The Canton System served as a means for Qing China to control trade with the West within its own country by focusing all trade on the southern port of Canton. The protectionist policy arose in 1757 as
Canton factories c. 1850
Scene in China (1852, p. Vignette)
Canton circa 1830 painted by Sunqua. The French, American, British, and Dutch flags can be seen flying.
The Old China Trade was the early commerce between the Qing Empire and the United States under the Canton System, spanning from shortly after the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 to the T
The Thirteen Factories, the area of Guangzhou to which China's Western trade was restricted from 1757 to 1842
The gardens of the American factory at Guangzhou c. 1845
Port of Salem, Massachusetts, 1770s
John N. A. Griswold House, built-in 1864 for an American China trade merchant in Newport, Rhode Island