Capoeira
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Capoeira is an Afro-Brazilian martial art and game that includes elements of dance, acrobatics, music and spirituality.
Capoeira or the Dance of War by Johann Moritz Rugendas, 1825, published in 1835
Negroes fighting by Augustus Earle, c. 1824. Painting depicting an illegal capoeira-like game in Rio de Janeiro.
San Salvador, 1835, by Rugendas. "The scene is set in a clearing surrounded by tropical vegetation and palm trees, corresponding precisely to the space called capoeira in Brazil."
Capoeiristas outside
Tupi language
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Old Tupi, Ancient Tupi or Classical Tupi is a dead Tupian language which was spoken by the aboriginal Tupi people of Brazil, mostly those who inhabited coastal regions in South and Southeast Brazil. In the words of Brazilian tupinologist Eduardo Navarro, "it is the classical indigenous language of Brazil, and the one which had the utmost importance to the cultural and spiritual formation of the country".
Joseph of Anchieta (1534–1597), the first grammarian of Tupi, as envisioned by Antônio Parreiras
Facsimile of the Art of Grammar of the Most Used Language on the Coast of Brazil
The Lord's Prayer as in the Catechism in the Brasílica Language (1618)