1.
Orthodox Judaism
–
Orthodox Judaism includes movements such as Modern Orthodox Judaism and Ultra-Orthodox or Haredi Judaism. As of 2001, Orthodox Jews and Jews affiliated with an Orthodox synagogue accounted for approximately 50% of British Jews,26. 5% of Israeli Jews, among those affiliated to a synagogue body, Orthodox Jews represent 70% of British Jewry, and 27% of American Jewry. Orthodoxy is not one single movement or school of thought, there is no single rabbinical body to which all rabbis are expected to belong, or any one organization representing member congregations. In the 20th century, a segment of the Orthodox population disagreed with Modern Orthodoxy, such rabbis viewed innovations and modifications within Jewish law and customs with extreme care and caution. This form of Judaism may be referred to as Haredi Judaism or Ultra-Orthodox Judaism, several local Jewish papers, including New Yorks Jewish Week and Philadelphias Jewish Exponent have also dropped use of the term. According to Rabbi David Bar-Hayim, the term Orthodox Judaism was coined as a response to the rise of Reform Judaism in early 19th century Germany, some researchers attempted to argue that the importance of daily practice and punctilious adherence to Jewish Law relegated theoretical issues to an ancillary status. Others dismissed this view entirely, citing the many debates in ancient rabbinic sources which castigated various heresies without any reference to observance, however, while lacking a uniform doctrine, Orthodox Judaism is basically united in affirming several core beliefs, disavowal of which is considered major blasphemy. As in other aspects, Orthodox positions reflect the mainstream of traditional Rabbinic Judaism through the ages, attempts to codify these were undertaken by several medieval authorities, including Saadia Gaon and Joseph Albo. Yet the 13 Fundamentals expounded by Maimonides in his Commentary on the Mishnah, but in recent centuries the 13 Principles became standard, and are considered binding and cardinal by Orthodox authorities in a virtually universal manner. More specific doctrines refer to the times of Godly salvation and afterlife – in Judaism, Olam haBa and these include belief in divine reward for those who observe the Lords commandments and likewise, punishment meted unto the transgressors. Maimonides reserved one article for this tenet, oft mentioned in sources, stating merely that God rewards. This issue has been subject to debate and interpretation. Nahmanides offered a comprehensive system, with divine remuneration for better or worse both in this world, via natural means, and in a celestial heaven and hell. One of the most important teachings concerning afterlife in Judaism is the Resurrection of the Dead, the Talmud listed deniers of this faith as heretics who shall have no part in the World to Come. Maimoindes specified it apart as a separate article and this particular notion is closely linked with Reward and Punishment. They will live ordinary, corporeal life but will not die, then all mankind shall be resuscitated and be given each his just due. The eternal reward shall be preserved for their soul, as beforehand, preceding the miraculous events linked with afterlife is the Advent of the Messiah, also independently listed among Maimonides Thirteen as a tenet of faith. Orthodox Judaism maintains the historical understanding of Jewish identity, a Jew is someone who was born to a Jewish mother, or who converts to Judaism in accordance with Jewish law and tradition
2.
Cardiff
–
Cardiff is the capital and largest city in Wales and the eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom. The city is the chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media. The unitary authority areas mid-2011 population was estimated to be 346,100, the Cardiff metropolitan area makes up over a third of the total population of Wales, with a mid-2011 population estimate of about 1,100,000 people. Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular destination in Wales with 18.3 million visitors in 2010. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographics alternative tourist destinations, the city of Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan. Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities, the Cardiff Urban Area covers a slightly larger area outside the county boundary, and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city. Cardiff was made a city in 1905, and proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955, since the 1980s, Cardiff has seen significant development. A new waterfront area at Cardiff Bay contains the Senedd building, home to the Welsh Assembly, sporting venues in the city include the Millennium Stadium, SWALEC Stadium, Cardiff City Stadium, Cardiff International Sports Stadium and Cardiff Arms Park. The city was awarded the title of European City of Sport twice, due to its role in hosting major sporting events, first in 2009. The Millennium Stadium hosted 11 football matches as part of the 2012 Summer Olympics, including the opening event. Caerdydd derives from the earlier Welsh form Caerdyf, the change from -dyf to -dydd shows the colloquial alteration of Welsh f and dd, and was perhaps also driven by folk etymology. This sound change had probably first occurred in the Middle Ages, Caerdyf has its origins in post-Roman Brythonic words meaning the fort of the Taff. The fort probably refers to that established by the Romans, the anglicised form Cardiff is derived from Caerdyf, with the Welsh f borrowed as ff /f/, as also happens in Taff and Llandaff. As English does not have the vowel the final vowel has been borrowed as /ɪ/, although some sources repeat this theory, it has been rejected on linguistic grounds by modern scholars such as Professor Gwynedd Pierce. A group of five Bronze Age tumuli is at the summit of The Garth, four Iron Age hill fort and enclosure sites have been identified within Cardiffs present-day county boundaries, including Caerau Hillfort, an enclosed area of 5.1 hectares. The fort was one of a series of military outposts associated with Isca Augusta that acted as border defences, the fort may have been abandoned in the early 2nd century as the area had been subdued. However, by this time a settlement, or vicus, was established
3.
Wales
–
Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and it had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2. Wales has over 1,680 miles of coastline and is mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon. The country lies within the temperate zone and has a changeable. Welsh national identity emerged among the Celtic Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, Llywelyn ap Gruffudds death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of Englands conquest of Wales, though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century. The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542, distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism, Welsh national feeling grew over the century, Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962. Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998, the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, two-thirds of the population live in south Wales, mainly in and around Cardiff, Swansea and Newport, and in the nearby valleys. Now that the countrys traditional extractive and heavy industries have gone or are in decline, Wales economy depends on the sector, light and service industries. Wales 2010 gross value added was £45.5 billion, over 560,000 Welsh language speakers live in Wales, and the language is spoken by a majority of the population in parts of the north and west. From the late 19th century onwards, Wales acquired its popular image as the land of song, Rugby union is seen as a symbol of Welsh identity and an expression of national consciousness. The Old English-speaking Anglo-Saxons came to use the term Wælisc when referring to the Celtic Britons in particular, the modern names for some Continental European lands and peoples have a similar etymology. The modern Welsh name for themselves is Cymry, and Cymru is the Welsh name for Wales and these words are descended from the Brythonic word combrogi, meaning fellow-countrymen. The use of the word Cymry as a self-designation derives from the location in the post-Roman Era of the Welsh people in modern Wales as well as in northern England and southern Scotland. It emphasised that the Welsh in modern Wales and in the Hen Ogledd were one people, in particular, the term was not applied to the Cornish or the Breton peoples, who are of similar heritage, culture, and language to the Welsh. The word came into use as a self-description probably before the 7th century and it is attested in a praise poem to Cadwallon ap Cadfan c. 633. Thereafter Cymry prevailed as a reference to the Welsh, until c.1560 the word was spelt Kymry or Cymry, regardless of whether it referred to the people or their homeland. The Latinised forms of names, Cambrian, Cambric and Cambria, survive as lesser-used alternative names for Wales, Welsh
4.
Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Cardiff
–
Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Cardiff is a Swaminarayan temple located in the Grangetown area of Cardiff, the capital city of Wales. It is the first and largest Hindu temple in Wales and comes under the NarNarayan Dev Gadi of the Swaminarayan Sampraday and it is the first Swaminarayan temple in Wales, purchased in 1979, being opened in 1982. At the time, the temple was located in a converted synagogue, in 1993, it was moved across the road from the original temple site to the current site, replacing an old Irish club. Between 2005 and 2007, the temple underwent major refurbishment work and this included installation of new marble idols in the temple, three white stone spires, an exterior in the style of a traditional Hindu temple and new classrooms and living quarters. The three spires were placed above three new altars inside the building - one for women, one for men, and one mixed, half the original temple was brought down, and replaced. During this period, services took place in a room downstairs while work was under way. Most of the funds for the refurbishment came from donations within the community, the temple also received a grant of £110,000 from the Welsh Assembly Government for the repairs as well as to build disabled access to the temple. The temple has been in the forefront in humanitarian activities, when an earthquake struck Gujarat in 2001, devotees who originated from Gujarat collected £30,000 in just 3 days for victims. The temple priest immediately flew out to oversee relief work, hundreds of bags of clothes were donated by the community and shipped to Bhuj, the capital of Kutch district, the epicenter of the earthquake. The refurbishment was completed in time for the 25th anniversary of the temple in 2007, the event was attended by Acharya Maharajshri Koshalendraprasadji Maharaj, who installed the new idols in the temple. Around 3,000 people took part in a 1.6 mile long procession full of music, colour, the procession went from the civic centre, past Cardiff Castle and the Millennium Stadium to the temple. To promote secularism, representatives of other religions were invited to join in, the procession, which was shown live on the internet, was the culmination of a week of events, held to celebrate the redevelopment of the temple. First Minister for Wales, Rhodri Morgan visited the temple in 2008 to celebrate the occasion of Diwali, Mr Morgan was given a tour of the newly refurbished temple. During his visit, Mr Morgan presented young boys with traditional new year’s day gifts, while girls were given their gifts by Grangetown Councillor. A musical performance was put up by the temple for the event and there was a highlight of the Diwali celebrations for guests, the event was also attended by police students from the South Wales Police, who wished to learn more about the Hindu religion and its customs. Shree Swaminarayan Temple Cardiff Shree Swaminarayan Temple Cardiff 25th Anniversary celebrations in Images
5.
Jonathan Sacks
–
Jonathan Henry Sacks, Baron Sacks is a British rabbi, philosopher and scholar of Judaism. He served as the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth from 1991 to 2013, as Chief Rabbi, Sacks formally carried the title of Av Beit Din of the London Beth Din. He has also appointed as Professor of Law, Ethics. He won the Templeton Prize for 2016, born in London on 8 March 1948, Sacks commenced his formal education at St Marys Primary School and at Christs College Finchley. He completed his education at Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge where he gained a first-class Honours Degree in Philosophy. While a student at Cambridge, Sacks traveled to New York to meet Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, to discuss a variety of issues relating to religion, faith, Schneerson urged Sacks to seek rabbinic ordination and to enter the rabbinate. Sacks subsequently continued his studies at New College, Oxford as well as at Kings College London, Sacks received his rabbinic ordination from Jews College and Londons Etz Chaim Yeshiva. He married Elaine in 1970 and together they had three children, Joshua, Dina and Gila and his first rabbinic appointment was as the Rabbi for the Golders Green synagogue in London. In 1983 he became Rabbi of the prestigious Marble Arch synagogue in Central London, between 1984 and 1990 Sacks also served as Principal of Jews College, the worlds oldest rabbinical seminary. Dr. Sacks was inducted to serve as Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth on 1 September 1991, Sacks became a Knight Bachelor in the Queens Birthday Honours in 2005 for services to the Community and to Inter-faith Relations. He was made an Honorary Freeman of the London Borough of Barnet in September 2006, on 13 July 2009 the House of Lords Appointments Commission announced that Sacks was recommended for a life peerage with a seat in the House of Lords. He took the title Baron Sacks of Aldgate in the City of London and his most recent secular book – The Great Partnership, God, Science and the Search for Meaning – was published in July 2011. A number of his books have won awards, including the Grawemeyer Prize for Religion in 2004 for The Dignity of Difference. His Covenant & Conversation commentaries on the weekly Torah portion are read by thousands of people in Jewish communities around the world, Sacks contributions to wider British society have also been recognised. He was invited to the wedding of Prince William of Wales, the first figure was the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson who was fully aware of the problem of the missing Jews. Inventing the idea, revolutionary in its time, of Jewish outreach, Sacks argued that for Rav Soloveichik Jewish philosophy, he said, had to emerge from halakhah, Jewish law. Jewish thought and Jewish practice were not two different things but the same thing seen from different perspectives, halakhah was a way of living a way of thinking about the world – taking abstract ideas and making them real in everyday life. The third figure was Rabbi Nachum Rabinovitch, a principal of the London School of Jewish Studies
6.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
7.
United Synagogue
–
The United Synagogue is a union of British Orthodox Jewish synagogues, representing the central Orthodox movement in Judaism. With 64 congregations, comprising 40,000 members, it is the largest synagogue body in Europe, leaders of the organization included Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, who served as president in 1910. Today, the Federation serves 21 synagogues, compared to the United Synagogues 64, there are also numerous orthodox synagogues in Britain, including Haredi, Chabad, and others, unaffiliated with United Synagogue. Since 1990, central Orthodoxy has declined from 66 percent to 55 percent of total congregants, young US - programs for young adults. A Beit Din - a religious court to decide halakhic matters, certification of Kashrut under the auspices of the London Beth Din. Burial services, including the maintenance of several cemeteries, educational material provided by We Believe in Israel, the grassroots initiative of BICOM. United Synagogue is a supporter of Israel. The organisation sponsors trips to Israel for members and youth, distributes information packages about Israel from its website, in October 2014, it urged its members to lobby members of Parliament to oppose a motion to recognise the State of Palestine. Activities are financed mostly from donations and gifts, and from dues paid by member synagogues. Some revenues are generated from some £80 million in assets and investments, United Synagogue is one of 29 members of the Jewish Leadership Council, a British umbrella organisation. It also elects deputies to the Board of Deputies of British Jews, list of chief rabbis of the United Kingdom History of the Jews in England Apple, Raymond. Apple, Raymond, ed. Nathan Marcus Adler—Chief Rabbi, by Rabbi Raymond Apple
8.
Rabbi
–
In Judaism, a rabbi /ˈræbaɪ/ is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word רַבִּי rabi, meaning My Master, the word master רב rav literally means great one. The basic form of the rabbi developed in the Pharisaic and Talmudic era, the first sage for whom the Mishnah uses the title of rabbi was Yohanan ben Zakkai, active in the early to mid first century CE. Within the various Jewish denominations there are different requirements for rabbinic ordination, for example, Orthodox Judaism does not ordain women as rabbis, but other movements have chosen to do so for halakhic reasons as well as ethical reasons. Although the usage rabbim many the majority, the multitude occurs for the assembly of the community in the Dead Sea scrolls there is no evidence to support an association with the later title Rabbi, the root is cognate to Arabic ربّ rabb, meaning lord. As a sign of respect, some great rabbis are simply called The Rav. The titles Rabban and Rabbi are first mentioned in the Mishnah, the term was first used for Rabban Gamaliel the elder, Rabban Simeon his son, and Rabban Johanan ben Zakkai, all of whom were patriarchs or presidents of the Sanhedrin. The title Rabbi occurs in the books of Matthew, Mark, and John in the New Testament, other variants are rəvī and, in Yiddish, rebbə. The word could be compared to the Syriac word ܪܒܝ rabi, in ancient Hebrew, rabbi was a proper term of address while speaking to a superior, in the second person, similar to a vocative case. While speaking about a superior, in the person one could say ha-rav or rabbo. Later, the term evolved into a title for members of the Patriarchate. Thus, the title gained an irregular form, רַבָּנִים rabbanim. Rabbi as a title does not appear in the Hebrew Bible. All of the above personalities would have expected to be steeped in the wisdom of the Torah and the commandments. And honor is due only for Torah, as it is said, The wise shall inherit honor, and only Torah is truly good, as it is said, I have given you a good teaching, do not forsake My Torah. This was eventually encoded and codified within the Mishnah and Talmud and subsequent rabbinical scholarship, the title Rabbi was borne by the sages of ancient Israel, who were ordained by the Sanhedrin in accordance with the custom handed down by the elders. They were titled Ribbi and received authority to judge penal cases, Rab was the title of the Babylonian sages who taught in the Babylonian academies. After the suppression of the Patriarchate and Sanhedrin by Theodosius II in 425, a recognised scholar could be called Rab or Hacham, like the Babylonian sages
9.
Ephraim Mirvis
–
Ephraim Mirvis is an Orthodox rabbi who serves as the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth. Traditionally the post has entailed that he serves as the head of all Jews as the Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom. He served as the Chief Rabbi of Ireland between 1985 and 1992, Mirvis was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1956, the son of Rabbi Dr. Lionel and Freida Mirvis. His father was the Rabbi of the Claremont and the Wynberg Hebrew Congregations in Cape Town. He also served as Rabbi in Benoni for a while and his grandfather, Lazar Mirvis, was a Jewish Minister in Johannesburg. Mirvis attended Herzlia High School in Cape Town from 1968 to 1973, after moving to Israel in 1973, Mirvis studied at Yeshivat Kerem BYavneh from 1973 to 1976 and Yeshivat Har Etzion from 1976 to 1978. He studied at Machon Ariel in Jerusalem from 1978 to 1980, Mirvis has a deep interest in chazanut and has studied voice and Jewish cantorial music in Jerusalem. He has also certified as a shochet and mohel. He is a supporter of Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, in 1982, Mirvis was appointed Rabbi of Dublins Adelaide Road Synagogue and Chief Rabbi of Ireland in 1985, serving at this post until 1992. From 1992 to 1996 he was the rabbi of the Western Marble Arch Synagogue in London, after the holder of the position, Rabbi Jonathan Sacks. In May 1996, Mirvis was appointed rabbi at the Finchley United Synagogue, also known as Kinloss, Mirvis is the founder rabbi and honorary principal of Morasha Jewish Primary School and founder and President of the Kinloss Community Kollel. While living in Ireland, Mirvis was Chairman of the Board of Governors of Stratford Jewish Schools, in Dublin, Mirvis has been a member of the Steering Committee of the Conference of European Rabbis since 1986. Mirvis has been the Religious Advisor to the Jewish Marriage Council since 1997 and he has served on the Council of the London School of Jewish Studies, on the Steering Committee of the Encounter Conference and the Singer’s Prayer Book Publications Committee. He has been a member of the Chief Rabbi’s Cabinet since 1996 and was Chairman of the Rabbinical Council of the United Synagogue from 1999 to 2002, Mirvis served as the President of the Irish Council of Christians and Jews from 1985 to 1992. He has participated in dialogue with Church leaders in the UK at Windsor Castle, in 2005 he addressed a CCJ meeting at the Synod of the Church of England. Mirvis was the first United Synagogue rabbi to host an address by an imam, Dr. Mohammed Essam El-Din Fahim, Mirvis was named the successor to Lord Sacks as Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth on 17 December 2012. Mirvis took office on 1 September 2013 and his appointment was welcomed by the Conference of European Rabbis. Jeremy Newmark, chief executive of the Jewish Leadership Council in the UK, called the appointment “immensely popular. ”Laura Janner-Klausner, I look forward to working closely with him as a partner on areas of common interests to the Jewish and wider community. The Orthodox Union in the United States also welcomed Mirvis’s selection as the Chief Rabbi, as Chief Rabbi of Ireland and before the opening of an Israeli Embassy in Ireland, he represented Israel’s interests at government level and in the media
10.
Hermann Adler
–
Rabbi Hermann Adler HaKohen CVO was the Chief Rabbi of the British Empire from 1891 to 1911. The son of Nathan Marcus Adler, the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica writes that he raised the position to one of much dignity and importance. Born in Hanover, like his father, he had both an education and a university education in Germany, and like him he subscribed to a modernised orthodoxy. He attended University College School in London from 1852–54 and rabbinical college in Prague and he graduated from Leipzig in 1862 with a PhD. He later received degrees from Scottish and English universities, including Oxford. In 1909 he was appointed a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order, once he was having a lunch with British Catholic cardinal Herbert Vaughan. The cardinal asked the rabbi Now, Dr. Adler, when may I have the pleasure of helping you to some ham, the rabbi responded, At Your Eminences wedding. Adler wrote extensively on topics of Anglo-Jewish history and published two volumes of sermons and he was a vigorous defender of his co-religionists and their faith, as well as their sacred scriptures. He is buried in the Willesden United Synagogue Cemetery in London, list of British Jews Hermann Adler at Find a Grave Hermann Adler, Chief Rabbi Articles on the British Chief Rabbinate
11.
Nathan Marcus Adler
–
Rabbi Nathan Marcus HaKohen Adler was the Orthodox Chief Rabbi of the British Empire from 1845 until his death. A kohen by birth, Rabbi Nathan was born in Hanover and he was apparently named after the kabbalist Nathan Adler. He subscribed to what was known as the Frankfurter Orthodoxy, out of 13 candidates, mostly from Germany, he made the short list of four for the post of Chief Rabbi of the British Empire. The three others were, Samson Raphael Hirsch, Benjamin Hirsch Auerbach, Hirsch Hirschfeld, with 135 communities voting having one vote each, on 1 December 1844, Adler received 121 votes, Hirschfeld 12, and Hirsch 2. Adler was instrumental in bringing together the United Synagogue, established by Act of Parliament in 1870, as of 2006, this remains the largest religious grouping within the British Jewish community, and takes its religious authority from the Chief Rabbi. His monumental work is the commentary Netinah LaGer on the Targum Onkelos, Adler is buried at the US cemetery in Willesden. Adler Street, in London E1, was named after him and his elder son, Marcus Nathan Adler was involved in scholarly activities such as writing, editing, and translating. For instance, in 1907 his critical text, translation, and commentary of Benjamin of Tudelas important medieval manuscript, a Life on the Stage, A Memoir. Translated and with commentary by Lulla Rosenfeld, Dictionary of National Biography,1901 supplement. Deutsch, Gotthard, Adler, Nathan, Jewish Encyclopedia, on the kabbalist Adler, a Supplement to Allibones Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors. Lipkind, Goodman, Adler, Nathan Marcus, Jewish Encyclopedia, celebrities of the Century, Being a Dictionary of Men and Women of the Nineteenth Century. Chief Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler, Jewish Educator from Germany, Nathan Marcus Adler at Find a Grave Article on the British Chief Rabbinate Biography of Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler
12.
Asher Asher
–
Asher Asher, born in Glasgow, was the first Scottish Jew to enter the medical profession. The only book he published was The Jewish Rite of Circumcision, Asher Asher was educated at the Royal High School. He was a prominent member of the local Jewish congregation, as its Honorary Secretary, then, he abandoned for studying medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating as Doctor of Medicine in 1856, as the first Jewish doctor of Scotland. He practiced at Glasgow and the nearby Bishopbriggs, a mining town, in 1862, Asher Asher moved to London and became medical officer of the Jewish Board of Guardians, where he helped providing medical care for poor Jews, beside the founder, Dr. Canstatt. In 1866 was appointed secretary of the Great Synagogue, about this time the idea of a union of the various London synagogues had been put forward, chiefly by Lionel L. Cohen, and Asher devoted himself to the project with intense energy. This office he retained until his death, owing to Ashers intimate relations with the Rothschilds, in his capacity of medical attendant, unofficial almoner, and personal friend, his advice was generally followed by them in communal matters. He was connected with a number of institutions in the London community. Looking for better conditions for Jewish immigrants, Asher undertook journeys to Palestine, the United States, particularly, Asher was pledged about the Jewish communities of Eastern Europe. After the visit to Palestine he also wrote a report on the condition of affairs in Jerusalem and his sympathetic nature attracted to him most of the young men of ability of the rising generation, and upon them he exerted great influence. Asher wrote much for the Jewish press, chiefly under the pen-name Aliquis, at the entrance of the Garnethill Synagogue, a plaque remembers Asher Asher. Since 1910, the University of Glasgow awards the Asher Asher Memorial Medal and Prize, annually for its Ear, Nose, Asher Asher is buried in the Willesden United Synagogue Cemetery, at London. This article incorporates text from a now in the public domain, Singer, Isidore. New York, Funk & Wagnalls Company, short biography, at the University of Glasgow Asher Asher, at Findagrave. com
13.
Israel Brodie
–
Sir Israel Brodie KBE was the Chief Rabbi of Great Britain and the Commonwealth 1948–1965. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford and he served as a Rabbi of Melbourne Hebrew Congregation in Australia from 1923-1937 and was influential in establishing the Zionist Federation of Australia in 1927. He was evacuated from Dunkirk, and finished the War as Senior Jewish Chaplain aka Forces Rabbi and he became Chief Rabbi soon after the war at the age of 53 when he faced a difficult time due to the ending of the British Mandate in Palestine. He presided over the expansion of the United Synagogue. A dignified man of great presence, he was regarded as a mellifluous preacher and he had impeccable English connections and was a freemason, rising to the senior appointment of Grand Chaplain in the United Grand Lodge of England. Through the Conference of European Rabbis, which he founded and led, Brodie banned Rabbi Dr Louis Jacobs, who questioned the orthodox notion that the Bible had been written by the hand of God, from becoming principal of Jews College. Kovno and Oxford, Israel Brodie and His Rabbinical Career Rabbi Israel Brodie -75 Years Later The British Chief Rabbinate
14.
Moses Hyamson
–
Rabbi Moses Hyamson was an Orthodox rabbi, former head Dayan of the London Beth Din and between 1911 and 1913, acting Chief Rabbi of the British Empire. He was renowned as a highly learned Hebrew scholar, author, translator, leader, Rabbi Hyamson was born in Suvalk, Russia, he emigrated to England in 1864. He was educated in Talmud by his father, Rabbi Nathan Haimsohn and he married Sara Gordon at the Great Synagogue in London in 1892. Rabbi Hyamson was ordained as Rabbi by Rabbi Hermann Adler through Jews College and he also received several degrees from University College London. He received a Bachelor of Arts in 1882, a Bachelor of Laws in 1900, Rabbi Hyamson served as a Rabbi in Swansea, Bristol and Dalston, becoming a dayan of the London Beth Din. He was one of the eulogisers at the funeral of Rabbi Eliezer Gordon in 1910 and he was the rival candidate of Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz for the permanent post of Chief Rabbi of the British Empire, in 1913, Rabbi Hyamson was elected Rabbi of Congregation Orach Chaim in New York. He received a contract and served his community until his death in 1949. His distinguished leadership contributed significantly to Jewish life in America and overseas, Rabbi Hyamson founded the Board of Milah in New York in 1914, which grew to encompass Mohel certification, conferences on circumcision, and published studies. He was also a leader of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America. He helped in the founding of a local Hebrew school and the formation of the Central Relief Committee of the Agudas HaRabbanim, the committee was the first of three organisations which developed into the Joint Distribution Committee. Rabbi Hyamson led the battle to preserve shechita in America and he was president and a leading founder of The League for Safeguarding the Fixity of the Sabbath. He helped prevent the legislation of Calendar Reform, which on a level would have created a wandering Sabbath. Rabbi Hyamson met with President Herbert Hoover, and addressed Congress, notwithstanding his formidably Orthodox credentials, Rabbi Hyamson was appointed Professor Emeritus of Codes at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America in 1915, serving until 1940. The divide at that time between Orthodox Judaism and the wings of Conservative Judaism was not vast. Rabbi Hyamson translated Duties of the Heart, Books I of Maimonidess Mishneh Torah and he authored The Oral Law and numerous other writings on Jewish issues of the day. Congregation Orach Chaim history Obituary in American Jewish Year Book 1950
15.
Immanuel Jakobovits, Baron Jakobovits
–
Immanuel Jakobovits, Baron Jakobovits was the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth from 1967 to 1991. Prior to this, he had served as Chief Rabbi of Ireland, in addition to his official duties he was regarded as an authority in medical ethics from a Jewish standpoint. He was knighted in 1981 and became the first Chief Rabbi to enter the House of Lords in 1988 as Baron Jakobovits, Jakobovits was born in Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany, where his father Julius was a community rabbi. The family moved to Berlin in the 1920s, where his father became rabbinical judge on the beth din of the Grossgemeinde and he also studied in Jews College and the University of London. He married Amélie Munk of Paris, the daughter of a prominent rabbi, lady Jakobovits died in May 2010, and was buried alongside her husband, on Jerusalems Mount of Olives. His first position was as rabbi of the Brondesbury synagogue, in 1949, at the relatively young age of 27, he was appointed Chief Rabbi of the declining Jewish community of Ireland. He held this position until his retirement in 1991 and he was knighted on 22 July 1981 and was created a life peer on 5 February 1988, as Baron Jakobovits, of Regents Park in Greater London, becoming the first rabbi to receive this honour. In 1987 he was given a Lambeth DD by the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1991 he received the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion. In the House of Lords he became known as a campaigner for traditional morality, lord Jakobovits died of a cerebral haemorrhage on 31 October 1999, and was buried on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. Rabbi Jakobovits was also the president of the Conference of European Rabbis, Jakobovits was a firm adherent of the German-Jewish Torah im Derech Eretz philosophy, having a broad knowledge of religious subjects as well as secular culture and philosophy. This made him a spokesperson for Orthodox Judaism, as he was able to transmit ideas to a wide audience which would otherwise not have achieved dissemination. Rabbi Jakobovits was the most prominent figure in 20th century Jewish medical ethics, a subdiscipline in applied ethics which he created. His speciality was the interaction between medical ethics and halakha, likewise, he is credited with popularizing the fact that Judaism supports the nearly absolute sanctity of life. His political stance was conservative, and he was close to Margaret Thatcher. When a Church of England report titled Faith in the City was published in December 1985 criticising Mrs. Thatchers policies, Jakobovits argued that work rather than welfare should be the over-riding aim of government policy, Cheap labour is better than a free dole. More controversially, Jakobovits contended that inner-city black people should learn from Jewish experiences in America, within Judaism, he held mildly Zionistic views. He maintained that sooner or later Israel would need to negotiate the territory it conquered during the Six Day War, lord Jakobovits, the Authorized Biography of the Chief Rabbi. London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Limit 1990, Jewish medical ethics, a comparative and historical study of the Jewish religious attitude to medicine and its practice
16.
Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild
–
Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild of Tring, Baron de Rothschild, GCVO PC, was a British banker and politician from the wealthy international Rothschild family. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was a friend of the Prince of Wales, on 16 April 1867, he married Emma Louise von Rothschild, a cousin from the Rothschild banking family of Germany in Frankfurt. They had three children, Lionel Walter Evelina Rothschild-Behrens Nathaniel Charles In 1847, his uncle Anthony Nathan de Rothschild was created 1st Baronet de Rothschild, since Sir Anthony had no male heirs, the baronetcy passed on his death to his nephew Nathan Mayer Rothschild. In 1885, Rothschild became a member of the House of Lords when he was created Baron Rothschild, of Tring in the County of Hertford and he also was Baron de Rothschild in the Austrian Empire, a noble title he had inherited via his father. In 1838, Queen Victoria had authorized the use of this Austrian title in the United Kingdom, Rothschild sat in the House of Commons as Liberal Member of Parliament for Aylesbury from 1865 to 1885. He was elected at least four times before he was permitted to sit in the Commons, as a religious Jew, he was unable to enter public life. Benjamin Disraeli stood for equality for Jews before the law and, when Rothschild finally entered the chamber, he moved to the Conservative benches to shake his opponent by the hand. One of the most important consequences for the emancipation of the Jews was that these freedoms were written into the Second Reform Act. When he was raised to the peerage by Gladstone, Rothschild was the first Jewish member of the House of Lords not to have converted to Christianity. In common with the rest of his family, Rothschild joined the breakaway Liberal Unionist Party formed in 1886 by Joseph Chamberlain, are we to have all ways of reform, financial and social, blocked, simply by a notice-board, No Thoroughfare. Rothschild recommended the Lords reject the Parliament Bill which was, however, in 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, Rothschild was consulted for economic advice by Lloyd George. At his first invitation to confer at the Treasury, when asked what could be done to more money for the war effort, Rothschild reportedly answered, Tax the rich. The peerage was inherited by his son, Lionel Walter Rothschild and he worked as a partner in the London branch of the family bank, N M Rothschild & Sons, and became head of the bank after his fathers death in 1879. During his tenure, he also maintained its pre-eminent position in private venture finance and in issuing loans to the governments of the US, following the Rothschilds funding of the Suez Canal, a close relationship was maintained with Benjamin Disraeli and affairs in Egypt. Rothschild also funded Cecil Rhodes in the development of the British South Africa Company and he later administered Rhodes estate after Rhodes death in 1902 and helped to set up the Rhodes Scholarship scheme at the University of Oxford. He was a prominent member of the Round Table movement, created in 1909 and he also served as a trustee of the London Mosque Fund until his death. In his youth, Rothschild was a Captain in the Buckinghamshire Yeomanry, was Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire from 1889 until his death and was known as an agriculturist. In 1902, he was sworn of the Privy Council and was appointed to the Royal Victorian Order as a Knight Grand Cross and he died in London, five days after an operation, on 31 March 1915 and was buried at Willesden Jewish Cemetery
17.
Community
–
A community is a small or large social unit who have something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity. Often - but not always - communities share a sense of place that is situated in a geographical area. Durable relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community, people tend to define those social ties as important to their identity, practice, and roles in social institutions like family, home, work, government, society, or humanity, at large. The word community derives from the Old French comuneté, which comes from the Latin communitas community, human communities may share intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, and risks in common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness. Community studies is an academic field drawing on both sociology and anthropology and the research methods of ethnography and participant observation in the study of community. In academic settings around the world, community studies is variously a sub-discipline of anthropology or sociology and it is often interdisciplinary and geared toward practical applications rather than purely theoretical perspectives. Community studies is sometimes combined with other fields, i. e. Urban and Community Studies, Health and Community Studies, or Family, while studies of the Internet are now widespread across academic disciplines, there is a growing collaboration among these investigations. On the research side, Internet studies intersects with studies of cyberculture, human–computer interaction, Urban sociologists contest the significance of place in shaping community. The anonymity and impersonal characterizing life in modern city spaces tend to be devoid of the collective connectedness associated with the idea of community”. The philosophy of science is the study of the logic and method of the social sciences, such as sociology, anthropology. Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of variation among humans. It is in contrast to social anthropology, which perceives cultural variation as a subset of the anthropological constant, a variety of methods are involved in cultural anthropological, including participant observation, interviews, and surveys. The term civilization later gave way to definitions given by V. Gordon Childe, with forming an umbrella term. Anthropologists have argued that culture is human nature, and that all people have a capacity to classify experiences, encode classifications symbolically, since humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, people living in different places or different circumstances develop different cultures. Anthropologists have also pointed out that through culture people can adapt to their environment in non-genetic ways, much of anthropological theory has originated in an appreciation of and interest in the tension between the local and the global. Colonialism and its processes increasingly brought European thinkers into direct or indirect contact with primitive others, the umbrella term socio-cultural anthropology draws upon both cultural and social anthropology traditions. In archaeological studies of communities the term community is used in two ways, paralleling usage in other areas. The first is a definition of community as a place where people used to live
18.
Synagogue
–
A synagogue, also spelled synagog, is a Jewish house of prayer. Synagogues have a hall for prayer, and may also have smaller rooms for study and sometimes a social hall. Some have a room for Torah study, called the beith midrash beis medrash —בית מדרש. Synagogues are consecrated spaces used for the purpose of prayer, Tanakh reading, study and assembly, halakha holds that communal Jewish worship can be carried out wherever ten Jews assemble. Worship can also be carried out alone or with fewer than ten people assembled together, however, halakha considers certain prayers as communal prayers and therefore they may be recited only by a minyan. The synagogue does not replace the long-since destroyed Temple in Jerusalem, israelis use the Hebrew term beyt knesset. Jews of Ashkenazi descent have traditionally used the Yiddish term shul in everyday speech, Sephardi Jews and Romaniote Jews generally use the term kal. Spanish Jews call the synagogue a sinagoga and Portuguese Jews call it an esnoga, persian Jews and some Karaite Jews also use the non-Hebrew term kenesa, which is derived from Aramaic, and some Arab Jews use kenis. Reform and some Conservative Jews use the word temple, the Greek word synagogue is used in English, to cover the preceding possibilities. The all-day Yom Kippur service, in fact, was an event in which the congregation both observed the movements of the kohen gadol as he offered the days sacrifices and prayed for his success. During the Babylonian captivity the Men of the Great Assembly formalized and standardized the language of the Jewish prayers, prior to that people prayed as they saw fit, with each individual praying in his or her own way, and there were no standard prayers that were recited. Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai, one of the leaders at the end of the Second Temple era and this contributed to the continuity of the Jewish people by maintaining a unique identity and a portable way of worship despite the destruction of the Temple, according to many historians. A synagogue dating from between 75 and 50 BCE has been uncovered at a Hasmonean-era winter palace near Jericho, more than a dozen Second Temple era synagogues have been identified by archaeologists. Any Jew or group of Jews can build a synagogue, there is no set blueprint for synagogues and the architectural shapes and interior designs of synagogues vary greatly. In fact, the influence from local religious buildings can often be seen in synagogue arches, domes. Historically, synagogues were built in the architectural style of their time. Thus, the synagogue in Kaifeng, China looked very like Chinese temples of that region and era, with its outer wall, the styles of the earliest synagogues resembled the temples of other sects of the eastern Roman Empire. The surviving synagogues of medieval Spain are embellished with mudéjar plasterwork, the surviving medieval synagogues in Budapest and Prague are typical Gothic structures
19.
Bury Hebrew Congregation
–
Bury Hebrew Congregation, also known in Hebrew as Bet Knesset Shaar HahShamayim is an Orthodox synagogue, serving the Jewish community in the Sunnybank, Unsworth and Hollins area of North Manchester. The Bury community is a result of a second migration of young families in the mid-1960s who sought new lives away from these established. At that time, Sunnybank was very much a green-field site, recently developed on adjacent to Manchester Road. By 1964 there was a community, and a meeting was held at Blackford Bridge Reform Church. Plans were laid to land to build a small synagogue. David Grunsfeld, who ran services and also taught at the cheder, by 1975, the prefab complex was no longer adequate, and a permanent building was suggested. Funds were collected and in 1976, the new building, which is still in use today, was opened by the then Chief Rabbi, Immanuel Jakobovits. In 1982, Rev. Grunsfeld left, and was replaced by Rabbi Moshe Fine, in 1998, the Beit Hamedrash and study hall were opened. The study hall serves for weekday services, small functions. It is also here that a library is housed. On September 10,2000 the synagogue dedicated a Sefer Torah in memory of its late warden, Bury Hebrew Congregation website - http, //www. buryhc. org. uk Bury Hebrew Congregation on Jewish Communities and Records - UK
20.
Giffnock Synagogue
–
Giffnock and Newlands Synagogue, located at 222 Fenwick Road in Giffnock, East Renfrewshire, is the largest Jewish religious congregation in Scotland. The synagogue also features a day school for both children and teenagers. The congregation is led by Rabbi Moshe Rubin who originally hails from the United States having joined the community in 1990 and he was asked to take over the pulpit upon the retirement of the previous Rabbi in 1999. Giffnocks Cantor from 1964 to 1990 was the late Rev Ernest Levy OBE, the Cantor for the High Holydays since 2008 has been Mr. Russell Grossman, of London. Founded in 1934 approximately, the synagogue stood at May Terrace in Giffnock until 1968, the new current complex was erected on Maryville Avenue. Giffnock Synagogue is described as a provincial synagogue, as an affiliate member of the United Synagogue organization of Great Britain, it is under the aegis of the Chief Rabbi. It is the largest Jewish community in Scotland, services are conducted in the Ashkenazi Orthodox ritual
21.
New West End Synagogue
–
The New West End Synagogue, located in St. Petersburgh Place, Bayswater, London, is one of the oldest synagogues in the United Kingdom still in use. It can accommodate approximately 800 people, joseph, its foundation stone was laid on 7 June 1877 by Leopold de Rothschild in the presence of the Chief Rabbi, Dr. Nathan Marcus Adler, and the building was formally opened on 30 March 1879. Chaim Weizmann, the first president of the State of Israel, and Herbert Samuel and their seats are marked with plaques. The synagogues first rabbi was Simeon Singer, who translated and edited the Authorized Daily Prayer Book, in August 2007, the New West End Synagogue was declared a national monument. The New West End Synagogue is a constituent of the United Synagogue and serves the Jewish communities of Bayswater, Notting Hill, Kensington, Hammersmith and West London. Opened in 1879, it has in recent years enjoyed a major communal renaissance under the leadership of Rabbi Geoffrey Shisler, the Synagogue has recently made two new appointments to its Clergy. Earlier this year Rabbi Moshe Freedman was appointed minister for the community. Other singing commitments have included bass solo in Mozart’s ‘Requiem’, Beethoven’s ‘Choral Fantasia’, during the summer of 2013, he sang the role of Antonio in a production of ‘The Marriage of Figaro’ by Mozart at the Bedford Park Music Festival. The New West End is known for its music and choir, the first choirmaster was David M. Davis, the compiler of The Voice of Prayer and Praise, known as the Blue Book, and the standard work on Anglo-Jewish minhag. Davis spend 50 years as choirmaster, from 1879, mosaic Voices, the choir at New West End is now directed my Michael Etherton, Managing Director of UK Jewish Film. Many members of the choir are professional singers working at Londons Opera Houses, most music is composed or arranged by Ben di Garmus, James Mawson and Toby Young or from the original Blue Book. The Choirs repertoire includes madrigals by Salmone Rossi to film music by Meir Finkelstein and Rabbi Geoffrey Shisler, on a semi-annual basis, the synagogue organise special services to perform compositions often not sung in synagogue due to their complexity. The most recent was Shabbat UK2016, particularly notable is the splendid Torah ark. Oldest synagogues in the United Kingdom English Heritage, New West End Synagogue, Bayswater Official site New West End Synagogue on Jewish Communities and Records - UK
22.
Richmond Synagogue
–
Richmond Synagogue is an Orthodox Jewish community in Richmond, London. The congregation, whose building is in Lichfield Gardens, has 250 members and is a member community of the United Synagogue. A Jewish community is known to have existed in Richmond in the late 17th century, king William III dined with Solomon de Medina, a Jewish businessman, at his country house in Richmond in November 1699. From 1938 it met at a chapel at 8 Sheen Road which was later compulsorily purchased by Richmond upon Thames Council to make way for a Waitrose supermarket. Designed by Stern Thom Fehler Architects, a new synagogue building at Lichfield Gardens was opened on 8 March 1987 by Chief Rabbi Sir Immanuel Jakobovits. A rabbis house was built on part of the synagogues car park. Richmond Synagogues rabbi, since 2015, is Meir Shindler, previous rabbis have included Maurice Ginsberg, Yitzchak Schochet, Jonathan Hughes and Yossi Ives. Notable congregants have included Eldred Tabachnik and Lord Woolf, services are held on Friday evenings at 7,00 pm and on Saturday mornings at 9.30 am. The synagogue operates a day centre for Jewish people over 60, List of Jewish communities in the United Kingdom List of synagogues in the United Kingdom Greenstreet, Anthony. Sir Solomon de Medina of Richmond, Richmond History, Journal of the Richmond Local History Society. R W Simpson, 27pp and 12 illustrated plates History of the Richmond Synagogue, London, Tymsder Publications, pp. 145–6, ISBN 978-0953-11047-6 Official website JCR-UK entry on Richmond Synagogue
23.
Singers Hill Synagogue
–
The Birmingham Hebrew Congregation Synagogue is a Grade II* listed building comprising 26, 26A and 26B Blucher Street in central Birmingham, England. Built in 1856, it was designed by Yeoville Thomason and it replaced the Greek Revival,1827 Severn Street Synagogue, which survives as a Masonic Hall, and was the fourth synagogue building to be erected in the city. Map sources for Singers Hill Synagogue Official website Birmingham Hebrew Congregation on Jewish Communities, BBC360 degree internal views Jewish Birmingham - Birmingham City Council Looking at Buildings - Pevsner Architectural Guides Historic England
24.
Bayswater Synagogue
–
Bayswater Synagogue was an Ashkenazi-Orthodox synagogue located in Chichester Place, Paddington, London, near the Harrow Road. Built in 1863, as a branch synagogue jointly of the Great Synagogue, the original building was demolished in 1965 for construction of the Westway overpass and the Warwick Estate redevelopment. Agitation commenced for a new synagogue, and endless negative negotiations ensued between those who had moved into the Bayswater area and the authorities of the City synagogues. Support was gained from Chief Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler and, after orderly formal proceedings, the Chichester Road site was selected and the foundation stone laid on 10 July 1862. On 21 February 1863 The Illustrated London News published an article on the new synagogue and, on 30 July 1863, during the Blitz of World War II, the board-room was destroyed by Luftwaffe bombing, with the loss of a portrait gallery of 19th-century communal leaders. On the same night, both Londons Great Synagogue and the 1870 Central Synagogue were also destroyed, dr Hermann Adler CVO preached at Bayswater Synagogue from 1864 to 1891, and served as Chief Rabbi of the UK from 1891 to 1911. Sir Hermann Gollancz was the preacher from 1892 to 1922, the distinguished Australian Raymond Apple AO occupied the pulpit in the synagogues final years. A History of the County of Middlesex, Volume 9, Hampstead, Paddington
25.
Blackpool United Hebrew Congregation
–
The Blackpool United Hebrew Congregation was an Ashkenazi orthodox community in Blackpool, England. Blackpool United Hebrew Congregation was founded in about 1907 with the merger of Blackpool Hebrew Congregation which had founded in 1898. The synagogue was located in Springfield Road, North Shore. The current synagogue in Leamington Road was consecrated in 1916 and it is a provincial synagogue under the aegis of the Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom. The synagogue is a Grade II listed building, built in the Byzantine architectural style and it was built between 1916 and 1926 and was later altered in 1955 and 1976. On 8 February 2009, the synagogue hosted a visit by Jonathan Sacks, the visit was arranged by Eric Moonman, the president of the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland. The synagogue closed in May 2012, as the community numbers had fallen below a viable congregation, the last service, conducted by Cantor Steven Robins LRCM, was held on 13 May 2012 accompanied by the Shabbaton Choir. The synagogue was packed for the occasion with many former members, the sermon was given by Rabbi Arnold Saunders of Manchester, a previous Minister. The last Minister of the synagogue was Rabbi David Braunold who assumed the pulpit in 1985, Rabbi Braunold gave the welcoming address at the last service. There is a site for the synagogue
26.
Dalston Synagogue
–
The Dalston Synagogue was a Jewish place of worship in the London Borough of Islington, North London, from about 1885 to 1970. It was also known as the Poets Road Synagogue and was not in Dalston, the Victorian Gothic building was erected in Poets Road in 1885, and became one of the leading members of the United Synagogues. Jacob Koussevitzsky, a member of the famous Koussevitzky cantorial family, was its cantor from 1936, at its height, the Poets Road Synagogue had hundreds of worshippers, it closed in the late 1960s, as the remaining Jewish population moved further afield. The Shacklewell Lane synagogue was located in Dalston, close to the Ridley Road market, since the Poets Road synagogue, which was really located in Canonbury, was called the Dalston Synagogue, the Shacklewell Lane synagogue had to take on the name of the New Dalston Synagogue. This building is now a mosque, other nearby synagogues included the Finsbury Park synagogue, close to Clissold Park and Manor House, and the smaller, less formal, Goldblums Shtiebel in Highbury New Park. From the mid-seventeenth century, Newington Green had been known as an area tolerant of religious minorities, specifically Dissenters, and the church on the green reflected that. Its minister from 1947, John Reece Walker, was known as an interfaith worker, also on the green was the China Inland Mission, founded in 1865 and its headquarters built in 1895. During the post-World War II era, the Dalston synagogue was led by the Rev. Joseph Rabinowitz, following his retirement, the community appointed Rabbi Isaac Newman who moved from the St Albans Synagogue where he had been for the previous two years. His appointment coincided with the amalgamation of the synagogue with the North London synagogue in Lofting Road which had recently closed, but this was a period when Jews were leaving Islington for greener pastures further north and north west. Newman later moved to the Barnet synagogue where he served for twenty years until his retirement, during the last period of his life he was influential in setting up the Rabbis for Human Rights movement in Israel. He died in Jerusalem in 2011, the New Dalston Synagogue became a mosque, while Finsbury Park Synagogue was, for a short period, a yeshiva serving the ultra-orthodox residents of Stoke Newington and Stamford Hill. The Village that Changed the World, A History of Newington Green London N16 by Alex Allardyce, peter Renton, The Lost Synagogues of London, Tymsder Publishers,2000. Dalston Synagogue on Jewish Communities and Records - UK, accessed 24 November 2010
27.
Great Synagogue of London
–
The Great Synagogue of London was, for centuries, the centre of Ashkenazi synagogue and Jewish life in London. It was destroyed during World War II, in the Blitz, the earliest Ashkenazi synagogue constructed in London after the return of Jews to England in the 17th century was built about 1690 at Dukes Place, north of Aldgate. In 1696-7, the synagogue acquired a burial ground, at Alderney Road. The congregation grew, and in 1722 a new building was erected with the cost of £2,000 being borne by businessman and philanthropist, the building was consecrated on Rosh Hashana. An enlarged building, designed by George Dance the Elder, was consecrated on August 29,1766, the order of prayers for the inauguration was the first printed publication of the synagogue, and also the first publication to name it explicitly as The Great Synagogue. Between 1788 and 1790, the synagogue was built on the site. Unusually for the times, the donor was a woman, Judith Hart Levy, a daughter of Moses Hart. The building was in the classical style identified with John Adam and it was redecorated and repaired in 1832 and 1852 by John Walen, and restored again with small renovations in 1899 and 1930. The Royal Dukes of Cambridge, Cumberland, and Essex, sons of George III, there they were seated on elegant Egyptian revival chairs as they watched the religious service. The synagogue was destroyed on May 10,1941, the Rabbis of the Great Synagogue, and their terms of office, included, Judah Loeb Cohen, 1696–1700 Aaron the Scribe of Dublin Aaron Hart, c. For some time he doubled as an opera singer at Covent Garden Theatre under the name Michael Leoni. From his arrival in England until his death in 1880 the Anglo-Jewish composer of synagogue music Julius Mombach was associated with the Great Synagogue and he arrived in 1827 as meshorrer and eventually became the Synagogues choir master. Pugin drew a handsome representation of the Ionic columns supporting the balconies, rowlandson drew caricatures of the congregants, with the hunched shoulders and exaggerated noses traditionally attributed to Jews. List of demolished buildings and structures in London History of the Jews in England Notes Sources Conway, jewry in Music, Entry to the Profession from the Enlightenment to Richard Wagner. Building Jerusalem, Jewish Architecture in Britain, London, Valentine Mitchell Krinsky, Synagogues of Europe, Architecture, History, Meaning, MIT Press,1985, revised edition, MIT Press,1986, Dover reprint,1996 Roth, Cecil. The Architecture of the European Synagogue, the Great Synagogue on Jewish Communities and Records – UK
28.
Michael Sobell Sinai School
–
It is a co-educational primary school for up to 690 children aged 3–11. It is the largest Jewish primary school in Europe, in addition to the name Michael Sobell Sinai School, the school is widely known and colloquially referred to as Sinai School. The Michael Sobell Sinai School started life as the Bayswater Jewish School, originally based at St James’s Terrace, Harrow Road, the school opened its doors in 1866 at 1 Westbourne Park Villas. Eleven years later it moved to a new building in Harrow Road in 1879, in 1902,222 of its pupils took part in the Paddington Children’s Coronation Procession. In 1930, the moved to Lancaster Road and changed its name to Kensington Bayswater Jewish School. The new Michael Sobell Sinai School opened in September 1981 with the pupils and staff coming from Solomon Wolfson and Yavneh schools to form the new nucleus of the school. With the appointment in April 1996 of Mrs Vivienne Orloff as Headteacher and Joanna Walker as Deputy Headteacher in 1997, after leading the school for over 15 years, in December 2011 Mrs Vivienne Orloff retired. In 2005, the Michael Sobell Sinai school was chosen for one of the first national short Ofsted inspections, on 25 September 2008, Michael Sobell Sinai School pupils interviewed the NASA astronaut Gregory Chamitoff through a live satellite link up while he was aboard the Space Shuttle. In April 2012 Robert Leach became the incumbent headteacher, in January 2015, the school was inspected by Ofsted. The school was judged as Good in all five areas, the report states that this is a good school because, Senior leaders have high expectations and ambitions for the school. They are determined to do what is necessary to achieve the very best for all pupils, leaders, including governors, make sure that the quality of teaching and pupil achievement continues to improve rapidly. Teachers enthuse their pupils to want to learn and achieve their best, in some year groups, pupils make outstanding progress in reading and writing. Pupils are articulate, mature and thoughtful learners, the school keeps pupils exceptionally safe and secure. Disadvantaged pupils, disabled pupils and those with educational needs make more progress than all other pupils. The early years provision is good, Children are happy, confident and inquisitive learners. Teaching meets the needs of all children, from their starting points, children make good progress in all areas of learning. The school’s faith ethos promotes pupils’ spiritual, moral, social and cultural development exceptionally well, pupils are proud to be Jewish. They also enjoy working with pupils from different ethnic and religious backgrounds and they are exceptionally well prepared for life in modern Britain
