1.
Romanization
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Romanization, in linguistics, is the conversion of writing from a different writing system to the Roman script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word, There are many consistent or standardized romanization systems. They can be classified by their characteristics, source, or donor language – A system may be tailored to romanize text from a particular language, or a series of languages, or for any language in a particular writing system. A language-specific system typically preserves language features like pronunciation, while the one may be better for cataloguing international texts. Target, or receiver language – Most systems are intended for an audience that speaks or reads a particular language and this affects the ease of creation, digital storage and transmission, reproduction, and reading of the romanized text. Reversibility – Whether or not the original can be restored from the converted text, some reversible systems allow for an irreversible simplified version. Most romanizations are intended to enable the reader who is unfamiliar with the original script to pronounce the source language reasonably accurately. Such romanizations follow the principle of phonemic transcription and attempt to render the significant sounds of the original as faithfully as possible in the target language, the popular Hepburn romanization of Japanese is an example of a transcriptive romanization designed for English speakers. The International Phonetic Alphabet is the most common system of phonetic transcription, for most language pairs, building a usable romanization involves tradeoffs between the two extremes. In modern times the chain of transcription is usually spoken foreign language, written language, written native language. Reducing the number of processes, i. e. removing one or both steps of writing, usually leads to more accurate oral articulations. In general, outside a limited audience of scholars romanizations tend to lean more towards transcription, Romanization standards include the following, Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, Adopted by the International Convention of Orientalist Scholars in Rome. It is the basis for the very influential Hans Wehr dictionary, qalam, A system that focuses upon preserving the spelling, rather than the pronunciation, and uses mixed case ISO 233-2, Simplified transliteration. Buckwalter transliteration, Developed at Xerox by Tim Buckwalter, doesnt require unusual diacritics ALA-LC Arabic chat alphabet There are romanization systems for both Modern and Ancient Greek. ALA-LC Beta Code Greeklish ISO843 The Hebrew alphabet is romanized using several standards, ANSI Z39.25 UNGEGN ISO259, ALA-LC The Brahmic family of abugidas is used for languages of the Indian subcontinent and south-east Asia. There is a tradition in the west to study Sanskrit. Various transliteration conventions have been used for Indic scripts since the time of Sir William Jones, ISO15919, A standard transliteration convention was codified in the ISO15919 standard. It uses diacritics to map the much larger set of Brahmic consonants, see also Transliteration of Indic scripts, how to use ISO15919
2.
Kabushiki gaisha
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A kabushiki gaisha or kabushiki kaisha, commonly abbreviated KK, is a type of company defined under the Companies Act of Japan. Often translated as stock company, joint-stock company, or stock corporation, in English, kabushiki kaisha is usually used while the original Japanese pronunciation is kabushiki gaisha due to rendaku. A kabushiki kaisha must include 株式会社 in its name, in a company name, 株式会社 can be used as a prefix or as a suffix. Many Japanese companies translate the phrase 株式会社 in their name as Co. Ltd. while others use the more Americanized translations Corporation or Incorporated. English texts often refer to kabushiki gaisha as joint stock companies, while this is close to a translation of the term. The Japanese government previously endorsed business corporation as an official translation, the first kabushiki gaisha was the First National Bank of Japan, incorporated in 1873. Rules regarding kabushiki gaisha were set out in the Commercial Code of Japan, over time, Japanese and U. S. corporate law diverged, and K. K. assumed many characteristics not found in U. S. corporations. For instance, a K. K. could not buy back its own stock, issue stock for a price of less than ¥50,000 per share, or operate with paid-in capital of less than ¥10 million. On June 29,2005, the Diet of Japan passed a new Companies Act, the new law greatly affected the formation and function of K. K. s and other Japanese business organizations, bringing them closer to their contemporary counterparts in the U. S. Prominent examples are the renaming of Nikon KK and Sony KK to Nikon Corporation and Sony Corporation, a kabushiki gaisha may be started with capital as low as ¥1, making the total cost of a K. K. incorporation approximately ¥240,000 in taxes and notarization fees. Under the old Commercial Code, a K. K, although seven incorporators were required as recently as the 1980s, a K. K. now only needs one incorporator, which may be an individual or a corporation. If there are multiple incorporators, they must sign an agreement before incorporating the company. K. to act beyond its purposes. Judicial or administrative scriveners are often hired to draft the purposes of a new company, the Corporation Code allows a K. K. The articles must be sealed by the incorporator and notarized by a notary public, in a direct incorporation, each incorporator receives a specified amount of stock as designated in the articles of incorporation. The other method is an incorporation by offering, in which each incorporator becomes the underwriter of a number of shares. As in a direct incorporation, the incorporators must then hold a meeting to appoint the initial directors. Any person wishing to receive shares must submit an application to the incorporator, capital must be received in a commercial bank account designated by the incorporator, and the bank must provide certification that payment has been made. Once the capital has received and certified, the incorporation may be registered at the Legal Affairs Bureau
3.
Ticker symbol
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A ticker symbol or stock symbol is an abbreviation used to uniquely identify publicly traded shares of a particular stock on a particular stock market. A stock symbol may consist of letters, numbers or a combination of both, ticker symbol refers to the symbols that were printed on the ticker tape of a ticker tape machine. Stock symbols are unique identifiers assigned to each security traded on a particular market, for example, AAPL is for Apple Inc. OODH is for Orion DHC, Inc. and HD is for Home Depot, a stock symbol can consist of letters, numbers, or a combination of both, and is a way to uniquely identify that stock. The symbols were kept as short as possible to reduce the number of characters that had to be printed on the ticker tape, the allocation of symbols and formatting convention is specific to each stock exchange. In the US, for example, stock tickers are typically between 1 and 4 letters and represent the name where possible. In Europe, most exchanges use three-letter codes, for example Dutch consumer goods company Unilever traded on the Amsterdam Euronext exchange has the symbol UNA, while in Asia, numbers are often used as stock tickers to avoid issues for international investors when using non-Latin scripts. For example, the bank HSBCs stock traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange has the ticker symbol 0005, symbols sometimes change to reflect mergers. Prior to the 1999 merger with Mobil Oil, Exxon used a spelling of the company XON as its ticker symbol. The symbol of the firm after the merger was XOM, symbols are sometimes reused, in the US the single-letter symbols are particularly sought after as vanity symbols. For example, since Mar 2008 Visa Inc. has used the symbol V that had previously used by Vivendi which had delisted. To fully qualify a stock, both the ticker and the exchange or country of listing needs to be known, on many systems both must be specified to uniquely identify the security. This is often done by appending the location or exchange code to the ticker, although stock tickers identify a security, they are exchange dependent, generally limited to stocks and can change. These limitations have led to the development of other codes in financial markets to identify securities for settlement purposes, the most prevalent of these is the International Securities Identifying Number. An ISIN uniquely identifies a security and its structure is defined in ISO6166, Securities for which ISINs are issued include bonds, commercial paper, stocks, and warrants. The ISIN identifies the security, not the exchange on which it trades, for instance, Daimler AG stock trades on twenty-two different stock exchanges worldwide, and is priced in five different currencies, it has the same ISIN on each, though not the same ticker symbol. ISIN cannot specify a particular trade in this case, and another identifier, following the introduction of the Sequence trading platform in 1996, EPICs were renamed Tradable Instrument Display Mnemonics, but they are still widely referred to as EPICs. Stocks can also be identified using their SEDOL number or their ISIN, in the United States, modern letter-only ticker symbols were developed by Standard & Poors to bring a national standard to investing
4.
Tokyo Stock Exchange
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The Tokyo Stock Exchange, which is called Tōshō or TSE/TYO for short, is a stock exchange located in Tokyo, Japan. It is the fourth largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization of its listed companies. It had 2,292 listed companies with a market capitalization of US$4.09 trillion as of April 2015. In July 2012 a planned merger with the Osaka Securities Exchange was approved by the Japan Fair Trade Commission, the resulting entity, the Japan Exchange Group, was launched on January 1,2013. The TSE is incorporated as a kabushiki gaisha with nine directors, four auditors and its headquarters are located at 2-1 Nihonbashi-Kabutochō, Chūō, Tokyo, or Kabuto-chō, which is the largest financial district in Japan. Its operating hours are from 8,00 to 11,30 a. m. from April 24,2006, the afternoon trading session started at its usual time of 12,30 p. m. Stocks listed on the TSE are separated into the First Section for large companies, the Second Section for mid-sized companies, as of October 31,2010, there are 1,675 First Section companies,437 Second Section companies and 182 Mothers companies. Ninety-four domestic and 10 foreign securities companies participate in TSE trading, see, Members of the Tokyo Stock Exchange Other TSE-related institutions include, The exchanges press club, called the Kabuto Club, which meets on the third floor of the TSE building. Most Kabuto Club members are affiliated with the Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Kyodo News, Jiji Press, or business television broadcasters such as Bloomberg LP, the Kabuto Club is generally busiest during April and May, when public companies release their annual accounts. On 15 June 2007, the TSE paid $303 million to acquire a 4. 99% stake in Singapore Exchange Ltd. The Tokyo Stock Exchange was established on May 15,1878, as the Tokyo Kabushiki Torihikijo under the direction of then-Finance Minister Okuma Shigenobu, trading began on June 1,1878. In 1943, the exchange was combined with ten other stock exchanges in major Japanese cities to form a single Japanese Stock Exchange, the combined exchange was shut down and reorganized shortly after the bombing of Nagasaki. The Tokyo Stock Exchange reopened under its current Japanese name on May 16,1949, a new facility, called TSE Arrows, opened on May 9,2000. In 2010, the TSE launched its Arrowhead trading facility, in 2001, the TSE restructured itself as a stock company, before this time, it was structured as an incorporated association with its members as shareholders. The interruption in trading was the worst in the history of the exchange, trading was suspended for four-and-a-half hours. Mizuho failed to catch the error, the Tokyo Stock Exchange initially blocked attempts to cancel the order, on 11 December, the TSE acknowledged that its system was at fault in the Mizuho trade. On 21 December, Takuo Tsurushima, chief executive of the TSE, and two other senior executives resigned over the Mizuho affair. On January 17,2006, the Nikkei 225 fell 2. 8%, its fastest drop in nine months, the Tokyo Stock Exchange closed early on January 18 due to the trade volume threatening to exceed the exchanges computer systems capacity of 4.5 million trades per day
5.
Video game industry
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The video game industry is the economic sector involved in the development, marketing and Monetizing of video games. It encompasses dozens of job disciplines and employs thousands of people worldwide, the computer and video game industry has grown from focused markets to mainstream. They took in about US$9.5 billion in the US in 2007,11.7 billion in 2008, sound cards were developed for addition of digital-quality sound to games and only later improved for music and audiophiles. Early on, graphics cards were developed for more colors, later, graphic cards were developed for graphical user interfaces and games, GUIs drove the need for high resolution, and games began using 3D acceleration. They also are one of the pieces of hardware to allow multiple hookups. Product and talent layer, includes developers, designers and artists, production and tools layer, generates content production tools, game development middleware, customizable game engines, and production management tools. Distribution layer, or the industry, involved in generating and marketing catalogs of games for retail. Hardware layer, or the providers of the platform, which may be console-based, accessed through online media. This layer now includes network infrastructure and non-hardware platforms such as machines, or software platforms such as browsers or even further Facebook. End-users layer, or the users/players of the games, the game industry employs those experienced in other traditional businesses, but some have experience tailored to the game industry. Some of the specific to the game industry include, game programmer, game designer, level designer, game producer, game artist. Most of these professionals are employed by video game developers or video game publishers, however, many hobbyists also produce computer games and sell them commercially. Recently, game developers have begun to employ those with extensive or long-term experience within the modding communities, prior to the 1970s, there was no significant commercial aspect of the video game industry, but many advances in computing would set the stage for the birth of the industry. In 1947 Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann filed a patent for a cathode ray tube amusement device and their game, which uses a cathode ray tube hooked to an oscilloscope display, challenges players to fire a gun at target. One of the first known examples is Spacewar, developed by Harvard and MIT employees Martin Graetz, Steve Russell, and Wayne Wiitanen. The introduction of easy-to-program languages like BASIC for mainframes allowed for more games to be developed. In 1971 the arcade game, Computer Space was released, the following year, Atari, Inc. released the first commercially successful video game, Pong, the original arcade version of which sold over 19,000 arcade cabinets. That same year saw the introduction of video games to the market with the release of the early video game console
6.
United States dollar
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common
7.
Net income
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In business, net income is an entitys income minus cost of goods sold, expenses and taxes for an accounting period. In the context of the presentation of financial statements, the IFRS Foundation defines net income as synonymous with profit, net income is a distinct accounting concept from profit but the same as net profit. Net income can also be calculated by adding a companys operating income to non-operating income, net income can be distributed among holders of common stock as a dividend or held by the firm as an addition to retained earnings. As profit and earnings are used synonymously for income, net earnings, often, the term income is substituted for net income, yet this is not preferred due to the possible ambiguity. Net income is called the bottom line because it is typically found on the last line of a companys income statement. The items deducted will typically include tax expense, financing expense, likewise, preferred stock dividends will be subtracted too, though they are not an expense. For a merchandising company, subtracted costs may be the cost of goods sold, sales discounts, for a product company advertising, manufacturing, and design and development costs are included
8.
Capcom Vancouver
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Capcom Game Studio Vancouver, Inc. more commonly known as Capcom Vancouver, is a video game developer owned by Capcom, and currently holds a partnership with Microsoft Studios. As Blue Castle Games, the company is the creator of several successful baseball sports video games, including The Bigs, MLB Front Office Manager and they have also developed the Dead Rising series. Blue Castle Games was acquired by Capcom after the release of Dead Rising 2, the company was formed on July 4,2005 in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada by three core founders with thirty five years of combined video game experience. Starting with only staff and one game, the company has grown to 170 people with 3 shipped titles. In February 2008, Blue Castle Games won the award for Best New Video Game Company at the 2008 Elan Awards for The Bigs, a wide number of developers in Capcom Vancouver were formerly of EA Games Canada, located only a couple blocks away from their studio. The company is working on multiple new projects using Unreal Engine 4. Capcom List of Capcom subsidiaries Official website
9.
Japanese language
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Japanese is an East Asian language spoken by about 125 million speakers, primarily in Japan, where it is the national language. It is a member of the Japonic language family, whose relation to language groups, particularly to Korean. Little is known of the prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century recorded a few Japanese words, during the Heian period, Chinese had considerable influence on the vocabulary and phonology of Old Japanese. Late Middle Japanese saw changes in features that brought it closer to the modern language, the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region in the Early Modern Japanese period. Following the end in 1853 of Japans self-imposed isolation, the flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, English loanwords in particular have become frequent, and Japanese words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese is an agglutinative, mora-timed language with simple phonotactics, a vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length. Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or make questions. Nouns have no number or gender, and there are no articles. Verbs are conjugated, primarily for tense and voice, but not person, Japanese equivalents of adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a system of honorifics with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of the speaker, the listener. Japanese has no relationship with Chinese, but it makes extensive use of Chinese characters, or kanji, in its writing system. Along with kanji, the Japanese writing system uses two syllabic scripts, hiragana and katakana. Latin script is used in a fashion, such as for imported acronyms. Very little is known about the Japanese of this period, Old Japanese is the oldest attested stage of the Japanese language. Through the spread of Buddhism, the Chinese writing system was imported to Japan, the earliest texts found in Japan are written in Classical Chinese, but they may have been meant to be read as Japanese by the kanbun method. Some of these Chinese texts show the influences of Japanese grammar, in these hybrid texts, Chinese characters are also occasionally used phonetically to represent Japanese particles. The earliest text, the Kojiki, dates to the early 8th century, the end of Old Japanese coincides with the end of the Nara period in 794
10.
Hepburn romanization
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The system was originally proposed by the Romanization Club in 1885. The revised edition by Romaji-Hirome-kai in 1908 is called standard style romanization, Hepburn is based on English phonology and has competed with the alternative Nihon-shiki romanization, which was developed in Japan as a replacement of Japanese script. In 1930, a Special Romanization Study Commission was appointed to compare the two, the ordinance was temporarily overturned by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers during the Occupation of Japan, but was reissued in 1954. In 1972, a version of Hepburn was codified as ANSI standard Z39. 11-1972. It was proposed in 1989 as a draft for ISO3602, the ANSI Z39. 11-1972 standard was consequently deprecated on October 6,1994. As of 1978, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, in addition The Japan Times, the Japan Travel Bureau, and many other private organizations used Hepburn instead of Kunrei-shiki. The National Diet Library used Kunrei-shiki, although Hepburn is not a government standard, some government agencies mandate it. In many other areas where it de jure status, Hepburn remains the de facto standard. Signs and notices in city offices and police stations, at shrines, temples, English-language newspapers and media use the simplified form of Hepburn. Cities and prefectures use it in information for English-speaking residents and visitors, official tourism information put out by the government uses it, as do guidebooks, local and foreign, on Japan. Many students of Japanese as a foreign language learn Hepburn, there are many variants of Hepburn romanization. The two most common styles are, Traditional Hepburn, as defined in various editions of Hepburns dictionary and this variant is characterized by the rendering of syllabic n as m before the consonants b, m and p, e. g. Shimbashi for 新橋. Modified Hepburn, also known as Revised Hepburn, in which the rendering of syllabic n as m before certain consonants is no longer used, in Japan itself, there are some variants officially mandated for various uses, Railway Standard, which follows the Hyōjun-shiki Rōmaji. All JR railways and other major railways use this type for station names, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Standard, which follows the modified Hepburn style. This is used for road signs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Passport Standard, a permissive standard which explicitly allows the use of non-Hepburn romaji in personal names, notably for passports. In particular, rendering the syllabic n as m before b, m, p, details of these variants can be found below. The romanizations set out in the first and second versions of Hepburns dictionary are primarily of historical interest, supporters argue that Hepburn is not intended as a linguistic tool. The long vowels are indicated by macrons
11.
Street Fighter
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Street Fighter, commonly abbreviated as SF or スト, is a fighting video game franchise by Capcom. The second game in the series is credited with establishing many of the conventions of the fighting genre. The games playable characters originate from different countries around the world and it is Capcoms second best-selling franchise, having had significant success worldwide. The first game in the series was released in 1987, Street Fighter, designed by Takashi Nishiyama and Hiroshi Matsumoto, made its debut in arcades, in 1987. In this game, the player control of martial artist Ryu. A second player can join in at any time and take control of Ryus American rival, the player can perform three types of punch and kick attacks, each varying in speed and strength, and three special attacks, the Hadouken, Shoryuken, and Tatsumaki Senpukyaku. These are performed by executing special button combinations with the controls, Street Fighter was ported to many popular home computer systems of the time, like the PC. In 1988, it was released on the NEC Avenue TurboGrafx-CD console under the name Fighting Street, Street Fighter was also later included in Capcom Classics Collection, Remixed for the PlayStation Portable and Capcom Classics Collection Vol.2 for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. Street Fighter II, The World Warrior was released in 1991 and this release followed an unsuccessful attempt to brand the 1989 beat em up game Final Fight and the officially commissioned spin-off Human Killing Machine as Street Fighter sequels. It was one of the earliest arcade games for Capcoms CP System hardware and was designed by Akira Nishitani and Akira Yasuda, Street Fighter II is the first one-on-one fighting game to give players a choice from a variety of player characters with different moves. The choice of available characters allows for more varied matches. As in the original, a player could join in at any point during single player mode. The original Japanese version of Street Fighter II introduced an African-American boxer boss character, sharing the physical characteristics, in order to avoid a likeness infringement lawsuit from Tyson, Capcom rotated the names of three of the boss characters for international versions of the game. Street Fighter II eclipsed its predecessor in popularity, eventually turning Street Fighter into a multimedia franchise, the release of the game had an unexpected impact on gaming and was the beginning of a massive phenomenon. By 1993, sales of Street Fighter II exceeded $1.5 billion in revenue, by 1995, Street Fighter II and Street Fighter II, Champion Edition arcade machines had exceeded $2.312 billion in gross revenue. In addition, the game console ports sold more than 14 million copies for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. The first official update to the series was Street Fighter II, Champion Edition, pronounced Street Fighter II Dash in Japan, in this game, players are allowed to play as the four computer-controlled boss characters and two players are able to choose the same character. In this case, one wears a alternate color pattern
12.
Mega Man
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Mega Man, alternatively written as Megaman and MegaMan, known as Rockman in Japan, is a video game franchise created by Capcom, starring the robot character Mega Man, or one of his many counterparts. Mega Man, released for the Nintendo Entertainment System or NES in 1987, by March 2015, the series had sold approximately thirty million copies worldwide, and is often cited as one of the most renowned video game franchises of all time. The classic series is considered to be the origin of the story, with Mega Man being the first installment, chronologically after Mega Man 8 comes Mega Man & Bass, followed by Mega Man 9 and Mega Man 10. Although the classic series has yet to reach an ending, the storyline shifts to the Mega Man X series, followed by the Mega Man Zero series, Mega Man ZX and Mega Man Legends. Although it is confirmed that the Legends series takes place sometime in the distant future after the ZX series, the official source book Rockman Perfect Memories outlines the Classic, X, and Legends series and makes mention of the Battle Network and Zero series. While the ZX and Star Force series were not yet conceived when the book was published. In the story behind the series, Mega Man is an android called Rock. Following treachery by Dr. Wily in which he reprogrammed all of Dr Lights robots, though all Mega Man games feature unique stories, settings, and characters, they nevertheless share several common features that have made the series one of the most consistent in video game history. All main Mega Man games released prior to 1997 are side scrolling with 2D platforming levels, the player character is Mega Man, who must fight through the levels using some variation of the Mega Buster—a cannon attached to his arm—to shoot the robotic enemies inhabiting his environment. When Mega Man was released in 1987, the characteristic that made it revolutionary was the given to the player of which robot master to attempt first. After defeating a Robot Master—the boss of a level—Mega Man gains the ability to use that Robot Masters special weapon, each Robot Master is representative of a specific element or object, with such bosses as Fire Man, Ice Man, Guts Man, and Elec Man. The weapons Mega Man gains share the theme of the defeated boss, after defeating all of the Robot Masters, Mega Man travels to a multi-stage fortress to confront Dr. Wily, the person responsible for the robotic enemies destructive acts. In the fortress, Mega Man fights past new bosses, clones of the games Robot Masters, and Wily, enemies are weak to at least one weapon, for instance, Fire Man will take more damage from Ice Mans weapon than from other weapons. This concept draws inspiration from rock-paper-scissors, Robot Master levels can generally be completed in any order, resulting in a strategic hallmark of the series, determining the best order to defeat bosses and earn weapons. Sequels of Mega Man games contain new enemies alongside familiar ones, new bosses and weapons, later installments of the game give the player the option of commanding other player characters with different abilities, such as Proto Man, Duo, and Bass. To date, the Classic series has not reached a definite conclusion, but due to the Classic series light-hearted and nostalgic nature, it may never reach a definite conclusion. Originally developed for the NES, the original Mega Man series experienced graphical improvements in fourth and fifth generation installments. Capcom wanted a redesign in graphics and control as the Mega Man series moved from the NES to the SNES, prompting the creation of the Mega Man X series in 1993
13.
Resident Evil
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Resident Evil, known as Biohazard in Japan, is a survival horror video game-based media franchise created by Shinji Mikami and Tokuro Fujiwara and owned by the video game company Capcom. The eponymous first game in the series was released in 1996 as a horror video game. The series is a mix of action and horror film-inspired plotlines, exploration, as of January 27,2017, the video game series has sold 75 million units worldwide, and is Capcoms biggest franchise in terms of software sales. In Japan the games are known as Biohazard. Resident Evil made its debut on the PlayStation in 1996 and was ported to the Sega Saturn. A port of Resident Evil 2 was released for the Nintendo 64, in addition, ports of all three were released for Microsoft Windows. The fourth game in the series, Resident Evil – Code, Veronica, was developed for the Dreamcast and released in 2000, followed by ports of Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3. Resident Evil Code, Veronica was later re-released for Dreamcast in Japan in a form as Code, Veronica Complete. This updated version was ported to the PlayStation 2 and GameCube under the title Code, Veronica X. Resident Evil 4 was later released for Windows, PlayStation 2. In addition, the GameCube received ports of the previous Resident Evil sequels, despite this exclusivity agreement between Capcom and Nintendo, Capcom released several Resident Evil titles for the PlayStation 2 that were not considered direct sequels. A trilogy of GunCon-compatible light gun known as the Gun Survivor series featured first person game play. The first, Resident Evil Survivor, was released in 2000 for the PlayStation and PC, the subsequent games, Resident Evil, Survivor 2 Code, Veronica and Resident Evil, Dead Aim, fared somewhat better. Dead Aim is the fourth Gun Survivor game in Japan, with Gun Survivor 3 being the Dino Crisis spin-off Dino Stalker, in a similar vein, the Chronicles series features first person game play, albeit on an on-rails path. Resident Evil, The Umbrella Chronicles was released in 2007 for the Wii, with a follow up, Resident Evil and it was the first in the series and the first survival horror title to feature cooperative gameplay and online multiplayer support. It was followed by a sequel, Resident Evil Outbreak File #2, the town served a critical junction for the series progression as one of the main catalysts to Umbrellas downfall as well as the entry point for some of the series most notable characters. Resident Evil Gaiden is a game for the Game Boy Color featuring an role-playing-style combat system. There have been several downloadable mobile games based on the Resident Evil series in Japan, some of these mobile games have been released in North America and Europe through T-Mobile. However, as of 2012, no announcements have been made
14.
Dino Crisis
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Dino Crisis is a video game series created by Shinji Mikami and owned by the video game company Capcom. The franchise focuses around a series of horror video games. The story of Dino Crisis takes place on a location known as Ibis Island in the year 2009. The Secret Operation Raid Team has sent an agent, Tom, during the recon mission, he learns that Dr. Edward Kirk, a world-renowned scientist who was reported dead three years ago, is leading a secret weapons project within the facility. SORT sends four agents to acquire Kirk and return him to custody, the team arrives on the island under cover of darkness, dropping in via parachute. Cooper is blown off course and lands in the jungle away from the others, lost in the dark, he is chased down by a Tyrannosaurus rex and eaten. The other three agents, unaware of his death, proceed with the mission, Dylan Morton, the rescue team leader, is the second playable character. Despite Dylan and Regina initially going their separate ways, they end up joining forces to find a way back to the present, the player switches between controlling Regina and Dylan at specific points during the story. Dino Stalker is the installment in the Gun Survivor series by Capcom. The Gun Survivor series is a series to the main Resident Evil series, however. Set in the year 2548, it has been 300 years since Earth lost contact with the colony ship Ozymandias, somehow, the ship has reappeared near Jupiter. A team called S. O. A. R. is sent aboard the probe ship Seyfert to investigate, Dino Crisis, Dungeon in Chaos is a first-person shooter mobile game published by the now-defunct Mobile Capcom in 2003. On May 9,2015, Adam Dodd of Bloody Disgusting also urged Capcom to release a version of the original Dino Crisis as they did with Resident Evil. On January 11,2016, Jorge Bocanegra of Rely on Horror reported that Tao Weishi was interested in working with Capcom on a revival of the Dino Crisis series, Bocanegra also stated that It would certainly be nice to get a Dino Crisis revival. And Capcom could potentially start by remastering the original game, which would fall in line nicely with their current strategy when it comes to remasters. It’s also just one of about a dozen properties Weishi name-dropped, along with Resident Evil, Street Fighter, Devil May Cry, Onimusha. DINO CRISIS ORIGINAL SOUNDTRACK is the soundtrack to Dino Crisis. It was produced by Capcoms in-house music company, Suleputer, and was composed by Makoto Tomozawa, Sayaka Fujita, DINO CRISIS2 ORIGINAL SOUNDTRACK is the official soundtrack for Dino Crisis 2
15.
Devil May Cry
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Devil May Cry is a hack and slash video game series developed by Capcom and created by Hideki Kamiya. Originally intended to be a sequel in Capcoms Resident Evil series, the series centers on the main character Dantes goal of avenging his mothers murder by exterminating demons. Many of the enemies are named after the Seven Deadly Sins. The series has been a success with the first three games selling multiple copies and being awarded the Platinum Title award by Capcom. The success of the game series has led to the creation of comic books, novelizations, an animated series, guides, collectibles, publications. A high-definition remaster of the three PlayStation 2 titles was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in 2012, the collection features trophies/achievements and high definition graphics. During the 2010 edition of the Tokyo Game Show, Capcom revealed a new game, named DmC and it was developed by Ninja Theory and was a reboot of the series that explores similar themes and also satirizes certain social themes. The gameplay of the series focuses primarily on fast-paced, highly stylized combat, gaining a high style ranking requires long attack and evasion strings while avoiding damage. The game also features some puzzle-solving and exploration elements retained from its survival horror origins, in later games, the system was slightly modified so players had to actively vary the attacks used, so as to maintain the style rank. The style rank is tracked during combat with letter grades, from worst to best and they are also represented by words that start with the first letter of the class, Dull for D for example. The third game introduced SS and SSS ranks, which continues in the game in the series. The players performance on each level is also ranked using these letters, notable weapons in the series include the swords Force Edge/Sparda in Devil May Cry, Rebellion in Devil May Cry 2, and Yamato in Devil May Cry 3, Dantes Awakening. Ammunition for the guns is infinite due to the style. Meter and ranking encouraging players to attack continuously while avoiding damage, Devil May Cry 2 also allowed the player to play as Trish once they had completed the game with either Dante or Lucia. Devil May Cry 2 introduced the ability to perform attacks in mid-air. It also introduced a button, so the player could cycle through ranged weapons without switching to the inventory screen. Devil May Cry 3, Dantes Awakening added a selection of styles, allowing the player to focus on their favorite techniques or weapons, whether it be swords, guns. Each of the four basic styles gain experience points, which unlock more techniques and abilities without costing red orbs, a second weapon-change button was added, allowing the player to cycle through the characters melee weaponry, specifically known as Devil Arms, as well
16.
Ace Attorney
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Ace Attorney, known in Japan as Gyakuten Saiban, is a series of visual novel adventure video games developed by Capcom. The first entry in the series, Phoenix Wright, Ace Attorney, was released in 2001, since then, nine further games have been released. Additionally, the series has seen adaptations in the form of an action film and an anime. The cases all last a maximum of three days, with the determining the outcome based on evidence presented by the defense attorney. The series was created by the writer and director Shu Takumi, while the original Japanese versions of the games are set in Japan, the series localizations are set in the United States, though retaining Japanese cultural influence. The Ace Attorney series launched in Japan with the Game Boy Advance game Phoenix Wright, Ace Attorney in 2001, the series currently consists of six main series games and four spin-offs. Phoenix Wright, Ace Attorney is the first entry in the series and it was originally released for the Game Boy Advance in 2001 in Japan, it has also been released for the Nintendo DS in 2005, Microsoft Windows in 2008, and the Wii and iOS in 2009. Phoenix Wright, Ace Attorney − Justice for All is the entry in the series. It was originally released for the Game Boy Advance in 2002 in Japan, it has also released for the Nintendo DS in 2006, Microsoft Windows in 2008. Phoenix Wright, Ace Attorney − Trials and Tribulations is the entry in the series. It was originally released for the Game Boy Advance in 2004 in Japan, it has also released for Microsoft Windows in 2006, the Nintendo DS in 2007. Apollo Justice, Ace Attorney is the entry in the series. It was released for the Nintendo DS in 2007 in Japan and in 2008 in the West, Phoenix Wright, Ace Attorney − Dual Destinies is the fifth entry in the main series. It was originally released for the Nintendo 3DS in 2013 in Japan, North America and Europe, outside of Japan, an iOS version was released in 2014 in Japan and the West. Phoenix Wright, Ace Attorney − Spirit of Justice is the entry in the main series. It was released for the Nintendo 3DS in 2016 in Japan, North America, like Dual Destinies, it was given a digital-only release outside Japan. Ace Attorney Investigations, Miles Edgeworth is the first entry in the Investigations spin-off series and it was released for the Nintendo DS in 2009 in Japan and in 2010 in the West. Ace Attorney Investigations 2 is the entry in the Investigations series
17.
Monster Hunter
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The Monster Hunter franchise is a series of fantasy-themed action role-playing video games that started with the game Monster Hunter for PlayStation 2. The series is developed and published by Capcom, as the title suggests, the player takes the role of a hunter in a fantasy environment and completes quests by hunting out specific kinds of monsters to kill or capture. The series has branched out into PlayStation Portable games and a multiplayer online game. As of February 2015, the series has sold over 38 million units across all games, there is also an anime based on the spin-off game Monster Hunter Diary, Poka Poka Airou Village and a book called Monster Hunter EPISODE. Monster Hunter 4 and Monster Hunter Generations launched on the Nintendo 3DS handheld console, Monster Hunter games are hybrids of action games and role-playing games, set in a fantasy genre. Gameplay is generally divided between time spent in villages to manage equipment and resources, and going on quests to hunt down giant monsters that prowl in fields near these villages. Atypically to most RPGs, the players Hunter does not have any intrinsic attributes that change throughout the game, instead, the player selects armor, weapons, and other equipment that grant certain bonuses or penalties to the Hunter. Armor, made up from different pieces, grants defensive value, strengths and weaknesses to certain elemental attacks, the monster parts and other resources are given to the Hunter based on various percentages, with some parts appearing with high rarity. The player may often be required to undertake the same quest several times to defeat the same type to get these parts. Once equipment is crafted, it can then be upgraded, weapons typically can be upgraded along a weapon tree, where the player may have the option to choose two or more specialized versions of a weapon at a given upgrade point. Armor typically can be improved through armor spheres to increase its defensive value, a quest will generally designate how much time the player has to complete the quest, the goals of the quest, the location of the quest, and other restrictions. Prior to the quest, the player selects which equipment for the Hunter, as once on their field, each game features several different fields, each made up of several interconnected areas including a base camp where some supplies and a health-restoring tent can be found. Some areas in a field may be hot or cold. When the Hunter enters the field, they have a health, if the Hunter falls three times in this manner, the quest is considered failed. Stamina quickly replenishes if the Hunter does a normal activity like walking. However, over the time of the quest, the meters maximum will slowly drop, meaning the Hunter will tire out sooner. Various restorative items like potions and rations can be assigned prior to the quest, while in the field, the Hunter can gather resources from certain gathering points and if they have the necessary equipment, such as pick-axes for mining spots, or bug-nets for insects. The Hunter only has an amount of inventory space while on the field between restorative items and gathered resources and monster spoils
18.
Dead Rising
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Dead Rising is a series of zombie survival horror beat em up video games set in an open world created by Keiji Inafune. It was originally developed by Capcom until Capcom Vancouver took over developing the franchise, the games in the franchise take place in fictional cities, although real cities are mentioned, the first game takes place in a small Mall in the town of Willamette, Colorado. The third game takes place in Los Perdidos, California, Dead Rising 4 takes place again, in Willamette with a zombie outbreak happening in the Willamette Memorial Mall which was constructed to honor the victims of the first game outbreak. Phenotrans is a pharmaceutical company. It creates and distributes Zombrex, a medicine which can, if taken daily, the company serves as the main antagonist of the series. There are also organizations like C. U. R. E, which fight for the rights of the zombies. Voiced by Terence J. Rotolo, Victor Nosslo, Peter von Gomm, Rikiya Koyama, Frank West is the protagonist of Dead Rising and Dead Rising 4, and also appears in the downloadable content Dead Rising 2, Case West, and the film Dead Rising, Watchtower. Frank West is a photographer and photojournalist who has covered many world events, wars. Looking for the next big scoop, he stumbles onto some strange events happening in the town of Willamette. While not the most polished and professional person in his field, he is strong, genuinely kind and decent, not your typical journalist, Frank is capable of handling himself in combat and helping other survivors to safety. Voiced by Troy Baker and portrayed by Victor Webster, the main protagonist of Dead Rising 2 and all of its downloadable contents as well as a supporting character in Dead Rising 3, and having a cameo in the film Dead Rising, Endgame. Chuck is introduced in Dead Rising 2 as a former motocross champion, Chuck arrives at Fortune City, Nevada, to take part in Terror Is Reality, a controversial sports entertainment game show where contestants kill zombies for cash prizes. The protagonist of Dead Rising 3, Nick is an orphan-turned-mechanic who works for Wrench O Rama in the city of Los Perdidos. While he has excellent mechanical skills, Nick has difficulties formulating plans, many details of his life remain a mystery, but a distinctive physical trait is a tattoo of the number 12 on his neck. Despite his shortcomings, Nick is a young man who holds his friends in high regard, especially his boss Rhonda. Nick also has a crush on a girl named Annie, the co-op player of Dead Rising 3 controls a character called Dick. Chase Carter is the protagonist of the films Dead Rising, Watchtower and Dead Rising, the character is a journalist like Frank West, and so far has not been mentioned within the games. The games work within a 72-hour schedule which happens in in-game time, every event happens within an hour, similar to The Legend of Zelda
19.
Breath of Fire
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Breath of Fire is a role-playing video game series developed by Capcom. It originated on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1993, the series is notable for its recurring characters and ambiguous continuity, though each game is its own self-contained story, the names of the two lead characters are, invariably, Ryu and Nina. The story commonly involves an adventurer named Ryu who can shapeshift into different types of dragons, over the course of his journey, he befriends Nina, a girl with wings. At its inception, Breath of Fire took place in a medieval fantasy style fictional world, despite these changes, the core structure of Breath of Fire remains largely linear and plot-focused. As of 2016, six Breath of Fire titles have been released, to date, the series has sold over 3 million units worldwide. Beginning in November 2003, Capcom began releasing Breath of Fire titles specifically for mobile devices in Japan. Each game was developed for use on NTT DoCoMo, au, the music of each Breath of Fire games has traditionally been produced by rotating members of Capcoms in-house sound team. Breath of Fire IIIs soundtrack took an approach, and was written by the team of Yoshino Aoki and Akari Kaida. For the first time in the series, the music of Breath of Fire, Dragon Quarter was created by an employee, Hitoshi Sakimoto. As of the game in the series, the Breath of Fire franchise has sold a total of 3.1 million units worldwide, with Capcom calling it their best known. In a December 2008 interview with gaming website 1UP, apart from that, regarding RPG titles, they are very popular in Japan, but only certain RPG titles sell so Capcom doesnt really need to even consider making these titles as an option. Capcom USA Vice President of Strategic Planning Chris Svensson would later claim on the official message boards in June 2009 that the series remains a resting IP. Other companies such as Camelot Software Planning have expressed interest in developing a title for the series if Capcom remained unwilling to do so, list of Japanese role-playing game franchises Breath of Fire Games at DMOZ
20.
The Walt Disney Company
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
21.
Irem
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Irem is a Japanese video game console developer and publisher, and formerly a developer and manufacturer of arcade games as well. The company has its headquarters in Chiyoda, Tokyo, the full name of the company that currently uses the brand is Irem Software Engineering. Irem Corporation was founded in 1974 as IPM and still today under the name of Apies. Irem is probably mostly known internationally for three 1980s arcade games, Moon Patrol, the earliest beat em up, Kung-Fu Master, Irem has been popular in Japan with games like Photoboy for the PC Engine and In the Hunt for the arcades. Irem refocused to become primarily a slot-machine and pachinko developer, the industry it was in before turning to video games, many Irem designers, including producer Kazuma Kujo, gathered to form a new company called Granzella to continue creating video games. Irems ancestor, I P Merchants, was founded in 1969 by Kenzo Tsujimoto in Osaka Prefecture, Tsujimoto opened his store in Osaka to sell machines for cotton candy stores. At the time, Tsujimoto was already confident in the potential of the game entertainment, I P Merchants was succeeded in 1974 by a new company, IPM Co Ltd, with Tsujimoto as its president. IPM stood for International Playing Machine, at first, IPMs purpose was to built and install gaming machines for Mom-and-pop candy stores in Japan and its initial vocation wasnt much different from the previous company. Impressed with the success of Ataris Breakout arcade video game, IPM started to manufacture, sell, in 1977, IPM partnered with Nanao Corporation of Ishikawa Prefecture to produce CRT monitors for its arcade cabinets. IPM released its first video games in 1978, starting with IPM Invader. In early 1979, IPM changed its name to Irem Corporation, the reason for this decision was because IPM was too confusing with IBM. Irem is an abbreviation for International Rental Electronics Machines, in 1980, Nanao became the majority shareholder of Irem Corporation. Tsujimoto remained chairman of Irem Corporation in the early 1980s despite establishing in 1979 another company, however, Tsujimoto was blamed in 1982 for the declining sales of the video game IPM Invader and other lackluster titles, and was replaced by Nanao president Tetsushi Takashima. The following year, Tsujimoto left the company to form Capcom, in 1985, the sales department of Irem spun off as a separate company called Irem Sales Co Ltd. It was re-merged into Irem Corporation in 1989, around this time, Japanese supermarket chain Daiei acquired half of Nanaos shares to control Irem Corporation. However, due to management, all the shares were sold back to Nanao. In 1989, an office was inaugurated in Redmond, Washington as Irem America and it remained in operation until the restructuring of the Japanese parent company in 1994. As Irem entered the 1990s, the corporation declined, Sales were so poor that in 1994, Irem completely ceased development of video games
22.
Arcade cabinet
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A video game arcade cabinet, also known as a video arcade machine or video coin-op, is the housing within which a video arcade games hardware resides. Most cabinets designed since the mid-1980s conform to the JAMMA wiring standard, some include additional connectors for features not included in the standard. Note, Because arcade cabinets vary according to the games they were built for or contain, they may not possess all of the parts listed below, A monitor. They may display either raster or vector graphics, raster being most common, standard resolution is between 262.5 and 315 vertical lines, depending on the refresh rate. Slower refresh rates allow for better vertical resolution, monitors may be oriented horizontally or vertically, depending on the game. Some games use more than one monitor, some newer cabinets have monitors that can display high-definition video. Printed circuit boards or arcade system boards, the actual hardware upon which the game runs, some systems, such as the SNK Neo-Geo MVS, use a main board with game carts. Some main boards may hold multiple game carts as well, a power supply to provide DC power to the arcade system boards and low voltage lighting for the coin slots and lighted buttons. A marquee, a sign above the monitor displaying the games title and they are often brightly colored and backlit. A bezel, which is the border around the monitor and it may contain instructions or artwork. A control panel, a surface near the monitor, upon which the games controls are arranged. Control panels sometimes have playing instructions, players often pile their coins or tokens on the control panels of upright and cocktail cabinets. Coin slots, coin returns and the box, which allow for the exchange of money or tokens. They are usually below the control panel, very often, translucent red plastic buttons are placed in between the coin return and the coin slot. When they are pressed, a coin or token that has become jammed in the mechanism is returned to the player. Early coin slots could be defeated using a gas fire or gas oven igniter held against the steel bodywork of the cabinet. In some arcades, the slot is replaced with a card reader that reads data from a game card bought from the arcade operator. The sides of the cabinet are usually decorated with brightly coloured stickers or paint
23.
Personal computer
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A personal computer is a multi-purpose electronic computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use. PCs are intended to be operated directly by a end-user, rather than by an expert or technician. In the 2010s, PCs are typically connected to the Internet, allowing access to the World Wide Web, personal computers may be connected to a local area network, either by a cable or a wireless connection. In the 2010s, a PC may be, a multi-component desktop computer, designed for use in a location a laptop computer, designed for easy portability or a tablet computer. In the 2010s, PCs run using a system, such as Microsoft Windows, Linux. The very earliest microcomputers, equipped with a front panel, required hand-loading of a program to load programs from external storage. Before long, automatic booting from permanent read-only memory became universal, in the 2010s, users have access to a wide range of commercial software, free software and free and open-source software, which are provided in ready-to-run or ready-to-compile form. Since the early 1990s, Microsoft operating systems and Intel hardware have dominated much of the computer market, first with MS-DOS. Alternatives to Microsofts Windows operating systems occupy a minority share of the industry and these include Apples OS X and free open-source Unix-like operating systems such as Linux and Berkeley Software Distribution. Advanced Micro Devices provides the alternative to Intels processors. PC is an initialism for personal computer, some PCs, including the OLPC XOs, are equipped with x86 or x64 processors but not designed to run Microsoft Windows. PC is used in contrast with Mac, an Apple Macintosh computer and this sense of the word is used in the Get a Mac advertisement campaign that ran between 2006 and 2009, as well as its rival, Im a PC campaign, that appeared in 2008. Since Apples transition to Intel processors starting 2005, all Macintosh computers are now PCs, the “brain” may one day come down to our level and help with our income-tax and book-keeping calculations. But this is speculation and there is no sign of it so far, in the history of computing there were many examples of computers designed to be used by one person, as opposed to terminals connected to mainframe computers. Using the narrow definition of operated by one person, the first personal computer was the ENIAC which became operational in 1946 and it did not meet further definitions of affordable or easy to use. An example of an early single-user computer was the LGP-30, created in 1956 by Stan Frankel and used for science and it came with a retail price of $47, 000—equivalent to about $414,000 today. Introduced at the 1965 New York Worlds Fair, the Programma 101 was a programmable calculator described in advertisements as a desktop computer. It was manufactured by the Italian company Olivetti and invented by the Italian engineer Pier Giorgio Perotto, the Soviet MIR series of computers was developed from 1965 to 1969 in a group headed by Victor Glushkov
24.
Arcade game
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An arcade game or coin-op is a coin-operated entertainment machine typically installed in public businesses such as restaurants, bars and amusement arcades. Most arcade games are games, pinball machines, electro-mechanical games. While exact dates are debated, the age of arcade video games is usually defined as a period beginning sometime in the late 1970s. The old Midways of 1920s-era amusement parks provided the inspiration and atmosphere for later arcade games, in the 1930s the first coin-operated pinball machines emerged. These early amusement machines differed from their later electronic cousins in that they were made of wood and they lacked plungers or lit-up bonus surfaces on the playing field, and used mechanical instead of electronic scoring-readouts. By around 1977 most pinball machines in production switched to using solid-state electronics both for operation and for scoring, another Sega 1969 release, Missile, a shooter and vehicle-combat simulation, featured electronic sound and a moving film strip to represent the targets on a projection screen. In 1970 Midway released the game in North America as S. A. M. I, in the course of the 1970s, following the release of Pong in 1972, electronic video-games gradually replaced electro-mechanical arcade games. In 1972, Sega released a game called Killer Shark. In 1974, Nintendo released Wild Gunman, a shooter that used full-motion video-projection from 16 mm film to display live-action cowboy opponents on the screen. The 1978 video game Space Invaders, however, dealt a yet more powerful blow to the popularity of electro-mechanical games, in 1971 students at Stanford University set up the Galaxy Game, a coin-operated version of the Spacewar video game. This ranks as the earliest known instance of a video game. Later in the year, Nolan Bushnell created the first mass-manufactured game, Computer Space. In 1972, Atari was formed by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney, Atari essentially created the coin-operated video game industry with the game Pong, the first successful electronic ping pong video game. Pong proved to be popular, but imitators helped keep Atari from dominating the fledgling coin-operated video game market, taitos Space Invaders, in 1978, proved to be the first blockbuster arcade video game. Its success marked the beginning of the age of arcade video games. Space Invaders, Galaxian, Pac-Man, Battlezone, Defender, by 1981, the arcade video game industry was worth $8 billion. By the late 1980s, the video game craze was beginning to fade due to advances in home video game console technology. By 1991, US arcade video game revenues had fallen to $2.1 billion, the pseudo-3D sprite/tile scaling was handled in a similar manner to textures in later texture-mapped polygonal 3D games of the 1990s
25.
Vulgus
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Vulgus is a vertically scrolling shooter video game developed and published by Capcom in Japan in 1984 and released in North America by SNK the same year. The word Vulgus comes from Latin and means people, people of lower layers of society. The game was Capcoms first arcade video game, the game is included in Capcom Classics Collection and is now available as freeware. The player controls a spaceship with an objective, destroy incoming enemies. The vessel has two different weapons, a weapon with infinite ammunition and a limited supply of bombs. By picking up the Pow icons, which appear throughout the levels. Similar to Xevious, the game does not have distinct levels, the game repeats with increased difficulty until the player loses all his/her lives. A seemingly related game was developed for the Nintendo Entertainment System titled Titan Warriors, Vulgus is available in the compilation title Capcom Generation 3 for the Sony PlayStation and Sega Saturn. In 2001, Capcom released Vulgus as freeware for IBM PCs, the port was done by Hanaho, makers of the Hotrod joystick. Captain Commando duly notes Vulgus position in gaming history as Capcoms first game in one of his Marvel vs. Capcom win quotes, deadpool also states in Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 for a win quote that he will continue petitioning Capcom for Vulgus 2. The Pow icon is re-used in many other Capcom games, like 1941, Counter Attack, Bionic Commando, likewise, the Yashichi enemy has made later appearances in many Capcom games, usually in a more benign role as a power-up. Valgas, a character from the Power Stone series, has his name based on this game. Vulgus at the Killer List of Videogames
26.
Nintendo Entertainment System
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The Nintendo Entertainment System is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. The best-selling gaming console of its time, the NES helped revitalize the US video game following the video game crash of 1983. With the NES, Nintendo introduced a business model of licensing third-party developers, authorizing them to produce. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer on July 15,1983, and was released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics and it was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. In 2009, the Nintendo Entertainment System was named the single greatest video game console in history by IGN and it was judged the second greatest console behind the Sega Dreamcast in PC Magazines Top 10 Video Game Consoles of All Time. Following a series of arcade game successes in the early 1980s, Nintendo made plans to create a console called the Famicom. A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify the functionality of the hardware, because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan up to that time, no cross-development software was available and it had to be produced from scratch. Perhaps we could say it is a family computer, meanwhile, Hiroshi Yamauchi decided that the console should use a red and white theme after seeing a billboard for DX Antenna which used those colors. Original plans called for the Famicoms cartridges to be the size of a cassette tape, careful design attention was paid to the cartridge connectors since loose and faulty connections often plagued arcade machines. As it necessitated taking 60 connection lines for the memory and expansion, the controllers were hard-wired to the console with no connectors for cost reasons. There were concerns regarding the durability of the design and that children might step on joysticks left on the floor. Katsuyah Nakawaka attached a Game & Watch D-pad to the Famicom prototype and found that it was easy to use, ultimately though, they installed a 15-pin expansion port on the front of the console so that an optional arcade-style joystick could be used. Uemura added an eject lever to the slot which was not really necessary. He also added a microphone to the controller with the idea that it could be used to make players voices sound through the TV speaker. The console was released on July 15,1983 as the Family Computer for ¥14,800 alongside three ports of Nintendos successful arcade games Donkey Kong, Donkey Kong Jr. and Popeye. The Famicom was slow to gather momentum, a bad chip set caused the release of the system to crash. Following a product recall and a reissue with a new motherboard, the deal was set to be finalized and signed at the Summer Consumer Electronics Show in June 1983
27.
1942 (video game)
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1942 is a vertically scrolling shoot em up made by Capcom that was released for the arcade in 1984. It was the first game in the 19XX series and it was followed by 1943, The Battle of Midway. 1942 is set in the Pacific theater of World War II, the goal is to reach Tokyo and destroy the entire Japanese air fleet. The player pilots a plane dubbed the Super Ace, the player has to shoot down enemy planes, to avoid enemy fire, the player can perform a roll or vertical loop. During the game the player may collect a series of power-ups, there were few enemies, Kawasaki Ki-61s, Mitsubishi A6M Zeros and Kawasaki Ki-48s. The boss plane is a Nakajima G8N, the game was later ported to the Famicom, MSX, NEC PC-8801, Windows Mobile Professional, and Game Boy Color. It was ported by the European games publisher Elite Systems to the Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum, the game was included as part of Capcom Classics Collection for the Xbox and PlayStation 2 in 2005. The arcade version was released on the Wii Virtual Console in Japan on December 21,2010, the PAL region on January 21,2011, and in North America on January 24,2011. The music of the Commodore 64 version is based on the verse of Ron Goodwins 633 Squadron movie score. 1942 was one of Capcoms first breakaway hits, eclipsing in popularity the companys preceding three titles, in 1987, it was number-one on Euromaxs UK arcade chart. While not as popular as some of Capcoms series that would later in the 1980s,1942 would become one of Capcoms hallmark games throughout the arcade era. Although not the first game to receive a sequel 1942 was the first Capcom title to spawn a series of sequels. Additionally, many of Capcoms other vertical shooters featured very similar gameplay to the such as Varth. 1942s longevity has shown through in many re-releases since its introduction, principally in Capcom Generations 1 for the PlayStation and it was featured in the Capcom Classics Collection for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, as well as Capcom Classics Collection, Reloaded for the PlayStation Portable. 1942, First Strike was released for iOS in 2010, a remake,1942, Joint Strike is available for Xbox Live Arcade and the PlayStation Network. The Xbox Live Arcade version was released on July 23,2008,1942 at the Killer List of Videogames 1942 at MobyGames 1942 at SpectrumComputing. co. uk 1942 at Coinop. org 1942 at C64-Wiki
28.
Home video game console
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A home video game console or simply home console is a video game device that is primarily used for home gamers, as opposed to in arcades or some other commercial establishment. Below is a timeline of each generation with the top three home video consoles of each based on worldwide sales. For a complete list of video consoles released in each generation please see the respective article of each generation. Legend – Unit with the highest sales of its generation, – Unit with the second highest sales of its generation. – Unit with the third highest sales of its generation, – Manufacturer released a home video console during this generation but did not sell the most units. – – Manufacturer didnt release a video game console during this generation. † – Indicates the current generation consoles on the market, although the first video games appeared in the 1950s, they were played on massive computers connected to vector displays, not analog televisions. Ralph H. Baer conceived the idea of a video game in 1951. In the late 1960s while working for Sanders Associates he created a series of game console designs. In 1972 Magnavox released the Magnavox Odyssey, the first home game console which could be connected to a TV set. Magnavox replaced the switch design with separate cartridges for each game, by autumn 1975, Magnavox, bowing to the popularity of Pong, cancelled the Odyssey and released a scaled-down version that played only Pong and hockey, the Odyssey 100. A second, higher end console, the Odyssey 200, was released with the 100 and added on-screen scoring, up to four players, almost simultaneously released with Ataris own home Pong console through Sears, these consoles jump-started the consumer market. All three of the new consoles used simpler designs than the original Odyssey with no board game pieces or extra cartridges, in the years that followed, the market saw many companies rushing similar consoles to market. Most of the consoles from this era were dedicated consoles playing the games that came with the console. These video game consoles were often just called video games, because there was reason to distinguish the two yet. While a few companies like Atari, Magnavox, and newcomer Coleco pushed the envelope, Fairchild released the Fairchild Video Entertainment System in 1976. The VES, however, contained a programmable microprocessor so its cartridges only needed a single ROM chip to store microprocessor instructions, RCA and Atari soon released their own cartridge-based consoles, the RCA Studio II and the Atari 2600, respectively. Both Bally and Magnavox also brought their own programmable cartridge-based consoles to the market, however, it was not until Atari released a conversion of the golden age arcade hit Space Invaders in 1980 for the Atari 2600 that the home console industry took off
29.
Commodore 64
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The Commodore 64, also known as the C64, C-64, C=64, or occasionally CBM64 or VIC-64 in Sweden, is an 8-bit home computer introduced in January 1982 by Commodore International. It is listed in the Guinness World Records as the single computer model of all time. Volume production started in early 1982, marketing in August for US$595, preceded by the Commodore VIC-20 and Commodore PET, the C64 took its name from its 64 kilobytes of RAM. It had superior sound and graphical specifications compared to earlier systems such as the Apple II and Atari 800, with multi-color sprites. The C64 dominated the low-end computer market for most of the 1980s. Sam Tramiel, a later Atari president and the son of Commodores founder, said in a 1989 interview, When I was at Commodore we were building 400,000 C64s a month for a couple of years. In the UK market, the C64 faced competition from the BBC Micro and the ZX Spectrum, part of the Commodore 64s success was its sale in regular retail stores instead of only electronics and/or computer hobbyist specialty stores. Commodore produced many of its parts in-house to control costs, including custom integrated circuit chips from MOS Technology and it has been compared to the Ford Model T automobile for its role in bringing a new technology to middle-class households via creative and affordable mass-production. Approximately 10,000 commercial software titles have made for the Commodore 64 including development tools, office productivity applications. C64 emulators allow anyone with a computer, or a compatible video game console. The C64 is also credited with popularizing the computer demoscene and is used today by some computer hobbyists. In 2008,17 years after it was taken off the market, in January 1981, MOS Technology, Inc. Commodores integrated circuit design subsidiary, initiated a project to design the graphic, Design work for the chips, named MOS Technology VIC-II and MOS Technology SID, was completed in November 1981. Commodore then began a game console project that would use the new chips—called the Ultimax or the Commodore MAX Machine and this project was eventually cancelled after just a few machines were manufactured for the Japanese market. At the same time, Robert Bob Russell and Robert Bob Yannes were critical of the current product line-up at Commodore, with the support of Al Charpentier and Charles Winterble, they proposed to Commodore CEO Jack Tramiel a true low-cost sequel to the VIC-20. Tramiel dictated that the machine should have 64 KB of random-access memory, although 64-Kbit dynamic random-access memory chips cost over US$100 at the time, he knew that DRAM prices were falling, and would drop to an acceptable level before full production was reached. The product was named the VIC-40 as the successor to the popular VIC-20. The team that constructed it consisted of Yash Terakura, Bob Russell, Bob Yannes, the design, prototypes and some sample software were finished in time for the show, after the team had worked tirelessly over both Thanksgiving and Christmas weekends
30.
IBM PC DOS
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IBM PC DOS is a discontinued operating system for the IBM Personal Computer, manufactured and sold by IBM from the 1981 into the 2000s. Before version 6.1, PC DOS was an IBM-branded version of MS-DOS, from version 6.1 on, PC DOS became IBMs independent product. The IBM task force assembled to develop the PC decided that critical components of the machine, including the operating system and this radical break from company tradition of in-house development was one of the key decisions that made the IBM PC an industry standard. At that time private company Microsoft, founded five years before by Bill Gates, was selected for the operating system. IBM wanted Microsoft to retain ownership of whatever software it developed, according to task force member Jack Sams, The reasons were internal. We had a problem being sued by people claiming we had stolen their stuff. It could be expensive for us to have our programmers look at code that belonged to someone else because they would then come back and say we stole it. We had lost a series of suits on this, and so we didnt want to have a product which was clearly someone elses product worked on by IBM people and we went to Microsoft on the proposition that we wanted this to be their product. IBM first contacted Microsoft to look the company over in July 1980, negotiations continued over the next months, and the paperwork was officially signed in early November. Although IBM expected that most customers would use PC DOS, The IBM PC also supported CP/M-86, which became available six months after PC DOS, and UCSD p-System operating systems. IBMs expectation proved correct, one found that 96. 3% of PCs were ordered with the $40 PC-DOS compared to 3. 4% for the $240 CP/M-86. Microsoft first licensed, then purchased 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products, ORear got 86-DOS to run on the prototype PC in February 1981. 86-DOS had to be converted from 8-inch to 5. 25-inch floppy disks and integrated with the BIOS, IBM had more people writing requirements for the computer than Microsoft had writing code. ORear often felt overwhelmed by the number of people he had to deal with at the ESD facility in Boca Raton, 86-DOS was rebranded IBM PC DOS1.0 for its August 1981 release with the IBM PC. The initial version of DOS was largely based on CP/M-801. x and most of its architecture, function calls, the most significant difference was the fact that it introduced a different file system, FAT12. Unlike all later DOS versions, the DATE and TIME commands were separate rather than part of COMMAND. COM. Single-sided 160 kilobyte 5.25 floppies were the only disk format supported, in late 1981 Paterson, now at Microsoft, began writing PC DOS1.10. It debuted in May 1982 along with the Revision B IBM PC, support for the new double-sided drives was added, allowing 320 kB per disk
31.
Super Nintendo Entertainment System
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In Japan, the system is called the Super Famicom, or SFC for short. In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics, although each version is essentially the same, several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another. It was released in Brazil on September 2,1992, by Playtronic, the SNES is Nintendos second home console, following the Nintendo Entertainment System. The console introduced advanced graphics and sound compared with other systems at the time. The development of a variety of enhancement chips integrated in game cartridges helped to keep it competitive in the marketplace. The SNES remained popular well into the 32-bit era, and continues to be popular among fans, collectors, retro gamers, and emulation enthusiasts, some of whom still make homebrew ROM images. To compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, the two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics, however, it took several years for Segas system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21,1990 for 25,000 yen. The systems release also gained the attention of the Yakuza, leading to a decision to ship the devices at night to avoid robbery, with the Super Famicom quickly outselling its chief rivals, Nintendo reasserted itself as the leader of the Japanese console market. Nintendos success was due to its retention of most of its key third-party developers from its earlier system, including Capcom, Konami, Tecmo, Square, Koei. Nintendo released the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, a version of the Super Famicom. It began shipping in limited quantities on August 23,1991, the SNES was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland in April 1992 for £150, with a German release following a few weeks later. Most of the PAL region versions of the use the Japanese Super Famicom design, except for labeling. The Playtronic Super NES in Brazil, although PAL, uses the North American design, both the NES and SNES were released in Brazil in 1993 by Playtronic, a joint venture between the toy company Estrela and consumer electronics company Gradiente. The SNES and Super Famicom launched with few games, but these games were received in the marketplace. In Japan, only two games were available, Super Mario World and F-Zero. In North America, Super Mario World launched as a bundle with the console, and other titles include F-Zero, Pilotwings, SimCity
32.
Darkstalkers: The Night Warriors
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It was ported to the PlayStation by Psygnosis in 1996. Darkstalkers, The Night Warriors features ten characters and two non-playable boss characters as the final opponents of single-player mode. The game uses the gameplay system Capcom developed for the Street Fighter II series, the powerful alien demon Pyron invades Earth to add to his collection of planets that he has devoured. The worlds most fearsome monsters who are the last defense of mankind, the game originally began development when Capcom decided to make another fighting game using their Street Fighter II engine. Capcom entrusted the PlayStation conversion of the game to Psygnosis due to Capcoms inexperience with the PlayStation hardware, a cancelled Sega 32X version was planned at one point. Darkstalkers was originally released in the Japanese arcades on June 30,1994, the game was ported for the PlayStation in 1996, converted by Psygnosis. This version featured a new opening theme, Trouble Man by Eikichi Yazawa, the game was included in Vampire, Darkstalkers Collection, a compilation of all five Darkstalkers arcade games that were released in Japan only for the PlayStation 2 in 2005. In 2011, the PS One version was released for the PlayStation Network, several licensed tie-ins were released for the game in Japan, including, Books All About Vampire, a guide book by Dempa Shinbunsha. Vampire no Subete, a book published by Keibunsha as part of their Encyclopedia series. Vampire, an issue of Shinseishas book/magazine Gamest Mook. The Very Best of Vampire, a book written by Famitsu staff. Mystery of Vampire, backstory/setting essay book co-authored by Gamest and Capcom, Vampire, Midnight Flyer, a novel written by Rei Isaki and published by Famitsu. Comic books Vampire, Messenger of the End, a manga by Hiroaki Wakamiya. Vampire Comic Anthology and Vampire Comic Anthology Vol.2, a manga collection of short stories by several authors in the Gamest Comics series. Vampire, The Night Warriors, a collection of short stories published by Hobby Japan Comics. Vampire 4-Koma Ketteiban, a Gamest yonkoma manga featuring works by fans and established artists, Vampire, a yonkoma manga published by Hinotama Game Comics as part of their 4-Koma Gag Battle series. Darkstalkers, The Night Warriors, a manhua series. Other EX Vampire ~Night Warriors~, a drama CD by published by MediaWorks, Vampire Arcade Game Tracks, official soundtrack CD published by Sony Records
33.
X-Men: Children of the Atom (video game)
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X-Men, Children of the Atom is an arcade game that was produced by Capcom and originally released on the CP System II arcade hardware in 1994. Based on the X-Men comic book, it is the first fighting game produced by Capcom using characters under license from Marvel Comics, released around the time of the mid-1990s X-Men animated series, the game features voice actors from the series reprising their roles. The games plot is based on the Fatal Attractions story from the comics - players control one of the X-Men or their enemies in their fight against the villain Magneto. They face each of the characters in the game in best of three one-on-one fighting matches, before battling Juggernaut and then Magneto himself. The gameplay has much in common with Capcoms previous fighting games, Super Street Fighter II Turbo, Children of the Atom adds a combo system that features long combos that can even be performed in mid-air. Also featured in the game are various tactical maneuvers, including the ability for characters to roll, Children of the Atom also introduced multi-tiered fighting environments in which the ground would crumble and characters would fall into lower parts of the level. These concepts and the fast pace of the game would provide the basis for Capcoms Marvel vs. Capcom series, ports of the game were released for the Sega Saturn, PlayStation and personal computers. Of these, the PlayStation version was not as well received as the versions, suffering from slowdown. X-Men follows the same fighting game controls and conventions Capcom previously established with the Street Fighter II games, the player can choose between one of six X-Men members or four of their enemies and proceed to compete in a series of best-two-out-of-three one-on-one matches. The player has an X-Power gauge that builds as the player performs regular or special moves, X-Power gauge starts at Lv.1 and reaches Lv.2 when it becomes half-full and an Aura will begin to surround the players character until it becomes full and reaches MAX level. Players can then perform an X-Ability, which consumes a portion of the X-Power gauge, or a Hyper X. Breaking ones fall from a throw or performing a counter-throw will also consume a portion of the X-Power gauge when performed, after selecting a character, the player can choose between manual or automatic blocking. By selecting to automatically block attacks, some features will not be available during gameplay, the single-player mode consists of six CPU-controlled opponents and two non-playable boss characters. Unlike some games, the player cannot play against a clone of their own character, Akuma from Super Street Fighter II Turbo appears in the single-player mode as a secret opponent at the sixth match if the requirements are met. The game is based on the Fatal Attractions storyline. With the promise of a planet, the X-Mens most formidable foes join forces with Magneto. The secret character Akuma is very similar to his SSFII Turbo incarnation, including his character sprite and his stage is the Danger Room. He is selectable via a code at the select screen
34.
Street Fighter (1994 film)
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Street Fighter is a 1994 Japanese-American action film written and directed by Steven E. de Souza. The film altered the plot of the game and motives of the Street Fighter characters. It also significantly lightened the tone of the adaptation, inserting several comical interludes, the film was a commercial success, making approximately three times its production costs, but was panned by critics and by fans of the games. However, Raúl Juliás performance as General M. Bison was widely praised and garnered him a nomination for Best Supporting Actor at the Saturn Awards, Julia, who at the time was suffering from stomach cancer, took the role at the request of his two children. This was Julias final posthumous theatrical performance, and he died two months before the films release, the film is dedicated to his memory. Two video game based on the film were released which used digitized footage of the actors performing fight moves. Guile refuses and vows to track Bison down, but his assistant, Sergeant Cammy is only able to pinpoint Bisons location to the river-delta region outside the city. One of the hostages is Guiles close friend, Carlos Charlie Blanka, though Charlie is severely disfigured by the procedure, Dhalsim secretly alters his cerebral programming to maintain Charlies humanity. Meanwhile, travelling con artists Ryu Hoshi and Ken Masters attempt to swindle arms dealer Viktor Sagat by providing him with fake weaponry. Sagat sees through the ruse and has Ryu fight his cage champion, Vega, in the prison grounds, Guile witnesses Ryu and Ken fighting against Sagats men, and recruits them to help him find Bison in exchange for their freedom, since Sagat is Bisons arms supplier. They are entrusted with a device and win Sagats trust by staging a prison escape. In order to maintain Bisons trust, Ryu and Ken stop the assassination and reveal Chun Li, Honda, upon returning to his base, Bison inducts Ryu, Ken and Vega into his organization and orders Honda and Balrog imprisoned and Chun-Li taken to his quarters. Ryu and Ken break Balrog and Honda out of confinement and rush to confront Bison, who is fighting Chun-Li, meanwhile, Guile plans his assault on Bisons base. He is briefly impeded by the Deputy Secretary of the A. N. who informs Guile that the decision has made to pay Bison the ransom. At the base, Dhalsim is found by a security guard, Guile arrives shortly thereafter and sneaks into the lab, where Charlie begins strangling him. Charlie stops when he recognizes Guile, horrified at what his friend has become, Guile prepares to kill Charlie, to end his suffering, but Dhalsim stops him. N. forces arrive. After ordering Ryu, Ken, Chun-Li, Honda and Balrog to find and rescue the hostages, as Guile and Bison fight, Ryu and Ken are confronted by Sagat and Vega, and only barely manage to defeat them. Bisons computer expert, Dee Jay steals Bisons trunk of money and escapes, Bisons bodyguard, Zangief, engages Honda in a vicious fight until learning from Dee Jay that Bison was the true enemy, and decides to join sides with Ryu and Ken
35.
Resident Evil (film)
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Resident Evil is a 2002 German-British science fiction action horror film written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson and produced by Bernd Eichinger. The film stars Milla Jovovich and Michelle Rodriguez and it is the first installment in the Resident Evil film series, which is loosely based on the Capcom survival horror video game series Resident Evil. Alongside Jovovich and Rodriguez, it also stars Eric Mabius, James Purefoy, Martin Crewes and it is produced by Bernd Eichinger and by Anderson himself. The film received mixed reviews from critics but some highly praised Jovovich and the cast performances as well as the action sequences and it was a box office success, grossing more than $100 million worldwide. Underneath Raccoon City exists a research facility called the Hive. A thief steals the genetically engineered T-virus and contaminates the Hive with it, in response, the facilitys artificial intelligence, the Red Queen, seals the Hive and kills everyone inside. Alice awakens naked in the bathroom of a mansion with amnesia. She dresses, checks the mansion, and is subdued by an unknown person, a group of Sanitation Team commandos led by James Shade breaks into the mansion and arrests Matt Addison, who just transferred as a cop in Raccoon P. D. The group travels to the train under the mansion that leads to the Hive. At the Queens chamber, a defense system kills Shade. Despite the Red Queens urgent pleas for the group to leave, Kaplan disables the Red Queen systems, and this releases the zombified staff and containment units containing Lickers. When everyone regroups, they are ambushed by a horde of zombies, J. D. perishes as the group becomes overwhelmed. A bitten Rain retreats with Kaplan and Spence, Matt becomes separated from Alice, Matt looks for information about his sister Lisa and finds her zombified. Alice saves him, and Matt explains he and Lisa were environmental activists, Alice remembers she was Lisas contact in the Hive but does not tell Matt. The survivors reunite at the Queens chamber, and the commandos explain they have one hour before the Hive traps them inside automatically, Alice and Kaplan activate the Red Queen to find an exit. To force her cooperation, they rig a remote shutdown, as they escape through maintenance tunnels, zombies ambush them, and a reanimated J. D. bites Rain before getting killed. The group reaches safety, but Kaplan is bitten and separated, Alice remembers that an anti-virus is in the lab, but they find it missing. Spence remembers he stole and released the virus and he hid the T-virus and anti-virus on the train
36.
Nyu Media
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Nyu Media Ltd. is a video game publisher known for localizing Japanese independent dōjin soft games into English. They were established in 2011 and released two batches of dōjin games that spanned genres including shoot em ups, beat em ups, platformers, adventure games, nyu Media Limited announced its first titles as a video game publisher in November 2011. A month later, the company partnered with Capcom to publish, nyu saw the partnership as a means for legitimizing the doujin community. The games were released for Microsoft Windows via services such as Steam, GamersGate, in early 2014, the company announced Gigantic Army, a side-scrolling shooter with 16-bit era graphics. The same year, they brought four games to Steam Greenlight to win support from the Steam community, payPal ultimately released the funds and, following several similar incidents, announced that they would be reforming their crowdfunding policies for the future. Nyu released their first Japanese role-playing game, The Sacred Tears TRUE, in September 2014
37.
DmC: Devil May Cry
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DmC, Devil May Cry is an action-adventure hack and slash video game developed by Ninja Theory and published by Capcom for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows. It is the fifth instalment of the Devil May Cry series, announced in late 2010 during the Tokyo Game Show, the game is set in an alternate reality in the Devil May Cry series. The games story focuses on the player character Dante, a man at the start of his saga. Dante is a Nephilim, half-angel, half-demon and he is partnered with his twin brother, Vergil, and is on a quest to kill the Demon King Mundus, who murdered their mother and condemned their father to banishment. Players can use Dantes iconic sword, Rebellion, and signature handguns, Ebony and Ivory, as well as a variety of melee weapons. The game also introduces Angel Mode and Demon Mode, which are modifiers to Dantes moveset, the re-imagination of the Devil May Cry series was requested by Capcom, resulting in a total reboot. Capcom chose Ninja Theory to develop the game, assisting them to ensure that gameplay was reminiscent, early reaction to the game was widely negative, generally as a result of Dantes visual redesign, nevertheless, DMC received positive reviews from critics upon release. Critics praised the gameplay, art style, and story of the game, the game initially failed to meet Capcoms sales expectations, but Capcom later revealed that the company was satisfied with the sales of the game. A DLC expansion for the game, titled Vergils Downfall, which takes place after the main game, the Definitive Edition and the original PC version were developed by QLOC. DmC, Devil May Cry is an hack and slash video game. Players take on the role of Dante as he uses his powers and weaponry to fight against enemies, like previous games in the series, Dante can perform combos by attacking with his sword, Rebellion, and shooting with his twin pistols, Ebony and Ivory. New to the series are modifiers to Dantes moveset, known as Angel Mode and Devil Mode, when in Angel mode, Dantes sword attacks change to the Osiris, a speedy scythe type weapon, whilst Devil mode uses the slower but more powerful axe, Arbiter. These modes also alter Dantes mobility, using Angel mode allows Dante to pull himself towards enemies and various points in each level, whilst Devil mode lets Dante pull enemies and objects towards him. Dante is also able to dash across large gaps in Angel mode, all of these moves can be used in conjunction with each other to perform massive combos, which are ranked based on the damage the player makes. When enough power has been gathered, Dante can activate Devil Trigger mode, like previous games, Dante can collect various types of souls which can be used to recover health, purchase items and upgrade Dantes moveset. The game is set in a reality of the series. Living on the fringes of the society is Dante, a young man at odds with the demons who constantly hunt him. Dante is warned by a woman named Kat that he is in danger just as a Hunter demon drags him into Limbo
38.
PlayStation 4
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The PlayStation 4 is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It competes with Nintendos Wii U and Microsofts Xbox One, as part of the generation of video game consoles.84 teraflops. The consoles controller was redesigned and improved over the PlayStation 3, with improved buttons and analog sticks. Heightened demand also helped Sony top global console sales, by the end of 2016, more than 53 million consoles have been sold worldwide, with more than 57 million shipped. All models, including the original sold in 2013, support HDR10 high-dynamic-range color, according to lead architect Mark Cerny, development of Sonys fourth video game console began as early as 2008. Less than two earlier, the PlayStation 3 had launched after months of delays due to issues with production. The delay placed Sony almost a year behind Microsofts Xbox 360, PlayStation Europe CEO Jim Ryan said Sony wanted to avoid repeating the same mistake with PS3s successor. In designing the system, Sony worked with software developer Bungie, in 2012, Sony began shipping development kits to game developers, consisting of a modified PC running the AMD Accelerated Processing Unit chipset. These development kits were known as Orbis, in early 2013, Sony announced that an event known as PlayStation Meeting 2013 would be held in New York City, U. S. on February 20,2013, to cover the future of PlayStation. Sony officially announced the PlayStation 4 at the event and it revealed details about the consoles hardware and discussed some of the new features it will introduce. Sony also showed off real-time footage of games in development, as well as some technical demonstrations, the design of the console was unveiled in June 2013 at the Electronic Entertainment Expo, and the initial recommended retail prices of $399, €399, and £349 given. The console was released on November 15,2013 in the United States and Canada, by the end of 2013, the PS4 was launched in more European, Asian and South American countries The PS4 released in Japan at ¥39,980 on February 22,2014. Sony finalized a deal with the Chinese government in May 2014 to sell its products in mainland China, and the PS4 will be the first product to be released. Kazuo Hirai, chief officer of Sony, said in May, The Chinese market. I think that we will be able to replicate the kind of success we have had with PS4 in other parts of the world in China. In September 2015, Sony reduced the price of the PS4 in Japan to ¥34,980, with similar price drops in other Southeast Asian markets. The first official sub £300 PS4 bundle was the £299.99 Uncharted Nathan Drake Collection 500GB, released in the UK on October 9,2015, a 1TB £329.99 version was offered at the same time. On October 9,2015, the first official cut of the PS4 in North America was announced
39.
Xbox One
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The Xbox One is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, Microsoft marketed the device as an all-in-one entertainment system. The Xbox One mainly competes against consoles such as Sonys PlayStation 4, the console optionally includes a redesigned Kinect sensor, marketed as the Kinect 2.0, providing improved motion tracking and voice recognition for use in its graphical user interface and games. The Xbox One offers the ability for users to record and share clips from gameplay or live-stream directly to Twitch, Ustream, the consoles controller was redesigned over the Xbox 360s, with a redesigned body, D-pad and triggers capable of delivering directional haptic feedback. The Xbox One received mostly positive reception for its refined design, multimedia features. Its original user interface was panned for being nonintuitive, although changes made to it and its Kinect received praise for its improved motion-tracking accuracy, its face recognition logins, and its voice commands. A redesigned model known as Xbox One S was released in August 2016, it has a design, native support for 4K video playback and upscaling. It was praised for its size, its on-screen visual improvements, and its lack of an external power supply. Xbox One is the successor to Xbox 360, Microsofts previous video game console, over the years, the 360 had received a number of small hardware revisions to reduce the units size and improve its reliability. Initial hardware for the 360s successor, commonly referred to by the industry as the Xbox 720, was reportedly under development as early as May 2011, the official developer kit was codenamed Durango, and appeared to be available to developers by mid-2012. The console was unveiled under the name Xbox One on May 21,2013 in a press conference designed to cover the units broad multimedia. A second press event for the console was held during E32013, at that time, Microsoft announced that the console would be released in 21 different markets on November 22,2013, but this was later amended down to 13. The change, which pushed the date for the other eight markets to 2014, was attributed to unforeseen complexity in localizing the devices voice recognition capabilities. Later, in September 2014, the Xbox One was released in 26 markets, including remaining markets in Europe, the Japanese market, from the first announcement to the actual launch of the product, Microsoft made some significant changes to the console. These policies were reversed in June 2013, at the time of the security breach, Microsoft was in the development stage for its next-generation gaming system. Between 2011 and 2013, the hackers spent hundreds of hours searching through Microsofts network copying log-in credentials, source code, technical specifications, Group members say they were driven by an immense curiosity about Microsofts then-unreleased Xbox One console and associated software. The original Xbox Ones exterior casing consists of a two-tone liquid black finish, with finished in a matte grey. The matte side of the top of the consists of a large air vent
¥61 billion / US$555.1 million (2017)[2][3]
