Carrefour

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For other uses, see Carrefour (disambiguation).
Carrefour
Public company
Traded as Euronext: CA
CAC 40 Component
Industry Retail
Founded 1 January 1958; 59 years ago (1 January 1958)
Headquarters Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Number of locations
 Decrease 11,935
Area served
 Worldwide
Key people
 Alexandre Bompard
(Chairman and CEO)
Products Cash & Carry/warehouse club, convenience/forecourt store, discount store, hypermarket/supercenter/superstore, supermarket
Revenue

Increase €103.3

 billion (2016)[1]
Increase €1.94 billion (2016)[1]
Profit Decrease €1.03 million (2016)[1]
Total assets Increase €48.84 billion (2016)[1]
Total equity Increase €12.00 billion (2016)[1]
Number of employees
 384,151 (2016)[1]
Subsidiaries See below
Website www.carrefour.com

Carrefour S.A. (French pronunciation: ​[kaʁfuʁ]) is a French multinational retailer headquartered in Boulogne Billancourt, France, in the Hauts-de-Seine Department near Paris.[2] It is one of the largest hypermarket chains in the world (with 1,462 hypermarkets at the end of 2016). Carrefour operates in more than 30 countries, in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Carrefour means "crossroads" and "public square" in French, the company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.[3]

History[edit]

The first Carrefour store (not a hypermarket) opened on in 1960, within suburban Annecy near a crossroads. (In French, carrefour means crossroads). The group was created in 1958 by Marcel Fournier, Denis Defforey and Jacques Defforey,[4] who attended and were influenced by several seminars in the United States led by "the Pope of retail" Bernardo Trujillo (fr).

The Carrefour group was the first in Europe to open a hypermarket, a large supermarket and a department store under the same roof, they opened their first hypermarket on 15 June 1963 in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, near Paris in France.[5]

In April 1976, Carrefour launched a private label Produits libres (free products – libre meaning free in the sense of liberty as opposed to gratis) line of fifty foodstuffs, including oil, biscuits (crackers and cookies), milk, and pasta, sold in unbranded white packages at substantially lower prices.

In 1999 it merged with Promodès, known as Continent, one of its major competitors in the French market.

In September 2009, Carrefour updated its logo.[6]

In May 2011, Carrefour reviewed its situation under conditions of stagnant growth and increasing competition in France from rivals including Casino Guichard-Perrachon SA, and planned to invest €1.5 billion ($2.1 billion) to change the supermarket with the new concept of Carrefour Planet in Western Europe.

In April 2015, Brazilian businessman Abílio Diniz revealed he was in talks to raise his 5.07 percent stake in Carrefour and has the support of shareholders to take a board seat.[7]

On June 9, 2017, the Board of Directors chose Alexandre Bompard as the new Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Carrefour with effect as of July 18, 2017.[8]

In 2017, Carrefour was working with a small French start-up, Expliceat, on a trial basis.[9] Expliceat built a commercial mill that is designed to crumb down leftover bread, it rents the mill to commercial bakeries and then uses the crumb to bake cookies, muffins and pancakes.

On July 18, 2017, the Board of Directors has appointed Alexandre Bompard as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Carrefour.

Operations[edit]

French operations[edit]

Groupe Carrefour head office : 33, avenue Émile Zola, Boulogne Billancourt, France

The head office of the Groupe Carrefour is in Boulogne Billancourt in the Paris metropolitan area. Carrefour leased space in the 9,257 square metres (99,640 sq ft) Gecina building at 36 avenue Émile Zola effective 1 December 2010. The complex has 208 parking spaces and has an aluminium facade. E. Naud and L. Poulx designed the building.[10]

The chain's Carrefour Hypermarket division has its head office in Courcouronnes, Essonne, France, near Évry.[11]

International operations[edit]

Asia[edit]

Bahrain

Carrefour has also opened a franchise owned branch in the Bahrain City Centre in 2008.

China
Carrefour store front Shanghai China.
78th store of Carrefour China – ZhongShanPark, Shanghai, open 6 June 2005.

In 2007, expansion accelerated outside France, particularly in Asia, with the building of 36 new hypermarkets, including 22 in China – where the Group broke its record for store openings in a one-year period, it was the leading foreign retailer in terms of sales figures, until 2008 and has since lost its No. 1 position to RT-Mart. A selection of Carrefour products are sold in Hong Kong via Wellcome and its sister Market Place by Jasons.

India

Carrefour operates cash and carry stores in India under the name "Carrefour Wholesale Cash&Carry". The first store opened on 30 December 2010 in Shahdara, Delhi,[12] this was followed by a store in Jaipur in late 2011 and one in Meerut in October 2012, Agra in December 2013.

Prior to September 2012, India's foreign direct investment (FDI) policy did not allow foreign companies to open multi-brand retail stores in the country. However, 100% FDI in cash-and-carry has been permitted since 1997, as a result, most global retailers, including Carrefour, opted for the cash-and-carry route in India. A new FDI policy, allowing up to 51% FDI in multi-brand retail, came into effect on 20 September 2012.[13][14]

On 8 July 2014, Carrefour announced that it will shut down its Indian operations and close its five wholesale stores by the end of September.[15]

Indonesia
Carrefour Hypermarket in Jakarta, Indonesia

Besides Carrefour stores, at the end of November 2011 Carrefour also has 5,670 Alfamart (IDX=AMRT) which mostly minimart, while at the end of December 2010 has 4,812 Alfamart.,[16][17][18] Carrefour Indonesia is managed by CT corp and its shares owned by Chairul Tandjung. CT corp also developed Transmart, a subsidiary of CT corp operated by Carrefour Indonesia, and it also developed Groserindo, a grocery store also operated by mostly Carrefour. CT Corp announced that it will replace all Carrefour branches with Transmart brand as its license expires in 2019.[19]

Iran

In February 2009, MAF opened its first store in Iran, called HyperStar[20] in Western region of Tehran, it opened its second store in Iran in April 2012. This store located in Persian Gulf Complex, it opened the third store in Isfahan located in Isfahan City Center in 2012. Three other stores are to be opened in Eastern region of Tehran, Mashhad and Tabriz.

Iraq

Majid al Futtaim opened the first Carrefour in Erbil in 2011.

Jordan

Carrefour is very popular in Jordan, with tens of locations dotting the capital and the suburbs; the largest and most frequented would be Carrefour: City Mall in the suburb of Dabuk.[21] Another multi-story complex is about to open near the Sixth Circle. Carrefour Express are smaller sized stores that operate inside smaller shopping areas, best known is Carrefour Express: Swéfiéh Avenue, inside the Avenue Mall in Swéfiéh.

Kuwait

In March 2007, Carrefour opened a store in Kuwait in the Avenues mall.

Lebanon

On 4 April 2013, Carrefour opened a mega store in "Beirut City Center Mall", in the suburb of Beirut. Alwan And Rabaa Group.

Oman

In Oman, Carrefour opened a store in 2001 on the outskirts of the city of Muscat. And in 2008, another branch opened in Qurum; in May 2011 Carrefour opened a store in Sohar. The fourth Carrefour opened in March 2012 at Muscat Grand Mall, the fifth branch opened in Salalah on 24 May 2013. It has officially been confirmed this as the biggest Carrefour in Oman.

Pakistan

Carrefour opened up its first store in Lahore, Pakistan in a joint venture with MAF in 2009 under the name of Hyperstar, and a second store in Karachi in 2011. Till 2017, Hyperstar has 6 stores in total that is 3 in Lahore, 2 in Karachi and 1 in Islamabad.

Saudi Arabia

Carrefour has 12 franchise operated hypermarkets in Saudi Arabia, with 5 of them being in the capital Riyadh itself.

United Arab Emirates

Carrefour also operates in the United Arab Emirates and Jordan in a joint venture with Majid al Futtaim.[21]

Japan

In 1999 Carrefour's Japanese subsidiary, Carrefour Japan Co. Ltd., opened.[22] The first Carrefour in Japan opened in a suburb of Tokyo in December 2000; in January and February 2001 new Carrefour stores opened in Tokyo and Osaka. Sales were initially strong, but Miki Tanikawa of The New York Times wrote that "But now, 10 months later, there is barely a line for most of the day at cash registers of most Carrefour stores here. Lengthy aisles of goods ranging from clothes to bicycles are mostly empty. "[23] On 10 March 2005, the subsidiary's name changed to AEON Marche´ Co., Ltd. after Aeon purchased the Carrefour Japanese division.[22] The stores were still operated in the Carrefour name until 31 March 2010, when the license expired.[24]

Taiwan

In 1989, Carrefour became the first international retailer to establish a presence in Asia when it entered Taiwan through a joint venture with Uni President Enterprises Corporation. It leveraged the experience it gathered in Taiwan to expand into other Asian markets.

Europe[edit]

Albania

In November 2011, Carrefour opened its first store in Albania as part of TEG Shopping Center (Tirana East Gate) with the same rights as in the European Union and throughout the rest of Europe. Carrefour is integrated in the new shopping center in the same format as in other countries extending into a space of about 7000 square meters. Carrefour will have a policy of supplying imported products while promoting Albanian products, particularly agro-industrial ones.

Austria

In 1976 Carrefour opened a store in the Shopping City Süd at the southern edge of Vienna. Due to limited success the store closed soon after. Carrefour has not made any other attempt at entering the Austrian market thereafter.

Armenia

Carrefour opened its first hypermarket in Armenia at Yerevan Mall (shopping mall in the southern exit of Yerevan) on 11 March 2015, occupying approximately 10000 square meters.

Belgium

Carrefour starts its internationalization and that's how the group is established in 1969 in Belgium with a strategic alliance with GB Group. Between 1970 and 2000 several formats work with multiple brands and names Carrefour GB, but only until 2000, the Carrefour Group takes over GB. So officially born Carrefour Belgium, but keep some formats GB, only until 2007 becomes official unification of its various formats and being in operation Carrefour and Carrefour Express GB; in May 2008, starts EcoPlanet Carrefour, also starts selling gas and green energy in the whole of Belgium. In 2009, the formats are established Carrefour Hyper, GB Carrefour, Carrefour Market and Carrefour Express. Furthermore, launches online shopping, In February 2010 Carrefour announced the elimination of 1,672 jobs and the closure of 21 stores and the possibility of acquisition of 20 stores by the group Mestdagh.

Bulgaria
Bulgaria's largest Carrefour hypermarket within The Mall shopping centre in Sofia, Bulgaria that opened in spring 2010.

From 2009 to 2011 in Bulgaria were opened eight locations (five hypermarkets and three supermarkets) in Sofia, Plovdiv, Pleven, Varna, Burgas and Ruse.

In 2010, Carrefour and Marinopoulos Group, the largest group of retail in Greece, established a franchise company MSC Bulgaria to develop hypermarkets and supermarkets under the Carrefour banner within Southeastern Europe; in June 2016 the owner of the franchise for Bulgaria declared bankruptcy and the stores were closed.

Georgia

Carrefour operates two hypermarkets and six Carrefour markets in Georgia, it opened its first hypermarket in Georgia at Tbilisi Mall (shopping mall in the northern exit of Tbilisi) on 13 September 2012, occupying approximately 12,000 sq m. The first market was opened at Karvasla Mall (shopping mall near Tbilisi Central railway station) on 16 September 2013; in 2014, the second Carrefour market was opened at Shopping Mall GTC on Orbeliani Square. On 10 November 2015, Carrefour opened its second hypermarket at East Point shopping mall near Kakheti Highway at 2 Aleksandre Tvalchrelidze Street. Shortly after the opening, Carrefour opened its third market in Isani district of Tbilisi at 8a Navtlughi Street; in 2016, Carrefour opened its fourth Market in City Mall Gldani at 1 Khizanishvili Street. The latest two markets were opened in Saburtalo neighborhood and second market in Gldani neighborhood of Tbilisi.

Macedonia

In October 2012, Carrefour opened its first store in Skopje, the store is part of a brand new shopping mall (City Mall) that opened the same day in Skopje, the capital of Macedonia. And by the end of summer 2014 planes to open the second store in Tetovo, a city located not too far from Skopje. Carrefour closed its supermarket and hypermarket because of debt.

Poland
Portugal

In Portugal, Carrefour retail sold their stake in Continente Modelo to Sonae for €345 million on 16 November 2004.[25]

In 2008, Carrefour sold its Portuguese retail ventures existing under the Carrefour ensign to Sonae.

Romania

Carrefour is a top retailer in Romania.[26]

Spain

Spain is the 2nd most important market for Carrefour after France. Carrefour has 173 hypermarkets in Spain and there are more hypermarkets under construction or planned,[27] its rivals in Spain are: Mercadona, Eroski and Alcampo.

Kazakhstan

Carrefour opened its first hypermarket in Almaty on February 11, 2016. So far it is the only one in Kazakhstan.

Turkey

Carrefour also operates in Turkey in a joint venture with Sabancı Group under the name CarrefourSA.[28]

United Kingdom

Carrefour opened the first of several hypermarkets in the UK in the 1970s and kept them open until the 1980s, the Dee Corporation bought the stores, which went on trading as Carrefour before becoming branches of the now-defunct Gateway supermarket chain, with some becoming branches of Asda - one such was the Merry Hill branch near Dudley, West Midlands, which opened on 1 July 1986 but became a Gateway branch in 1988 and an Asda in 1990.[29]

Euraville und Carrefour in Lille (27404352550)

Since July 2011, online supermarket Ocado has sold a range of Carrefour's products in the UK.[30]

Africa[edit]

Kenya[31]

As of October 2016 in Kenya, East Africa's largest economy, is Two Rivers Mall, it will be the largest mall in East and central Africa with Carrefour as its anchor tenant.[32] The Hub - Karen, a newly opened shopping mall in the Nairobi suburb of Karen also hosts a Carrefour outlet that opened its doors in May 2016.[33]

Egypt

Carrefour (Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [kɑɾˈfuːɾ]) has 35 outlets under franchise in Egypt, which are often situated in shopping malls and frequented by the Egyptian upper class. The location in Alexandria was severely looted during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. Another 8 outlets or more are coming in 2012/2013. Opened Hyper Markets: (Maadi City Center, Dandy Mega Mall, Sun City Mall, Obour Golf City Mall, Alex City Center, Cairo Festival City, Sky Plaza (El-Shorouk City), Mall of Egypt). Opened Express Markets: (Maadi, Tiba Outlet Mall, Sharm-El-Sheik, Green Plaza Mall, Down Town Mall).

Morocco

Carrefour has 10 hypermarkets in Morocco, with the most being located in and around the Casablanca metropolitan area. Carrefour Maroc is a partner of Label'vie, a Moroccan supermarket chain. All the Label'Vie stores are transformed into Carrefour Markets. There are 30 of them widely spread around the kingdom. Carrefour is still expanding its presence in Morocco by opening more supermarkets and hypermarkets to face the settled competition like the Moroccan hypermarket chain Marjane.

South America[edit]

Brazil

Carrefour Brasil( who is the biggest market outside France ) was founded in 1975 and today it is the second major super markets chain of Brazil in competition with Groupe Casino, Walmart and others and now sell more than 25 million products per year.

Previous operations[edit]

In 2006, Carrefour sold all 16 stores in Korea to E-Land and exited Korea; in the same year it also sold all 11 Czech stores to Tesco in exchange for 6 stores and two shopping centers in Taiwan, plus €57.5 million. In 2010, Carrefour announced a decision to leave Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand; in November 2010, Carrefour sold its Thailand operations and kept its Malaysian and Singaporean stores. Carrefour had already exited Singapore's market since 30 September 2012,[34] on 31 October 2012, Aeon Co. Ltd bought over Carrefour Malaysia and its subsidiaries for €147 million and being rebranded as Aeon Big.[35] All former Carrefour stores in Malaysia are rebranded as AEON BIG, and will be run as a separate brand from the existing AEON stores in the country.[36] All stores have fully completed the process of rebranding.

Former stores[edit]

Former Carrefour store at Minoo, Osaka, Japan.
Former Carrefour store in Bangkok, Thailand
Previous branch of Carrefour in Niterói, Brazil (will be replaced by an Atacadão branch)
  • Colombia - In October 2012, Carrefour sold to Chilean retailer Cencosud all 72 stores in Colombia for $2.6 billion, with Cencosud converting all existing Carrefour hypermarkets to its Jumbo brand. Carrefour pulled out of Colombia to focus on its core markets.[37]
  • Czech Republic – In September 2005, Carrefour sold to Tesco (the biggest UK retailer) 11 stores in the Czech Republic. Tesco paid €57.4 million as well as its stores in Taiwan. Carrefour had opened its first store in 1998 in the Czech Republic, the stores use the Tesco name and brand now;
  • Greece – In 2017, all of the Carrefour stores were sold to greek supermarket brand Sklavenitis and will undergo major rebranding, in order to reflect the brand that now owns the stores.
  • Hong Kong – On 18 September 2000,[38][39] Carrefour closed its stores in Hong Kong after complaints from manufacturers about selling products (especially electronics) at prices far below those of its competitors.[40][citation needed] A company spokesman said at that time that the closures were due to "difficulties in finding sites suitable for developing its hypermarket concept and quickly acquiring a significant market share". Carrefour had entered the Hong Kong market in December 1996 with a store in Heng Fa Chuen and had later added stores in Tsuen Wan (Skyline Plaza), Tuen Mun, Yuen Long and Tsim Sha Tsui. Plans to open additional stores in Ma On Shan, Tseung Kwan O and Yau Tsim Mong had been cancelled.[39]
  • Japan – In early 2003, Carrefour sold its 8 hypermarkets to AEON Group and changed branding for the only supermarket in Wisma Atria (Tokyo) as Lotte Mart. It happened due to renovations.[citation needed]
  • Malaysia – Carrefour entered Malaysia in 1994 sold its 26 hypermarkets to AEON Group in November 2012.[41] The hypermarkets was rebranded as AEON BIG, and operates with an orange logo, compared to the magenta logo used by its parent company and existing JUSCO stores in the country, the outlets in Kota Damansara and Jalan Ipoh was first to be changed from Carrefour to AEON BIG;[42]
  • Mexico – In March 2005, Carrefour sold its 29 hypermarkets in Mexico to Chedraui. Carrefour had opened its first store in 1995 in Mexico;
  • Portugal – Carrefour entered Portugal by buying its first stores in 1991 – two Euromaché hypermarkets, in Telheiras (a Lisbon neighbourhood) and Vila Nova de Gaia (suburbs of Porto); This chain was known to have very good quality products, mainly from French origin, when in July 2007 Carrefour sold all of its 12 hypermarkets and 9 fuel stations to Sonae for €662 million. Also included were 11 licenses for opening new commercial spaces. Nowadays only the 365 hard-discount supermarkets (Minipreço) are supported by Carrefour in this country, not included in the takeover.
  • Russia – Carrefour entered Russian market in the summer of 2009. In October 2009, only a month after it opened its second hypermarket in the country, Carrefour announced it was exiting Russia.
  • Singapore – In 2012, Carrefour's stores were primarily replaced by Giant Hyper (Suntec City) and Cold Storage.
  • South Korea – In 2006, Carrefour sold its 32 hypermarkets to E-Land. The stores have been re-branded as Homever but 2008 E-Land sold its 30 hypermarkets to Homeplusstores The stores have been re-branded as Homepl.
  • Switzerland – In August 2007 Carrefour sold its 12 hypermarkets in Switzerland to Swiss retailer Coop for $390 million;[43]
  • Thailand – Carrefour's business in Thailand was sold to Big C Supercenter Public Company Limited, the owner of Big C hypermarket stores in Thailand due to complaints. The transaction is completed in March 2011, with the Suwintawong branch being the first changed brand store from Carrefour to Big C.[44] Carrefour entered the Thai market in 1996.
  • United Kingdom – Carrefour had several hypermarkets in the UK until the end of the 1980s. The first of them opened in the early 1970s in Caerphilly, South Wales, this is credited as the first hypermarket opened in Great Britain.[45]
  • United States – Carrefour opened hypermarkets in Philadelphia (in 1988) and Voorhees Township, New Jersey (in 1992). Both stores closed in 1994, some associates wore roller skates to facilitate moving about the large buildings. The Voorhees location now houses a Kohl's department store, a Raymour & Flanigan furniture store, and a Marshalls discount clothing store (it had also been partially a Pathmark supermarket, but it closed shortly afterwards). The Philadelphia location, within what is now known as the Philadelphia Mills Mall complex, was partitioned into smaller stores after Carrefour's closing to include a Bradlees store (converted to a Walmart after Bradlees went out of business in 2001, now vacant with Walmart's move to the mall proper in 2015), a Boater's World store (also now vacant), a Service Merchandise store (in space now occupied by a Raymour & Flanigan furniture store) and a Bob's store (now Dick's Sporting Goods).

Stores per region[edit]

Carrefour around the world (2012)
  Current locations
  To be closed
  Former locations

Asia[edit]

Country First store Hypermarkets Supermarkets Hard Discounters Cash & Carry
China 1995 231[46] – – –
Bahrain 2008 1 – – –
Japan 2000 7 – – –
Jordan 2006 3 14 – –
Kuwait 2007 1 – – –
Lebanon 2013 1 – – –
Oman 2000 7 – – –
Pakistan 2009 6 – –
Indonesia 1998 88 – – –
Iran 2009 3 4 – –
Iraq 2012 3 1 – –
Qatar 2000 3 1 – –
Saudi Arabia 2004 11 4 – –
Syria 2009 1 – – –
Taiwan 1989 64 33 – –
United Arab Emirates[47] 1995 19 28 – –

The stores in Iran and Pakistan are operated by MAF under the name of Hyperstar.

Africa[edit]

Country First store Hypermarkets Supermarkets Hard Discounters Cash & Carry
Egypt 2002 10 26 – –
Morocco 2000 10 30 – –
Tunisia 2001 1 69* – 1
Kenya 2016 2[32][33] – – –

Carrefour has left Algeria in 2009, and opened in Morocco.
*37 Carrefour Market and 32 Carrefour Express, which are smaller supermarkets.[48]

Europe[edit]

Country First store Hypermarkets Supermarkets Hard Discounters Convenience Stores Cash & Carry
Albania 2011 2 15 – – –
Armenia 2015 1 – – – –
Belgium 1969 45 370 – 225 –
France 1960 221 1,021 897 3,245 134
Georgia 2012 2 4 – – –
Italy 1993 57 412 – 586 13
Macedonia 2012 1 1 – – –
Monaco – – 1[49] – – –
Poland 1997 84 277 – 5 –
Portugal 1991 – – 365 – –
Romania 2001 25 77 – –
Spain 1973 173 162 - 122 114
Slovakia 2000 5 0 0
Turkey 1993 73 99 519 – –
Carrefour has 173 hypermarkets in Spain, the second most important country of the Carrefour group.

On 15 October 2009, Carrefour announced plans to sell its Russian business, citing "absence of sufficient organic growth and acquisition opportunities".[50]

Americas[edit]

  • Carrefour has a presence in three countries in the Americas: Brazil (who is the biggest market outside France), Argentina, and the Dominican Republic. Carrefour is active in three types of retail distribution: hypermarkets, supermarkets and hard discounters, and entered the Cash & Carry market in Brazil, after the purchase of Atacadão.[51] Carrefour was also active in Mexico between 1995 and 2005, when the 29 hypermarkets opened at the moment were sold to Chedraui. Carrefour also used to have a presence in Colombia until they pulled out of the country in 2012 to focus on their core markets. Chilean retailer Cencosud bought all 72 of Carrefour's hypermarket locations and converted them to Jumbo.[52]
Country First store Hypermarkets Supermarkets Hard Discounters Convenience Stores Cash & Carry
Argentina 1982 59 103 395 – –
Brazil 1975 163 38 305 5 34
Dominican Republic 2000 5 10 – 20 85

Store brands[edit]

8 à Huit store in Étretat
Hypermarkets

Carrefour, Atacadão,[53]

Supermarkets

Carrefour Bairro, Carrefour Market[53] (Formerly Champion as of 2008), Champion Mapinomovaoe, Globi, Carrefour GB, GS, Carrefour Mini, Gima, Supeco[54]

Convenience stores

Carrefour Express,[53] Carrefour City,[53] Carrefour Contact,[53] Carrefour Montagne, 5 minutes, 8 à Huit, Marché Plus,[55] Proxi (supermarket), Sherpa, Dìperdì, Smile Market, Express, Shopi (supermarket)

Cash & Carry

Promocash, Docks Market, Gross IPer

Carrefour City, Paris

Carrefour Foundation[edit]

The Carrefour Foundation (Fondation d'Enterprise Carrefour) is a philanthropic fund created by Carrefour in 2000 to support social welfare programmes 'linked to [its] core business as a retailer' in countries the company operates and in countries where its suppliers are located.[56]

Criticism and controversies[edit]

The Carrefour supermarket at Faa'a, Tahiti, French Polynesia

On 1 May 2007, more than 30 employees of the now closed Carrefour Ratu Plaza, Jakarta, Indonesia, were taken to the Central Pertamina Hospital (Rumah Sakit Pusat Pertamina), after being affected by CO2. The hypermarket was located on the mall's basement, which offered insufficient ventilation.[57]

On 26 June 2007, the company was convicted in a French court for false advertising, the suit alleged that Carrefour regularly stocked insufficient quantities of advertised products for sale. In addition, the company was convicted of selling products below cost and accepting kickbacks from wholesalers. Carrefour was ordered to pay a fine of €2 million and to prominently and legibly display a notice in all of its French stores disclosing the false advertising.[58]

In Carrefour Mangga Dua Square, Jakarta, Indonesia, a 5-metre high metal rack fell on top of a 3-year-old boy, killing him almost instantly due to internal bleeding.[when?][59] Afterwards, the victim's family claimed that Carrefour has refused to meet with them to settle the case.[60] However, Carrefour Corporate Affairs Officer denied this allegation[61]

Carrefour has also received criticism for engaging in sweatshop practices.[62]

On 7 May 2009, the French government asked a tribunal to fine Carrefour some €220,000 for more than 2,500 violations. Meat products lacked proper tracking information (more than 25% of inventory at some locations), and some products had incorrect labels – such as meat products that "shrank" in weight by 15% after receiving labels, the chain sold products that had long since passed their expiration dates, including, in one case, packs of baby formula that had expired six months earlier. Some 1,625 frozen and refrigerated products were found that had been stored in warehouses at ambient temperature.[63]

Boycott of supplies in China[edit]

A Carrefour outlet in Beijing, China, promotes the use of canvas bags as opposed to plastic bags prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics.

In April 2008, after the 2008 Olympic torch relay was disrupted by Tibetan independence advocates in London and especially Paris, where some protesters attempted to wrest control of the torch from torch bearers, Chinese activists have promoted boycotting Carrefour because of its French roots.[64] The boycott of Carrefour in particular was further fueled by unsubstantiated rumours that a major shareholder, Moët Hennessy – Louis Vuitton, had donated to the Dalai Lama; in its response, Carrefour China stated that it does support the Beijing Olympics; and that they will never do anything to harm the feelings of the Chinese people.[65] Protests occurred in and around a number of Carrefour outlets throughout China, and anti-Carrefour advocates campaigned for a one-day boycott of Carrefour on May Day, a public holiday in China.

As a result of the boycott, Chinese search engines Baidu.com.cn and sina.com blocked access to Carrefour's website in China for a short time. Users searching Carrefour in China, were sent an error page indicating "The search result may contain illegal content, so we can not display the result." in Chinese.[66]

Building collapse at Savar[edit]

Main article: 2013 Savar building collapse

On 24 April 2013, the eight-story Rana Plaza commercial building collapsed in Savar, a sub-district near Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. At least 1,127 people died and over 2,438 were injured,[67] the factory housed a number of separate garment factories employing around 5,000 people, several shops, and a bank[68] and manufactured apparel for brands including the Benetton Group, Joe Fresh,[69] The Children's Place, Primark, Monsoon, and DressBarn.[70][71] Of the 29 brands identified as having sourced products from the Rana Plaza factories, only 9 attended meetings held in November 2013 to agree a proposal on compensation to the victims. Several companies refused to sign including Walmart, Carrefour, Bonmarché, Mango, Auchan and Kik. The agreement was signed by Primark, Loblaw, Bonmarche and El Corte Ingles.[72]

Slavery in Thailand[edit]

In 2014, the Guardian reported, that Carrefour is a client of Charoen Pokphand Foods, during 6 months the Guardian traced down the whole chain from slave ships in Asian waters to leading producers and retailers.[73]

Slogans[edit]

French slogans[edit]

  • 1988–2003 : With Carrefour, I'm positive (Avec Carrefour, je positive)
  • 2003–2007 : Energy Wise
  • 2007–2009 : Quality for all
  • 2009–2010 : Positive is back (Le positif est de retour)
  • 2010–2011 : Positively every day (Du positif chaque jour)
  • 2012-2015 : Low in price... but high in trust (Les prix bas... La confiance en plus)
  • Since 2015 : I optimism (J'optimisme)

International slogans[edit]

  • Hypermarkets: "Choice and quality for everyone"
  • Hypermarkets: "Low prices, and so much more!"
  • Hypermarkets: "Está bueno para vos" and "Los precios más bajos, siempre" (Argentina), it means "It's good for you" and "The lowest prices, always" respectively.
  • Hypermarkets: "Ninguém faz melhor que o primeiro" (Brazil), meaning "Nobody does better than the first", referring to the fact that Carrefour is the world's first hypermarket and also Brazil's first hypermarket and to other Carrefour firsts, such as the "Lowest price or the difference back" policy.
  • Hypermarkets: "Faz Carrefour" (Brazil), "Do It Carrefour"
  • Hypermarkets: "Carrefour, chévere!" (Colombia), it means "Carrefour, nice!".
  • Hypermarkets: "Life, the way I want it" (Singapore)
  • Hypermarkets: "Untuk hidup yang lebih baik" (Indonesia), it means "For a better life"
  • Hypermarkets: "Pentru o viaţă mai bună" (Romania), it means "For a better life"
  • Supermarkets: "The prices people want, close to home"
  • Hard Discount: "Grocery products at low, low prices"
  • Convenience Stores: "Just what you need, right next door"
  • Cash & Carry: "Proximity and accessibility for catering professionals"
  • Hypermarkets, Cash & Carry: "Καθε μέρα για σένα"(Cyprus) means "Every day, for you"
  • Hypermarkets: "Pozytywnie każdego dnia" (Poland), it means "Positively every day" and "To wszystko dla Ciebie" (Poland), it means "It's all for You"

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  3. ^ Frankfurt Stock Exchange Archived 19 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
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External links[edit]

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