1.
ICAO airport code
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The ICAO airport code or location indicator is a four-character alphanumeric code designating aerodromes around the world. ICAO codes are used to identify other aviation facilities such as weather stations, International Flight Service Stations or Area Control Centers. Flight information regions are identified by a unique ICAO-code. Code selections in North America were based on existing radio station identifiers, for example, radio stations in Canada were already starting with C, so it seemed logical to begin Canadian airport identifiers with Cxxx. The United States had many pre-existing airports with established mnemonic codes and their ICAO codes were formed simply by prepending a K to the existing codes, as half the radio station identifiers in the US began with K. Most ICAO codes outside the US and Canada have a geographical structure. Most of the rest of the world was classified in a more planned top-down manner, thus Uxxx referred to the Soviet Union with the second letter denoting the specific region within it, and so forth. Europe had too many locations for one starting letter, so it was split into Exxx for northern Europe. The second letter was more specific, EGxx was the United Kingdom, EDxx was West Germany, ETxx was East Germany, LExx was Spain, LAxx was Albania, France was designated LFxx, as the counterpart EFxx was the unambiguously northern Finland. ICAO codes are separate and different from IATA codes, which are used for airline timetables, reservations. For example, the IATA code for Londons Heathrow Airport is LHR, in general IATA codes are usually derived from the name of the airport or the city it serves, while ICAO codes are distributed by region and country. Far more aerodromes have ICAO codes than IATA codes, and to add to the confusion IATA codes are assigned to railway stations. Unlike the IATA codes, the ICAO codes generally have a structure and are comprehensive. In general, the first letter is allocated by continent and represents a country or group of countries within that continent, the second letter generally represents a country within that region, and the remaining two are used to identify each airport. The exception to rule is larger countries that have single-letter country codes. In either case, ICAO codes generally provide geographical context unlike IATA codes, for example, if one knows that the ICAO code for Heathrow is EGLL, then one can deduce that the airport EGGP is somewhere in the UK. On the other hand, knowing that the IATA code for Heathrow is LHR does not enable one to deduce the location of the airport LHV with any greater certainty, there are a few exceptions to the regional structure of the ICAO code made for political or administrative reasons. Similarly Saint Pierre and Miquelon is controlled by France, and airports there are assigned LFxx as though they were in Europe, further, in region L, all available 2-letter prefixes have been exhausted and thus no additional countries can be added
2.
Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste
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Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste, S. A. B. de C. V. known as ASUR, is a Mexican airport operator headquartered in Mexico City, Mexico. It operates 9 airports in the states of Mexico, including that of Cancun. It is the third largest airport services company by passenger traffic in Mexico and it serves approximately 23 million passengers annually. ASUR is listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange and in the NYSE and it is a constituent of the IPC, the main benchmark index of the Mexican Stock Exchange. ASUR was created in 1996 as the Mexican government started the privatisation of the airport network. In 2000, ASUR launched its IPO on the NYSE and the Mexican Stock Exchange, in 2004, Fernando Chico Pardo becomes the main shareholder of the company. In 2005, the government privatized its remaining 11. 1% shares it owned in ASUR, in 2008, ASUR reached 17.8 million yearly passengers. In 2012,19.3 million passengers travelled through ASURs airports, in 2013,21 million passengers were recorded in ASURs airports. In November 2011, ASUR agreed to sell 49% of its shares of Inversiones y Tecnicas Aeroportuarias to the transport company ADO, in July 2012, in a 50/50 joint-venture with Highstar Capital, ASUR won the bid to operate the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport for a 40-year term. In December 2015, ASUR signed a deal with SunPower to purchase 36 megawatts of energy to power its network of airports. In March 2016, amid a crisis of domestic competitor OMA. Mexican Airports Number of passengers at each airport by 2016, List of the busiest airports in Mexico Official Website
3.
Quintana Roo
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Quintana Roo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Quintana Roo, is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into ten municipalities and its capital city is Chetumal and it is located in Southeastern Mexico, on the eastern part of the Yucatán Peninsula. Quintana Roo has a coastline to the east with the Caribbean Sea and it also claims territory which gives it a small border with Guatemala in the southwest of the state, although this disputed area is also claimed by Campeche. The Sian Kaan biosphere reserve is located in the state. The statewide population is expanding at a rapid rate due to the construction of hotels, many immigrants come from Yucatán, Campeche, Tabasco, and Veracruz. On February 1,2015, Quintana Roo officially adopted a new zone, Southeastern, which is five hours behind Coordinated Universal Time. Reasons cited for the change include coordination of air travel, banking operations, and more daylight hours, the area that makes up modern Quintana Roo was long part of Yucatán, sharing its history. With the Caste War of Yucatán, which started in the 1840s, the independent Maya nation of Chan Santa Cruz was based on what is now the town of Felipe Carrillo Puerto. For decades it maintained independence, having separate trade and treaty relationships with British Honduras. Quintana Roo was made a territory of Mexico by decree of President Porfirio Díaz on November 24,1902 and it was named after an early patriot of the Mexican Republic, Andrés Quintana Roo. The Mexican army succeeded in defeating most of the Maya population of the region during the 1910s, in 1915 the area was again declared to be legally part of the state of Yucatán. Quintana Roo was granted statehood within the United Mexican States on October 8,1974 and it is the Mexican Republics youngest state. According to the Köppen climate classification, much of the state has a tropical wet, the mean annual temperature is 26 °C. The hottest months are April and August where the high is 33 °C while January is coldest month with an average low of 17 °C. Extreme temperatures can range from low of 10 °C in the coldest months to 36 °C in the hottest months, Quintana Roo averages 1,300 mm of precipitation per year, which falls throughout the year, though June to October are the wetter months. Hurricanes can occasionally hit the areas during the hurricane season. The State of Quintana Roo is divided into 11 municipalities, each headed by a municipal president, Quintana Roo ranks sixth among Mexican states according to the United Nations Human Development index. The Yucatán Peninsula is one of the most forested areas of the world in terms of mass per hectare
4.
Mexico
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Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States, to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean, to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea, and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers, Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area, Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana, pre-Columbian Mexico was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya and Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Three centuries later, this territory became Mexico following recognition in 1821 after the colonys Mexican War of Independence. The tumultuous post-independence period was characterized by instability and many political changes. The Mexican–American War led to the cession of the extensive northern borderlands, one-third of its territory. The Pastry War, the Franco-Mexican War, a civil war, the dictatorship was overthrown in the Mexican Revolution of 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the countrys current political system. Mexico has the fifteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest by purchasing power parity, the Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement partners, especially the United States. Mexico was the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and it is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts. By 2050, Mexico could become the fifth or seventh largest economy. The country is considered both a power and middle power, and is often identified as an emerging global power. Due to its culture and history, Mexico ranks first in the Americas. Mexico is a country, ranking fourth in the world by biodiversity. In 2015 it was the 9th most visited country in the world, Mexico is a member of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G8+5, the G20, the Uniting for Consensus and the Pacific Alliance. Mēxihco is the Nahuatl term for the heartland of the Aztec Empire, namely, the Valley of Mexico, and its people, the Mexica and this became the future State of Mexico as a division of New Spain prior to independence. It is generally considered to be a toponym for the valley became the primary ethnonym for the Aztec Triple Alliance as a result. After New Spain won independence from Spain, representatives decided to name the new country after its capital and this was founded in 1524 on top of the ancient Mexica capital of Mexico-Tenochtitlan
5.
Focus city
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In the airline industry, a focus city is a destination from which an airline operates several point-to-point routes. Thus, a city primarily caters to the local market rather than to connecting passengers. However, with the terms expanded usage, a city may also function as a small-scale hub. Allegiant Air, JetBlue and Frontier Airlines are examples of airlines that consider some of their destinations to be focus cities
6.
Interjet
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ABC Aerolíneas, S. A. de C. V. operating as Interjet, is a Mexican airline with its headquarters in Lomas de Chapultepec, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico. The airline operates scheduled flights to Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, North America and it is wholly owned by the Aleman Group. It is one of the first regular low-cost airlines of Mexico, the airline described itself as the JetBlue of Mexico. Interjet also operates charter flights throughout the American continent, mainly in the Caribbean. Interjet started operations on December 1,2005, with one Airbus A320 aircraft, the airline placed an order for 25 new A320 aircraft to replace the second-hand ones, which was increased by another ten aircraft on January 10,2010. On July 21,2011, Interjet made the first flight in America using biofuel, on the Mexico City – Tuxtla Gutierrez route, with an Airbus A320-200, on March 2,2015, Interjet firmed 10 Sukhoi Superjet 100 options valued at $350 million. As of March 2015, several airlines have begun codeshare agreements with Interjet, on July 1,2011, Interjet began flights to its first international destination, to La Aurora International Airport in Guatemala City from Mexico City International Airport. On February 23,2012, Interjet started flights to its first U. S. destination, on June 21 that year the airline began flights to its second Central America destination, to San José de Costa Rica from Benito Juárez International Airport. On August 2,2012, Interjet began flights to its second U. S. destination to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City from Benito Juárez International Airport, the airline began daily scheduled flights six weeks later on October 11. On June 13,2014, Interjet announced that it would end John Wayne Airport flights on July 20,2014, adolfo López Mateos International Airport in Toluca beginning on November 15,2012. On July 10,2013, Interjet began service to El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá from Benito Juárez International Airport, on June 10,2014, Interjet and Iberia began a codeshare agreement on their flights. On October 23,2014, Interjet began service to Houston - George Bush Intercontinental Airport from Monterrey International Airport, on February 18,2016, Interjet began service to Los Angeles International Airport from Guadalajara International Airport. On October 20,2016, Interjet launched service to Los Angeles International Airport from Benito Juarez International Airport in Mexico City. Interjet flies between locations in Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Peru and the United States from its base in Guadalajara, Mexico City, and Monterrey. Interjet has also become a choice for surfers traveling to Mexico because of its baggage policy of not charging extra fees for those passengers transporting a surfboard
7.
Volaris
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It is the countrys second largest airline after Aeroméxico and serves domestic and international destinations within the Americas. It is a competitor in the Mexican domestic airline market. The pre-operations phase started in August 2005 under the name Vuela Airlines, major initial shareholders of the company were Grupo Televisa, Inbursa, Avianca and the Discovery Americas Fund. Each of these partners invested 25% of the initial cost of activities, ticket sales started on January 12,2006, and, following the delivery of the airlines first aircraft, the first flight was operated in February 2006. Scheduled revenue flights were launched on March 13,2006, with the inaugural flight having been operated from Toluca to Tijuana, initially, the airline avoided flying to Mexico City because of it being a congested and expensive airport. The airline took over several slots that had been owned by now-defunct Mexicana and its subsidiaries MexicanaClick and MexicanaLink, in March,2011, it announced that its hub in Toluca would move to Guadalajara. On June 5,2012, the airline launched a frequent flyer program called VClub and it is the membership program that provides special fares, offers, last minute travel deals and other perks. Customers can save up to 40% using the VClub membership, on June 6,2012, PayPal became a payment alternative for the airline, enabling customers to purchase tickets directly from the airlines website. On September 17,2012, Volaris announced a partnership with a German airline. Passengers of Condor are able to fly to more international destinations, on March 13,2013, the airline celebrated its seventh anniversary, offering passengers 70% off all flights, it has done this every year since then. Volaris announced the creation of a subsidiary, Volaris Costa Rica, the subsidiary, based at Juan Santamaría International Airport in Costa Rican capital San José, started operations in November 2016. In November 2008, Volaris announced an agreement with US-based low-cost carrier Southwest Airlines. In April 2009, Volaris announced the start of US-bound flights out of Toluca, later on, US-flights were also offered from Zacatecas and Morelia, with Monterrey-Los Angeles in planning. On December 13,2010, Volaris started services between Midway International Airport and Guadalajara and it is Volaris fourth international destination, first international service to a secondary airport and the longest route of Volaris history. After Mexicana de Aviacións shutdown, Volaris took over many of Mexicanas international destinations and flights from its focus city, on February 25,2011, it was announced that Volaris would acquire Mexicanas destination, Fresno Yosemite International Airport and would begin service on April 14,2011. Fresno was Volaris first US destination where it did not partner with Southwest Airlines, the airline began using Guadalajara International Airport as an American gateway hub in late 2011. Volaris sought permission to fly between Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and Mexico City, along with a number of other U. S. -Mexico routes, Volaris submitted the request on February 3,2011 and the U. S. Department of Transportation granted approval on February 11. However, Volaris did not launch the service until over four years later, on April 29,2015, Volaris received approval to fly to Southern Californias San Diego International Airport on July 12,2012
8.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
9.
Runway
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According to the International Civil Aviation Organization, a runway is a defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft. Runways may be a surface or a natural surface. Runways are named by a number between 01 and 36, which is generally the magnetic azimuth of the heading in decadegrees. This heading differs from true north by the magnetic declination. A runway numbered 09 points east, runway 18 is south, runway 27 points west, when taking off from or landing on runway 09, a plane would be heading 90°. A runway can normally be used in both directions, and is named for each separately, e. g. runway 33 in one direction is runway 15 when used in the other. The two numbers usually differ by 18, Runway Zero Three Left becomes Runway Two One Right when used in the opposite direction. In some countries, if parallel runways are too close to each other, at large airports with four or more parallel runways some runway identifiers are shifted by 10 degrees to avoid the ambiguity that would result with more than three parallel runways. For example, in Los Angeles, this results in runways 6L, 6R, 7L. At Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, there are five parallel runways, named 17L, 17C, 17R, 18L, for clarity in radio communications, each digit in the runway name is pronounced individually, runway three six, runway one four, etc. A leading zero, for example in runway zero six or runway zero one left, is included for all ICAO, however, most U. S. civil aviation airports drop the leading zero as required by FAA regulation. This also includes some military airfields such as Cairns Army Airfield and this American anomaly may lead to inconsistencies in conversations between American pilots and controllers in other countries. It is very common in a such as Canada for a controller to clear an incoming American aircraft to, for example, runway 04. In flight simulation programs those of American origin might apply U. S. usage to airports around the world, for example, runway 05 at Halifax will appear on the program as the single digit 5 rather than 05. Runway designations change over time because the magnetic poles slowly drift on the Earths surface, depending on the airport location and how much drift takes place, it may be necessary over time to change the runway designation. As runways are designated with headings rounded to the nearest 10 degrees, for example, if the magnetic heading of a runway is 233 degrees, it would be designated Runway 23. If the magnetic heading changed downwards by 5 degrees to 228, if on the other hand the original magnetic heading was 226, and the heading decreased by only 2 degrees to 224, the runway should become Runway 22. Because the drift itself is slow, runway designation changes are uncommon
10.
Asphalt
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Asphalt, also known as bitumen is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in deposits or may be a refined product. Until the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used, the word is derived from the Ancient Greek ἄσφαλτος ásphaltos. The primary use of asphalt/bitumen is in construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt, the terms asphalt and bitumen are often used interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured forms of the substance. In American English, asphalt is the carefully refined residue from the process of selected crude oils. Outside the United States, the product is often called bitumen, geologists often prefer the term bitumen. Common usage often refers to forms of asphalt/bitumen as tar. Naturally occurring asphalt/bitumen is sometimes specified by the crude bitumen. Its viscosity is similar to that of cold molasses while the material obtained from the distillation of crude oil boiling at 525 °C is sometimes referred to as refined bitumen. The Canadian province of Alberta has most of the reserves of natural bitumen, covering 142,000 square kilometres. Additionally, most natural bitumens contain organosulfur compounds, resulting in a sulfur content of up to 4%. Nickel and vanadium are found in the <10 ppm level, as is typical of some petroleum, the substance is soluble in carbon disulfide. It is commonly modelled as a colloid, with asphaltenes as the dispersed phase, and it is almost impossible to separate and identify all the different molecules of asphalt, because the number of molecules with different chemical structure is extremely large. Asphalt/bitumen can sometimes be confused with tar, which is a visually similar black. During the early and mid-20th century when town gas was produced, coal tar was a readily available byproduct, the addition of tar to macadam roads led to the word tarmac, which is now used in common parlance to refer to road-making materials. However, since the 1970s, when natural gas succeeded town gas, other examples of this confusion include the La Brea Tar Pits and the Canadian oil sands, both of which actually contain natural bitumen rather than tar. Pitch is another term used at times to refer to asphalt/bitumen
11.
Spanish language
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Spanish —also called Castilian —is a Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain, with hundreds of millions of native speakers around the world. It is usually considered the worlds second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese and it is one of the few languages to use inverted question and exclamation marks. Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. Beginning in the early 16th century, Spanish was taken to the colonies of the Spanish Empire, most notably to the Americas, as well as territories in Africa, Oceania, around 75% of modern Spanish is derived from Latin. Greek has also contributed substantially to Spanish vocabulary, especially through Latin, Spanish vocabulary has been in contact from an early date with Arabic, having developed during the Al-Andalus era in the Iberian Peninsula. With around 8% of its vocabulary being Arabic in origin, this language is the second most important influence after Latin and it has also been influenced by Basque as well as by neighboring Ibero-Romance languages. It also adopted words from languages such as Gothic language from the Visigoths in which many Spanish names and surnames have a Visigothic origin. Spanish is one of the six languages of the United Nations. It is the language in the world by the number of people who speak it as a mother tongue, after Mandarin Chinese. It is estimated more than 437 million people speak Spanish as a native language. Spanish is the official or national language in Spain, Equatorial Guinea, speakers in the Americas total some 418 million. In the European Union, Spanish is the tongue of 8% of the population. Spanish is the most popular second language learned in the United States, in 2011 it was estimated by the American Community Survey that of the 55 million Hispanic United States residents who are five years of age and over,38 million speak Spanish at home. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 uses the term castellano to define the language of the whole Spanish State in contrast to las demás lenguas españolas. Article III reads as follows, El castellano es la lengua española oficial del Estado, las demás lenguas españolas serán también oficiales en las respectivas Comunidades Autónomas. Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State, the other Spanish languages as well shall be official in their respective Autonomous Communities. The Spanish Royal Academy, on the hand, currently uses the term español in its publications. Two etymologies for español have been suggested, the Spanish Royal Academy Dictionary derives the term from the Provençal word espaignol, and that in turn from the Medieval Latin word Hispaniolus, from—or pertaining to—Hispania
12.
Caribbean
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The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 700 islands, islets, reefs and cays. These islands generally form island arcs that delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea, in a wider sense, the mainland countries of Belize, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana are often included due to their political and cultural ties with the region. Geopolitically, the Caribbean islands are usually regarded as a subregion of North America and are organized into 30 territories including sovereign states, overseas departments, and dependencies. From December 15,1954, to October 10,2010, there was a known as the Netherlands Antilles composed of five states. The West Indies cricket team continues to represent many of those nations, the region takes its name from that of the Caribs, an ethnic group present in the Lesser Antilles and parts of adjacent South America at the time of the Spanish conquest. The two most prevalent pronunciations of Caribbean are KARR-ə-BEE-ən, with the accent on the third syllable. The former pronunciation is the older of the two, although the variant has been established for over 75 years. It has been suggested that speakers of British English prefer KARR-ə-BEE-ən while North American speakers more typically use kə-RIB-ee-ən, usage is split within Caribbean English itself. The word Caribbean has multiple uses and its principal ones are geographical and political. The Caribbean can also be expanded to include territories with strong cultural and historical connections to slavery, European colonisation, the United Nations geoscheme for the Americas accords the Caribbean as a distinct region within the Americas. Physiographically, the Caribbean region is mainly a chain of islands surrounding the Caribbean Sea, to the north, the region is bordered by the Gulf of Mexico, the Straits of Florida and the Northern Atlantic Ocean, which lies to the east and northeast. To the south lies the coastline of the continent of South America, politically, the Caribbean may be centred on socio-economic groupings found in the region. For example, the known as the Caribbean Community contains the Co-operative Republic of Guyana. Bermuda and the Turks and Caicos Islands, which are in the Atlantic Ocean, are members of the Caribbean Community. The Commonwealth of the Bahamas is also in the Atlantic and is a member of the Caribbean Community. According to the ACS, the population of its member states is 227 million people. The geography and climate in the Caribbean region varies, Some islands in the region have relatively flat terrain of non-volcanic origin and these islands include Aruba, Barbados, Bonaire, the Cayman Islands, Saint Croix, the Bahamas, and Antigua
13.
Mexico City International Airport
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Mexico City International Airport, officially Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juárez is an international airport that serves Greater Mexico City. It is Mexicos and Latin Americas busiest airport by passenger traffic, the airport sustains 35,000 jobs directly and around 15,000 indirectly in the immediate area. In recent years Toluca Airport has become an alternate airport and this hot and high airport is served by 30 domestic and international passenger airlines and 17 cargo carriers. As the main hub for Mexicos largest airline Aeroméxico, the airport has become a SkyTeam hub and it is also a hub for Aeromar, Interjet, Volaris and a focus city for VivaAerobus. On a typical day, more than 100,000 passengers pass through the airport to, in 2016, the airport handled 41,710,254 passengers, a 8. 53% increase compared to 2015. Madero to the north and Venustiano Carranza to the west, south, therefore, there is an important overflying problem and noise pollution. The original site, known as Llanos de Balbuena, had used for aeronautical activities since 1910, when Alberto Braniff became the first to fly an aeroplane in Mexico. The flight was onboard of a Voisin biplane, on November 30,1911, President Francisco I. Madero, was the first head of State in the world to fly onboard of a Deperdussin airplane piloted by Geo M. Dyott of Moisant International, in 1915 the airport first opened as Balbuena Military Airport with five runways. Construction of a civilian airport began in 1928. The first landing was on November 5,1928, and regular service started in 1929 and its first international route was to Los Angeles International Airport operated by Mexicana. Construction of Runway 05D-23I started six years later, as well as new facilities such as a platform, a terminal building, the runway started its operations in 1951. On November 19,1952, President Miguel Alemán opened the passenger terminal, on December 2,1963, Walter C. Buchanan, former director of the Transport and Communications Department, changed the airports name Aeropuerto Central to Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México. In the 1970s, president Luis Echeverría closed the two remaining shorter runways, on the land of 13-31 a social housing complex was built, in 1980, the terminal was expanded to double its capacity, using a single large terminal rather than multiple terminals as in other airports. Ten years later in 1990, the mixed domestic/international gates were separated to increase the functionality, along with the separation of domestic. On November 24,1978, the Mexico Control Tower began its operations, the AICM has continually improved its infrastructure. Renovations to the AICM continued and on April 11,1994 and it was built by a private contractor according to a co-investment agreement with Airports and Auxiliary Services
14.
Magnicharters
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Magnicharters was established in 1994 and started operations in January 1995. Focusing on the tourism market, it mainly serves the major beach resorts of the country. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport Nuevo Vallarta - Lic, the aircraft with 103 passengers and 6 crew members had been on Flight 582 from Cancún. Following the crash, a fire broke out, but the aircraft was evacuated in time. Upon approaching Guadalajara International Airport, the gear could not be fully lowered. There were no injuries among the 108 passengers and 8 crew on board. On 26 November 2015 another landing gear problem on a Boeing 737-300 occurred and caused the main leg to fail and sway the aircraft. A photo labelled MEXICO AIRPORT FIRE DEPT shows the main gear leg displaced to the rear. This points out not to a folded LG, but a structural failure
15.
Airport lounge
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An airport lounge is a hospitality facility operated at many airports. The American Airlines Admirals Club was the first airport lounge when it opened at New York Citys La Guardia Airport in 1939, then AA president C. R. Smith conceived it as a promotional tool. Airlines operate airline lounges as a service to passengers, usually those flying first and business class. Most major carriers have one or more lounges in their hubs, the major US airlines—American, Delta and United —operate dozens of lounges, while smaller airlines like Alaska Airlines tend to only operate a handful of lounges in their hub and focus cities. Airlines outside of North America and Australia generally do not sell lounge membership, however, if one has a lounge membership in an airline in one of the three major airline alliances, they may have access to the lounges of the other members of that alliance. It is however not uncommon for members to agree individually to allow usage of each others lounges. Although Alaska Airlines operates just five Board Rooms, its members have access to American Airlines Admirals Club, Board Room members cannot, however, access the lounges of other Oneworld members, such as British Airways or Japan Airlines. Private companies, such as Aspire Lounges by Swissport and Plaza Premium Lounge, in contrast to airline lounges, these facilities are open to any traveller traversing the airport, regardless of class of ticket or airline, subject to payment of a fee. Most only offer day passes, but some also offer yearly, for many airlines, a first class lounge will also be offered to international first class and top-tier passengers. First class lounges are usually more exclusive and will feature extra amenities over business class that are more in line with the European/Asian concept of an airport lounge. In the few cases where an amenity is offered only in the business class lounge, in most cases, airlines will offer first class passengers a free pass to their standard airport club. Some airlines offer arrival lounges for passengers to shower, rest, access to airport lounges may be obtained in several ways. In Australia, Canada, and the United States, a method to gain access is by purchasing an annual or a lifetime membership, while in Asia. Membership fees are sometimes discounted for elite members of a frequent flyer program. Lounge access can also be attained with an airline status card, the top frequent-flyer levels often offer access to any of an airlines lounges or partner airlines lounges, when traveling in any class of travel on any of the partner airlines. Aspire Airport Lounges can be accessed by anyone, irrespective of airline or flight class, Aspire Lounges are highly regarded through their contemporary design and complimentary food and drink offering. Executive Lounges, also owned by Swissport, offer a range of benefits when booking an Aspire Lounge directly with them. Premium credit and charge cards such as Diners Club International, American Express Platinum, some banks like HSBC and ABN Amro offer lounge access for premium clients
16.
Air France
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Air France, stylized as AIRFRANCE, is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France. It is a subsidiary of the Air France–KLM Group and a member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance. The airlines global hub is at Charles de Gaulle Airport with Orly Airport, Air Frances corporate headquarters, previously in Montparnasse, Paris, are located on the grounds of Charles de Gaulle Airport, north of Paris. During the Cold War, from 1950 until 1990, it was one of the three main Allied scheduled airlines operating in Germany at West Berlins Tempelhof and Tegel airports. In 1990, it acquired the operations of French domestic carrier Air Inter and it served as Frances primary national flag carrier for seven decades prior to its 2003 merger with KLM. Between April 2001 and March 2002, the airline carried 43.3 million passengers and had a revenue of €12. 53bn. In November 2004, Air France ranked as the largest European airline with 25. 5% total market share, Air France operates a mixed fleet of Airbus and Boeing widebody jets on long-haul routes, and uses Airbus A320 family aircraft on short-haul routes. Air France introduced the A380 on 20 November 2009 with service to New York Citys JFK Airport from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, the carriers regional airline subsidiary, HOP. operates the majority of its regional domestic and European scheduled services with a fleet of regional jet aircraft. Of these airlines, SGTA was the first commercial company in France. The constituent members of Air France had already built extensive networks across Europe, to French colonies in North Africa, during World War II, Air France moved its operations to Casablanca. In 1936, Air France added French-built twin engine Potez 62 aircraft to its featuring a two compartment cabin that could accommodate 14 to 16 passengers. A high wing monoplane, it had a fuselage with composite coating while the wings were fabric covered with a metal leading edge. Equipped with Hispano-Suiza V-engines, they were used on routes in Europe, South America, on 26 June 1945 all of Frances air transport companies were nationalised. On 29 December 1945, a decree of the French Government granted Air France the management of the entire French air transport network, Air France appointed its first flight attendants in 1946. The same year the airline opened its first air terminal at Les Invalides in central Paris and it was linked to Paris Le Bourget Airport, Air Frances first operations and engineering base, by coach. At that time the network covered 160,000 km, claimed to be the longest in the world, Société Nationale Air France was set up on 1 January 1946. European schedules were initially operated by a fleet of Douglas DC-3 aircraft, on 1 July 1946, Air France started direct flights between Paris and New York via refuelling stops at Shannon and Gander. Douglas DC-4 piston-engine airliners covered the route in just under 20 hours, in September 1947 Air Frances network stretched east from New York, Fort de France and Buenos Aires to Shanghai
17.
Lufthansa
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It operates services to 18 domestic destinations and 197 international destinations in 78 countries across Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe, using a fleet of more than 270 aircraft. Lufthansa is one of the five founding members of Star Alliance, the name of the company is derived from Luft, and Hansa. Combined with its subsidiaries, the group has 656 aircraft, as of February 2016, in 2014, the group carried over 106 million passengers. Lufthansas registered office and corporate headquarters are in Cologne, the main operations base, called Lufthansa Aviation Center, is at Lufthansas primary hub at Frankfurt Airport. The majority of Lufthansas pilots, ground staff, and flight attendants are based there, Lufthansas secondary hub is Munich Airport. Lufthansa was a state-owned enterprise until 1994, in 2014, 60% of Lufthansas shares were held by institutional investors. The remaining 40% were held by individual stock owners, since 1970, Lufthansa has involved its employees in profit sharing, giving them the opportunity to choose between cash and preference shares. When Lufthansa was privatised, employees received more than 3% of its shares, Lufthansa traces its history to 1926 when Deutsche Luft Hansa A. G. was formed in Berlin. DLH, as it was known, was Germanys flag carrier until 1945 when all services were suspended following the defeat of Nazi Germany, West Germany had not yet been granted sovereignty over its airspace, so it was not known when the new airline could become operational. Nevertheless, in 1953 Luftag placed orders for four Convair CV-340s and four Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellations and set up a maintenance base at Hamburg Airport. On 6 August 1954, Luftag acquired the name and logo of the liquidated Deutsche Lufthansa for DM30,000, on 1 April 1955 Lufthansa won approval to start scheduled domestic flights, linking Hamburg, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Cologne, and Munich. In August 1958 fifteen Lufthansa 1049Gs and 1649s left Germany each week to Canada, the special status of Berlin meant that Lufthansa was not allowed to fly to either part of Berlin until 1989. Originally thought to be only a matter, the Division of Germany turned out to be long. East Germany tried to establish its own airline in 1955 using the Lufthansa name, but this resulted in a dispute with West Germany. East Germany instead established Interflug as its national airline in 1963, in 1958 Lufthansa ordered four Boeing 707s and started jet flights from Frankfurt to New York City in March 1960. Boeing 720Bs were later bought to back up the 707 fleet, in February 1961 Far East routes were extended beyond Bangkok, Thailand, to Hong Kong and Tokyo. Lagos, Nigeria and Johannesburg, South Africa were added in 1962, Lufthansa introduced the Boeing 727 in 1964 and that May began the Polar route from Frankfurt to Tokyo via Anchorage. In February 1965 the company ordered twenty-one Boeing 737s that went into service in 1968, Lufthansa was the first customer for the Boeing 737 and was one of four buyers of the 737-100s
18.
Air Transat
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Air Transat is a Canadian leisure airline based in Montreal, Quebec, operating scheduled and charter flights, serving 63 destinations in 30 countries. The airline is owned and operated by Transat A. T. Inc, Air Transat made its inaugural flight on November 14,1987, travelling from Montreal to Acapulco. Six years later, Air Transat assumed defunct Nationairs maintenance base, today, the company books over 3.5 million passengers a year. It is an owned subsidiary of Transat A. T. Inc. On February 13,2009, Transat A. T. announced a partnership with CanJet. Since 1 May 2009, Transat Tours Canada has chartered CanJets Boeing 737 aircraft flying from Canadian cities to various destinations and this replaced an agreement with Calgary based Westjet. Air Transat is one of Canadas largest airlines, after Air Canada, on February 13,2011, Air Transat Flight TS163 operated with their first all female flight crew from Cancun to Vancouver. The airline has won awards, including the 2012 Skytrax Worlds Best Leisure Airline Award. On September 13,2013, Air Transat struck a lease deal with Air France-KLM leisure carrier Transavia France. Air Transat specializes in charter flights from 19 Canadian cities to destinations, mainly to 15 countries in the south during winter. Also, some destinations are provided all year around by the airline and its main Canadian gateways are Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, Toronto Pearson International Airport and Vancouver International Airport. The airline also has operations at Calgary International Airport, Edmonton International Airport, Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport, the aircraft safely landed at Lajes Air Base, on the island of Terceira. The aircraft was evacuated in 90 seconds, all 306 passengers on board survived. The part did not maintain adequate clearance between the lines and the fuel line, allowing vibration in the hydraulic lines to degrade the fuel line. The aircraft involved in the incident was repaired and remains in service with Air Transat, the incident went down in history as the longest non-powered flight and landing by a commercial airliner. The crew returned to Cuba, where they made a safe landing, the investigation that followed determined that the manufacturers inspection procedure for the composite rudder was not adequate. Inspection procedures for composite structures on airliners were changed because of this incident, media related to Air Transat at Wikimedia Commons Official website
19.
WestJet
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WestJet Airlines Ltd. is a Canadian airline that began as a low-cost alternative to the countrys competing major airlines. WestJet provides scheduled and charter air service to 100 destinations in Canada, the United States, Europe, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. Founded in 1996, it is currently the second-largest Canadian air carrier, behind Air Canada, operating an average of 425 flights, in 2013, WestJet carried 18.5 million passengers, making it the ninth-largest airline in North America by passengers carried. WestJet is a company with more than 10,000 employees, is non-unionized and is not part of any airline alliance. It operates three variants of the Boeing 737 Next Generation family, as well as Boeing 767 aircraft and its subsidiary WestJet Encore also operates the Bombardier Q400. The airlines headquarters is located adjacent to the Calgary International Airport, in 2015, WestJet had passenger revenues of CAN$4.029 billion and its earnings per share increased 19% to C$2.92. Its original routes were all located in Western Canada, which gave the airline its name, on February 29,1996, the first WestJet flight departed. Initially, the airline served Calgary, Edmonton, Kelowna, Vancouver, by the end of that same year, the company had added Regina, Saskatoon and Victoria to its network. In mid-September 1996, WestJets fleet was grounded due to a disagreement with Transport Canada over maintenance schedule requirements, the airline suspended all service for 2 weeks before resuming flights. In early 1999, Clive Beddoe stepped down as WestJets CEO and was replaced by former Air Ontario executive Steve Smith, in July 1999, WestJet made its initial public offering of stock at 2.5 million shares, opening at $10 per share. The same year, the cities of Thunder Bay, Grande Prairie, after Smiths departure, Clive Beddoe again became CEO of the company, a position he held until July 2007. Munro Hamilton International Airport to be the focus of its Eastern Canadian operations, in 2001, WestJets expansion continued with routes to Fort McMurray and Comox. Marie, Sudbury, Ontario, Thompson and Brandon, Manitoba, however, the service to Brandon, Manitoba and Sudbury, Ontario, is now being served by WestJet Encore. In 2002, the airline also added two new Eastern Canadian destinations, the Ontario cities of London and Toronto. In April 2003, WestJet added Windsor, Montreal, Halifax, St. Johns, WestJet entered into a two-year agreement with Air Transat in August 2003 whereby WestJet aircraft would be filled by Transats two main tour operators, World of Vacations and Transat Holidays. These chartered flights operated largely to destinations in Mexico and the Caribbean and this agreement between WestJet and Air Transat was amicably terminated in February,2009. In 2004, rival airline Air Canada accused WestJet of industrial espionage, Air Canada accused WestJet of accessing Air Canada confidential information via a private website in order to gain a business advantage. In 2004, a number of U. S. destinations were added or announced and these included San Francisco, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Tampa, Fort Lauderdale, Orlando and LaGuardia Airport in New York City
20.
Condor Flugdienst
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Condor Flugdienst GmbH, branded as Condor, is a German leisure airline based in Frankfurt. It operates scheduled flights to destinations in the Mediterranean, Asia, Africa, North America, South America. Condor is Germanys third largest commercial airline based on fleet size and it is headquartered at Gateway Gardens near Frankfurt Airport with an important branch office at Berlin Schönefeld Airport. The company was founded on 21 December 1955 as Deutsche Flugdienst GmbH, the initial fleet of three 36-passenger Vickers VC.1 Viking aircraft was based at Frankfurt Airport, the Lufthansa hub. Scheduled flight operations were launched on 29 March 1956 with a flight to Israel. Further destinations flown to during the first year were Majorca and Tenerife, in 1959, Lufthansa took over 95.5 percent of the stake, thus creating its first post-war subsidiary. In 1961, Deutsche Flugdienst took over its rival Condor-Luftreederei, subsequently changing its name to Condor Flugdienst GmbH, in 1962, Condor Flugdienst transported ca.32,000 passengers and had a market share of 63.3 percent in the German leisure air travel. In 1966, the business was launched, with flights to Thailand, Ceylon, Kenya. In 1971, Condor became the worlds first leisure airline to add the Boeing 747 to its fleet, in 1973, the airline generated a revenue of 291 million DM, surpassing all other leisure airlines worldwide. At that time, the Condor fleet consisted of two Boeing 747-200s, two 707s and ten 727s, during this period the Condor Individuell system was launched, allowing direct flight bookings by passengers without the need of a travel agency. In 1989, SunExpress was founded as a co-operation between Condor and Turkish Airlines, aiming at leisure traffic between Germany and Turkey, Condor added Boeing 757 and Boeing 767 jets to its fleet, operated from the production workshop of Südflug, a 100% subsidiary of Condor. In 1991, as the first leisure carrier, Condor introduced a separate, the Südflug subsidiary was integrated into Condor in autumn 1992. In 1995, Condor expanded its shareholdings, Alpha Holding GmbH, Kreutzer Touristik GmbH, Fischer Reisen GmbH and Öger Tours GmbH, with 10%, Condor also acquired Lufthansa’s 40% holding in the Turkish charter airline SunExpress, which was later increased to 50%. In 1996, commemorating the 40th birthday of the airline, US painter James Rizzi created a paint scheme which was applied to one of Condors Boeing 757s. With an order for 12 aircraft, the became the launch customer of the enlarged Boeing 757-300. In 1998, Condor Flugdienst GmbH was owned by C&N Touristic AG, in 1998, Condor Berlin GmbH was founded as a wholly owned subsidiary with headquarters at Berlin Tegel Airport. As with all other German airlines, Condor was not allowed to operate into West Berlin until 1990 and it used Airbus A320 aircraft, which had recently been added to the fleet, replacing the Boeing 737 short-haul airliners. In the early 2000s, the Berlin business was moved to Schönefeld Airport, from 2000 onwards, the Condor shares held by Lufthansa were gradually acquired by Thomas Cook
21.
Southwest Airlines
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Southwest Airlines Co. is a major U. S. airline, the worlds largest low-cost carrier, headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The airline was established in 1967 by Herb Kelleher and adopted its current name in 1971, the airline has more than 53,000 employees as of October 2016 and operates more than 3,900 departures a day during peak travel season. As of 2014, it carried the most domestic passengers of any U. S. airline, as of December 2016, Southwest Airlines had scheduled services to 101 destinations in the United States and eight additional countries. Service to both Grand Cayman and Cincinnati begins June 4,2017, Southwest Airlines has used only Boeing 737s, except for the period from 1979 to 1987 when it leased some Boeing 727-200s from Braniff International Airways. As of January 2016, Southwest is the largest operator of the Boeing 737 worldwide, with over 700 in service, in 1966 Southwest Airlines was founded by Rollin King and Herbert Kelleher, in 1967 it was incorporated as Air Southwest Company. It was not until 1971 that the airline began scheduled flights, the same year the organization adopted the name Southwest Airlines. The expansion of flights started in 1975, to cities throughout Texas, Service to the East and the Southeast started in the 1990s. The company has employed humor in its advertising, the airlines current slogan is Low fares. Instead of a lawsuit, the CEOs for both companies staged an arm wrestling match, a promotional video was created showing the CEOs training for the bout and distributed among the employees and as a video press release along with the video of the match itself. Herb Kelleher lost the match for Southwest, with Stevens Aviation winning the rights to the phrase, kurt Herwald, CEO of Stevens Aviation, immediately granted the use of Just Plane Smart to Southwest Airlines. The net result was both companies having use of the trademark, $15,000 going to charity and good publicity for both companies, Southwest Airlines is the official commercial airline of the Honor Flight Network. Honor Flights are dedicated to bringing aging and ailing veterans to visit the monuments in Washington. The Southwest Airlines headquarters is located on the grounds of Dallas Love Field in the Love Field neighborhood of Dallas, Texas, on September 17,2012, Southwest broke ground on a new Training and Operational Support building. The TOPS Building is across the street from its current headquarters building, the property includes a two-story,100, 000-square-foot operations building that can withstand an EF3 tornado. It also includes a four-story,392, 000-square-foot office and training facility with two levels devoted to each function, the new facilities house 24-hour coordination and maintenance operations, customer support and services, and training. The project was completed in late 2013, with occupancy beginning in 2014, as of December 31,2016, Southwest Airlines has more than 53,000 employees. Gary C. Kelly is Chairman and CEO of Southwest Airlines, Kelly replaced former CEO Jim Parker on July 15,2004 and assumed the title of President on July 15,2008, replacing former President Colleen Barrett. In July 2008, Herb Kelleher resigned his position as Chairman, Colleen Barrett left her post on the Board of Directors and as Corporate Secretary in May 2008 and as President in July 2008
22.
Thomas Cook Airlines
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Thomas Cook Airlines Limited, is a British airline based in Manchester, England. It serves leisure destinations worldwide from its bases at Manchester. It also operates services from eight other bases around the United Kingdom and it was formed by the rebranding of JMC Air in 2003. Following the merger of the MyTravel Group with Thomas Cook in 2008, the airline holds a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence, permitting it to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats. 1919 In the aftermath of the First World War, Thomas Cook & Son is the first travel agent to advertise public trips by airplane, the firm becomes a passenger agent for the principal air companies and is soon selling tickets for return flights from London to Paris or Brussels. 1927 Thomas Cook & Son organise the world’s first personally-conducted tour by aeroplane, a group of six people fly from New York to Chicago for the Tunney-Dempsey world heavyweight boxing contest. The price of the package – comprising return flights with inflight meal, first-class accommodation in Chicago,1939 Holidays by air on specially-chartered aircraft to the French Riviera are included in Thomas Cook’s summer brochure for the first time. 1996 Thomas Cook acquires its first airline, Airworld, when it purchases UK tour operator Sunworld,1998 The Flying Colours Leisure Group is acquired by Airworld parent Sunworld in June 1998. The two airlines merge at the end of the 1998 summer season under the Flying Colours name,1999 JMC Airlines is launched on 1 September 1999 through the merger of Flying Colours and Caledonian Airways. 2013 Thomas Cook has set out plans to merge its German, British and Belgian airline businesses, the original Thomas Cook Airlines was established on 1 September 1999 and started operations on 27 March 2000. Flying Colours was also integrated by Airworld Aviation Ltd into the airline, JMC Airlines was renamed as Thomas Cook Airlines UK on 31 March 2003. The airline commenced operations in time for the summer 2008 season, with a fleet of Airbus A320, A321, in 2013, Thomas Cook Airlines, Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium, Thomas Cook Airlines Scandinavia and Condor merged into a single operating segment of the Thomas Cook Group. Thomas Cook Airlines carried around 6.4 million passengers during 2015, Thomas Cook Airlines operates flights to destinations in Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, North America and Asia. The airline also operates charter flights from the United Kingdom for a number of tour operators, however. The airline also provides direct customer bookings on a seat only basis, as of February 2017, the Thomas Cook Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft, Drinks and snacks can be purchased on board from the Café Cloud menu. In-flight meals, champagne and a selection of gifts can be pre-ordered at the time of booking a flight or on the My Booking page of the airlines website, since May 2012, the in-flight meals available on Thomas Cook flights are designed exclusively by celebrity chef James Martin. Passengers who have not pre-ordered a meal can buy a selection of meals from the cabin crew, in-flight entertainment is available on most services. The new delivery of A321 aircraft will feature drop down entertainment systems with a potential for onboard wi-fi capabilities
23.
Virgin Atlantic
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Virgin Atlantic, a trade name of Virgin Atlantic Airways Limited and Virgin Atlantic International Limited, is a British airline with its head office in Crawley, United Kingdom. The airline was established in 1984 as British Atlantic Airways, and was planned by its co-founders Randolph Fields. Soon after changing the name to Virgin Atlantic Airways, Fields sold his shares in the company after disagreements with Sir Richard Branson over the management of the company, the maiden flight from London Gatwick to Newark Liberty International Airport took place on 22 June 1984. The airline along with Virgin Holidays is controlled by a company, Virgin Atlantic Limited. It is administratively separate from other Virgin-branded airlines, the airline also operates flights from Glasgow and seasonal flights from Belfast. Virgin Atlantic aircrafts consist of 3 cabins, Economy, Premium Economy, in 2012, Virgin Atlantic carried 5.4 million passengers, making it the seventh-largest UK airline in terms of passenger volume. In the year to 31 December 2013, it reported a £51 million group pre-tax loss, however, Randolph Fields, an American-born lawyer, and Alan Hellary, a former chief pilot for Laker Airways, set up British Atlantic Airways as a successor to Laker Airways. Fields had the idea for an airline operates between London and the Falkland Islands in June 1982, when the Falklands War had just finished. Fields needed expertise, and contacted Alan Hellary, who had also been thinking about establishing a commercial service to the Falklands. Hellary was in contact with colleagues out of following the collapse of Laker Airways. However, the runway at Port Stanley Airport and the time it would take to improve it made the scheme unviable. Instead, Hellary and Fields tried to secure a licence from Gatwick Airport to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, a three-day inquiry in May 1983 rejected the application after British Airways, British Caledonian, and BAA objected. Hellary and Fields then applied for a licence between Gatwick and Newark, using a 380-seat McDonnell Douglas DC-10, however, faced with the prospect of direct competition from People Express, a post-deregulation no frills discount airline at Newark, they decided to secure more funding before proceeding. Fields met Richard Branson at a party in London during which he proposed a business partnership, after protracted and testy negotiations, Fields agreed to a reduced stake of 25% in the airline and became its first chairman. Following disagreements over operations, Fields agreed to be out for an initial sum of £1 million with further payment on Virgins first dividend. As a result of a High Court action, this payment was received shortly before Fields death in 1997. Part of Richard Bransons approach to business is to succeed within the first year or exit the market and this includes a one-year limit on everything associated with starting up. Virgin Atlantic became profitable within the first 12 months, aided by sister company Virgin Records ability to finance the lease of a secondhand Boeing 747, the firm timed operations to take advantage of a full summer, from June to September, the most profitable period of the year
24.
Air Europa
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Air Europa Líneas Aéreas, S. A. U. is an airline in Spain, the third largest after Iberia and Vueling. The airline is headquartered in the Polígono Son Noguera in the Centro Empresarial Globalia in Llucmajor, Majorca, the airline is 100% owned by Globalia, a travel and tourism company managed by Juan José Hidalgo. Since September 2007 the airline has been a member of the SkyTeam alliance, Air Europa started in 1986 as part of the British ILG-Air Europe Group and 75% owned by Spanish banks. It originally had a livery to Air Europe but with Air Europa titles. It flew holiday charters from Mediterranean resorts and European cities using Boeing 737-300s and it was the first Spanish private company to operate national scheduled flights. When parent company ILG ceased trading in 1991 Air Europa continued profitably with a fleet of Boeing 737s and 757s. It signed a agreement with Iberia in January 1998. It is now owned by Globalia Corporación Empresarial S. A, at the end of the 1990s Boeing 737-800 jets were introduced along with a new livery. In June 2005 it was announced Air Europa was among four future members of the SkyTeam alliance. However, the date was postponed, and it did not become a member until 1 September 2007. Air Europa was the parent company for Air Dominicana, the new flag carrier of the Dominican Republic, Air Europa retired its last Boeing 767 on 13 April 2012. Air Europa operates tour services between northern and western Europe and holiday resorts in the Canary Islands and Balearic Islands and it also operates domestic scheduled services and long-haul scheduled services to North America and South America. Its main base is Palma de Mallorca Airport, Palma de Mallorca, during the last ten years, scheduled flights have increased their share of operations
25.
Frontier Airlines
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Frontier Airlines is an American ultra low cost carrier headquartered in Denver, Colorado. The carrier, which is a subsidiary and operating brand of Indigo Partners, LLC, the airline maintains a hub at Denver International Airport with numerous focus cities across the United States. Also, under an agreement with Great Lakes Airlines, the airline connects passengers to surrounding Rocky Mountain States through their Denver hub. Scheduled flights began five months later in July 1994 utilizing Boeing 737-200 jetliners on routes between Denver and four destinations in North Dakota, Bismarck, Minot, Fargo and Grand Forks. In 1999, Frontier signed agreements to begin purchasing and leasing Airbus A318, paul, New York City, Orlando, Portland, OR, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco, and Seattle, all served from its Denver hub. Frontier took delivery of its first Airbus aircraft in 2001 and simultaneously launched with it DirecTV in-flight television along with a new company livery, Frontier Airlines was the launch customer of the Airbus A318 in 2003. In mid-April 2005, Frontier officially became a fleet, retiring its last Boeing 737. As part of its plan to stay competitive in reaction to the entry of Southwest Airlines into Denver, on April 3,2006, Frontier created Frontier Airlines Holdings, a holding company incorporated in Delaware to take advantage of favorable tax laws in that state. The corporate headquarters did not leave Colorado, on January 11,2007, Frontier Airlines signed an 11-year service agreement with Republic Airlines. Under the agreement, Republic was to operate 17, 76-seat Embraer 170 aircraft for the former Frontier JetExpress operations. At the time the contract was canceled in April 2008, Republic Airlines operated 11 aircraft for Frontier Airlines, with the integration of Republic aircraft, the JetExpress denotation was removed. Subsequent to the cessation of Horizons services for Frontier in December 2007, all operated by Republic were sold and marketed as Frontier Airlines. The first market created specifically for the Embraer 170 was Louisville, Kentucky, service to Louisville was suspended in August 2008 but restarted in April 2010. On January 24,2007, Frontier was designated as a carrier by the United States Department of Transportation. Flights operated by Republic Airlines offered in-flight snack and beverage services similar to Frontiers mainline flights, unlike Frontiers aircraft and due to the nature of contracting with regional carriers, these Embraer 170 aircraft were not fitted with LiveTV. On April 10,2008, Frontier filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in reaction to the intent of its credit card processor, First Data, First Data decided that it would withhold 100% of the carriers proceeds from ticket sales beginning May 1. According to Frontiers press release, This change in practice would have represented a change to our cash forecasts. Unchecked, it would have put severe restraints on Frontiers liquidity and its operation continued uninterrupted, though, as Chapter 11 bankruptcy protected the corporations assets and allowed restructuring to ensure long-term viability
26.
Sun Country Airlines
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Sun Country Airlines is an American airline headquartered in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul suburb of Eagan, Minnesota and based at nearby Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport. The airlines main focus is flying Minnesotans to warmer destinations during the months, such as Florida. In the summer months, the airline flies passengers between Minneapolis and the east and west coast in the U. S and it operates scheduled and charter flights to destinations in the United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean as well as ad-hoc charters. Sun Country began flight operations in January 1983 with a single Boeing 727-200 jetliner, the airlines original staff consisted of sixteen pilots, sixteen flight attendants, three mechanics and one office person. A number of the employees had previously worked for Braniff International Airways which had ceased all operations during the early 1980s. The companys founder and first President/CEO was Captain Jim Olsen, who acted as Chief Pilot. His wife, Joan Smith-Olsen, acted as Chief Flight Attendant, Jim Olsen retired from Sun Country in 2007. Slow and deliberate expansion through the 1980s created steady profits for the company, in 1986 the company placed into service its first wide-body aircraft, a 380-seat McDonnell Douglas DC-10-40 leased from future competitor Northwest Airlines. In 1988 its headquarters were located on the grounds of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport, Sun Country also provided ad-hoc charter lift to civic organizations, corporations, sports teams and virtually any other group that wanted to charter an aircraft. In 1989 Sun Country became a member of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet, for their efforts in supporting the operation,130 of the companys employees were recognized by the United States Air Force. After earning record profits of $9.7 million for the year ending June 30,1991. Additional tour operators chose Sun Country as their air carrier and an emphasis was placed on flying from the Midwest to Las Vegas, Florida, Mexico and the Caribbean. In the mid 1990s, Mark Travel Group, led by Bill LaMacchia, Jr. acquired Sun Country, much of the 1990s were a tough period for the airline, as an aging and over-worked fleet coupled with record demand stretched the airline to its limits. New management began an aircraft refurbishing program designed at improving the experience of Sun Countrys passengers, as the DC-10 aircraft aged and required expensive maintenance, the airline gradually reduced the fleet, ultimately retiring the final DC-10 in early 2001. As major airlines became more sophisticated in managing their seat inventories, in June 1999 the management of Sun Country launched a major transformation from a charter carrier into a scheduled airline. New service from Minneapolis and Milwaukee began to destinations around the nation, including Los Angeles, Seattle, Detroit, Washington, D. C. the airline also started a frequent flyer program, Smile Awards, which offered frequent travelers free flights, among other benefits. In 2001, Sun Country began to replace its fleet with new Boeing 737 next-generation aircraft. As Sun Country reinvented itself, heavy competition from local incumbent carrier Northwest Airlines, contrary to its tradition of financial success and profitability, the airline was losing large amounts of money by the summer of 2001
27.
Ministro Pistarini International Airport
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It is the countrys largest international airport by number of passengers handled—85% of international traffic—and is a hub for international flights of Aerolíneas Argentinas and LATAM Argentina. Aerolineas Argentinas and its subsidiary Austral Lineas Aereas do operate limited domestic or cabotaje air service from Pistarini Airport as well, covering 3,475 hectares, the airport serves Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area. It has been operated by Aeropuertos Argentina 2000 S. A. since 1998, Ministro Pistarini Airport was voted 2007 best airport in the region following a survey carried out by Skytrax. It dropped to place in 2010, behind Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport. The airport was named after the general and politician Juan Pistarini and he, as Minister of Public Works, placed the cornerstone of the project on 22 December 1945. It was designed and erected by Argentine technicians, Its construction was one of the projects in the five-year plan of the first presidency of Juan Perón. When it opened, it was the third-largest airport in the world, the first civil flight from the then new London Heathrow Airport, a BSAA Avro Lancastrian, flew to Ministro Pistarini International Airport in 1946. A1949 diagram shows three runways crossing at 60-degree angles,9,353 ft runway 10/28,7,220 ft 4/22 and 6,892 ft 16/34, in 1997, RWY 05/23 was closed and it is now used for parking large aircraft. The Ezeiza massacre took place near the airport in 1973, the airport is about 22 km from Buenos Aires city. Road access is by the Riccheri Highway, Public transport buses to various destinations are also available. Until December 2012 the tax was collected, in Argentine pesos or US dollars, at the airport, since then, in October 2012 Ezeiza Airport recorded the highest annual traffic growth of all the airports operated by Aeropuertos Argentina 2000. Overall,2012 traffic figures for the airport indicated a 7. 3% increase over the previous year, figures for July 2013 showed that the airport handled 688,397 passengers, an 8. 9% decrease over the previous year. Terminal C was inaugurated in July 2011, as of December 2011, its facilities were in use by Aerolíneas Argentinas, Air France, more SkyTeam members were expected to move their operations to the terminal. In March 2013 terminal B, with an area of 28,795 square metres, was inaugurated, for use by Aerolíneas Argentinas, qantas withdrew its service to the airport in favour of Santiago de Chile in March 2012, flights to Ezeiza Airport had begun in November 2008. This followed Malaysia Airlines termination of its Boeing 747-served Kuala Lumpur–Cape Town–Buenos Aires route in early 2012 to cut costs, south African Airways discontinued its Johannesburg–Buenos Aires service in March 2014. In June 2010, Qatar Airways launched direct flights between the airport and Doha, after a ten-year gap, KLM resumed operations at the airport in October 2011. Emirates launched services to the airport in January 2012, and Turkish Airlines extended its Istanbul–São Paulo service to end at Ezeiza in December the same year, Air New Zealand started non-stop flights between the airport and Auckland in December 2015. As of August 2011, Aviation Safety Network records 30 accidents/incidents for aircraft that departed from the airport or had it as a destination, the list below provides a summary of only fatal events that took place at or in the vicinity of the airport
28.
Monterrey International Airport
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Monterrey International Airport, ceremonial name General Mariano Escobedo International Airport, is an international airport located in Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico. Together with Del Norte International Airport, the airport handles domestic and international operations for the city of Monterrey, there are almost 300 daily flights to more than 35 destinations in Mexico and the United States. It is the fourth busiest airport and is the busiest in northern Mexico. Only Mexico City, Cancún and Guadalajara serve more passengers per year than Monterrey International Airport, the airport serves as a hub for Aeroméxico/Aeroméxico Connect, Magnicharters, VivaAerobus, and Volaris and a focus city for Interjet. Airport terminals were renovated and expanded in 2003 and 2007 and its also one of the fastest growing airports in Mexico, in 2016, the airport handled 9,178,533 passengers, a 70% increase in 6 years. The Satellite building, is divided into two concourses, North Concourse for domestic flights, while South Concourse comprises all the flights that operate into the airport. Several flights are delayed day by day due to the lack of contact and even remote positions. Nevertheless, Terminal C and Terminal B work as a system for this terminal. There are future plans to remodel and expand the Satellite building, adding at least 4 new jetways and 3 remote positions, Terminal B, considered as the second most modern air facility in the country, it was opened on September 2010. The terminal comprise 8 gates,6 of which are equipped with jetways and 2 apron-doors which might be used by Aeroméxicos feeder airline Aeroméxico Connect, the terminal house all operations of the Sky Team member airlines, similar to Terminal 2 in Mexico City International Airport. The airport terminal is able to handle up to 2 million passengers per year, Terminal C, inaugurated on November 30,2006, houses the operations from low cost carrier serving the airport, VivaAerobus. This terminal works completely independent to Terminal A, opposite to Terminal B functionality, Air Cargo Terminal, recently launched the Air Cargo Terminal, which has 6 hectares for operations. Courier companies operating nationally and abroad, notably FedEx, DHL, UPS, Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte, the airport company operating this airport, has its headquarters in the air cargo zone. The airport resides at an elevation of 1280 feet above sea level. It has one runway designated 11/29 with a surface measuring 3,000 by 45 metres. A second runway which is used is designated 16/34 and also has an asphalt surface with a stretch of 1,801 by 30 metres. The main runway, 11/29, has an ILS approach system and has its own VHF omnidirectional radio range and it is also capable of handling aircraft such as the Boeing 747-400, but due to the lack of remote positions, this airport is mainly used by smaller aircraft. Aeromexico stated that the flight will last while Tijuana International Airport, Monterrey was selected due to its importance to the countrys economy and for being a popular business destination
29.
Air Canada
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Air Canada is the flag carrier and largest airline of Canada. The airline, founded in 1937, provides scheduled and charter air transport for passengers and it is the worlds eighth-largest passenger airline by fleet size, and is a founding member of the Star Alliance. Air Canadas corporate headquarters are located in Montréal, Quebec, while its largest hub is at Toronto Pearson International Airport, Air Canada had passenger revenues of CA$13.8 billion in 2015. The airlines regional service is Air Canada Express, Canadas national airline originated from the Canadian federal governments 1936 creation of Trans-Canada Airlines, which began operating their first transcontinental flight routes in 1938. In 1965, TCA was renamed Air Canada following government approval, after the deregulation of the Canadian airline market in the 1980s, the airline was privatized in 1988. On 4 January 2000, Air Canada acquired their largest rival, in 2003, the airline filed for bankruptcy protection and in the following year emerged and reorganized under the holding company ACE Aviation Holdings Inc. In 2007,34 million people flew with Air Canada as the celebrated their 70th anniversary. The carriers operating divisions include Air Canada Cargo, Air Canada Express and their subsidiary, Air Canada Vacations, provides vacation packages to over 90 destinations. Together with their partners, the airline operates on average more than 1,530 scheduled flights daily. Air Canadas predecessor, Trans-Canada Airlines, was created by legislation as a subsidiary of Canadian National Railway on 11 April 1937. The newly created Department of Transport under Minister C. D, howe desired an airline under government control to link cities on the Atlantic coast to those on the Pacific coast. Transcontinental routes from Montreal to Vancouver began on 1 April 1939, using 12 Lockheed Model 14 Super Electras, by January 1940, the airline had grown to about 500 employees. Canadian Pacific Airlines suggested in 1942 a merger with TCA, prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King rejected the proposal and introduced legislation regulating TCA as the only airline in Canada allowed to provide transcontinental flights. With the increase in air travel after World War II, CP Air was granted one coast-to-coast flight, with the development of the ReserVec in 1953, TCA became the first airline in the world to use a computer reservation system with remote terminals. This bill failed but it was resubmitted and passed, with the name change taking effect on 1 January 1965. During the 1970s government regulations ensured Air Canadas dominance over domestic regional carriers, short-haul carriers were each restricted to one of five regions, and could not compete directly with Air Canada and CP Air. CP Air was subject to capacity limits on flights. Air Canadas fares were also subject to regulation by the government, in the late 1970s, with reorganization at CNR, Air Canada became an independent Crown corporation
30.
Calgary International Airport
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The airport offers scheduled non-stop flights to major cities in Canada, the United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, Europe and East Asia. YYC Calgary International Airport serves as headquarters for WestJet and as a hub airport for Air Canada, the airport is one of eight Canadian airports with US Border Preclearance facilities. The airport is operated by The Calgary Airport Authority as part of Transport Canadas National Airports System and it is Canadas fourth busiest airport by passenger traffic and 3rd by aircraft movements, handling 15,680,616 passengers in 2016 and 250,953 movements in 2014. In October 2008, The Calgary Airport Authority was named one of Albertas Top Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc, YYC has both the longest runway and the tallest free-standing control tower in Canada. The airport underwent an expansion project with its new International Facilities Project. The airport opened in 1938 as McCall Field, named in honour of World War I ace and it is actually Calgarys third airport. The original facility was an airstrip in the then-town of Bowness. In 1928, it was replaced with Calgary Municipal Airport, in the Renfrew area, in 1940, McCall Field was taken over by the Department of Transport, and not returned to the city until 1949. A new terminal opened in 1956, but quickly became obsolete with the dawn of the jet age, the city did not have nearly enough funding for the necessary upgrades, and sold it to Transport Canada in 1966, who renamed it Calgary International Airport. This led to a media firestorm and a second petition to not change the name. In October 2016, days prior to opening the new international terminal and we are very pleased that this brand has been formally incorporated into our official airport name. ”The airport is divided into two terminals. The Domestic Terminal consists of concourses A, B, and C, the International Terminal opened on October 31,2016, and handles all International and USA-bound flights. It consists of Concourses D and E, all concourses are connected behind security by a connections corridor, consisting of walkways, moving sidewalks, and a fleet of electric shuttles called YYC Link. Domestic Terminal The domestic terminal consists of Concourses A, B, and C and this was the airports only terminal before the new International Terminal opened on October 31,2016. The terminal was designed by Stevenson, Raines, Barret, Hutton, Seton and Partners, Gates 1 to 24 are located on this concourse, most of which are used primarily by WestJet. Gates 1 to 6 comprise regional operations for WestJet Encore, there are five security lanes dedicated to Concourse A flights. The A concourse contains the Swissport Calgary Chinook lounge, Concourse A used to handle international flights, but it no longer does as of October 31,2016 with the opening of the new International Terminal. Gates 21 to 40 are swing gates, Gates 21 to 24 will swing between Concourse A and B
31.
Halifax Stanfield International Airport
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Halifax/Robert L. Stanfield International Airport, or Halifax Stanfield International Airport is a Canadian airport located in Enfield, Nova Scotia, a community within Halifax, Nova Scotia. It serves Halifax, mainland Nova Scotia and adjacent areas in the neighbouring Maritime provinces, the airport is named in honour of Robert Stanfield, the 17th Premier of Nova Scotia and leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. The airport, owned by Transport Canada since it was constructed and it is the 8th busiest airport in Canada by passenger traffic. The airport handled a total of 3,702,705 passengers and 78,324 aircraft movements in 2015 and it is a hub for Air Canada Express, Cougar Helicopters, Maritime Air Charter, Provincial Airlines, and SkyLink Express. Today Saunders Park, named after the first Halifax airport manager, RCAF Station Shearwater functioned as Halifaxs primary airport until June 1960, when the current airport was opened. The Kelly Lake site was chosen in 1954 after a search for suitable location. The land was purchased by the City of Halifax while the federal Department of Transport constructed the airport, a key factor was to find a site near Halifax with a minimal number of days per year when fog would affect airport operation. The origin of the myth may come from commuters, who may experience very localized fog near the airport during their drive along Highway 102. To honour the people of Gander and Halifax for their support during the operation and that airplane is listed with the registration D-AIFC, and is the first aircraft of the whole fleet with a city name outside of Germany. Halifax Airport fared well in the 2005 AETRA survey for passenger satisfaction, produced by the International Air Transport Association, in March 2007, Halifax Airport earned two first-place finishes in the 2006 Airports Council International Service Quality Awards held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. For the fourth year, it ranked first in overall passenger satisfaction for airports worldwide with under five million passengers. In addition, the ranked first in the Americas in the new category of Airport People Awards. In early 2010, Halifax Stanfield was rated by passengers as the Best Airport in the World in its class for the year in a row. The passenger terminal building was opened in September 1960 and it serves over 3.5 million passengers per year. The growth experienced in the decades since the construction has necessitated constant renovations. Since 1998, the airport has been undergoing a renovation program. The latest phase was announced in September 2004, the project was expected to cost over $250 million. In December 2004, U. S. Customs and Border Protection approved Halifax Airport for United States border preclearance and it took effect in late 2006
32.
Vancouver International Airport
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Vancouver International Airport is located on Sea Island in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada, about 12 km from Downtown Vancouver. It is the second busiest airport in Canada by aircraft movements and passengers and it has non-stop flights daily to Asia, Europe, Oceania, the United States, Mexico and other airports within Canada. The airport has won several notable international best airport awards, it won the Skytrax Best North American Airport award in 2007 and 2010 through 2016. The airport also made the list of top 10 airports in the world for the first time in 2012, rated at 9th, 8th and it is the only North American airport included in the top 10 for 2013 and 2014. YVR also retains the distinction of Best Canadian Airport in the regional results and it is a hub for Air Canada and WestJet. It is also a base for Air Transat. Vancouver International Airport is one of eight Canadian airports that have US Border Preclearance facilities and it is also one of the few major international airports to have a terminal for scheduled floatplanes. In 1929 the city of Vancouver purchased land on Sea Island for aviation purposes, the airport was a base for Royal Canadian Air Force training. The crews and their families were housed in a new townsite on the island, funds from the lease were used to purchase additional land for new hangars and a production plant for Boeing Aircraft of Canada. The present main terminal was completed in 1968 and has since expanded to include separate domestic. A north runway was completed in 1996, in 2011 the airport announced that it will enact a program aiming to encourage airlines to start more flights between Vancouver and Asia. It has more flights than any other airport in Canada. Vancouver International Airport has two terminals, the Main Terminal and the South Terminal, free Wi-Fi is available in all sections of the airport. The Main Terminal is divided in two sections, the Domestic Terminal and the International Terminal, the majority of flights operate at the Main Terminal. The Domestic Terminal was constructed in 1968 by the Vancouver-based firm Thompson, Berwick and Pratt, the Domestic terminal consists of three concourses. Concourse A consists of six gates, A6 through A10. These gates are used by WestJet Encore, a new permanent ground-loading concourse is planned to start construction in 2016. Concourse B comprises gates B12 through B23 and B26 through B28, gates B14 to B17 have provisions allowing international arrivals in the future
33.
Air Canada Rouge
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Air Canada Rouge, stylized Air Canada rouge, is the vacation and leisure airline subsidiary of Air Canada. Air Canada Rouge is fully integrated into the Air Canada mainline and Air Canada Express networks, the airline was launched in December 2012 and began services on July 1,2013 as part of the Air Canada Leisure Group. At the time of the launch it had a fleet of four aircraft,2 Airbus A319s and 2 Boeing 767s and its fleet expanded to 28 aircraft within 18 months and was expected to reach 16 Boeing 767s,20 Airbus A319s and 5 Airbus A321s by mid-2016. By early September 2016, the airline had expanded its Boeing 767 fleet to 19 aircraft, a seasonal service from Vancouver to Osaka/Kansai started in May 2015. Air Canada Rouge serves predominantly leisure destinations in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, South America, Central America, Mexico and the United States. Destinations in the Caribbean include Cuba, Jamaica, Curaçao, Haiti, the Bahamas, Grenada, Barbados, St. Maarten, destinations in Africa include Algiers and Casablanca. In December 2015 new routes were announced including Toronto to Miami, Fort Myers, Charlottetown, montreal to Miami will now be year round and Vancouver to San Diego and Mexico City and Calgary to Phoenix, which will now be year-round. The Air Canada Rouge fleet consists of the following registered aircraft, the Air Canada Rouge Airbus A319 has 16 more seats than a regular Air Canada Airbus A319 with 136 seats, the first four rows being for Rouge Plus and Premium Rouge passengers. The Air Canada Rouge Boeing 767-300ER carries 71 more passengers than most regular Air Canada Boeing 767-300ER aircraft, of these 223 are economy,35 Rouge Plus and 24 Premium Rouge. The 29-inch seat pitch is one of the smallest in North America, laptop use requires the Flash plug-in. IPads are available for rental to Economy Class passengers for a cost of $10 and are complimentary for Premium Rouge customers, the rental iPads are loaded with additional premium content on the Player Plus app. Baggage policy is the same as Air Canadas, and catering is complimentary on flights to/from Europe and Asia, Premium Rouge food and beverages are complimentary. Air Canadas mainline economy class fare services as well as full-fare, media related to Air Canada Rouge at Wikimedia Commons Official website
34.
Toronto Pearson International Airport
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The airport is named in honour of Toronto-born Lester B. Pearson, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and 14th Prime Minister of Canada, Pearson Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Canada. Pearson handles more international passengers than any airport in North America other than John F. Kennedy International Airport, Pearson is the main hub for Air Canada. It is also a hub for passenger airline WestJet and cargo airline FedEx Express, Pearson Airport is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority as part of Transport Canadas National Airports System. In 1952, the became the first in the world to provide facilities for United States border preclearance. An extensive network of domestic flights is operated from Pearson by several airlines to all major. As of 2017, over 75 airlines operate around 1,100 daily departures from Toronto Pearson to more than 180 destinations across all six of the inhabited continents. In 1937, the Government of Canada agreed to support the building of two airports for Toronto, one site was downtown, todays Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport. The other was to be outside the city, as a backup for the downtown field, a site near the town of Malton, northwest of Toronto, was chosen and the Toronto Harbour Commission purchased and acquired several farms to provide the land for the airfield. The first scheduled flight for the new Malton Airport was a Trans-Canada Air Lines DC-3 that landed on August 29,1939. During World War II, the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan operated No.1 Elementary Service Flying School, in 1958, the City of Toronto sold the Malton Airport to Transport Canada, who subsequently changed the name of the facility to Toronto International Airport. The airport was officially renamed Lester B. Pearson International Airport in 1984, Pearson, the fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada and recipient of the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize. The Greater Toronto Airports Authority assumed management, operation, and control of the airport in 1996, Toronto Pearson International Airport has two active terminals, Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. A third terminal, the Infield Terminal, is not used for regular operations at Pearson. Measuring over 567,000 square metres, Terminal 1 is the largest terminal at Pearson Airport and is among the largest buildings in the world by floor space, Air Canada and all other Star Alliance airlines that serve Toronto Pearson operate out of Terminal 1. The terminal is used by non-alliance airline Emirates. Terminal 1 was designed by a joint venture known as Airports Architects Canada, comprising Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, Adamson Associates Architects and Moshe Safdie and Associates. It contains 58 gates, D1, D3, D5, D7-D12, D20, D22, D24, D26, D28, D31–D45, D51, D53, D55, D57, F60–F63, F64A–F64B, F65, F66A–F66B, F/E67–F/E81, F91, and F93
11.1%
1.4%
Mexico City, Distrito Federal
Monterrey, Nuevo León
Houston (airports George Bush & Hobby),[Notes 1] Texas, United States
Guadalajara, Jalisco
Toronto–Pearson, Ontario, Canada
Panama City, Panama
London, United Kingdom
Bogotá, Colombia
Havana, Cuba
Madrid, Spain
Lima, Peru
Ciudad Veracruz, Veracruz
León, Guanajuato
Puebla, Puebla
San José, Costa Rica
Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Toluca, Distrito Federal
Ciudad Querétaro, Querétaro
Villahermosa, Tabasco
Brussels, Belgium
Media related to Cancun Airport at Wikimedia Commons