Case Black, also known as the Fifth Enemy Offensive in Yugoslav historiography and often identified with its final phase, the Battle of the Sutjeska was a joint attack by the Axis taking place from 15 May to 16 June 1943, which aimed to destroy the main Yugoslav Partisan force, near the Sutjeska river in south-eastern Bosnia. The failure of the offensive marked a turning point for Yugoslavia during World War II. It was also the last major German-Italian joint operation against the partisans.
Partisan column during the Battle of the Sutjeska
Walter Stettner, commander of 1st Mountain Division during the battle
Soldiers of 2nd Dalmatian Brigade rest on Milinklade on June 9, 1943. Author: George Skrigin
Supreme Commander Josip Broz Tito and Ivan Ribar during the Battle of the Sutjeska photo credit: Savo Orović
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or Socialist Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, breaking up as a consequence of the Yugoslav Wars. Spanning an area of 255,804 square kilometres (98,766 sq mi) in the Balkans, Yugoslavia was bordered by the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west, Austria and Hungary to the north, Bulgaria and Romania to the east, and Albania and Greece to the south. It was a one-party socialist state and federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, and had six constituent republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Within Serbia was the Yugoslav capital city of Belgrade as well as two autonomous Yugoslav provinces: Kosovo and Vojvodina.
Marshal Josip Broz Tito led Yugoslavia from 1944 to 1980.
Yugoslav ration stamps for milk, 1950
Tito in 1973
U.S.–Yugoslavia summit, 1978