema, Yes have headlined annual progressive rock-themed cruises since 2013 named Cruise to the Edge. Their discography spans 21 studio albums, the band will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2017. In 1967, bassist Chris Squire joined the rock band Mabel Greers Toyshop, with singer and guitarist Clive Bayley, drummer Bob Hagger and they played at the Marquee Club in Soho, London where Jack Barrie, owner of the nearby La Chasse club, saw them perform. There was nothing outstanding about them, he recalled, the musicianship was very good, Barrie introduced Squire to singer Jon Anderson, a worker at the bar in La Chasse, who found they shared interests in Simon & Garfunkel and harmony singing. That evening at Squires house they wrote Sweetness, which was included on the first Yes album, meanwhile, Banks had left Mabel Greers Toyshop to join Neat Change, but he was dismissed by this group on 7 April 1968. In June 1968, Hagger was replaced in the nascent Yes by Bill Bruford, who had placed an advertisement in Melody Maker, finally, the classically trained organist and pianist Tony Kaye, of Johnny Taylors Star Combo and The Federals, became the keyboardist and the fifth member. The newborn band rehearsed in the basement of The Lucky Horseshoe cafe on Shaftesbury Avenue between 10 June and 9 July 1968, Anderson suggested that they call the new band Life while Squire suggested that it be called World. At Banks suggestion, the first gig under the new brand followed at a camp in East Mersea. Early sets were formed of songs from artists such as the Beatles
33.
Lynyrd Skynyrd
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Lynyrd Skynyrd is an American rock band best known for popularizing the Southern rock genre during the 1970s. Originally formed in 1964 as My Backyard in Jacksonville, Florida, the band gained worldwide recognition for its live performances and signature songs Sweet Home Alabama and Free Bird. At the peak of their success, three died in an airplane crash in 1977, putting an abrupt end to the bands most popular incarnation. The band has sold 28 million records in the United States, the surviving band members reformed in 1987 for a reunion tour with lead vocalist Johnny Van Zant, the younger brother of lead singer and founder Ronnie Van Zant. Lynyrd Skynyrd continues to tour and record with co-founder Gary Rossington, Johnny Van Zant, fellow founding member Larry Junstrom, along with 70s members Ed King and Artimus Pyle, remain active in music but no longer tour or record with the band. Drummer Michael Cartellone has recorded and toured with Lynyrd Skynyrd as its core drummer since 1999, Lynyrd Skynyrd was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 13,2006. The band then changed its name to The Noble Five, the band used different names before using One Percent during 1968. In 1969, Van Zant sought a new name, the group settled on Leonard Skinnerd, a mocking tribute to physical education teacher, Leonard Skinner at Robert E. Lee High School. Skinner was notorious for strictly enforcing the policy against boys having long hair. Rossington dropped out of school, tired of being hassled about his hair, the more distinctive spelling Lynyrd Skynyrd was being used at least as early as 1970. Despite their high school acrimony, the band developed a relationship with Skinner in later years. Skinner also allowed the band to use a photo of his Leonard Skinner Realty sign for the inside of their third album, by 1970, Lynyrd Skynyrd had become a top band in Jacksonville, headlining at some local concerts, and opening for several national acts. Pat Armstrong, a Jacksonville native and partner in Macon-based Hustlers Inc. with Phil Waldens younger brother, Alan Walden, Armstrong left Hustlers shortly thereafter to start his own agency. Walden stayed with the band until 1974, when management was turned over to Peter Rudge, the band continued to perform throughout the South in the early 1970s, further developing their hard-driving sound and image, and experimenting with recording their sound in a studio. Skynyrd crafted this distinctively southern sound through a blend of country, blues. During this time, the band experienced lineup changes for the first time. Junstrom left and was replaced by Greg T. Walker on bass. At that time, Ricky Medlocke joined as a vocalist and second drummer to help fortify Burns sound on the drums, Medlocke grew up with the founding members of Lynyrd Skynyrd and his grandfather Shorty Medlocke was an influence in the writing of The Ballad of Curtis Loew
34.
King Crimson
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King Crimson are an English rock band formed in London in 1968. Fripp is the only consistent member of the group, and is considered the bands leader, the band has earned a large cult following. King Crimsons debut album, In the Court of the Crimson King, remains its most successful and influential, with its elements of jazz, classical and their success increased following an opening act performance for the Rolling Stones at Hyde Park, London, in 1969. Following the less successful In the Wake of Poseidon, Lizard, and Islands, the reached a new creative peak with Larks Tongues in Aspic, Starless and Bible Black. Fripp disbanded the group in 1974, in 1981, King Crimson reformed with a change in musical direction which lasted for three years, resulting in the trio of albums Discipline, Beat, and Three of a Perfect Pair. Following a decade-long hiatus, Fripp revived the group in 1994, since 1997, several musicians have pursued aspects of the bands work and approaches through a series of related bands collectively referred to as ProjeKCts. In 2000, the band reunited once more and released The Construkction of Light, the bands most recent album is The Power to Believe. In 2009 the band undertook a tour to celebrate their 40th Anniversary, fellow Dorset musician Robert Fripp – a guitarist who did not sing – responded and the trio formed the band Giles, Giles and Fripp. Based on a format of pop songs and complex instrumentals. The band hovered on the edge of success, with several radio sessions and a television appearance, the album was no more of a success than the singles, and was even disparaged by Keith Moon of the Who in a magazine review. Attempting to expand their sound, the three recruited Ian McDonald on keyboards, reeds and woodwinds, McDonald brought along his then-girlfriend, former Fairport Convention singer Judy Dyble, whose brief tenure with the group ended when the two split. Would you like to get together on a couple of songs, Fripp, meanwhile, saw Clouds perform at the Marquee Club in London which inspired him to incorporate classical melodies and jazz-like improvisation in his song writing. No longer interested in pursuing Peter Giles more whimsical pop style, Fripp recommended his friend, singer and guitarist Greg Lake, join, Peter Giles later called it one of Fripps cute political moves. But he had become disillusioned with the lack of success and departed, leaving Lake to become bassist. The first incarnation of King Crimson formed in London on 30 November 1968, the bands name was coined by Sinfield, though it is not meant to be a synonym for Beelzebub, prince of demons. McDonald suggested the purchase a Mellotron, and they began using it to create an orchestral rock sound. Sinfield described Crimson thus, If it sounded at all popular, so it had to be complicated, it had to be more expansive chords, it had to have strange influences. If it sounded, like, too simple, wed make it more complicated, wed play it in 7/8 or 5/8, just to show off
35.
Linda Ronstadt
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Linda Maria Ronstadt is an American popular music singer. She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award and she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014. On July 28,2014, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts, in total, she has released over 30 studio albums and 15 compilation or greatest hits albums. Ronstadt charted 38 Billboard Hot 100 singles, with 21 reaching the top 40,10 in the top 10 and this success did not translate to the UK, with only her single Blue Bayou reaching the UK Top 40. Her duet with Aaron Neville, Dont Know Much, peaked at number 2 in December 1989, in addition, she has charted 36 albums,10 top-10 albums and three number 1 albums on the Billboard Pop Album Chart. Her autobiography, Simple Dreams, A Musical Memoir, was published in September 2013 and it debuted in the Top 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list. She has lent her voice to over 120 albums and has more than 100 million records. Christopher Loudon, of Jazz Times, wrote in 2004 that Ronstadt is blessed with arguably the most sterling set of pipes of her generation, after completing her last live concert in late 2009, Ronstadt retired in 2011. She was diagnosed as having Parkinsons disease in December 2012, which left her unable to sing. Linda Maria Ronstadt was born in 1946 in Tucson, Arizona, daughter to Gilbert Ronstadt, a prosperous merchant who ran the F. Ronstadt Co. and Ruth Mary Ronstadt. Ronstadt was raised on the familys 10-acre ranch with her siblings Peter, Michael J. the family was featured in Family Circle magazine in 1953. Lindas father came from a pioneering Arizona ranching family and was of German, English, the familys influence on and contributions to Arizonas history, including wagon making, commerce, pharmacies, and music, are chronicled in the library of the University of Arizona. Her mother Ruth Mary, of German, English, and Dutch ancestry, was raised in Flint and she was a daughter of Lloyd Groff Copeman, a prolific inventor and holder of many patents. Copeman, with nearly 700 patents to his name, invented a form of the toaster, many refrigerator devices, the grease gun, the first electric stove. His flexible rubber ice cube tray earned him millions of dollars in royalties, later, as a solo artist, she released Hand Sown. Home Grown in 1969, which has described as the first alternative country record by a female recording artist. With the release of chart-topping albums such as Heart Like a Wheel, Simple Dreams and she set records as one of the top-grossing concert artists of the decade. Referred to as the First Lady of Rock and the Queen of Rock and her rock-and-roll image was as famous as her music, she appeared six times on the cover of Rolling Stone and on the covers of Newsweek and Time
36.
Rory Gallagher
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William Rory Gallagher was an Irish blues and rock multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and bandleader. Born in Ballyshannon, County Donegal, and brought up in Cork, Gallagher recorded solo albums throughout the 1970s and 1980s and he was a talented guitarist known for his charismatic performances and dedication to his craft. Gallaghers albums have sold in excess of 30 million copies worldwide, Gallagher received a liver transplant in 1995, but died of complications later that year in London, UK at the age of 47. Gallagher was born in Ballyshannon, County Donegal in 1948 and his father Daniel was employed by the Irish Electricity Supply Board, who were constructing a hydro-electric power plant on the Erne River above the town. The family moved, first to Derry City, where his younger brother Dónal was born in 1949 and his mother, Monica, and the two boys then moved to Cork, where the brothers were raised. Daniel Gallagher had played the accordion and sang with the Tír Chonaill Céilí Band whilst in Donegal, their mother Monica was a singer, the Theatre in Ballyshannon where Monica once acted is now called the Rory Gallagher Theatre. Both sons were musically inclined and encouraged by their parents, at age nine, Gallagher received his first guitar from them. He built on his ability on ukulele in teaching himself to play the guitar. After winning a talent contest when he was twelve, Gallagher began performing in his adolescence with both his guitar, and an electric guitar he bought with his prize money. However, it was his three years later of a 1961 Fender Stratocaster for £100 that became his primary instrument and most associated with him for the span of his lifetime. Gallagher was initially attracted to skiffle after hearing Lonnie Donegan on the radio, Donegan frequently covered blues and folk performers from the United States. He relied entirely on radio programs and television, occasionally, the BBC would play some blues numbers, and he slowly found some song books for guitar, where he found the names of the actual composers of blues pieces. While still in school, playing songs by Buddy Holly and Eddie Cochran and he began experimenting with folk, blues, and rock music. Influences he discovered, and cited as he progressed, included Woody Guthrie, Big Bill Broonzy, initially, Gallagher struck out after just an acoustic sound. Singing and later using a brace for his harmonica, Gallagher taught himself to slide guitar. Further, throughout the next few years of his development, Gallagher began learning to play alto saxophone, bass, mandolin, banjo. By his mid-teens, he began experimenting heavily with different blues styles, Gallagher began playing after school with Irish showbands, while still a young teenager. In 1963, he joined one named Fontana, a playing the popular hit songs of the day
37.
Todd Rundgren
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Todd Harry Rundgren is an American multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and record producer. Rundgren has often been at the forefront as a promoter of cutting edge recording technologies, although lesser known, Couldnt I Just Tell You has had a major influence on artists in the power pop musical genre. Rundgren was born in Upper Darby, at the city limits of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father was of half Swedish and half Austrian descent and he began his career in Woodys Truck Stop, a Philadelphia-based group in the style of Paul Butterfield Blues Band. The group gained recognition with the Rundgren-penned songs Open My Eyes. Nazz released three albums during this time – Nazz, Nazz Nazz, and Nazz III, Open My Eyes gained belated recognition thanks to its inclusion in Nuggets, the genre-defining anthology of American 1960s garage punk and psychedelia compiled by musician Lenny Kaye. The groups second LP was originally intended as double album, Rundgren and Van Osten left the band shortly after. Particularly during the years of his career, Rundgrens songwriting was heavily influenced by the music of singer-songwriter Laura Nyro. I met her right after Eli and the Thirteenth Confession, I actually had arranged a meeting, just because I was so infatuated with her and I wanted to meet the person who had produced all this music. We got along, and we were kind of friendly, and actually, after I met her the first time, but the Nazz had just signed a record contract and I couldnt skip out on the band, even though it was incredibly tempting. Rundgrens debut solo album Runt includes the strongly Nyro-influenced Baby Lets Swing, Nazz manager Michael Friedman, who had joined Albert Grossman management brought Rundgren to the firm where he became both a solo artist and producer for many artists in the Grossman stable. He also apparently considered working as a computer programmer, subsequently, he became one of the first artists signed to Grossmans Bearsville Records label. D. Smart, with whom Rundgren worked on later projects. Rothchild, the result was Joplins swansong LP Pearl, which Rothchild pieced together from the session tapes. This was followed by an album for the Paul Butterfield Blues Band. One of these was attended by a budding New York writer called Patti Smith and his work for The Band was followed by a second album for Winchester and the album Taking Care of Business by the James Cotton Blues Band. Rundgren himself wrote, produced, sang and played guitars, keyboards, Smart on the rest of the album. Furthermore, only Rundgren is pictured on the covers of albums, and both albums have been subsequently reissued with the same titles and cover art, but bearing the artist credit Todd Rundgren
38.
Joel Selvin
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Joel Selvin is an American San Francisco-based music critic and author known for his weekly column in the San Francisco Chronicle which ran from 1972 to 2009. Selvin has published articles in Rolling Stone, the Los Angeles Times, Billboard and he has appeared in documentaries about the music scene and has occasionally taken the stage himself as a rock and roll singer. Selvin was born in Berkeley, California and he has stated that he failed to graduate with his Berkeley High School class of 1967. He moved to San Francisco and was hired as a boy at the San Francisco Chronicle. Selvin soon wangled a backstage pass for a show at The Fillmore, Selvin left the Chronicle for a brief, unsuccessful effort in undergraduate studies at the University of California, Riverside where he wrote for the school paper. Returning to San Francisco, he wrote a review of First Step by the Faces for Rolling Stone, when Wasserman died in 1979, Selvin picked up the reins of the Chronicles pop music coverage. A half year later, one of Selvins more infamous pieces ran about Bob Dylans first concert in San Francisco after his conversion to Christianity, in his piece entitled Bob Dylans God-Awful Gospel, Selvin wrote, Genius may be pain, but this guy is not feeling any pain. Anesthetized by his beliefs, Dylan has written some of the most banal, uninspired. He cannibalized melodies from some of his songs to give the new ones their strongest moments. In 1994, Selvin began managing other pop music staff writers, directing and overseeing their assignments, Selvin reviewed music for the Chronicle for more than three decades. His weekly column was observed by competing journalists as one which contained errors. Bill Wyman worked for a time as the editor of Riff Raff, the review column at the SF Weekly. Wyman and his colleagues regularly printed a section entitled Selvin Watch which listed small, Wyman once wrote that the rule at Selvin Watch was to ignore one or two errors, but publish if there were three or more in any one Selvin piece. In January 1999, Derk Richardson interviewed Selvin and other San Francisco Bay Area music critics about the perks that are given to them by music industry promoters. Regarding conflict of interest issues that may result from a critic, the better our sources, the more effective our work. But developing these sources inevitably engenders sympathy or, at least, Selvin continued, I think everybody has to kind of draw their own lines of what is compromising in their hearts. For instance, I take the free CDs and use them as tools of my work, I would not accept any paid travel any longer. Selvins ex-wife Keta Bill and daughter Carla, both musicians, took part in the celebration, Gibson Guitar Corporation gave Selvin a Gibson SG guitar which was signed by many of the artists present
39.
San Francisco Chronicle
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It was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. The paper is owned by the Hearst Corporation, which bought it from the de Young family in 2000. The paper benefited from the growth of San Francisco and was the largest circulation newspaper on the West Coast of the United States by 1880. Like many other newspapers, it has experienced a fall in circulation in the early 21st century. The newspaper publishes two web sites, SFGate, which has a mixture of news and web features. Between World War II and 1971, new editor Scott Josephine Newhall took a bold, the newspaper grew in circulation to become the citys largest, overtaking the rival San Francisco Examiner. The demise of other San Francisco dailies through the late 1950s and early 1960s left the Examiner, from 1965 on the two papers shared a single classified-advertising operation. This arrangement stayed in place until the Hearst Corporation took full control of the Chronicle, beginning in the early 1990s, the Chronicle started to face competition beyond the borders of San Francisco. The Chronicle launched five zoned sections to appear in the Friday edition of the paper, the sections covered San Francisco, and four different suburban areas. They each featured a unique columnist, enterprise pieces and local news specific to the community, the newspaper added 40 full-time staff positions to work in the suburban bureaus. The de Young family controlled the paper, via the Chronicle Publishing Company, until July 27,2000, following the sale, the Hearst Corporation transferred the Examiner to the Fang family, publisher of the San Francisco Independent and AsianWeek, along with a $66-million subsidy. Under the new owners, the Examiner became a free tabloid, in 1949, the de Young family founded KRON-TV, the Bay Areas third television station. Until the mid-1960s, the station, operated from the basement of the Chronicle Building, KRON moved to studios at 1001 Van Ness Avenue. The frequent bold-faced, all-capital-letter headlines typical of the Chronicles front page were eliminated, editor Ward Bushees note heralded the issue as the start of a new era for the Chronicle. On July 6,2009, the paper unveiled some alterations to the new design that included yet newer section fronts and wider use of color photographs and graphics. In a special section publisher Frank J. Vega described new, the newer look was accompanied by a reduction in size of the broadsheet. On November 9,2009, the Chronicle became the first newspaper in the nation to print on high-quality glossy paper, the high-gloss paper is used for some section fronts and inside pages. As of 2013 the publisher of the Chronicle is Jeffrey Johnson, audrey Cooper was named editor-in-chief in January 2015 and is the first woman to hold the position
40.
American Hot Wax
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Freed is often credited with coining the term Rock n Roll. It also featured performances by Chuck Berry, Jerry Lee Lewis, Frankie Ford, Screamin Jay Hawkins, and the Brooklyn Dreams as Professor La Plano and The Planotones. On theater release, the film did not do well at the box office with critics, a&M Records released a two-record soundtrack album featuring the Brooklyn Paramount performances from the movie on record one and original recordings used throughout the film on record two. The soundtrack reached number 31 on the Billboard charts, leaving some to wonder just how that was possible with such meagre public exposure, producer Art Linson discusses the movies production and failure at the box office in his book What Just Happened. Bitter Hollywood Tales from the Front Line, critic Pauline Kael praised the performances and approvingly called the film a super B-movie and trashily enjoyable. American Hot Wax at the Internet Movie Database American Hot Wax at Rotten Tomatoes
41.
Simon & Schuster
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Simon & Schuster, Inc. a subsidiary of CBS Corporation, is an American publishing company founded in New York City in 1924 by Richard Simon and Max Schuster. As of 2016, Simon & Schuster publishes 2,000 titles annually under 35 different imprints, in 1924, Richard Simons aunt, a crossword puzzle enthusiast, asked whether there was a book of New York World crossword puzzles, which were very popular at the time. After discovering that none had been published, Simon and Max Schuster decided to launch a company to exploit the opportunity, at the time, Simon was a piano salesman and Schuster was editor of an automotive trade magazine. They pooled US$8,000 to start a company to publish crossword puzzles, fad publishing became the business model for the new publishing house, which set out to exploit current fads and trends and publish books with commercial appeal. Instead of signing authors with a manuscript, they came up with their own ideas. In the 1930, the moved to what was known as Publishers Row on Park Avenue in Manhattan. In 1939, with Robert Fair de Graff, Simon & Schuster founded Pocket Books, in 1942, Simon & Schuster, or Essandess as it is called in the initial announcement, launched the Little Golden Books series in cooperation with the Artists and Writers Guild. Simon & Schusters partner in the venture was the Western Printing and Lithographing Company, Western Printing bought out Simon & Schusters interest in 1958. In 1944, Marshall Field III, owner of the Chicago Sun, purchased Simon & Schuster, following Fields death in 1957, his heirs sold the company back to Richard Simon and Max Schuster, while Leon Shimkin and James Jacobson acquired Pocket Books. In the 1950s and 1960s, many publishers including Simon & Schuster turned toward educational publishing due to the boom market. Pocket Books focused on paperbacks for the market instead of textbooks. By 1964 it had published over 200 titles and was expected to put out another 400 by the end of that year, Books published under the imprint included classic reprints such as Lorna Doone, Ivanhoe, Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, and Robinson Crusoe. In 1966, Max Schuster retired and sold his half of Simon & Schuster to Leon Shimkin, Shimkin then merged Simon & Schuster with Pocket Books under the name of Simon & Schuster. Among his many bestsellers was Joseph Hellers Catch-22, in 1976, Gulf+Western headed by Charles Bluhdorn acquired S&S, which was grossing about US$50 million a year for $11 million, most of it in Gulf+Western stock. After the death of Bluhdorn in 1983, Simon & Schuster made the decision to diversify, bluhdorns successor Martin Davis told The New York Times, Society was undergoing dramatic changes, so that there was a greater need for textbooks, maps and educational information. We saw the opportunity to diversify into areas, which are more stable. In 1984, CEO Richard E. Snyder acquired Esquire Corporation, buying everything, Prentice Hall was brought into the company fold in 1985 for over $700 million and Martin Davis said that Prentice Hall became the road map for remodeling the company and a catalyst for change. This acquisition was followed by Silver Burdett in 1986, mapmaker Gousha in 1987, part of the acquisition included educational publisher Allyn & Bacon which according to Michael Korda became the nucleus of S&Ss educational and informational business
42.
Homecoming
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Homecoming is the tradition of welcoming back former students and celebrating a schools existence. It is a tradition in high schools and colleges in the United States, Canada. Homecoming is a tradition in the United States. People, towns, high schools, and colleges come together, usually in late September or early October, to welcome back alumni and former residents. It is built around an event, such as a banquet and, most often. When celebrated by schools, the activities vary widely, a dance commonly follows the game or the day following the game. When attached to a game, Homecoming traditionally occurs on the teams return from the longest road trip of the season. The game itself, whether it be football or another sport, the game is supposed to be an easy win and thus weaker schools will sometimes play lower division schools. The tradition of Homecoming has its origin in alumni football games held at colleges and universities since the 19th century, Many schools including Baylor, Southwestern, Illinois, and Missouri have made claims that theyve held the first modern homecoming. The NCAA, Trivial Pursuit, Jeopardy. and references from the American TV drama NCIS give the title to the University of Missouris 1911 football game during which alumni were encouraged to attend and it was the first annual homecoming centered on a parade and a football game. Along with the game, the celebration included a parade. The event was a success, with nearly 10,000 alumni coming home to part in the celebration and watch the Tigers. The Missouri annual homecoming, with its parade and spirit rally centered on a football game is the model that has gone on to take hold at colleges. At least two collegiate homecoming celebrations predate the University of Missouri football game homecoming event, Southwestern University, in Georgetown, TX and Baylor University, in Waco, TX. By multiple historical accounts, Southwestern held the first Homecoming on record on Wednesday, former students raised funds, provided homes, prepared and served a barbecue supper, and decorated the town buildings. Members of the senior class waited tables, northern Illinois University has one of the longest-celebrated homecoming traditions in the country. The alumni football game played on Oct.10,1903, baylors homecoming history dates back to November 1909 and included a parade, reunion parties and an afternoon football game, a tradition that continued and celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2009. There was a gap between 1910 and 1915 when there was no homecoming event, however there has been continuity since 1915, the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign claims to have first held a homecoming event in 1910, celebrating the 100th anniversary in 2010
