Cardinals created by Francis
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Pope Francis created cardinals at ten consistories held at roughly annual intervals beginning in 2014 and for the last time on 7 December 2024. The cardinals created by Francis include 163 cardinals f
Pope Francis with Cardinals, 2014
Robert Francis Prevost (born 1955), made a cardinal on 30 September 2023 and elected Pope Leo XIV on 8 May 2025
Pope Benedict XVI created 90 cardinals in five consistories. With three of those consistories, he respected the limit on the number of cardinal electors set at 120 in 1973, though sometimes exceeded b
Cardinals created by Francis
…introduced the 120 limit in 1975. Pope John Paul II brought the number as high as 135 in 2001 and 2003, while Pope Benedict XVI's highest was 125 in 2012. Francis's first four consistories increased the number of electors above 120 modestly for short periods: to 122 in 2014 for less than a month, to 125…
Pope Benedict XVI with Cardinal Camillo Ruini, 2006
Jean-Pierre Ricard (b. 1944), made a cardinal on 24 March 2006
Joseph Zen Ze-kiun (b. 1932), made a cardinal on 24 March 2006
Paul Josef Cordes (1934–2024), made a cardinal on 24 November 2007