Car dependency
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Car dependency is a pattern in urban planning that occurs when infrastructure favours automobiles over other modes of transport, such as public transport, bicycles, and walking. Car dependency is asso
Auto-oriented development is dependent on auto traffic along a major highway like the Ontario Highway 401 in Toronto. Characteristics of such development, as shown, include large parking lots for businesses and cul-de-sac suburbs.
A parking lot showing significant land usage, at the Staten Island Mall, New York City.
Elevated highway in Ampang, Kuala Lumpur
A diagram showing an inverse correlation between urban density and car use for selected North American cities
Smart growth
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Smart growth is an urban planning and transportation theory that concentrates growth in compact walkable urban centers to avoid sprawl. It also advocates compact, transit-oriented, walkable, bicycle-f
The Ballston neighborhood of Arlington County, Virginia is a transit-oriented development zone, an example of the smart growth concept.
San Diego, California
Green tramway track in Belgrade, Serbia