Cardinal vowels
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Cardinal vowels are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians in describing the sounds of languages. They are classified depending on the position of the tongue relative to the roof of the mouth,
![X-rays of Daniel Jones' [i, u, a, ɑ].](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cardinal_vowels-Jones_x-ray.jpg/500px-Cardinal_vowels-Jones_x-ray.jpg)
X-rays of Daniel Jones' [i, u, a, ɑ].
Roundedness
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In phonetics, vowel roundedness is the rounding of the lips, or lack thereof, during the articulation of a vowel. It is the degree and kind of labialization of a vowel. In the International Phonetic A
Cardinal vowels
…frication, with spread (unrounded) lips. is produced with the tongue as close as possible to the soft palate (velum) without producing frication, with protruded (rounded) lips. is produced with tongue as close as possible to the pharynx without producing frication, with neutral (unrounded) lips…
Protruded rounding
Compressed rounding