York
York is a historic walled city in North Yorkshire, England. At the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss, it is the historic county town of the historic county of Yorkshire. York Minster and a variety of cultural and sporting activities make it a popular tourist destination; the city was founded by the Romans as Eboracum in 71 AD. It became the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, of the kingdoms of Deira, Northumbria and Jórvík. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained. In the 19th century, York became a hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre; the economy of York is now dominated by services. The University of York and National Health Service are major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy; the City of York local government district includes rural areas beyond the old city boundaries.
In 2011, it had a population of 198,051. The word York is derived from the Brittonic name Eburākon, a combination of eburos "yew-tree" and a suffix of appurtenance *-āko "belonging to-, place of-" meaning either "place of the yew trees"; the name Eboracum became the Anglian Eoforwic in the 7th century: a compound of Eofor-, from the old name, -wic a village by conflation of the element Ebor- with a Germanic root *eburaz. When the Danish army conquered the city in 866, its name became Jórvík; the Old French and Norman name of the city following the Norman Conquest was recorded as "Everwic" in works such as Wace's Roman de Rou. Jórvík, meanwhile reduced to York in the centuries after the Conquest, moving from the Middle English Yerk in the 14th century through Yourke in the 16th century to Yarke in the 17th century; the form York was first recorded in the 13th century. Many company and place names, such as the Ebor race meeting, refer to the Latinised Brittonic, Roman name; the 12th‑century chronicler Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his fictional account of the prehistoric kings of Britain, Historia Regum Britanniae, suggests the name derives from that of a pre-Roman city founded by the legendary king Ebraucus.
The Archbishop of York uses Ebor as his surname in his signature. Archaeological evidence suggests that Mesolithic people settled in the region of York between 8000 and 7000 BC, although it is not known whether their settlements were permanent or temporary. By the time of the Roman conquest of Britain, the area was occupied by a tribe known to the Romans as the Brigantes; the Brigantian tribal area became a Roman client state, but its leaders became more hostile and the Roman Ninth Legion was sent north of the Humber into Brigantian territory. The city was founded in 71 AD, when the Ninth Legion conquered the Brigantes and constructed a wooden military fortress on flat ground above the River Ouse close to its confluence with the River Foss; the fortress, whose walls were rebuilt in stone by the VI legion based there subsequent to the IX legion, covered an area of 50 acres and was inhabited by 6,000 legionary soldiers. The site of the principia of the fortress lies under the foundations of York Minster, excavations in the undercroft have revealed part of the Roman structure and columns.
The Emperors Hadrian, Septimius Severus and Constantius I all held court in York during their various campaigns. During his stay 207–211 AD, the Emperor Severus proclaimed York capital of the province of Britannia Inferior, it is that it was he who granted York the privileges of a'colonia' or city. Constantius I died in 306 AD during his stay in York, his son Constantine the Great was proclaimed Emperor by the troops based in the fortress. In 314 AD a bishop from York attended the Council at Arles to represent Christians from the province. While the Roman colonia and fortress were located on high ground, by 400 AD the town was victim to occasional flooding from the Rivers Ouse and Foss, the population reduced. York declined in the post-Roman era, was taken and settled by the Angles in the 5th century. Reclamation of parts of the town was initiated in the 7th century under King Edwin of Northumbria, York became his chief city; the first wooden minster church was built in York for the baptism of Edwin in 627, according to the Venerable Bede.
Edwin ordered the small wooden church be rebuilt in stone. In the following century, Alcuin of York came to the cathedral school of York, he had a long career as a teacher and scholar, first at the school at York now known as St Peter's School, founded in 627 AD, as Charlemagne's leading advisor on ecclesiastical and educational affairs. In 866, Northumbria was in the midst of internecine struggles when the Vikings raided and captured York. Under Viking rule the city became a major river port, part of the extensive Viking trading routes throughout northern Europe; the last ruler of an independent Jórvík, Eric Bloodaxe, was driven from the city in 954 AD by King Eadred in his successful attempt to complete the unification
Terrington
Terrington is a large village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated in the Howardian Hills, 4 miles west of Malton; the village is mentioned four times in the Domesday Book as Teurintone. The lands were divided between the manors of Foston. At the time of the time of Norman conquest, lands in the manor were held by Ligulf, Earl Morcar, Earl Waltheof and Gamal, son of Karli. Afterwards the lands were granted to Robert, Count of Mortain, Count Alan of Brittany and Berengar of Tosny; the manor was held soon after by Niel Fossard and followed the descent of the manor of nearby Sheriff Hutton. Other lands were tenanted in the 13th century by the Latimer family and followed the descent of his manor at Danby until the 16th century; the manor was not held in demesne like other manors. In 1427 the manor was held by the lord of Sessay manor, Edmund Darell, remained in his family until 1752. At that time it was sold to 4th Earl of Carlisle; those lands that were part of Foston manor became the property of the Lutrell family of Appleton-le-Street.
The village name is Old English, but of uncertain meaning. One suggestion is that it is from Tiefrung, a picture, linked to an older history of a Roman villa and mosaic floors. Another is the Anglo-Saxon name for witchcraft. Lastly, it could be the combination of the Saxon personal name and tun, meaning Teofers farm; the village is within the Malton UK Parliament constituency. It is within the Hovingham and Sheriff Hutton electoral division of North Yorkshire County Council and the Hovingham ward of Rydale District Council; the parish includes the hamlets of Wiganthorpe and Ganthorpe. The village lies less than 1.5 miles from the nearest settlements of Wiganthorpe and Ganthorpe. The Ebor Way and Centenary Way long-distance footpaths pass through the village. In 1881, the population of the parish was recorded as 685. At the 2001 census it had a population of 520 of which 51.3 % were 48.7 % female. There were 245 dwellings. By the time of the 2011 Census the population had reduced to 459; the village has a shop and cafe, a mobile post office and a public house.
The village is served by the Malton to Scackleton bus service and seasonally by the Helmsley to Castle Howard service. Primary education is provided at Terrington CE Primary School; the school is within the cathment area of Malton School for secondary education. Terrington Pre-School Playgroup provides pre-school education from 2 years to school age serving Terrington but the surrounding villages, of Hovingham, Welburn and further afield, it is based at Terrington Village Hall. The village is home to Terrington Hall Preparatory School, a medium-sized Christian school for boys and girls aged 3 to 13, with a mixture of boarders and day pupils; the village has a bowls club. The village hall caters for badminton; the village church is dedicated to All Saints. It has some Saxon remnants, its site was a place of worship earlier, it is a Grade I listed building. A Wesleyan chapel was built in the village in 1816 and a Primitive Methodist chapel was built in 1867; the latter is now the music room of the preparatory school.
Media related to Terrington at Wikimedia Commons New Official Terrington website
England
England is a country, part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to Scotland to the north-northwest; the Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south; the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula, who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century, since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world; the English language, the Anglican Church, English law – the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world – developed in England, the country's parliamentary system of government has been adopted by other nations.
The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains in central and southern England. However, there is upland and mountainous terrain in the west; the capital is London, which has the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. England's population of over 55 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom concentrated around London, the South East, conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century; the Kingdom of England – which after 1535 included Wales – ceased being a separate sovereign state on 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The name "England" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means "land of the Angles"; the Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages. The Angles came from the Anglia peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea; the earliest recorded use of the term, as "Engla londe", is in the late-ninth-century translation into Old English of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People. The term was used in a different sense to the modern one, meaning "the land inhabited by the English", it included English people in what is now south-east Scotland but was part of the English kingdom of Northumbria; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recorded that the Domesday Book of 1086 covered the whole of England, meaning the English kingdom, but a few years the Chronicle stated that King Malcolm III went "out of Scotlande into Lothian in Englaland", thus using it in the more ancient sense.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its modern spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, in which the Latin word Anglii is used; the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars. How and why a term derived from the name of a tribe, less significant than others, such as the Saxons, came to be used for the entire country and its people is not known, but it seems this is related to the custom of calling the Germanic people in Britain Angli Saxones or English Saxons to distinguish them from continental Saxons of Old Saxony between the Weser and Eider rivers in Northern Germany. In Scottish Gaelic, another language which developed on the island of Great Britain, the Saxon tribe gave their name to the word for England. An alternative name for England is Albion; the name Albion referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus the 4th-century BC De Mundo: "Beyond the Pillars of Hercules is the ocean that flows round the earth.
In it are two large islands called Britannia. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, i.e. it was written in the Graeco-Roman period or afterwards. The word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins, it either derives from a cognate of the Latin albus meaning white, a reference to the white cliffs of Dover or from the phrase the "island of the Albiones" in the now lost Massaliote Periplus, attested through Avienus' Ora Maritima to which the former served as a source. Albion is now applied to England in a more poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England and made popular by its use in Arthurian legend; the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximate
Tintoretto
Tintoretto was an Italian painter and a notable exponent of the Venetian school. The speed with which he painted, the unprecedented boldness of his brushwork, were both admired and criticized by his contemporaries. For his phenomenal energy in painting he was termed Il Furioso, his work is characterised by his muscular figures, dramatic gestures and bold use of perspective, in the Mannerist style. In his youth, Tintoretto was known as Jacopo Robusti as his father had defended the gates of Padua in a way that others called robust, against the imperial troops during the War of the League of Cambrai, his real name "Comin" was discovered by Miguel Falomir of the Museo del Prado and was made public on the occasion of the retrospective of Tintoretto at the Prado in 2007. Comin translates to the spice cumin in the local language. Tintoretto was born in Venice as the eldest of 21 children, his father, was a dyer, or tintore. The family was believed to have originated from Brescia, in Lombardy part of the Republic of Venice.
Older studies gave the Tuscan town of Lucca as the origin of the family. In childhood Jacopo, a born painter, began daubing on the dyer's walls; this was around 1533, when Titian was over 40 years of age. Tintoretto had only been ten days in the studio when Titian sent him home for good, because the great master observed some spirited drawings, which he learned to be the production of Tintoretto. This, however, is mere conjecture. From this time forward the two always remained upon distant terms, though Tintoretto being indeed a professed and ardent admirer of Titian, but never a friend, Titian and his adherents turned a cold shoulder to him. There was active disparagement, but it passed unnoticed by Tintoretto; the latter studied on his own account with laborious zeal. His noble conception of art and his high personal ambition were both evidenced in the inscription which he placed over his studio Il disegno di Michelangelo ed il colorito di Tiziano, he studied more from models of Michelangelo's Dawn, Noon and Night, became expert in modelling in wax and clay method which afterwards stood him in good stead in working out the arrangement of his pictures.
The models were sometimes taken from dead subjects studied in anatomy schools. Now and afterwards he frequently worked by night as well as by day; the young painter Andrea Schiavone, four years Tintoretto's junior, was much in his company. Tintoretto helped Schiavone at no charge with wall-paintings; the two earliest mural paintings of Tintoretto—done, like others, for next to no pay—are said to have been Belshazzar's Feast and a Cavalry Fight. These have both long since perished, as have all his frescoes, later; the first work of his to attract some considerable notice was a portrait-group of himself and his brother—the latter playing a guitar—with a nocturnal effect. It was followed by some historical subject. One of Tintoretto's early pictures still extant is in the church of the Carmine in Venice, the Presentation of Jesus in the Temple. For the Scuola della Trinità he painted four subjects from Genesis. Two of these, now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice, are Adam and Eve and the Death of Abel, both noble works of high mastery, which leave us in no doubt that Tintoretto was by this time a consummate painter—one of the few who have attained to the highest eminence in the absence of any recorded formal training.
Up till 2012, The Embarkation of St Helena in the Holy Land was attributed to his contemporary Andrea Schiavone. But new analysis of the work has revealed it as one of a series of three paintings by Tintoretto, depicting the legend of St Helena And The Holy Cross; the error was uncovered during work on a project to catalogue continental European oil paintings in the UK. The Embarkation of St Helena was acquired by the V&A in 1865, its sister paintings, The Discovery Of The True Cross and St Helen Testing The True Cross, are held in galleries in the US. Towards 1546 Tintoretto painted for the church of the Madonna dell'Orto three of his leading works: the Worship of the Golden Calf, the Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple, the Last Judgment, he took the commission for two of the paintings, the Worship of the Golden Calf and the Last Judgment, on a cost only basis in order to make himself better known. He settled down in a house hard by the church, it is a Gothic building, looking over the Fondamenta de Mori, still standing.
In 1548 he was commissioned for four pictures
Castle
A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages by predominantly the nobility or royalty and by military orders. Scholars debate the scope of the word castle, but consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble; this is distinct from a palace, not fortified. Usage of the term has varied over time and has been applied to structures as diverse as hill forts and country houses. Over the 900 years that castles were built, they took on a great many forms with many different features, although some, such as curtain walls and arrowslits, were commonplace. European-style castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries, after the fall of the Carolingian Empire resulted in its territory being divided among individual lords and princes; these nobles built castles to control the area surrounding them and the castles were both offensive and defensive structures. Although their military origins are emphasised in castle studies, the structures served as centres of administration and symbols of power.
Urban castles were used to control the local populace and important travel routes, rural castles were situated near features that were integral to life in the community, such as mills, fertile land, or a water source. Many castles were built from earth and timber, but had their defences replaced by stone. Early castles exploited natural defences, lacking features such as towers and arrowslits and relying on a central keep. In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, a scientific approach to castle defence emerged; this led with an emphasis on flanking fire. Many new castles were polygonal or relied on concentric defence – several stages of defence within each other that could all function at the same time to maximise the castle's firepower; these changes in defence have been attributed to a mixture of castle technology from the Crusades, such as concentric fortification, inspiration from earlier defences, such as Roman forts. Not all the elements of castle architecture were military in nature, so that devices such as moats evolved from their original purpose of defence into symbols of power.
Some grand castles had long winding approaches intended to dominate their landscape. Although gunpowder was introduced to Europe in the 14th century, it did not affect castle building until the 15th century, when artillery became powerful enough to break through stone walls. While castles continued to be built well into the 16th century, new techniques to deal with improved cannon fire made them uncomfortable and undesirable places to live; as a result, true castles went into decline and were replaced by artillery forts with no role in civil administration, country houses that were indefensible. From the 18th century onwards, there was a renewed interest in castles with the construction of mock castles, part of a romantic revival of Gothic architecture, but they had no military purpose; the word castle is derived from the Latin word castellum, a diminutive of the word castrum, meaning "fortified place". The Old English castel, Old French castel or chastel, French château, Spanish castillo, Italian castello, a number of words in other languages derive from castellum.
The word castle was introduced into English shortly before the Norman Conquest to denote this type of building, new to England. In its simplest terms, the definition of a castle accepted amongst academics is "a private fortified residence"; this contrasts with earlier fortifications, such as Anglo-Saxon burhs and walled cities such as Constantinople and Antioch in the Middle East. Feudalism was the link between a lord and his vassal where, in return for military service and the expectation of loyalty, the lord would grant the vassal land. In the late 20th century, there was a trend to refine the definition of a castle by including the criterion of feudal ownership, thus tying castles to the medieval period. During the First Crusade, the Frankish armies encountered walled settlements and forts that they indiscriminately referred to as castles, but which would not be considered as such under the modern definition. Castles served a range of purposes, the most important of which were military and domestic.
As well as defensive structures, castles were offensive tools which could be used as a base of operations in enemy territory. Castles were established by Norman invaders of England for both defensive purposes and to pacify the country's inhabitants; as William the Conqueror advanced through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. Between 1066 and 1087, he established 36 castles such as Warwick Castle, which he used to guard against rebellion in the English Midlands. Towards the end of the Middle Ages, castles tended to lose their military significance due to the advent of powerful cannons and permanent artillery fortifications. A castle could act as a stronghold and prison but was a place where a knight or lord could entertain his peers. Over time the aesthetics of the design became more important, as the castle's appearance and size began to refle
George Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle
George James Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle, known as George Howard until 1889, was an English aristocrat, peer and painter. He was the last Earl of Carlisle to own Castle Howard. Howard was born in London, the son of Charles Howard, fifth son of George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle, his mother was the Honourable Mary Parke, daughter of 1st Baron Wensleydale. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, where he joined the Cambridge Apostles in 1864. After graduating from Cambridge he studied at Heatherley School of Fine Art in London. Howard's art teachers were Alphonse Legros and Giovanni Costa, he belonged to the'Etruscan School' of painters, he married Rosalind Frances Stanley in 1864, but did not share her campaigning interests, although he supported temperance. He was a friend of, a patron to, a number of the artists of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, being close to Edward Burne-Jones; the Howards lived in London in Kensington, in a house at 1 Palace Green, built for them by Arts and Crafts architect Philip Webb in 1870, at Naworth Castle.
Among their visitors at Naworth were Robert Browning, William Ewart Gladstone, Lewis Carroll, Lord Tennyson and many others stayed with them at Naworth. William Morris was an intimate friend, his wallpapers were used in Kensington, at Naworth Castle and at Castle Howard when George inherited it. With Morris and Webb he was one of the founding members of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. Lord Carlisle's work can be found in a number of public and private collections, including the Tate, York Art Gallery, the Government Art Collection, the National Portrait Gallery, the Ashmolean Museum, the Delaware Art Museum, the Castle Howard collection and the British Library. Howard was Liberal Party Member of Parliament for East Cumberland between 1879 and 1880 and again between 1881 and 1885, he succeeded in the earldom in 1889 on the death of his uncle The 8th Earl of Carlisle. He was a trustee of the National Gallery. Lord Carlisle married the Honourable Rosalind Frances Stanley, daughter of Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley, in 1864.
They had eleven children: Lady Mary Henrietta Howard married George Gilbert Aimé Murray on 30 November 1889. Charles James Stanley Howard, 10th Earl of Carlisle. Lady Cecilia Howard married Charles Henry Roberts on 7 April 1891. Hon. Hubert George Lyulph Howard, killed at the Battle of Omdurman. Hon. Christopher Edward Howard. Hon. Oliver Howard married Muriel Stephenson on 17 March 1900. Hon. Geoffrey William Algernon Howard. Hon. Michael Francis Stafford Howard married Nora Hensman on 30 November 1911. Lady Dorothy Howard married Francis Robert Eden on 14 October 1913. Lady Elizabeth Dacre Howard. Lady Aurea Howard married Denyss Chamberlaine Wace in 1923. Lord Carlisle died at Brackland, Surrey, in April 1911, aged 67, his eldest son Charles succeeded in the earldom. The Countess of Carlisle died in August 1921, aged 76. Virginia Surtees the Autocrat. George and Rosalind Howard and Countess of Carlisle Robin Gibson, George Howard and His Circle at Carlisle, The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 110, No. 789, Special Issue Commemorating the Bicentenary of The Royal Academy, p. 720 Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by George Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle Victorian Web page ArtCyclopedia page St Martin's Pre-Raphaelite Church, Cumbria at www.stmartinsbrampton.org.uk National Portrait Gallery.
Colen Campbell
Colen Campbell was a pioneering Scottish architect and architectural writer, credited as a founder of the Georgian style. For most of his career, he resided in England. A descendant of the Campbells of Cawdor Castle, he is believed to be the Colinus Campbell who graduated from the University of Edinburgh in July 1695, he trained as a lawyer, being admitted to the Faculty of Advocates on 29 July 1702. He had travelled in Italy from 1695–1702 and is believed to be the Colinus Campbell who signed the visitor's book at the University of Padua in 1697, he is believed to have trained in and studied architecture under James Smith, this belief is strengthened by Campbell owning several drawings of buildings designed by Smith. His major published work, Vitruvius Britannicus, or the British Architect... appeared in three volumes between 1715 and 1725. Vitruvius Britannicus was the first architectural work to originate in England since John Shute's Elizabethan First Groundes. In the empirical vein, it was not a treatise but a catalogue of design, containing engravings of English buildings by Inigo Jones and Sir Christopher Wren, as well as Campbell himself and other prominent architects of the era.
In the introduction that he appended and in the brief descriptions, Campbell belaboured the "excesses" of Baroque style and declared British independence from foreigners while he dedicated the volume to Hanoverian George I. The third volume has several grand layouts of gardens and parks, with straight allées, for courts and patterned parterres and radiating rides through wooded plantations, in a Baroque manner, becoming old-fashioned. Buildings were shown in plan and elevation, but some were in a bird's-eye perspective; the drawings and designs contained in the book were under way before Campbell was drawn into the speculative scheme. The success of the volumes was instrumental in popularising neo-Palladian Architecture in Great Britain and America during the 18th century. For example, Plate 16 of Vitruvius Britannicus, a rendering of Somerset House in London, was an inspiration for American architect Peter Harrison when he designed the Brick Market in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1761. Campbell was influenced as a young man by James Smith, the pre-eminent Scots architect of his day, an early neo-Palladian whom Campbell called "the most experienced architect" of Scotland.
The somewhat promotional volume, with its excellently rendered engravings, came at a propitious moment at the beginning of a boom in country house and villa building among the Whig oligarchy. Campbell was taken up by Lord Burlington, who replaced James Gibbs with Campbell at Burlington House in London and set out to place himself at the center of English neo-Palladian architecture. In 1718, Campbell was appointed deputy to the amateur gentleman who had replaced Wren as Surveyor General of the Royal Board of Works, an appointment that Burlington is certain to have pressed, but a short-lived one; when Benson, the new Surveyor was turned out of office, Campbell went with him. Wanstead House, Essex: ca 1713/4 – 20 In the first volume of Vitruvius Britannicus the most influential designs were two alternatives for a palatial Wanstead House, for the merchant-banker Sir Richard Child, of which the second design was under way when the volume was published. Burlington House, London 1717. Remodelled the front and provided an entrance gateway for Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington Stourhead, Wiltshire, 1721–24, as a seat for the London-based banker Henry Hoare.
Wings were added in the 18th century, Campbell's portico was not executed until 1841. The famous landscape garden round a lake, somewhat apart from the house, was developed after Campbell's death, by Henry Flitcroft. Pembroke House, London, for Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke, 1723, a London house in a prominent location for the heir of Jones' Wilton House, it was rebuilt in 1757 and demolished in 1913. Lord Herbert was inspired by it to design the similar Marble Hill at Twickenham for Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk, the mistress of the future George II. Houghton Hall, begun 1722, for Sir Robert Walpole, the Whig prime minister. Here Campbell was replaced by Gibbs, who capped the end pavilions with octagonal domes, by William Kent, who designed the interiors. Mereworth Castle, Kent 1722 – 25: Campbell's most overtly palladian design, based on Villa La Rotonda, capped with a dome with no drum, through which 24 chimney flues pass to the lantern. Waverley Abbey, Surrey ca 1723–25 for John Aislabie Nos 76 and 78 Brook Street, London W1, 1725 – 26.
No. 76, which survives, was Campbell's own house, the designs for its interiors published in his Five Orders of architecture. It carries a blue plaque commemorating him. Compton Place, Sussex, 1726 onwards, south front and extensive internal rebuilding for Sir Spencer Compton Plumptre House, Nottingham 1724 - 30. Remodelled for John Plumptre MP. Shawfield Mansion, Glasgow demolished 1792 Wanstead House, Essex demolished 1822 Hedworth House, Chester-le-Street H
_-_north_west_view.JPG)
