Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero, 1st Marquis of Mulhacén, was a Spanish divisional general and geodesist. He represented Spain at the 1875 Conference of the Metre Convention and was the first presiden
Portrait of Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero in 1881
Swiss baseline measurement with Ibáñez apparatus in 1880.
Gravimeter with variant of Repsold-Bessel pendulum.
Repeating circle used for the survey of the meridian arc from Dunkirk to Barcelona by Delambre and Méchain
The arc measurement of Delambre and Méchain was a geodetic survey carried out by Jean-Baptiste Delambre and Pierre Méchain in 1792–1798 to measure an arc section of the Paris meridian between Dunkirk
Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero
…be related to a temperature error of approximately 1.3 °C during the manufacturing of Borda apparatus, which was used for baseline measurements of the Arc measurement of Delambre and Méchain. In 1870 Ibáñez founded the Spanish National Geographic Institute which he then directed until 1889. At the time it was the world's biggest geographic…
The Panthéon in Paris. At the time of Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre, it served as a warehouse for all the old weights and measures which had been sent by towns throughout France in anticipation of the standardisation of weights and measures by the establishment of the new decimal metric system.
The triangulation mesh of the Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790).
The free-standing belfry in Dunkirk on the French English Channel coast – the northerly end of the meridian survey of 1792–9