1.
Wild Flag
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Wild Flag was an American four-piece indie rock/post-punk supergroup based in Portland, Oregon and Washington, D. C. The group consisted of Carrie Brownstein, Mary Timony, Rebecca Cole and Janet Weiss, the members of Wild Flag have extensive musical histories prior to forming their current band. Carrie Brownstein played in Excuse 17 from 1993 to 1995 and then more famously played in Sleater-Kinney from 1994 until 2006 when the band went on hiatus. Mary Timony played guitar and shared vocals in Autoclave in the early nineties, Rebecca Cole played drums in The Minders from 1996 to 2008 before becoming the keyboardist for Wild Flag. The existence of Wild Flag was first announced by Carrie Brownstein via a blog post on National Public Radio’s All Songs Considered blog, of which she was a contributor, in September 2010. She said that she had called together her friends a year ago and tried to form a band, no songs were posted and the biography was short and strange, What is the sound of an avalanche taking out a dolphin. What do get when you cross a hamburger with a hot dog, Brownstein and Timony previously collaborated in the late 1990s, when they were still in Sleater-Kinney and Helium respectively. Their side project band The Spells released one EP, The Age of Backwards, on K Records in 1999, in the summer of 2000 they recorded four more songs for a prospective album, but it was never completed. The four songs remained unreleased until 2008 when Brownstein released them online through National Public Radio’s Monitor Mix blog, the first Wild Flag single, Future Crimes backed with Glass Tambourine, was released on Record Store Day 2011. A second single, Romance was premiered June 18,2011 and their eponymous debut album was released on September 13,2011 on Merge Records. They appeared on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon on January 6,2012, by 2014, the band was no longer active. In an interview, Brownstein stated, We had a fun run…, tour dates were announced for the West Coast, giving fans little prior exposure to the musical sound of the band. They played their first show in Olympia, Washington to a crowd of 200 fans and this was the first official time that fans of the band got to hear what the band sounded like. Song titles were announced during the course of the set like Racehorse, the band traveled from Washington down to the state of California throughout November 2010. On November 2,2010, Wild Flag was listed on the South By Southwest website in the first round of invited acts to play for the festival in March 2011. Tour dates for the East coast were announced for the month of March, the band were chosen by Les Savy Fav to perform at the ATP Nightmare Before Christmas festival that they co-curate in December 2011 in Minehead, England. Wild Flag US #53 Future Crimes backed with Glass Tambourine Romance Merge Records Artist Page, Wild Flag Ground Control Touring Artist Page, Wild Flag
2.
Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival
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It was co-founded by Paul Tollett and Rick Van Santen in 1999, and is organized by Goldenvoice, a subsidiary of AEG Live as of 2001. The event features many genres of music, including rock, indie, hip hop, across the grounds, several stages continuously host live music. The main stages are the, Coachella Stage, Gobi Tent, Mojave Tent, Outdoor Theatre, and Sahara Tent, the festivals origins trace back to a 1993 concert that Pearl Jam performed at the Empire Polo Club while boycotting venues controlled by Ticketmaster. After no event was held in 2000, Coachella returned on an annual basis beginning in April 2001, in 2002, the festival reverted to a two-day format. Coachella was expanded to a day in 2007 and eventually a second weekend in 2012, it is currently held on consecutive three-day weekends in April. Organizers began permitting spectators to camp on the grounds in 2003, Coachella showcases popular and established musical artists, as well as emerging artists and reunited groups. Coachella is one of the largest, most famous, and most profitable music festivals in the United States, the 2016 festival sold 198,000 tickets and grossed $94.2 million. On November 5,1993, Pearl Jam performed for almost 25,000 fans at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, the site was selected because the band refused to play in Los Angeles as a result of a dispute with Ticketmaster. Around 1997, Goldenvoice was struggling to book concerts against larger companies, Tollett said, We were getting our ass kicked financially. We were losing a lot of bands, and we couldnt compete with the money. As a result, the idea of a festival was conceived. While attending the 1997 Glastonbury Festival, Tollett began to brainstorm ideas for a festival of his own with multiple venues. His intent was to book artists who were not necessarily chart successes, Maybe if you put a bunch of them together. Press coverage leading up to the inaugural Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival was dominated by Woodstock 1999, a festival in July 1999 that was marred by looting, arson, violence, and rapes. Goldenvoices insurance costs increased 40% as a result and they faced uncertainty regarding Coachellas tickets, organizers were already aiming to provide a high-comfort festival experience for Coachella but rededicated themselves to those efforts after Woodstock 1999. Advertisements boasted free water fountains, ample restrooms, and misting tents, on October 9–10,1999, the inaugural Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival was held. Headlining the event were Beck, the Chemical Brothers, Tool, Morrissey, originally, promoters had hoped to make the event three days and even considered the UK band Massive Attack as the third-day headliner. The organizers strived to recreate European music festivals with small crowds in a setting with plenty of turntables
3.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
4.
Washington (state)
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It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, Washington is the 18th largest state with an area of 71,362 square miles, and the 13th most populous state with over 7 million people. Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States, Mount Rainier, an active stratovolcano, is the states highest elevation at almost 14,411 feet and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States. Washington is a leading lumber producer and its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir, hemlock, ponderosa pine, white pine, spruce, larch, and cedar. Manufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles, shipbuilding and other equipment, lumber, food processing, metals and metal products, chemicals. Washington has over 1,000 dams, including the Grand Coulee Dam, built for a variety of purposes including irrigation, power, flood control, the Washington Territory was named after George Washington, the first President of the United States. The area was part of a region called the Columbia District after the Columbia River. The area was renamed Washington in order to avoid confusion with the District of Columbia, Washington is the only U. S. state named after a president. To distinguish it from the U. S. capital, which is named for George Washington, Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State, or, in more formal contexts. Washingtonians and other residents of the Pacific Northwest refer to the state simply as Washington, calling the nations capital Washington, D. C. or, often, Washington is the northwestern-most state of the contiguous United States. Washington is bordered by Oregon to the south, with the Columbia River forming the western part, to the west of Washington lies the Pacific Ocean. The high mountains of the Cascade Range run north-south, bisecting the state, from the Cascade Mountains westward, Western Washington has a mostly marine west coast climate, with mild temperatures and wet winters, autumns and springs, and relatively dry summers. The Cascade Range contains several volcanoes, which reach altitudes significantly higher than the rest of the mountains, from the north to the south, these major volcanoes are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain in the state, is 50 miles south of the city of Seattle and it is also covered with more glacial ice than any other peak in the contiguous 48 states. Western Washington also is home of the Olympic Mountains, far west on the Olympic Peninsula and these deep forests, such as the Hoh Rainforest, are among the only temperate rainforests in the continental United States. Eastern Washington – the part of the state east of the Cascades – has a dry climate. It includes large areas of steppe and a few truly arid deserts lying in the rain shadow of the Cascades. Farther east, the climate becomes less arid, with annual rainfall increasing as one goes east to 21.2 inches in Pullman, the Okanogan Highlands and the rugged Kettle River Range and Selkirk Mountains cover much of the northeastern quadrant of the state
5.
Redmond, Washington
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Redmond is a city in King County, Washington, United States, located 16 miles east of Seattle, within the Seattle metropolitan area. The population is 60,560 in 2016, an increase from the 2010 census, Redmond is commonly recognized as the home of Microsoft and Nintendo of America. With an annual race on city streets and the states only velodrome. Redmond is bordered by Kirkland to the west, Bellevue to the southwest, unincorporated King County lies to the north and east. The citys urban downtown lies just north of Lake Sammamish, residential areas lie north, Overlake, the citys second urban center, is to the west of Lake Sammamish. The Sammamish River runs north from the lake along the west edge of the citys downtown, Redmond is located at 47°40′10″N 122°07′26″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 16.94 square miles. Redmond, like most of the Pacific Northwest, has mild weather, summers tend to be warm and dry, with low rainfall and sunny or partly sunny from June to September. Winters tend to be cool and wet, with November being the rainiest month, snowfall is uncommon, with the most common cold air being in a form of a high pressure system, driving out the rains from the area. However, snowfall is not as rare as in cities like Seattle near the moderating effects of Puget Sound. The average warmest month is August, the highest recorded temperature was 103 °F in 2009. On average, the coolest month is January, the lowest recorded temperature was 1 °F in 1961. The maximum average precipitation occurs in December, According to a 2015 estimate, the annual median income for a household in the city was $99,586. The average home value in 2014 was $649,000, as of the census of 2010, there were 54,144 people,22,550 households, and 13,890 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,325.8 inhabitants per square mile, there were 24,177 housing units at an average density of 1,485.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 65. 2% White,1. 7% African American,0. 4% Native American,25. 4% Asian,0. 2% Pacific Islander,3. 2% from other races, and 4. 0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7. 8% of the population,29. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the family size was 2.98
6.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
7.
Indie rock
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Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Originally used to independent record labels, the term became associated with the music they produced and was initially used interchangeably with alternative rock. In the mid-1980s, the term began to be used to describe the music produced on punk and post-punk labels. Some prominent indie rock record labels were founded during the 1980s, during the 1990s, Grunge bands broke into the mainstream, and the term alternative lost its original counter-cultural meaning. The term indie rock became associated with the bands and genres that remained dedicated to their independent status, by the end of the 1990s indie rock developed subgenres and related styles including lo-fi, noise pop, emo, slowcore, post-rock and math rock. In the 2000s, changes in the industry and in music technology enabled a new wave of indie rock bands to achieve mainstream success. In the early 2000s, a new group of bands played a stripped-down. The commercial breakthrough from these scenes was led by four bands, The Strokes, The White Stripes, The Hives, emo also broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s. By the end of the 2000s the proliferation of bands was being referred to as indie landfill. The term indie rock, which comes from independent, describes the small and relatively low-budget labels on which it is released, the influences and styles of the artists have been extremely diverse, including punk, psychedelia, post-punk and country. Allmusic identifies indie rock as including a number of varying musical approaches compatible with mainstream tastes, in fact, there is an everlasting list of genres and subgenres of indie rock. Many countries have developed a local indie scene, flourishing with bands with enough popularity to survive inside the respective country. However, there are still indie bands that start off locally, Indie rock has been identified as a reaction against the macho culture that developed in alternative rock in the aftermath of Nirvanas success. However, Cortney Harding pointed out that this sense of equality is not reflected in the number of women running indie labels. The BBC documentary Music for Misfits, The Story of Indie pinpoints the birth of indie as the 1977 self-publication of the Spiral Scratch EP by Manchester band Buzzcocks, Indie pop and indie were originally synonymous. In the mid-1980s, indie began to be used to describe the music produced on post-punk labels rather than the labels themselves. The indie rock scene in the US was prefigured by the rock that dominated college radio playlists. In the United States, the term was associated with the abrasive, distortion-heavy sounds of the Pixies, Hüsker Dü, Minutemen, Meat Puppets, Dinosaur Jr
8.
Riot grrrl
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Riot grrrl is an underground feminist punk movement that originated in the early 1990s in Washington state and the greater Pacific Northwest. It also had origins in Washington, D. C and it is a subcultural movement that combines feminist consciousness and punk style and politics. It is often associated with feminism, which is sometimes seen as its starting point. Riot grrrl bands often address issues such as rape, domestic abuse, sexuality, racism, patriarchy, in addition to a music scene and genre, riot grrrl is a subculture involving a DIY ethic, zines, art, political action, and activism. Riot grrrls are known to hold meetings, start chapters, and support, during the late 1970s and early and mid-1980s there were a number of female punk and rock musicians that later influenced the riot grrrl ethos. The 1980s also featured a number of folk singers from New York whose lyrics were realistic and socio-political. In 1987, the magazine Sassy premiered and dealt with subjects that conventional magazines aimed at teenage girls did not. An article Women, sex and rock and roll published by Puncture in 1989 became the first manifesto of the movement, in 1991, a radio program hosted by Lois Maffeo entitled Your Dream Girl aimed at angry young women debuted on Olympia, Washington radio station KAOS. During the early 1990s the Seattle/Olympia Washington area had a sophisticated do it yourself infrastructure, young women involved in underground music scenes took advantage of this to articulate their feminist thoughts and desires through creating punk-rock fanzines and forming garage bands. The political model of collage-based, photocopied handbills and booklets was already used by the movement as a way to activate underground music, leftist politics. There was a discomfort among many women in the movement who felt that they had no space for organizing. Many women found that while they identified with a larger, music-oriented subculture, Women at the punk-rock shows saw themselves as girlfriends of the boys, so they took it upon themselves to represent their own interests by making their own fanzines, music and art. Young feminist voices were heard through multiple protests, actions, and events such as the opening night of the International Pop Underground Convention. Uses and meanings of the riot grrrl developed slowly over time. Bratmobile member Jen Smith, used the phrase girl riot in a letter to Allison Wolfe describing the atmosphere among women in the city. Riot grrrls took a double or triple r, placing it in the word girl. Although theyre known for frequently denying exclusive credit for the movement, Kathleen Hanna had been studying at The Evergreen State College in Olympia. She participated in a collective art gallery called Reko Muse
9.
Sleater-Kinney
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Sleater-Kinney is an American rock band that formed in Olympia, Washington, in 1994. The bands lineup features Corin Tucker, Carrie Brownstein, and Janet Weiss, Sleater-Kinney is a key part of the riot grrrl and indie rock scenes in the Pacific Northwest. The band is known for its feminist and left-leaning politics. The band released 7 studio albums between 1994 and 2005, Sleater-Kinney, Call the Doctor, Dig Me Out, The Hot Rock, All Hands on the Bad One, One Beat and they went on hiatus in 2006 and devoted themselves to solo projects. They reunited in 2014 and released No Cities to Love on January 20,2015, critics Greil Marcus and Robert Christgau have each praised Sleater-Kinney as one of the essential rock groups of the early 2000s. Marcus named Sleater-Kinney Americas best rock band in 2001, tom Breihan of Stereogum called them the greatest rock band of the past two decades in 2015. Sleater-Kinney was formed in early 1994 in Olympia, Washington, by Corin Tucker, the groups name is derived from Sleater Kinney Road, in Lacey, Washington, where signs for Interstate 5 exit number 108 announce its existence. One of the early practice spaces was near Sleater Kinney Road. Tucker was formerly in the riot grrrl band Heavens to Betsy. They often played at together and formed Sleater-Kinney as a side-project from their respective bands. When Heavens to Betsy and Excuse 17 disbanded, Sleater-Kinney became their primary focus, Janet Weiss of Quasi is the bands longest lasting and current drummer, though Sleater-Kinney has had other drummers, including Lora Macfarlane, Misty Farrell, and Toni Gogin. Upon Tuckers graduation from The Evergreen State College, she and then-girlfriend Brownstein took a trip to Australia in early 1994 and their last day there, they stayed up all night recording what would become their self-titled debut album. It was released the following spring and they followed this with Call the Doctor and Dig Me Out, and became critical darlings as a result. From Dig Me Out onwards, the drummer was Janet Weiss. Their next few albums pushed the band towards mainstream listeners, culminating in 2002s One Beat, the Woods was released in 2005, and was a departure from the sound of their previous albums. In its place, The Woods featured a denser, heavily distorted sound that drew on classic rock as its inspiration, in 2006 they helped to curate an edition of the British All Tomorrows Parties festival. On June 27,2006, the band announced an indefinite hiatus, sleater-Kinneys last major public show at this time was at the 2006 Lollapalooza music festival. The bands last appearance prior to the hiatus was at the Crystal Ballroom in Portland, No explanation for the hiatus was given
10.
Fred Armisen
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Fereydun Robert Fred Armisen is an American actor, comedian, voice artist, screenwriter, producer, singer, and musician. Widely known as a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 2002 until 2013, Armisen has portrayed characters in films, including EuroTrip, Anchorman. With his comedy partner Carrie Brownstein, Armisen is the co-creator, Armisen founded ThunderAnt. com, a website that features the comedy sketches created with Brownstein, and is the bandleader for the Late Night with Seth Meyers house band, The 8G Band. He has also won two Peabody Awards, one in 2008 as part of the Saturday Night Live political satire cast, Armisen was born on December 4,1966, in Hattiesburg, Mississippi but moved to New York as a baby and briefly lived in Brazil in his youth. He was raised in Valley Stream, Long Island, New York and his mother, Hildegardt Mirabal, a schoolteacher, is from Venezuela. His father, Fereydun Armisen, who worked for IBM, was born in Germany, to a Japanese father, Armisen attended the School of Visual Arts before dropping out to begin a career as a rock drummer. He has mentioned watching the bands The Clash and Devo perform on television, in 1984, Armisen played drums in a local band along with his high school friends in Valley Stream, New York, but the group soon ended. In 1988, he moved to Chicago to play drums for the rock band Trenchmouth. Armisen played drums on three tracks for Les Savy Favs 2007 album Lets Stay Friends, as well as tracks for Matthew Sweets 2011 album Modern Art and Wandering Lucys 2015 album Leap Year. Armisen is currently the bandleader and drummer of the 8G Band on Late Night with Seth Meyers, while not playing with the band Trenchmouth, Armisens interests switched to acting. In a January 2006 interview, he said, I wanted to be on TV somehow, for some reason, I always thought it would be an indirect route, I didnt know that it would be comedy and Saturday Night Live. I just wanted to do something with performing that would lead me there, in the 2004 season, he was promoted to a repertory cast member. Armisen stars in the IFC sketch series Portlandia alongside Carrie Brownstein and he and fellow Saturday Night Live alum Bill Hader write, produce, and star in the IFC mockumentary series Documentary Now. In the Cartoon Network series The Looney Tunes Show, Armisen voices Speedy Gonzales, Armisen, along with Carrie Brownstein, appeared on the Simpsons episode The Day the Earth Stood Cool, in which they play The Simpsons new neighbors who encourage everyone to be cool like them. The following is a partial list of notable roles Armisen has played in Saturday Night Live sketches, at the time of his 2013 departure from the show, Armisen was the third-longest tenured cast member, having been a member since Season 28. Armisen hosted the season 41 finale on May 21,2016, billy Smith – a Native American stand-up comedian who tells Native-American-themed jokes that no one understands. Fericito – a Venezuelan nightclub comedian who has his own TV show, Show Biz Grande Explosion with sidekick Manuel, gunther Kelly – A student at George Washington University who performs songs on Weekend Update with his brother Patrick. Leonard – the strange European host of the music show Club Traxx
11.
Portlandia (TV series)
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Portlandia is a sketch comedy television series set and filmed in and around Portland, Oregon, starring Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein. The show is produced by Broadway Video Television and IFC Original Productions and it was created by Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein, along with Jonathan Krisel, who directs it. It debuted on IFC on January 21,2011, the show shares its title with the sculpture of the same name that sits above the entrance of the Portland Building on Fifth Avenue in downtown Portland, which appears in the shows title sequence. The show has won a Peabody Award, in January 2017, the series was renewed for an eighth and final season to debut in 2018. Brownstein and Armisen first met in 2003 and began collaborating on a series of sketches for the Internet in 2005 titled ThunderAnt. In July 2009, the duo pitched their idea for a sketch comedy show to IFC and Lorne Michaels Broadway Video production company. Some of the content on the show first appeared in the web series, the series is set and filmed on location in Portland, Oregon. Production for the first season, consisting of six episodes, began in August 2010 and was completed in September 2010, the budget for the first season was set at less than $1 million. Lorne Michaels served as executive producer, the series stars Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein in various roles. Josh Homme of Queens of the Stone Age, Gus Van Sant, Tim Robbins, Martina Navratilova, Jeff Goldblum, Joanna Newsom, Annie Clark, Jack White, actual Portland mayor Sam Adams is also featured as an assistant to the mayor. On February 14,2011, IFC ordered a second season. On March 21,2012, IFC announced its renewal of the show for a third season, on June 12,2013, the network announced its renewal of Portlandia for fourth and fifth seasons, of ten episodes each, that aired in early 2014 and early 2015. On February 10,2015, the series was renewed for a two seasons. On February 10,2015, it was announced that IFC had picked up Portlandia for sixth and seventh seasons, most of the sketches on Portlandia feature Armisen and Brownstein playing one of a variety of pairs of characters, most of which appear in multiple episodes. One of those pairings is Fred and Carrie, a depiction that is supposed to represent versions of the actors as if they were friends living together in a house in Portland. Most of the others use makeup, costumes, and wigs to depict pairings both young and old of various types. There are also a number of recurring characters played by other actors, such as the Mayor of Portland and his assistant, Fred and Carries landlord, Angel. Portlandia debuted on IFC on January 21,2011. com, Hulu, as of May 1,2012 the series was available to watch on Netflix in Ireland and the UK
12.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
13.
Peabody Award
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Reflecting excellence in quality, rather than popularity or commercial success, the Peabody is awarded to about 25–35 winners annually from more than 1,000 entries. Because submissions are accepted from a variety of sources and styles. Each entry is evaluated on the achievement of standards it establishes within its own contexts, entries are self-selected by those making submissions, for which a US$350 fee is required. In 1938, the National Association of Broadcasters formed a committee to recognize outstanding achievement in radio broadcasting. Fellow WSB employee Lessie Smithgall introduced Lambdin to John E. Drewry, of the University of Georgias Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, the Peabody Award was established in 1940 with the Grady College of Journalism as its permanent home. The Peabody Awards were originally only for radio, but in 1948 television awards were introduced, in the late 1990s additional categories for material distributed via the World Wide Web were added. Materials created solely for theatrical motion picture release are not eligible, the Peabody Awards judging process is unusually rigorous. Board members discuss recommended entries as well as their own selections at intensive preliminary meetings in Los Angeles and Washington, the Board convenes at the Peabody Offices on the University of Georgia campus in late March for final screenings and deliberations. Each entrant is judged on its own merit, and only unanimously selected programs receive Peabodys, there is no set number of Peabodys, the all-time record for Peabody recipients in a single year is 46 Awards in 2013. George Foster Peabody, namesake of the awards, was a successful investment banker who devoted much of his fortune to education. John E. Drewry was the first dean of the University of Georgias Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and he accepted the position of dean when it was created in 1940. That same year he helped Lambdin Kay, general manager of Atlantas WSB Radio, dr. Worth McDougald served as Director of the Peabody Awards program from 1963 until his retirement in 1991. Barry Sherman was the Director of the George Foster Peabody Awards program at the University of Georgia from 1991 until his death in 2000. Horace Newcomb held the Lambdin Kay Chair for the Peabodys in the Grady College of Journalism, jeffrey P. Jones succeeded Horace Newcomb in July 2013 as the Lambdin Kay Chair for the Peabodys in the Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Georgia. Each spring, Peabody organizers announce award recipients for work covering the previous year, traditionally, the winners announcements have been made via a simple press release and/or a press conference. In recent years, however, organizers have taken to television to reveal some Peabody recipients in an effort to expand the publics awareness of the awards. An April 2014 segment of CBS This Morning included an announcement of 2013 Peabody winners, in April 2015, the 2014 Peabodys were revealed over an 8-day period, with the entertainment-based recipients revealed on ABCs Good Morning America. The formal presentations of the Peabody Awards are traditionally held in late May or early June, the ceremony for 2014 recipients were held for the first time at night in a May 31,2015 award ceremony to be hosted by Fred Armisen
14.
American Jews
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American Jews, also known as Jewish Americans, are Americans who are Jews, either by religion, ethnicity, or nationality. The Jewish community in the United States is composed predominantly of Ashkenazi Jews and their US-born descendants, Minority Jewish ethnic divisions are also represented, including Sephardic Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and a smaller percentage of converts to Judaism. The American Jewish community manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions, depending on religious definitions and varying population data, the United States is home to the largest or second largest Jewish community in the world. In 2012, the American Jewish population was estimated at between 5.5 and 8 million, depending on the definition of the term and this constitutes between 1. 7% and 2. 6% of the total U. S. population. Jews have been present in what is today the United States of America since the mid-17th century, however, they were small in number, with at most 200 to 300 having arrived by 1700. The majority were Sephardic Jewish immigrants of Spanish and Portuguese ancestry, until after 1720 when Ashkenazi Jews from Central, after passage of the Plantation Act of 1740, Jews were specifically permitted to become British citizens and immigrate to the colonies. Until about 1830, Charleston, South Carolina had more Jews than anywhere else in North America and they primarily became merchants and shop-owners. Jewish migration to the United States increased dramatically in the early 1880s, as a result of persecution, many Jews also emigrated from Romania. Over 2,000,000 Jews landed between the late 19th century and 1924, when the Immigration Act of 1924 restricted immigration, most settled in the New York metropolitan area, establishing the worlds major concentrations of Jewish population. In 1915 the circulation of the daily Yiddish newspapers was half a million in New York City alone, in addition thousands more subscribed to the numerous weekly papers and the many magazines. American Jewish writers of the time urged assimilation and integration into the wider American culture,500,000 American Jews fought in World War II, and after the war younger families joined the new trend of suburbanization. There, Jews became increasingly assimilated and demonstrated rising intermarriage, more recent waves of Jewish emigration from Russia and other regions have largely joined the mainstream American Jewish community. Americans of Jewish descent have been successful in many fields. Scholars debate whether the historical experience for Jews in the United States has been such a unique experience as to validate American exceptionalism. Korelitz shows how American Jews during the late 19th and early 20th centuries abandoned a racial definition of Jewishness in favor of one that embraced ethnicity. The key to understanding this transition from a racial self-definition to a cultural or ethnic one can be found in the ‘’Menorah Journal’’ between 1915 and 1925, siporin uses the family folklore of ethnic Jews to their collective history and its transformation into an historical art form. They tell us how Jews have survived being uprooted and transformed, many immigrant narratives bear a theme of the arbitrary nature of fate and the reduced state of immigrants in a new culture. By contrast, ethnic family narratives tend to show the more in charge of his life
15.
Lake Washington High School
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Lake Washington High School is a four-year public high school in Kirkland, Washington, a suburb east of Seattle. It is one of four high schools in the Lake Washington School District. Located in the Rose Hill neighborhood east of downtown Kirkland, LWHS competes in the KingCo 3A athletic conference, Kirkland High School opened in 1923, northwest of downtown Kirkland at the site of Heritage Park. With the formation of the Lake Washington School District in 1944 and it moved to its present location in 1949, with doors opening in January 1950. The former building became the high and was later known as Terrace Hall. Kirklands team name was the Hornets until 1935, when the class of that year decided to change the mascot to the Kangaroos, nearing six decades in age, the LWHS campus underwent an extended renovation project beginning in the summer of 2008. The new gymnasium opened during the 2009–10 school year, and the school building was completed during the summer of 2011. The renovation, including school parking lot, was completed in late December 2011, the new building was designed to facilitate the newly implemented house system. Formerly a senior school, LWHS added freshman to its campus in August 2012
16.
Jeremy Enigk
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Jeremy Enigk is an American singer-songwriter, vocalist and guitarist / multi-instrumentalist. He is known for being the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and keyboardist of the Seattle-based bands Sunny Day Real Estate, Enigk was born in Seattle, Washington, to Gary E. Enigk and Sherry Hammond Enigk. He is most widely known for his involvement with Sunny Day Real Estate where he served as singer, co-songwriter rhythm guitarist and keyboardist. During that bands first break-up, Enigk released the 1996 solo album, enigks conversion to Christianity in the mid-1990s was rumored to have been the catalyst for SDREs breakup. That was the first attempt that I ever had at completely writing all the music myself, but that was the only song. And then, shortly after that Sunny Day got back together, some of the songs on How It Feels actually. He has more recently fronted the band The Fire Theft, whose lineup is similar to that of Sunny Day Real Estate. Enigk was part of what would eventually become Poor Old Lu, Enigk rejoined the band for a single track in 1996, singing alongside Scott on the bands Straight Six EP, on the track, Digging Deep. He appeared on the soundtrack for the 2003 film The United States of Leland, in 2006, he followed Frog Queen with another solo album, World Waits on his own label, Lewis Hollow Records. A song from the album, Been Here Before, was included as an MP3 with Winamp, in June 2009, it was confirmed that Sunny Day Real Estate will be reuniting once again with the original line-up. But after some recording sessions, the band has been inactive for the time being. On February 9,2015, he announced a US tour focusing mainly on East and West coast venues and it was later revealed in March 2015 that the tour was the first step towards raising the necessary funds for an upcoming new album. On March 28,2015 he announced a campaign via the Pledgemusic website that is expected to also support the release of the upcoming new album. Sunny Day Real Estate, especially Enigk, are cited as progenitors of todays emo music. Mine – Me & My William. The Almost – Dirty and Left Out on Southern Weather Rosie Thomas – Paper Doll and These Friends of Mine on These Friends of Mine Official website SubPop website SDRE main page
17.
Open chord
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In music for stringed instruments, especially guitar, an open chord is a chord that includes one or more strings that are not fingered. An open string vibrates with more resonance than a string which is pressed down, thus in an open chord the strings ring, or sound, freer and fuller. On a regular six-string guitar, a chord can have from one to six open strings sounding. In contrast, all of the strings are fingered for a barre chord, guitarists use capos, which are devices that clamp down the strings to create a movable nut, to play open chords in different keys. With a capo on the first fret, an open A minor chord would sound like a B♭ minor chord, open chords on guitar are used in a wide range of popular music and traditional music styles. In guitar music, open chords are also called cowboy chords owing to their simplicity, when composers instruct string section players to play double stops or triple stops, they often include one or two open strings in the chord voicing, unless they are writing for a virtuoso soloist. When writing for amateur or youth ensembles, composers typically use open strings to form double stops, in this fashion, the player only has to stop one note. Using open strings in double stops and triple stops also improves the resonance and sustain of the chord, because open strings ring more fully and longer than stopped strings
18.
Western Washington University
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Western Washington University is one of six public universities in the U. S. state of Washington. It is located in Bellingham, and is the northernmost university in the contiguous United States, WWU was founded as the state-funded New Whatcom Normal School in 1893, succeeding a private school of teaching for women. Its current president is Sabah Randhawa, the former provost of Oregon State University, WWU offers a variety of bachelors and masters degrees. In 2014, there were 15,060 students,14,407 of whom were undergraduate students and its athletic teams are known as the Vikings and the school colors are Western blue, bay blue, and white. Western was established as the Northwest Normal School, a school for women, by Phoebe Judson in Lynden, Washington. The first official class entered in 1899, composed of 88 students, the institution that is now Western Washington University has since undergone several name changes. In 1901, the name was changed to State Normal School at Whatcom to reflect New Whatcoms name change. Twenty-four years later it became Western Washington State College and finally, in 1977, the 1960s was a period of especially rapid growth for Western, as its enrollment increased from 3,000 students to over 10,000 during the decade. Two years later, the Huxley College of the Environment, the nations first dedicated environmental science college, was founded and that same year, on a spring afternoon, students gained headlines by blocking Interstate 5 to protest the Vietnam War. Also in 1969, the College of Ethnic Studies was established, however, after being met with significant resistance, during the 1999–2000 school year, Western celebrated its centennial anniversary. Today, WWU has a student body currently consists of over 14,000 students. The university is the third largest in Washington after Washington State University at about 26,000 students, WWU is located in Bellingham, a city of about 80,000 people, overlooking Bellingham Bay and many of the San Juan Islands. The university is 90 miles north of Seattle,55 miles south of Vancouver, British Columbia, the university is located close to Interstate 5. The campus is 215 acres, including the 38-acre Sehome Arboretum, campus facilities include an electronic music studio, an air pollution lab, a motor vehicle research lab, a marine research lab, a wind tunnel, an electron microscope, and a neutron generator lab. Westerns Vehicle Research Institute has led Automobile Magazine to describe Western as very possibly the best school in the country for total car design, planning Accreditation Board The undergraduate honors program offers merit scholarships worth up to $5,000. These scholarships are awarded to applicants to the honors program. High-achieving freshmen from colleges in other states can enroll at Western at a reduced tuition level that is equivalent to a $30,000 four-year scholarship. In 2013, US News ranked Western Washington University as the top public masters granting university in the Pacific Northwest, Western was one of only two public schools ranked among the top 25 Master’s-Granting Universities category
19.
The Evergreen State College
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The Evergreen State College is an accredited public liberal arts college and a member of the Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges, located in Olympia, Washington, USA. Founded in 1967, Evergreen was formed to be an experimental and non-traditional college, full-time students enroll in interdisciplinary academic programs instead of classes. Programs typically offer students the opportunity to study several disciplines in a coordinated manner, faculty write narrative evaluations of students work in place of issuing grades. Evergreen offers a Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts and Bachelor of Science, Master of Environmental Studies, Master of Public Administration, in 2012, there were 4,509 students,4,193 of whom were undergraduates, and 240 faculty members. This report spurred the 1965 Washington legislature to create the Temporary Advisory Council on Public Higher Education to study the need, on January 24,1968, The Evergreen State College was selected from 31 choices as the name of the new institution. On November 1,1968, Charles J. McCann assumed the first presidency of the college, McCann and the founding faculty held the first day of classes October 4,1971 with 1128 students. McCann served from 1968 until stepping down to join the faculty June 6,1977 when former Governor Daniel J. Evans, who signed the legislation creating Evergreen, assumed the presidency. Evans left the presidents office abruptly in 1983 when he was appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy created by the death of Senator Henry M. Jackson, the largest building on campus is named in honor of Evans, the Daniel J. Evans Library Building. The entrance to the campus bears McCanns name, the Charles J. McCann plaza, in 2004, the college completed the 170, 000-square-foot Seminar II building, and a significant remodel of the Daniel J. Evans Library is now complete. In 1999, Mumia Abu-Jamal was invited to deliver the address by audiotape for the graduating class at the college. The entire campus comprises about 408 hectares, much of it forested land and this total includes 11 hectares of southern Puget Sound tidelands. In addition to the campus, there is also an organic farm as well as an urban campus located in Tacoma. According to U. S. News & World Reports 2009-2010 college rankings and it was ranked as the 5th best public college in the Masters West Category a region stretching from Texas to the Pacific. Author and former New York Times education editor Loren Pope cites Evergreen as one of two colleges in the United States in his book Colleges That Change Lives. In addition, The Princeton Review lists Evergreen as one of the Best Western Colleges for 2009-2010, Evergreen State teams, nicknamed athletically as the Geoducks, are part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, primarily competing in the Cascade Collegiate Conference. Mens sports include basketball, cross country, soccer, crew, a geoduck is a clam native to the region. Former mens soccer star Joey Gjertsen, who led the Geoducks to the 2004 NAIA National quarterfinals, has gone on to have success with the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer. Shawn Medved previously had success in the MLS, playing for D. C, United and the San Jose Clash
20.
Sociolinguistics
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Sociolinguistics overlaps to a considerable degree with pragmatics. It is historically related to linguistic anthropology and the distinction between the two fields has even been questioned. As the usage of a language varies from place to place, language usage also varies among social classes, the study of the social motivation of language change, on the other hand, has its foundation in the wave model of the late 19th century. The first attested use of the term sociolinguistics was by Thomas Callan Hodson in the title of his 1939 article Sociolinguistics in India published in Man in India. Sociolinguistics in the West first appeared in the 1960s and was pioneered by such as William Labov in the US. For example, a sociolinguist might determine through study of attitudes that a particular vernacular would not be considered appropriate language use in a business or professional setting. Sociolinguists might also study the grammar, phonetics, vocabulary, the study of language variation is concerned with social constraints determining language in its contextual environment. Code-switching is the given to the use of different varieties of language in different social situations. William Labov is often regarded as the founder of the study of sociolinguistics and he is especially noted for introducing the quantitative study of language variation and change, making the sociology of language into a scientific discipline. Also, sociolinguistics can study a gradual transition of individual values of a word in the context its semantics which occur in some ethnic, altyntsev studied the semantics of the word love among the Ashkenazi Jews from Udmurtia and Tatarstan. Sociolinguistic interviews are a part of collecting data for sociolinguistic studies. There is an interviewer, who is conducting the study, and a subject, or informant, who is the interviewee. In order to get a grasp on a linguistic form and how it is used in the dialect of the subject. There are five different styles, ranging from formal to casual, the most formal style would be elicited by having the subject read a list of minimal pairs. Minimal pairs are pairs of words differ in only one phoneme. Having the subject read a word list will elicit a formal register, the reading passage style is next down on the formal register, and the interview style is when an interviewer can finally get into eliciting a more casual speech from the subject. Of course, the most sought after type of speech is the casual style and this type of speech is difficult if not impossible to elicit because of the Observers Paradox. The closest one might come to CS in an interview is when the subject is interrupted by a friend or family member
21.
Olympia, Washington
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Olympia is the capital of the U. S. state of Washington and the county seat of Thurston County. It was incorporated on January 28,1859, the population was documented as 46,478 in the 2010 census. The city borders Lacey to the east and Tumwater to the south, Olympia is a major cultural center of the Puget Sound region. Olympia is located 60 miles southwest of Seattle, the largest city in the state of Washington, the site of Olympia has been home to Lushootseed-speaking peoples for thousands of years, including Squaxin, Nisqually, Puyallup, Chehalis, Suquamish, and Duwamish. The first recorded visit by Europeans was in 1792 when Peter Puget, in 1846, Edmund Sylvester and Levi Smith jointly claimed the land that now comprises downtown Olympia. In 1851, the U. S. Congress established the Customs District of Puget Sound for Washington Territory and its population steadily expanded from Oregon Trail immigrants. In 1850, the settled on the name Olympia, at the suggestion of local resident Colonel Isaac N. Ebey. The area began to be served by a fleet of steamboats known as the Puget Sound Mosquito Fleet. In 1896, Olympia became the home of the Olympia Brewing Company, the 1949 Olympia earthquake damaged many historic buildings beyond repair, and they were demolished. Parts of the city suffered damage from earthquakes in 1965 and 2001. In 1967, the legislature approved the creation of The Evergreen State College in Olympia. Since 1984, Olympia has also been home to the South Puget Sound Community College, Olympia has become a hub for artists and musicians, and has been named one of the best college towns in the nation for its vibrant downtown and access to outdoor activities. Olympia is located at 47°2′33″N 122°53′35″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.68 square miles, of which 17.82 sq mi is land and 1.86 sq mi is water. The city of Olympia is located at the end of Puget Sound on Budd Inlet. The Deschutes River estuary was dammed in 1951 to create Capitol Lake, much of the lower area of downtown Olympia sits on reclaimed land. The cities of Lacey and Tumwater border Olympia, the region surrounding Olympia has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, whereas the local microclimate due to its dry summers and cool July and August overnight lows. It is part of USDA Hardiness zone 8a, with isolated pockets around Puget Sound falling under zone 8b, most of western Washingtons weather is brought in by weather systems that form near the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. It contains cold moist air, which brings western Washington cold rain, cloudiness, November through January are Olympias rainiest months
22.
Portland, Oregon
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Portland is a port and the largest city in the U. S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette, the city covers 145 square miles and had an estimated population of 632,309 in 2015, making it the 26th most populous city in the United States. Approximately 2,389,228 people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area and its Combined Statistical Area ranks 17th with a population of 3,022,178. Roughly 60% of Oregons population resides within the Portland metropolitan area, named after Portland, Maine, the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the industry was a major force in the citys early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous cities in the world. After the citys economy experienced a boom during World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, Portland became noted for its liberal political values, and the city has earned a reputation as a bastion of counterculture. According to a 2009 Pew Research Center study, Portland ranks as the eighth most popular American city, the city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States. The city government is notable for its planning and investment in public transportation. Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool and this climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the City of Roses for over a century. Keep Portland Weird is a slogan for the city. During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from Lake Missoula and these massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the Willamette Valley with 300 to 400 feet of water. The Chinook people occupying the land which would become Portland were first documented by Meriwether Lewis, before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast. Large numbers of settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1830s via the Oregon Trail. In the early 1840s a new settlement began emerging ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River and this community was initially referred to as Stumptown and The Clearing because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth. In 1843 William Overton saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file a land claim. For 25 cents Overton agreed to half of the 640-acre site with Asa Lovejoy of Boston
23.
Oregon
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Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Oregon is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the north by Washington, on the south by California, on the east by Idaho, the Columbia River delineates much of Oregons northern boundary, and the Snake River delineates much of the eastern boundary. The parallel 42° north delineates the boundary with California and Nevada. Oregon was inhabited by indigenous tribes before Western traders, explorers. An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848, Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14,1859. Today, at 98,000 square miles, Oregon is the ninth largest and, with a population of 4 million, the capital of Oregon is Salem, the second most populous of its cities, with 164,549 residents. Portland is Oregons most populous city, with 632,309 residents, Portlands metro population of 2,389,228 ranks the 23rd largest metro in the nation. The Willamette Valley in western Oregon is the states most densely populated area, the tall conifers, mainly Douglas fir, along Oregons rainy west coast contrast with the lighter-timbered and fire-prone pine and juniper forests covering portions to the east. Abundant alders in the west fix nitrogen for the conifers, stretching east from central Oregon are semi-arid shrublands, prairies, deserts, steppes, and meadows. At 11,249 feet, Mount Hood is the states highest point, Oregons only national park, Crater Lake National Park, comprises the caldera surrounding Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. The state is home to the single largest organism in the world, Armillaria ostoyae. Because of its landscapes and waterways, Oregons economy is largely powered by various forms of agriculture, fishing. It is also the top timber-producer of the lower 48 states, Technology is another one of the states major economic forces, which began in the 1970s with the establishment of the Silicon Forest and the expansion of Tektronix and Intel. Sportswear company Nike, Inc. headquartered in Beaverton, is the states largest public corporation with a revenue of $30.6 billion. The earliest evidence of the name Oregon has Spanish origins and this chronicle is the first topographical and linguistic source with respect to the place name Oregon. There are also two other sources with Spanish origins such as the name Oregano which grows in the part of the region. Another early use of the name, spelled Ouragon, was in a 1765 petition by Major Robert Rogers to the Kingdom of Great Britain, the term referred to the then-mythical River of the West. By 1778 the spelling had shifted to Oregon, in his 1765 petition, Rogers wrote, The rout. is from the Great Lakes towards the Head of the Mississippi, and from thence to the River called by the Indians Ouragon
24.
Lollapalooza
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Lollapalooza /ˌlɒləpəˈluːzə/ is an annual music festival featuring popular alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hip hop, and EDM bands and artists, dance and comedy performances and craft booths. It has also provided a platform for non-profit and political groups, conceived and created in 1991 by Janes Addiction singer Perry Farrell as a farewell tour for his band, Lollapalooza ran annually until 1997, and was revived in 2003. From its inception through 1997 and its revival in 2003, the festival toured North America, in 2004, the festival organizers decided to expand the dates to two days per city, but poor ticket sales forced the 2004 tour to be cancelled. In 2011, the company Geo Events confirmed the Brazilian version of the event, the music festival hosts more than 160,000 people over a two or three day period. Lollapalooza is broadcast live and globally on Red Bull TV and its earliest known use was in 1896. In time the term came to refer to a large lollipop. Farrell, searching for a name for his festival, liked the euphonious quality of the term upon hearing it in a Three Stooges short film. Paying homage to the double meaning, a character in the festivals original logo holds one of the lollipops. The word has caused a slang suffix to appear in event-planning circles as well as in news and opinion shows that is used synonymously with other suffixes like a-go-go, o-rama. The suffix palooza is often used to imply that an event or crowd was made over that term, e. g. Parks-apalooza, Nipple-apalooza. Another key concept behind Lollapalooza was the inclusion of non-musical features, performers like the Jim Rose Circus Side Show, an alternative freak show, and the Shaolin monks stretched the boundaries of traditional rock culture. There was a tent for display of art pieces, virtual reality games and it was at Lollapalooza where Farrell coined the term Alternative Nation. Punk rock standbys like mosh pits and crowd surfing became part of the canon of the concerts, after 1991, the festival included a second stage for up-and-coming bands or local acts. Attendee complaints of the festival included high ticket prices as well as the high cost for food, grunge band Nirvana was scheduled to headline at the festival in 1994, but the band officially dropped out of the festival on April 7,1994. Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobains body was discovered in Seattle the next day, Cobains widow, Courtney Love, made guest appearances at several shows, including the Philadelphia show at FDR Park, speaking to the crowds about the loss, then singing a minimum of two songs. In 1996, Farrell, who had been the soul of the festival, decided to focus his energy to produce his new project, ENIT. Moreover, festival cofounder Farrell felt that Metallicas macho image violated his peaceful vision for the festival, Farrell quit the tour in protest. Responding to the controversial Metallica tour, Lollapalooza made efforts to revive its relevance to audiences, the festival booked eclectic acts such as country superstar Waylon Jennings in 1996, and emphasized heavily electronica groups such as The Orb and The Prodigy in 1997
25.
Corin Tucker
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Corin Lisa Tucker is a singer and guitarist, best known for her work with rock band Sleater-Kinney. Tucker was born in Eugene, Oregon, and raised in Grand Forks and her father was a folk singer. In the early 1990s, Tucker attended The Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington, where she studied film, political economy, although Sleater-Kinney was formed in Olympia, and later relocated to Portland, Oregon, Tucker still describes herself as a small-town girl from Eugene, Oregon. Before forming Sleater-Kinney, Tucker played in Heartless Martin with Becca Albee of Excuse 17, Heartless Martin would release one EP, entitled Tonight. Tucker was a member of the influential riot grrrl band Heavens to Betsy. She played the first public show of her career when the band performed at the International Pop Underground Convention in 1991, Heavens to Betsy recorded a split single with Bratmobile, and a number of singles for independent record labels. They frequently played shows with Excuse 17, and the two both appeared on the compilation LP Free to Fight. Heavens to Betsy would release one album, Calculated, in 1993, after Heavens to Betsy split, Tucker formed Sleater-Kinney with Excuse 17 member Carrie Brownstein and friend Lora McFarlane. She sang lead vocals and played guitar to Brownsteins lead. Tucker released seven albums with Sleater-Kinney over the span of 11 years before going on hiatus in 2006, according to Brownstein in March 2010, Sleater-Kinney would reunite and release an album of new material within the next 5 years. A new album by the trio was indeed released in January 2015 with a subsequent tour, during her time with Sleater-Kinney, Tucker worked on a side project, Cadallaca, with Sarah Dougher and sts of The Lookers. In 1998, Cadallaca released their first album, introducing Cadallaca and they released an additional EP on Kill Rock Stars, Out West, in 2000. In April 2010 Tucker announced she was recording an album for Kill Rock Stars to be released in October 2010. Working along with Tucker on her album was Unwounds Sara Lund. According to Tucker, the album would be a middle-aged mom record, the album, entitled 1,000 Years was released on October 5,2010, to positive reception by music critics. Tucker toured on both U. S. coasts to support the 1,000 Years album, in addition to dates in other parts of the country, the bands second album, titled Kill My Blues, was released on September 18,2012. This album was supported by a US tour and she came out to her family at 19. She briefly dated bandmate Carrie Brownstein at the beginning of Sleater-Kinney, Tucker called the article a pain in the ass, saying We werent asked about our personal lives in the interview
26.
Kathleen Hanna
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Kathleen Hanna is an American singer, musician, artist, feminist activist, pioneer of the feminist punk riot grrrl movement, and punk zine writer. In the early-to mid-1990s she was the singer of feminist punk band Bikini Kill, before fronting Le Tigre in the late 1990s. In 1998, Hanna released a solo album under the name Julie Ruin. A documentary film about Hanna was released in 2013 by director Sini Anderson, titled The Punk Singer, detailing Hannas life and career, Hanna is married to Adam Horovitz of the Beastie Boys. Hanna as born November 12,1968, in Portland, Oregon, at age four, she moved with her family to Calverton, Maryland, as Hannas father changed occupations, the family moved several more times. Hannas parents divorced, and she returned to Portland where she graduated from Lincoln High School, Hanna first became interested in feminism around the age of nine, after her mother took her to a rally in Washington D. C. where feminist icon Gloria Steinem spoke. Though several years would pass before she became an outspoken feminist, with Hanna eventually referring to herself as a radical feminist, the event left an impression on her. I used to cut out of it and make posters that said Girls can do anything, and stuff like that. Then she took me to the Solidarity Day thing, and it was the first time I had ever been in a big crowd of women yelling, and it really made me want to do it forever. Yet Hanna and her mothers involvement in the womens movement had to be done quietly in the years before her parents divorce. Hanna has also appeared in the documentary Whos Afraid of Kathy Acker, dont Need You, The Herstory of Riot Grrrl is titled after a Bikini Kill song. When she was fifteen years old, Hanna had an abortion that she paid for money she earned while working at McDonalds. After high school, she relocated from Portland to Olympia, Washington to attend The Evergreen State College in the late 1980s, during this time she began working as a stripper to support herself. Working with fellow Evergreen student and photographer Aaron Baush-Greene, she set up an exhibit featuring the pairs photography. The three women then formed a band called Amy Carter, which put on shows before the art exhibitions, eventually she abandoned spoken word in favor of music, being inspired by one of her favorite writers, countercultural icon Kathy Acker. Hanna recalled, In July 2015, Hanna and her band The Julie Ruin returned to Olympia to perform at a party celebrating the opening of the new SafePlace Community Services Center. Later, Hanna started another band called Viva Knievel that toured the United States for two months before disbanding and it meshed feminist ideals with the realities of Hannas daily life. It was meant to inspire more females to join the male-dominated Punk rock scene of the early 1990s, the bands first release for the Kill Rock Stars label was a self-titled EP produced by Ian MacKaye of Fugazi
27.
Music of Olympia
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Olympia was a center for the riot grrrl movement in the early 1990s, with Bikini Kill and Bratmobile as prominent proponents of the movement. Olympia is also the home of a number of labels, including K Records, which was co-founded in 1983. Notable early-period musicians and recording artists included John Foster, Lois Maffeo, the Olympia scene is the subject of the closing song Rock Star on the Hole album Live Through This. These are radio stations that play local music, kOWA-LP KAOS Olympia Community Radio 89.3 FM K Records Kill Rock Stars 5 Rue Christine Bicycle Records
28.
Third-wave feminism
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Third-wave feminism encompasses several diverse strains of feminist activity and study. Though exact boundaries are a subject of debate, it is marked as beginning in the early 1990s. It is a movement in the sense that its purpose includes redefining what it is to be a feminist. The third wave arose partially as a response to the failures of second-wave feminism. It attempts to expand feminism to include women with a set of identities recognising that women are of many colors, ethnicities, nationalities, religions. Thus it can be seen as a reaction to or continuation of second-wave feminism, the related concept of intersectionality was introduced in 1989, a few years before the third wave began, but it was during this wave that the concept was embraced. Rebecca Walker coined the term Third Wave to highlight the focus on queer, Walker sought to establish that third-wave feminism was not just a reaction, but a movement in itself, because womens issues were far from over. Third-wave feminists have broadened their goals, focusing on ideas like queer theory, unlike the determined position of second-wave feminists about women in pornography, sex work, and prostitution, third-wave feminists were rather ambiguous and divided about these themes. While some thought these sexual acts were degrading and oppressing women, there was a divide in opinion but third-wave feminism embraced differences, personal narratives, and individualism, instead of all having one agenda. The focus was less on political changes and more on individualistic identity, the shift from second wave feminism came about with many of the legal and institutional rights that were extended to women. In addition to these gains, third-wave feminists believed there needed to be further changes in stereotypes, media portrayals. The purpose was to celebrate diverse identities and abandon the victim feminism ideology, third-wave ideology focuses on a more post-structuralist interpretation of gender and sexuality. In Deconstructing Equality-versus-Difference, Or, the Uses of Poststructuralist Theory for Feminism, in the The local is global, third wave feminism, peace, and social justice, the authors explain third wave feminism offers five primary focuses, Responsible choice grounded in dialogue. Respect and appreciation for experiences and dynamic knowledge, use of personal narratives in both theorizing and political activism. Political activism as local, with connections and consequences. Riot grrrl was thought by some to be the beginning of third wave feminism and this was a movement based on hard core punk rock that talked about issues like rape, patriarchy, sexuality, women empowerment, and other feminist issues. They responded to the Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas court case as well, third-wave feminists such as Elle Green often focus on micro-politics, and challenge the second waves paradigm as to what is, or is not, good for women. Womens studies, and redsuited congresswomen – perhaps means that women today have really reaped what feminism has sown
29.
Free to Fight
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Free to Fight is a project consisting of a 1995 double album and booklet, and a single later released by Candy Ass Records. The release is subtitled an interactive self-defense project, the recordings also include self-defense instructions and personal testimonies. It was released as an album, on two 12 vinyl records, and also released simultaneously as a CD. This project was continued as a 7-inch split single with Sleater-Kinney and Cypher in the Snow, also on Candy Ass Records, released in 1998. Sarah Rides the Greyhound The Third Sex - Monster Snack Definition of Self Defense Team Dresch - Song for Anne Bannon Mizzery - Sleepn Wit the Enemy Violence Is Violence Sue P
30.
Janet Weiss
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Janet Lee Weiss is a rock drummer, best known as a member of Sleater-Kinney and currently also a member of Quasi. She was the drummer for Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks, leaving after the album Mirror Traffic and she was also the drummer for Wild Flag. Weiss is highly regarded as a drummer, Stylus Magazine listed her as one of fifty greatest drummers. Weiss was born in Hollywood, California to a Jewish family and she attended San Francisco State University and graduated with a degree in photography. While in college in San Francisco, Weiss became involved in the club scene, following local bands such as Camper Van Beethoven and The Donner Party. When she was 22, she launched her own career, with one drum lesson and about two weeks practice under her belt, she joined an all-girl trio called The Furies as the drummer. Self-taught as a drummer, Weiss learned her technique by watching the drummers at innumerable live shows and she moved to Portland, Oregon in 1989 and soon after began playing with former Donner Party leader, Sam Coomes, in a band called Motorgoat. Weiss started playing with Corin Tucker and Carrie Brownstein in Sleater-Kinney in 1996, Tucker and Brownstein then played her a new song they were working on at the time, Dig Me Out. Her bandmates later said that she made up a beat so solid you could practically bang your head against it, Weiss eventually became the bands drummer, she was the fourth in the bands history. Weiss and Sam Coomes formed Quasi in 1993, and the band has remained active both as a duo and a trio, featuring Joanna Bolme from 2007-2011, for the past 20 years. Upon the dissolution of Sleater-Kinney in 2006, Weiss joined Quasi bandmate Joanna Bolme in Stephen Malkmus and she performed on two albums, Real Emotional Trash and Mirror Traffic. She left the prior to its tour in support of the latter album. Beginning in September 2010, she drummed in Wild Flag, with Carrie Brownstein, Mary Timony, by December 2013, Wild Flag had disbanded. She has also played for Bright Eyes, Junior High, The Shadow Mortons, The Go Betweens, Sarah Dougher, Elliott Smith and she occasionally performs in the duo Slang, with Drew Grow of Modern Kin. On June 4,2007, she performed with Bright Eyes on the Late Show with David Letterman before joining the band for their summer European tour, Weiss is part of the production team on Carrie Brownsteins TV show, Portlandia, working as the permit manager. Weiss plays a vintage Ludwig kit in natural maple finish, the Craviotto snare was still natural maple. Cymbals, Zildjian 14 Quick Beat hi-hats 20 crash 22 ride 20 A Custom crash Hardware, DW Heads, Remo coated Ambassadors on snare and toms, Powerstroke 3 on bass drum batter. sleater-kinney. com/
31.
No Cities to Love
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No Cities to Love is the eighth studio album by American rock band Sleater-Kinney, released on January 20,2015, through Sub Pop. It is the first album following a hiatus and the bands 2005 release. The album received acclaim from music critics and was listed on several Best Albums of 2015 lists. The album was recorded in secret mostly at Tiny Telephone in San Francisco, with sessions at Electrokitty in Seattle. It was produced by John Goodmanson, on December 22,2014, No Cities to Love was accidentally streamed three weeks early by the bands label, Sub Pop. As of January 30,2015, the album has sold 28,000 copies in the U. S. according to Nielsen SoundScan, in support of the album, the band toured North America and Europe. Chicago Tribune critic Greg Kot listed the tour as one of the winters top rock shows. No Cities to Love received widespread acclaim from critics, at Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, it received an average score of 90, based on 39 reviews, which indicates universal acclaim. In The Observer, Kitty Empire said the band had executed pretty much the most perfect comeback of recent years and sounded exactly as taut, writing with high praise for Exclaim. Chris Bilton called the record a thoroughly raging collection of post-punk anthems that nudges up the powerful perfection of 2005s The Woods at least another notch. Music journalist Graham Reid said it had all the energy of Gang of Four, the blazing passion of Siouxsie Sioux. In an interview for Rolling Stone, musician St. Vincent said it was her favorite Sleater-Kinney record so far, source, AllMusic All tracks written by Sleater-Kinney. Reynolds — engineer Brigitte Sire — band photo Its official, Sub Pop can keep a secret, Sub Pop, October 20,2014 Phillips, Amy, Pelly, Jenn, new Album No Cities to Love. Bury Our Friends Lyric Video.0, The Band Talks About Its First Album In 10 Years, Sleater-Kinney ask us anything about No Cities To Love at reddit. com, December 2,2014
32.
Greil Marcus
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Greil Marcus is an American author, music journalist and cultural critic. He is notable for producing scholarly and literary essays that place rock music in a framework of culture. Marcus was born Greil Gerstley, in San Francisco, the son of Greil Gerstley and Eleanor Gerstley. His father, an officer, died in December 1944, in the Philippine typhoon that sank the USS Hull. Admiral William Halsey had ordered the U. S. S, the incident inspired the novel The Caine Mutiny. Eleanor Gerstley was three months pregnant when her husband died and she married Gerald Marcus in 1948, and her son was adopted and took the surname of his stepfather. Marcus earned a degree in American studies from the University of California, Berkeley. He has been a critic and columnist for Rolling Stone and other publications, including Creem, the Village Voice. From 1983 to 1989, he was on the board of directors of the National Book Critics Circle, since 1966 he has been married to Jenny Marcus, with whom he has children. His book Mystery Train is notable for placing rock and roll in the context of American cultural archetypes, Marcuss recognition of the unities in the American imagination that already exist inspired countless rock journalists. Writing for the New York Times, Dwight Garner said, Mystery Train is among the few works of criticism that can move me to something close to tears. It reverberated in my mind like the E major chord that ends the Beatles’ “A Day in the Life. ”His next book, Lipstick Traces, A Secret History of the 20th Century. Positing punk rock as a cultural phenomenon, Marcus examined philosophical connections between subjects as diverse as medieval heretics, Dada, the Situationists, and the Sex Pistols. Marcus published Dead Elvis, a collection of writings about Elvis Presley, in 1991, and Ranters and Crowd Pleasers, using bootleg recordings of Bob Dylan as a starting point, he dissected the American subconscious in Invisible Republic, Bob Dylans Basement Tapes, published in 1997. He writes the column Elephant Dancing for Interview and Real Life Rock Top Ten for The Believer. During the fall of 2008, he held the Winton Chair in the College of Liberal Arts at the University of Minnesota and his book When That Rough God Goes Riding, Listening to Van Morrison was published in March 2010. It focuses on Marcuss quest to understand Van Morrisons particular genius through the extraordinary, the title is derived from Morrisons 1997 song Rough God Goes Riding. He subsequently published Bob Dylan by Greil Marcus, Writings 1968–2010 and The Doors, the Los Angeles Review of Books in 2012 published a 20, 000-word interview with Marcus about his life
33.
Robert Christgau
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Robert Thomas Christgau is an American essayist, music journalist, and self-proclaimed Dean of American Rock Critics. One of the earliest professional rock critics, he spent 37 years as the music critic and senior editor for The Village Voice. He has also covered popular music for Esquire, Creem, Newsday, Playboy, Rolling Stone, Billboard, NPR, Blender, and MSN Music, and is a visiting arts teacher at New York University. Christgau is known for his terse capsule reviews, first published in his Consumer Guide columns during his tenure at The Village Voice from 1969 to 2006 and he has written three books based on those columns, along with two collections of essays. He continued writing capsule reviews in MSN Music, Cuepoint, Christgau was born in Greenwich Village and grew up in Queens, the son of a fireman. He has said he became a rock and roll fan when disc jockey Alan Freed moved to the city in 1954. After attending a school in New York City, he left New York for four years to attend Dartmouth College. While at college his musical interests turned to jazz, but he returned to rock after moving back to New York. Christgau has said that Miles Davis 1960 album Sketches of Spain initiated in him one phase of the disillusionment with jazz that resulted in my return to rock and he was deeply influenced by New Journalism writers such as Gay Talese and Tom Wolfe. My ambitions when I went into journalism were always, to an extent, literary, Christgau initially wrote short stories, before giving up fiction in 1964 to become a sportswriter, and later, a police reporter for the Newark Star-Ledger. He became a writer after a story he wrote about the death of a woman in New Jersey was published by New York magazine. He was asked to take over the dormant music column at Esquire, after Esquire discontinued the column, Christgau moved to The Village Voice in 1969, and he also worked as a college professor. In early 1972, he accepted a job as music critic for Newsday. Christgau returned to the Village Voice in 1974 as music editor and he remained there until August 2006, when he was fired shortly after the papers acquisition by New Times Media. Two months later, Christgau became an editor at Rolling Stone. Late in 2007, Christgau was fired by Rolling Stone, although he continued to work for the magazine for three months. Starting with the March 2008 issue, he joined Blender, where he was listed as senior critic for three issues and then contributing editor, Christgau had been a regular contributor to Blender before he joined Rolling Stone. He continued to write for Blender until the magazine ceased publication in March 2009, in 1987, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in the field of Folklore and Popular Culture to study the history of popular music
34.
Mary Timony
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Timony is an American independent singer-songwriter, guitarist, keyboardist, and violist. She has been a member of the bands Helium, Autoclave and Wild Flag, timonys music is often heavy and dark, frequently using drones, beats, and modal melodies reminiscent of European Medieval music. She uses a number of guitar tunings, most prominent of which is DADGAE. Timony was born to James and Joan Timony of Washington, D. C. and raised in the neighborhoods of Glover Park, as a teenager, she attended the Duke Ellington School of the Arts in Georgetown where she played guitar in the jazz band and also studied viola. Her guitar teacher Tom Newman recalled to interviewers, “She came to us a prodigy and you can’t teach what she has. ”In 1990–91 Timony played guitar and shared lead vocals in the Washington, D. C. -based band Autoclave. Helium disbanded in 1998, whereupon Timony embarked on her solo career, in the mid-2000s, Timony moved back to D. C. In 2005, Timony joined with drummer Devin Ocampo, her album Ex Hex, Records label, features the two performing together as a duo. In the same year, she contributed vocals to Team Sleeps self-titled album on the tracks Tomb of Liegia and her most recent solo album, The Shapes We Make, was released on the Kill Rock Stars label on May 8,2007. A music video for Sharp Shooter was produced by the art collective Paper Rad, in early 2009, Mary Timony formed a new band, Pow Wow, with Jonah R. Takagi and Winston H. Yu. As of June 2009 the group added T. J. Lipple, in September 2010, Mary Timony and members of Sleater-Kinney, The Minders, and Quasi announced that they were working on a new album under the moniker Wild Flag. It was released on Merge Records on September 13,2011, after Wild Flags breakup, Timony formed Ex Hex with Fire Tapes bassist Betsy Wright, and The Aquarium drummer Laura Harris. Their debut album Rips was released on Merge Records in October 2014 and her brother, Patrick Timony, is the keyboard player for the band The Picture is Dead. There is a reference to Mary Timony in the lyrics to the song Your Bruise by the American indie rock band Death Cab for Cutie, in addition to her work with Autoclave, Helium, and the Mary Timony Band, Timony has occasionally collaborated or recorded with other groups. In 1999, Timony recorded a four-song vinyl EP with Carrie Brownstein of the band Sleater-Kinney, in 2000, she recorded a six-song CD with Anna Johansson and Erin Maclean, entitled Green 4. In 1995, Timony recorded the song All Dressed Up In Dreams with Stephin Merritt and she also recorded vocals for a one-off alt-country project called Lincoln 65. This projects sole output was a 7 single released by Slow River Records in 1996, labeled simply Lincoln 65, Timony collaborated with Team Sleep on Tomb of Liegia and King Diamond on their 2005 self-titled album. Timony had a role in the 1997 independent film All Over Me as lead singer/guitarist of the fictional rock band Coochie Pop, along with another real-life singer/guitarist. They performed the Helium song Hole in the Ground in the movie and she also appeared in a short film by the name Dream Machine in 2000, directed by Brett Vapnek
35.
!Women Art Revolution
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. Women Art Revolution is a 2010 documentary film directed by Lynn Hershman Leeson and distributed by Zeitgeist Films. With a score by Sleater-Kinney’s Carrie Brownstein. W. A. R, a digital archive representing two decades of Hershmann Leesons interviews with artists and critics is available through the Stanford University Libraries collection. W. A. R. According to the website, Hershmann Leeson desired this repository to be shared with as wide an audience as possible. Official website. Women Art Revolution at the Internet Movie Database Zeitgeist Films Latches onto a Revolution on indieWire. W. A. R, Voices of a Movement, Stanford University Libraries
36.
Interpersonal attraction
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Interpersonal attraction is the attraction between people which leads to friendships and to platonic or romantic relationships. Interpersonal attraction, the process, is distinct from perceptions of physical attractiveness, the study of interpersonal attraction is a major area of research in social psychology. Interpersonal attraction is related to how much one likes, dislikes or hates someone and it can be viewed as a force acting between two people that tends to draw them together and resist their separation. When measuring interpersonal attraction, one must refer to the qualities of the attracted as well as the qualities of the attractor to achieve predictive accuracy and it is suggested that to determine attraction, both the personalities and the situation must be taken into account. Repulsion is also a factor in the process of interpersonal attraction, Interpersonal attraction is most frequently measured using the Interpersonal Attraction Judgment Scale developed by Donn Byrne. It is a scale in which a subject rates another person on such as intelligence, knowledge of current events, morality, adjustment. The second factor included variables such as voting for, admiration and respect for, another widely used measurement technique scales verbal responses expressed as subjective ratings or judgments of the person of interest. Many factors leading to interpersonal attraction have been studied, all of which involve social reinforcement, the most frequently studied are physical attractiveness, propinquity, familiarity, similarity, complementarity, reciprocal liking, and reinforcement. This effect is similar to the mere exposure effect in that the more a person is exposed to a stimulus. Familiarity can also occur without physical exposure, recent studies show that relationships formed over the Internet resemble those developed face-to-face, in terms of quality and depth. As mentioned above, the exposure effect, also known as the familiarity principle, states that the more we are exposed to something. This applies equally to both objects and people, a clear illustration of this principle can be seen in a study by Moreland and Beach. The researchers had four women of similar appearance attend a college course over the course of a semester such that each woman attended a different number of sessions. Students then rated the women for perceived familiarity, attractiveness, results indicated a strong effect of exposure on attraction that was mediated by the effect of exposure on familiarity. However, exposure does not always increase attraction, the notion of birds of a feather flock together points out that similarity is a crucial determinant of interpersonal attraction. Studies about attraction indicate that people are attracted to lookalikes in physical and social appearance. This similarity is in the broadest sense, similarity in bone-structure, characteristics, life goals, the more these points match, the happier people are in a relationship. The lookalike effect plays the role of self-affirmation, a basic principle of interpersonal attraction is the rule of similarity, similarity is attractive — an underlying principle that applies to both friendships and romantic relationships
37.
Michael Jackson
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Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actor, and philanthropist. Called the King of Pop, his contributions to music, dance, the eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5. He began his career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music, the popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame. Jacksons 1987 album Bad spawned the U. S and he continued to innovate with videos such as Black or White and Scream throughout the 1990s, and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and his distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres. Thriller is the album of all time, with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide. Jacksons other albums, including Off the Wall, Bad, Dangerous and he is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records. Jackson won hundreds of awards, making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music. He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when Love Never Felt So Good reached number nine on May 21,2014. Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism, and, in 2000, aspects of Jacksons personal life, including his changing appearance, personal relationships, and behavior, generated controversy. In 1993, he was accused of sexual abuse, but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount. In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of child sexual abuse allegations. While preparing for his concert series, This Is It, Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25,2009. The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide, and his personal physician, Jacksons death triggered a global outpouring of grief, and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world. Forbes ranks Jackson as the dead celebrity with earnings of $825 million in 2016. Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29,1958 and his mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovahs Witness. She played clarinet and piano and once aspired to be a country-and-western performer, michaels father, Joseph Walter Joe Jackson, a former boxer, was a steelworker at U. S. Steel
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