1.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
2.
Republic of Ireland
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Ireland, also known as the Republic of Ireland, is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, which is located on the part of the island. The state shares its land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, Saint Georges Channel to the south-east, and it is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The head of government is the Taoiseach, who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President, the state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty. It was officially declared a republic in 1949, following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955. It joined the European Economic Community, the predecessor of the European Union, after joining the EEC, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth. The country achieved considerable prosperity between the years of 1995 and 2007, which known as the Celtic Tiger period. This was halted by a financial crisis that began in 2008. However, as the Irish economy was the fastest growing in the EU in 2015, Ireland is again quickly ascending league tables comparing wealth and prosperity internationally. For example, in 2015, Ireland was ranked as the joint sixth most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index and it also performs well in several national performance metrics, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. Ireland is a member of the European Union and is a member of the Council of Europe. The 1922 state, comprising 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland, was styled, the Constitution of Ireland, adopted in 1937, provides that the name of the State is Éire, or, in the English language, Ireland. Section 2 of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 states, It is hereby declared that the description of the State shall be the Republic of Ireland. The 1948 Act does not name the state as Republic of Ireland, because to have done so would have put it in conflict with the Constitution. The government of the United Kingdom used the name Eire, and, from 1949, Republic of Ireland, for the state, as well as Ireland, Éire or the Republic of Ireland, the state is also referred to as the Republic, Southern Ireland or the South. In an Irish republican context it is referred to as the Free State or the 26 Counties. From the Act of Union on 1 January 1801, until 6 December 1922, during the Great Famine, from 1845 to 1849, the islands population of over 8 million fell by 30%
3.
Provinces of Ireland
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Ireland has historically been divided into four provinces, Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster. The provinces of Ireland serve no administrative or political purposes, a king of over-kings, a rí ruirech was often a provincial or semi-provincial king to whom several ruiri were subordinate. Entities belonging to the 1st and 2nd millennia are listed and these do not all belong to the same periods. Over the centuries, the number of provincial kings varied between three and six, no more than six genuine rí ruirech were ever contemporary, with the average being three or four. Also, following the Norman invasion, the situation became more condensed and complicated than previously. The Norman invasion began in 1169, and the Normans went on to occupy Ireland until 1541, in the early Irish annals these five ancient political divisions were referred to as cúigí such as the fifth of Munster, the fifth of Ulster and so on. Later record-makers dubbed them provinces, in imitation of the Roman imperial provinciae, in modern times they have become associated with groups of counties, although they have no legal status. The provinces were supplanted by the present system of counties after the Norman invasion, during the Tudor conquest, and for about a century after, provincial Presidencies existed in Connacht and Munster, serving a primarily military role. Six of the nine Ulster counties form modern-day Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is sometimes called a province of the United Kingdom. These two inconsistent usages of the province can cause confusion. This dinnseanchas poem named Ard Ruide poetically describes the kingdoms of Ireland, Munster in the south is the kingdom of music and the arts, of harpers, of skilled ficheall players and of skilled horsemen. The fairs of Munster were the greatest in all Ireland, the last kingdom, Meath, is the kingdom of Kingship, of stewardship, of bounty in government, in Meath lies the Hill of Tara, the traditional seat of the High King of Ireland. The ancient earthwork of Tara is called Rath na Ríthe
4.
Ulster
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Ulster is a province in the north of the island of Ireland. In ancient Ireland, it was one of the fifths ruled by a rí ruirech, the definition of the province was fluid from early to medieval times. It took a shape in the reign of King James I of England when all the counties of Ireland were eventually shired. This process of evolving conquest had been under way since the Norman invasion of Ireland, particularly as advanced by the Cambro-Norman magnates Hugh de Lacy, Ulster was a central topic role in the parliamentary debates that eventually resulted in the Government of Ireland Act 1920. Under the terms of the Act, Ireland was divided into two territories, Southern Ireland and Northern Ireland, with the passing through the province. While these six counties and two boroughs were all in the province of Ulster, three other counties of the province – Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan – were assigned to the Irish Free State. Ulster has no function for local government purposes in either country. However, for the purposes of ISO-3166-2, Ulster is used to refer to the three counties of Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan only, which are given country sub-division code IE-U. It has also suggested to have derived from Uladh plus the Norse suffix ster. The Irish name, Cúige Uladh, means the province of the Ulaid, the Ulaidh were a group of tribes who dwelt in the region. Ulaidh has historically been anglicised as Ulagh or Ullagh and Latinised as Ulidia or Ultonia, the latter two have yielded the terms Ulidian and Ultonian. Words that have used in English are Ullish and Ulsterman/Ulsterwoman. Northern Ireland is often referred to as Ulster, despite including only six of Ulsters nine counties and this usage is most common amongst people in Northern Ireland who are unionist, although it is also used by the media throughout the United Kingdom. Most Irish nationalists object to the use of Ulster in this context, Ulster has a population of just over 2 million people and an area of 21,552 square kilometres. About 62% of the area of Ulster is in the UK while the remaining 38% is in the Republic of Ireland. Ulsters biggest city, Belfast, has an population of over half a million inhabitants, making it the second-largest city on the island of Ireland. Three Ulster counties – Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan – form part of the Republic of Ireland, about half of Ulsters population lives in counties Antrim and Down. 8% to 42. 7%. While the traditional counties continue to demarcate areas of government in the Republic of Ireland
5.
Counties of Ireland
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The counties of Ireland are sub-national divisions that have been, and in some cases continue to be, used to geographically demarcate areas of local government. These land divisions were formed following the Norman invasion of Ireland in imitation of the then in use as units of local government in the Kingdom of England. The older term shire was historically equivalent to county, the principal function of the county was to impose royal control in the areas of taxation, security and the administration of justice at the local level. Cambro-Norman control was limited to the southeastern parts of Ireland. The powers exercised by the Cambro-Norman barons and the Old English nobility waned over time, new offices of political control came to be established at a county level. In the Republic of Ireland, some counties have been resulting in the creation of new counties. Along with certain defined cities, counties form the basis for the demarcation of areas of local government in the Republic of Ireland. Currently, there are 26 county level,3 city level and 2 city and county entities – the modern equivalent of counties corporate – that are used to demarcate areas of government in the Republic. In Northern Ireland, counties are no longer used for local government, upon the partition of Ireland in 1921, the county became one of the basic land divisions employed, along with county boroughs. The word county has come to be used in different senses for different purposes, in common usage, many people have in mind the 32 counties that existed prior to 1838 – the so-called traditional counties. However, in usage in the Republic of Ireland, the term often refers to the 28 modern counties. The term is also conflated with the 31 areas currently used to demarcate areas of government in the Republic of Ireland at the level of LAU1. In Ireland, usage of the county nearly always comes before rather than after the county name, thus County Roscommon in Ireland as opposed to Roscommon County in Michigan. The former Kings County and Queens County were exceptions, these are now County Offaly and County Laois, the abbreviation Co. is used, as in Co. There appears to be no official guidance in the matter, as even the local council uses all three forms, the synonym shire is not used for Irish counties, although the Marquessate of Downshire was named in 1789 after County Down. Parts of some towns and cities were exempt from the jurisdiction of the counties that surrounded them and these towns and cities had the status of a County corporate, many granted by Royal Charter, which had all the judicial, administrative and revenue raising powers of the regular counties. The political geography of Ireland can be traced with accuracy from the 6th century. At that time Ireland was divided into a patchwork of petty kingdoms with a political hierarchy which
6.
County Donegal
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County Donegal is a county of Ireland. It is part of the Border Region of the Republic of Ireland and is in the province of Ulster and it is named after the town of Donegal in the south of the county. Donegal County Council is the council for the county and Lifford serves as the county town. The population of the county is 158,755 according to the 2016 census and it has also been known as Tyrconnell, after the historic territory of the same name. In terms of size and area, it is the largest county in Ulster, uniquely, County Donegal shares a small border with only one other county in the Republic of Ireland – County Leitrim. The greater part of its border is shared with three counties of Northern Ireland, County Londonderry, County Tyrone and County Fermanagh. While Lifford is the county town, Letterkenny is by far the largest town in the county with a population of 19,588, Letterkenny and the nearby city of Derry form the main economic axis of the northwest of Ireland. Indeed, what became the City of Derry was officially part of County Donegal up until 1610, there are two Gaeltacht districts in the west, The Rosses, centred on the town of Dungloe, and Gweedore. Another Gaeltacht district is located in the north-west, Cloughaneely, centred on the town of Falcarragh, the most northerly part of the island of Ireland is the location for three peninsulas of outstanding natural beauty, Inishowen, Fanad and Rosguill. The main population centre of Inishowen, Irelands largest peninsula, is Buncrana, in the east of the county lies the Finn Valley. The Laggan district is centred on the town of Raphoe, according to the 1841 Census, County Donegal had a population of 296,000 people. As a result of famine and emigration, the population had reduced by 41,000 by 1851, by the time of the 1951 Census the population was only 44% of what it had been in 1841. The 2006 Census, undertaken by the States Central Statistics Office, had County Donegals population standing at 147,264, according to the 2011 Census, the countys population had grown to 161,137. It has an indented coastline forming natural sea loughs, of which both Lough Swilly and Lough Foyle are the most notable. The Slieve League cliffs are the sixth-highest sea cliffs in Europe, the climate is temperate and dominated by the Gulf Stream, with warm, damp summers and mild wet winters. Two permanently inhabited islands, Arranmore and Tory Island, lie off the coast, Irelands second longest river, the Erne, enters Donegal Bay near the town of Ballyshannon. The River Erne, along with other Donegal waterways, has been dammed to produce hydroelectric power, the River Foyle separates part of County Donegal from parts of both counties Londonderry and Tyrone. A survey of the marine algae of County Donegal was published in 2003
7.
West European Time
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Western European Time is a time zone covering parts of western and northwestern Europe. WEST is called British Summer Time in the UK and is known as Irish Standard Time in Ireland. Conversely, Iceland and eastern Greenland are included although both are west of 7. 5°W, in September 2013, a Spanish parliamentary committee recommended switching to WET, a move being considered by MPs. However, the German occupation switched France to German time, two other occupied territories, Belgium and the Netherlands, did the same, and Spain also switched to CET in solidarity with Germany under the orders of General Franco. In the United Kingdom, from 1940 to 1945 British Summer Time was used in winters, between 18 February 1968 and 31 October 1971, BST was used all year round. In Ireland, from 1940 to 1946 Irish Summer Time was used all year round, between 18 February 1968 and 31 October 1971, Irish Standard Time was used all year round. In Portugal, CET was used in the mainland from 1966 to 1976, the autonomous region of the Azores used WET from 1992 to 1993. Iceland Mykines, Faroe Islands Western Ireland Western Portugal Madeira Canary Islands These areas are located between 7°30′ W and 22°30′ W Areas using UTC+1, See Central European Time
8.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
9.
Irish Standard Time
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Ireland uses Irish Standard Time in the summer months and Greenwich Mean Time in the winter period. In Ireland, the Standard Time Act 1968 legally established that the time for purposes in the State shall be one hour in advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year. This act was amended by the Standard Time Act 1971, which legally established Greenwich Mean Time as a time period. Ireland therefore operates one hour behind standard time during the winter period and this is defined in contrast to the other states in the European Union, which operate one hour ahead of standard time during the summer period, but produces the same end result. The instant of transition to and from saving time is synchronised across Europe. In Ireland, Winter time begins at 02,00 IST on the last Sunday in October, the Statutes Act,1880 defined Dublin Mean Time as the legal time for Ireland. T. M. Healy opposed the reading on the basis that while the Daylight Saving Bill added to the length of your daylight. After the Irish Free State became independent in 1922, subsequent developments tended to mirror those in the United Kingdom and this avoided having different times on either side of the border with Northern Ireland. Summer time was provided on a basis by acts in 1923 and 1924. The 1925 act provided a summer time period, which could be varied by ministerial order. Double summer time was considered but not introduced during the Emergency of World War II, from 1968 standard time was observed all year round, with no winter time change. This was an experiment in the run-up to Irelands 1973 accession to the EEC, in those years, time in Ireland was the same as in the six EEC countries, except in the summer in Italy, which switched to Central European Summer Time. From the 1980s, the dates of switch between winter and summer time have been synchronised across the European Union. The statutory instruments that have been issued under the Standard Time Acts are listed below, in format year/SI-number, except where stated, those issued up to 1967 were called Summer Time Order <year>, while those issued from 1981 are Winter Time Order <year>. In November 2012, Tommy Broughan introduced a members bill to permit a three-year trial of advancing time by one hour, to CET in winter. In July 2014, the joint committee issued an invitation for submissions on the bill, closing time in Irish public houses was half an hour later during summer time. In 2000, the closing hours were simplified by removing summer/winter time changes. Between 1933 and 1961, lighting-up time was an hour before/after sunrise/sunset in summer-time, since 1961, it has been half-an-hour in all cases
10.
Western European Summer Time
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Western European Summer Time is a summer daylight saving time scheme,1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Also sometimes erroneously referred to as Irish Summer Time, the scheme runs from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October each year. At both the start and end of the schemes, clock changes take place at 01,00 UTC, during the winter, Greenwich Mean Time is used. The asymmetry reflects temperature more than the length of daylight, Ireland observes Standard Time during the summer months and changes to UTC+0 in winter. As Irelands winter time period begins on the last Sunday in October and finishes on the last Sunday in March, the result is the same as if it observed summer time. The following countries and territories use Western European Summer Time during the summer, starting in 1916, the dates for the beginning and end of BST each year were mandated by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In February 2002, the Summer Time Order 2002 changed the dates and times to match European rules for moving to, note, Until 1 October 1916 time in all of Ireland was based on Dublin Mean Time, GMT −25 minutes. BBC News report, Tundra time call in clocks debate, UK Government Report, Overview of the pros and cons of British Summer Time
11.
Irish language
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Irish, also referred to as Gaelic or Irish Gaelic, is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people. Irish is spoken as a first language by a minority of Irish people. Irish enjoys constitutional status as the national and first official language of the Republic of Ireland and it is also among the official languages of the European Union. The public body Foras na Gaeilge is responsible for the promotion of the language throughout the island of Ireland and it has the oldest vernacular literature in Western Europe. The fate of the language was influenced by the power of the English state in Ireland. Elizabethan officials viewed the use of Irish unfavourably, as being a threat to all things English in Ireland and its decline began under English rule in the 17th century. In the latter part of the 19th century, there was a decrease in the number of speakers. Irish-speaking areas were hit especially hard, by the end of British rule, the language was spoken by less than 15% of the national population. Since then, Irish speakers have been in the minority, efforts have been made by the state, individuals and organisations to preserve, promote and revive the language, but with mixed results. Around the turn of the 21st century, estimates of native speakers ranged from 20,000 to 80,000 people. In the 2011 Census, these numbers had increased to 94,000 and 1.3 million, there are several thousand Irish speakers in Northern Ireland. It has been estimated that the active Irish-language scene probably comprises 5 to 10 per cent of Irelands population, there has been a significant increase in the number of urban Irish speakers, particularly in Dublin. In Gaeltacht areas, however, there has been a decline of the use of Irish. Údarás na Gaeltachta predicted that, by 2025, Irish will no longer be the language in any of the designated Gaeltacht areas. Survey data suggest that most Irish people think highly of Irish as a marker of identity. It has also argued that newer urban groups of Irish speakers are a disruptive force in this respect. In An Caighdeán Oifigiúil the name of the language is Gaeilge, before the spelling reform of 1948, this form was spelled Gaedhilge, originally this was the genitive of Gaedhealg, the form used in Classical Irish. Older spellings of this include Gaoidhealg in Classical Irish and Goídelc in Old Irish, the modern spelling results from the deletion of the silent dh in the middle of Gaedhilge, whereas Goidelic languages, used to refer to the language family including Irish, comes from Old Irish
12.
Ballybofey
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Ballybofey is a town located on the south bank of the River Finn, County Donegal, Ireland. Along with the town of Stranorlar on the north side of the River Finn. The town grew rapidly in the 19th and 20th centuries, Ballybofey also plays host to the Twin Towns Festival which takes place annually. The centrepiece of the festival is a parade on the Sunday, the last of these took place on 19 August 2007. There are no schools or churches in the town of Ballybofey itself, just a few miles west of Ballybofey, on the main road to Fintown, is the Glenmore Estate, located at Welchtown. The estate formerly included Glenmore Lodge, a house that stood on the opposite, southern bank of the River Finn. The house was built in the Georgian-style in the mid-to-late-18th-century. It was re-worked for Sir William Styles in the neo-Tudor-style in the early 20th-century, the house was demolished in the 1990s. The private estate is now famous for its fishing and hunting, the Balor Arts Centre is a state of the art theatre complex, based in the heart of Ballybofey. The main auditorium holds 300 seats, incorporating 56 seats in the balcony, the Butt Drama Circle celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2009, having started out in the Butt Hall in 1959. The BDC is basically a drama club which has expanded its remit considerably. Apart from its own amateur drama productions, and participating in regional and national drama festivals, Ballybofey is home to Finn Park where League of Ireland side Finn Harps play their home games. Seán MacCumhail Park is also located in Ballybofey, where the Donegal senior football team play most of their home games, the Isaac Butt Memorial Hall is named after him. Ballybofey railway station opened on 3 June 1895, but finally closed on 15 December 1947, list of populated places in Ireland Market Houses in the Republic of Ireland Ballybofey/Stranorlar Fiach Arts Twin Town Oils
13.
Lifford
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Lifford is the county town of County Donegal, Ireland. It is the capital of the county and the seat of Donegal County Council. Lifford lies in the Finn Valley area of East Donegal where the River Finn meets the River Mourne to create the River Foyle, the Burn Deele, a burn, flows into the River Foyle just north of Lifford. The town grew up around a castle there by Manghus Ó Domhnaill, ruler of Tír Chonaill. It later became a British Army garrison town until Ireland won independence as a dominion in early December 1922 and it lies across the River Foyle from Strabane and is linked to that town by Lifford Bridge. Manus ODonnell began building the castle in 1527 on the Wednesday after St. Brendans day and he completed the masonry and woodwork by the end of that summer even though the O’Neill’s of Tyrone were at war with him. In 1543 the castle of Leithbher was given to Cahir OGallagher to be guarded for the O’Donnell clan and he then proceeded to banish the people loyal to the O’Donnell’s from the castle so that he could keep it for himself. In 1544 Calvagh, the son of ODonnell, went to the English Lord Justice, and brought back English soldiers with him to Tirconnell, the olden name for County Donegal. ODonnell, Calvagh, and these men went with ‘ordnance and engines for taking towns’ to the castle of Lifford to take it back from the descendants of the OGallaghers. Cahir, the son of Tuathal Balbh & Turlough, the son of Felim Fin OGallagher, as the English attacked one was killed instantly so they killed Cahir, the son of Tuathal on the spot. The castle was surrendered to O’Donnell to spare the life of Turlough. The Battle of Lifford was fought in 1600 during Tyrones Rebellion, following the defeat of ODohertys Rebellion at the Battle of Kilmacrennan in 1608, a number of captured rebels were brought to Lifford where they were tried by Irish civilian courts and executed. The most notable rebel to be executed was Phelim Reagh MacDavitt, in 1611 Lifford came into the possession of Sir Richard Hansard during the Plantation of Ulster. One of the conditions of his grant was that a ferry crossing be provided over the River Finn and this service continued until 1730 when the first bridge linking Lifford and Strabane was built. In some of the cases of counties Donegal and Tyrone this would have been the middle of Lifford Bridge, the present bridge was constructed by engineering company McAlpines in 1964, jointly funded by Donegal County Council and the old Tyrone County Council. During The Troubles in 1968, an attempt was made to blow the bridge up, However, it was only closed for a short time and today remains an important road link. Lifford achieved national recognition in the 2008 Tidy Towns Awards as the best newcomer to the competition in Category C, Lifford was once a constituency that elected two M. P. s from the area to the Irish House of Commons from the years 1692 until 1800. More information on who represented the area can be here at Lifford
14.
N15 road (Ireland)
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The N15 road is a national primary road in Ireland. It begins in County Sligo in the northwest of Ireland, and ends in County Donegal. and proceeds Northeast through Donegal and it continues as the A38 road from the west side of Strabane, County Tyrone, UK. It forms part of the proposed Atlantic Corridor route, the N15 is one of a number of primary roads radiating from Sligo. Sligo is also located at the start of the N16 to Manorhamilton and Enniskillen, the N15 commences halfway across Lifford Bridge, continuing the route of A38. In Lifford, west of the River Foyle, the N14 meets the N15, the N15 leaves to the southwest, changing to run west at the point just west of Clady across the border. It continues west through Castlefin, Liscooley and Killygordon to reach Stranorlar, in Stranorlar, the N13 commences, leaving the N15 to head north, with the N15 itself turning southwest to cross the River Finn to enter Ballybofey. From here, it continues southwest through the mountains and Barnesmore Gap towards Donegal Town. East of the town itself, the N56 road starts at a junction on the N15 and runs around the north of the town, with the N15 turning to the south, south of Donegal Town, the N15 passes by Ballintra to the west. Further south, the route follows a road opened in 2006, bypassing Ballyshannon to the east, Bundoran, southwest of Ballyshannon, marks the last town in County Donegal that the N15 passes by, it enters County Leitrim directly west of Bundoran. Tullaghan is the town along the N15 in Leitrim, as the route passes into County Sligo shortly after. The N15 runs closer to the coastline in County Sligo, passing through Cliffoney, from here the route continues south, in the shadow of Benbulbin, through Drumcliffe. Sligo itself is entered from the north, the route ends at the start of the N4, which continues through the town as the Sligo Inner Relief Road dual carriageway. The 20 km route between Lifford and Stranorlar is a single road of very poor quality. A replacement of the current alignment with a new single carriageway road is planned, bypassing Castlefin, Liscooley and this will connect with a 16 km 2+1 bypass of Stranorlar and Ballybofey which is also planned. This will bypass the towns to the south, with a new crossing of the River Finn, the N15 runs for over 26 km in County Sligo, passing north of the mountains and around Benbulbin before turning around Drumcliffe Bay to enter Sligo Town. A bypass of the route is planned, with dual carriageway for at least part of the route. A route has been selected for the project, with the new road to run closer to the mountains and the bay than the existing N15
15.
Bundoran
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Bundoran is a town in County Donegal, Ireland. The town is located on the N15 road near Ballyshannon, and is the most southerly town in Donegal, the town is a popular seaside resort, and tourism has been at the heart of the local economy since 1777. Bundoran is a surfing area and was listed by National Geographic magazine in 2012 as one of the Worlds Top 20 Surf Towns. Bundoran, or as it is known in Irish Bun Dobhráin, was, up until over a century ago, Bundoran was the village west of the bridge over the River Bradoge. This area is now called the West End, East of the bridge, about 2 kilometres away, was the village of Single Street. In between these two communities was the townland of Drumacrin. The area of Drumcacrin is now part of what is todays town centre, Single Street was where most of the local population lived. The first official record of Bundoran is in a deposition by Hugh Gaskein on 16 May 1653 and he was a witness to events during the 1641 Rebellion when he was an apprentice butcher in Sligo. In 1689 a skirmish was fought near Bundoran between a Jacobite force under Sir Connell Ferrall and the retreating Protestant garrison of Sligo, william Cole, Viscount Enniskillen, built Bundoran Lodge, his summer home, in 1777. This building still stands on Bayview Avenue and is now called Homefield House, the Viscount seems to have started a trend amongst his contemporaries as more of them discovered Bundoran and visited it to enjoy the seaside and what were believed to be its health benefits. Canon Kelaghan also had the present Catholic church built in 1859, the Great Northern Railway operated the E&BR line from 1876 and absorbed the company in 1896. In this period Bundoran emerged as one of Irelands most popular seaside resorts, by the end of the 19th century it had become one of the main seaside resorts in Ulster. Hotels and lodging houses were opened around the town and the GNR built the Great Northern Hotel, during The Emergency of 1939–45 the GNR introduced the Bundoran Express that linked Dublin and Bundoran via Dundalk and Enniskillen. It also carried pilgrims to and from Pettigo, which was the nearest station for Lough Derg in County Donegal, there were also through trains between Bundoran and Belfast. The partition of Ireland in 1922 turned the boundary with County Fermanagh into an international frontier, henceforth Bundorans only railway link with the rest of the Irish Free State was via Northern Ireland, and as such was subject to delays for customs inspections. The Government of Northern Ireland closed much of the GNR network on its side of the border in 1957 and this gave the Republic no practical alternative but to allow the closure of the line between the border and Bundoran. Thereafter the nearest railheads for Bundoran were Sligo in the Republic and Omagh in Northern Ireland, today, the closest railway stations to Bundoran are Sligo Mac Diarmada Station in Sligo Town and Waterside Station in Derry. For almost two centuries people have flocked to Bundoran beach on hot summer days, the tradition of bathing boxes began in Victorian times
16.
Stranorlar
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Stranorlar is a small town in the Finn Valley of County Donegal, in Ireland. Stranorlar and Ballybofey form the Twin Towns, the town is located at the junction of the N15 and N13 national primary roads. At its peak the railway had 130 employees, to celebrate the millennium, the old clock from the railway station was restored and installed in a new clock tower which sits at the old pedestrian entrance to the railway station yard. The town remains the main depot for Bus Éireann within County Donegal, the next nearest railway station is Sligo railway station where Iarnród Éireann, Official site - Timetables, bookings and operations trains run to Dublin Connolly. Stranorlar is home to St. Columbas College and Finn Valley College, the town is also home to two primary schools. St Marys primary school 0and the Robertson National School, isaac Butt MP, founder of the Home Rule Movement is buried in the churchyard of the Church of Ireland which has a registered monument. The Catholic Church of St Mary is an imposing 19th Century structure, there is a reformed presbyterian church and a Presbyterian church in Stranorlar also. Finn Valley Athletics Club has its track in the town, there is an 18 hole golf course and game fishing in the river Finn, and nearby is the Lough Alann bird sanctuary. Stranorlar is home to Finn Valley Rugby Club Drumboe Woods are the major attraction of Stranorlar, the woods are managed by Coillte and provide walking routes along the banks of the River Finn and the upper woods. Outside the town, a folly called The Steeple is a popular destination for many walkers. From the top of the tower, on a clear day, there is a raised ring fort at Dunwiley, outside the town. There are numerous guest houses throughout the town and on the street is Stranorlars only hotel. Kees Hotel is a family run hotel, first established in the 19th century as a coach house, the vernacular architecture of the town is largely 19th century solid two and three storey townhouses, one or two of some interest. Unfortunately, they are rapidly being lost to development, frances Browne, poet and novelist James Boyle, MP Helen OClery, writer Jason Quigley & Steven O Reilly List of towns and villages in Ireland Local Art Group
17.
Letterkenny
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Letterkenny, nicknamed the Cathedral Town, is the largest and most populous town in County Donegal, Ireland. It lies on the River Swilly in east Donegal and has a population of 19,588, along with the nearby city of Derry, Letterkenny forms the major economic core of the islands north-west. Letterkenny began as a town at the start of the 17th century. A castle once stood near where the Cathedral of St. Eunan and St. Columba, Donegals only Roman Catholic cathedral, Letterkenny Castle, built in 1625, was located south of Mt Southwell on Castle Street. The Aura Complex, near ODonnell Park, includes an Olympic-standard swimming pool, the Danny McDaid Athletic Track, the town also boasts the location of rebel Theobald Wolfe Tones 1798 landing and subsequent arrest at Lairds Hotel. In 2015 it was awarded the accolade of being judged to be the tidiest town in Ireland, Letterkenny takes its name from the Irish Leitirceanainn, meaning Hillside of the OCannons – the OCannons being the last of the ancient chieftains of Tír Conaill. Although the OCannons were the last ruling chieftains in Tír Conaill, the OCannons are allegedly descended from Conn of the Hundred Battles and Niall of the Nine Hostages, two of Irelands most famous Kings. The OCannons have been described as Ancient Princes of Tír Connaill, however, their 350-year dynasty in Tír Connaill ended in 1250. Their ancient territory would seem to have been Tír Aeda, after the deaths of Ruairí Ó Canannain and his son Niall Ó Canannain in 1250, the sept declined greatly in power. Brian Ó Néill died ten years later in 1260, he had supported an Ó Canannain claimant to Tír Conaill, however, the OCannon Clan remained subserviant to the ODonnell Clan, the Kings of Tír Chonaill from the early thirteenth century onwards. The personal name Canannain is a diminutive of Cano meaning wolf cub, by the early 17th century the name Uí Canannain had been anglicised to OCannon. Further anglicisation took place during the Penal Laws in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, in the early 1880s, there were just 200 families bearing the Cannon surname living in Co. Donegal, who were tenant farmers. The site of the ancient seat of the Ó Canannain was near Letterkenny, Letterkenny is County Donegals largest and most important town. Hundreds of people travel to and from Letterkenny every day for work, whether in the towns many I. T. companies, General Hospital, schools, Letterkenny is around 25 km from Derry across the border in Northern Ireland. It may have established on the site of an earlier Gaelic settlement. It was the first crossing point of the River Swilly, Rory OCannon, the last chieftain of the OCannon Clan, was killed in 1248. Godfrey ODonnell succeeded Rory OCannon as King of Tír Conaill, Godfrey retired to a crannóg in Lough Beag
18.
Northern Ireland
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Northern Ireland is a constituent unit of the United Kingdom in the north-east of Ireland. It is variously described as a country, province, region, or part of the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the total population. Northern Ireland was created in 1921, when Ireland was partitioned between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland by an act of the British parliament, Northern Ireland has historically been the most industrialised region of Ireland. After declining as a result of the political and social turmoil of the Troubles, its economy has grown significantly since the late 1990s. Unemployment in Northern Ireland peaked at 17. 2% in 1986, dropping to 6. 1% for June–August 2014,58. 2% of those unemployed had been unemployed for over a year. Prominent artists and sports persons from Northern Ireland include Van Morrison, Rory McIlroy, Joey Dunlop, Wayne McCullough, some people from Northern Ireland prefer to identify as Irish while others prefer to identify as British. Cultural links between Northern Ireland, the rest of Ireland, and the rest of the UK are complex, in many sports, the island of Ireland fields a single team, a notable exception being association football. Northern Ireland competes separately at the Commonwealth Games, and people from Northern Ireland may compete for either Great Britain or Ireland at the Olympic Games. The region that is now Northern Ireland was the bedrock of the Irish war of resistance against English programmes of colonialism in the late 16th century, the English-controlled Kingdom of Ireland had been declared by the English king Henry VIII in 1542, but Irish resistance made English control fragmentary. Victories by English forces in war and further Protestant victories in the Williamite War in Ireland toward the close of the 17th century solidified Anglican rule in Ireland. In Northern Ireland, the victories of the Siege of Derry and their intention was to materially disadvantage the Catholic community and, to a lesser extent, the Presbyterian community. In the context of open institutional discrimination, the 18th century saw secret, militant societies develop in communities in the region and act on sectarian tensions in violent attacks. Following this, in an attempt to quell sectarianism and force the removal of discriminatory laws, the new state, formed in 1801, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was governed from a single government and parliament based in London. Between 1717 and 1775 some 250,000 people from Ulster emigrated to the British North American colonies and it is estimated that there are more than 27 million Scotch-Irish Americans now living in the US. By the close of the century, autonomy for Ireland within the United Kingdom, in 1912, after decades of obstruction from the House of Lords, Home Rule became a near-certainty. A clash between the House of Commons and House of Lords over a controversial budget produced the Parliament Act 1911, which enabled the veto of the Lords to be overturned. The House of Lords veto had been the unionists main guarantee that Home Rule would not be enacted, in 1914, they smuggled thousands of rifles and rounds of ammunition from Imperial Germany for use by the Ulster Volunteers, a paramilitary organisation opposed to the implementation of Home Rule
19.
Strabane
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Strabane, historically spelt Straban, is a town in West Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It was the headquarters of the former Strabane District Council, Strabane has a population of around 18,000, which is mainly Irish nationalist. It is the second-largest town in Tyrone, after Omagh and it lies on the east bank of the River Foyle and is roughly equidistant from Omagh, Derry City and Letterkenny. The River Foyle marks the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, on the other side of the river is the smaller town of Lifford, which is the county town of County Donegal. The Mourne flows through the centre of the town, and meets the Finn to form the Foyle River, in the 1600s the town was settled by Scottish families, an action that preceded the Plantation of Ulster. In 1608 during ODohertys Rebellion most of the fled to the safety of Lifford following Sir Cahir ODohertys Burning of Derry. Strabane once had the distinction of the highest unemployment rate in the Industrial World. It is one of the most economically deprived towns in the United Kingdom, Strabane suffered huge economic damage in 1987 when much of the centre of the town was flooded. Strabane had been moved out of the top 20 in the 2007 edition, Strabane was once the most bombed town in Europe per size and was the most bombed town in Northern Ireland. Many civilians and members of the security forces were killed or injured in the area over the course of the Troubles, many British Army regiments from England, Scotland and Wales served in Strabane at various times during the Troubles in the Barracks at the locally named Camels hump. As a result of the Good Friday Agreement, there is no longer any British Army presence in the town, Strabane became involved in the Ulster Project International, sending Catholic and Protestant teenagers to the United States for prejudice-reduction work. The Irish gauge 5 ft 3 in Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway reached Strabane in 1847, Omagh in 1852, the Great Northern Railway took over the L&ER in 1883. The Finn Valley Railway opened from Strabane to Stranorlar in 1863, the FV was originally Irish gauge but in 1892 it merged with the 3 ft narrow gauge West Donegal Railway to form the Donegal Railway and was reduced to the same narrow gauge for through running. The Donegal Railway opened its own line to Derry in 1900, in 1906 the GNR and Northern Counties Committee jointly took over the Donegal Railway, making it the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee. The 3 ft gauge Strabane and Letterkenny Railway opened in 1909 and was worked by the Joint Committee, the narrow gauge lines made Strabane one of the most important railway connections for County Donegal. The partition of Ireland in 1922 turned the boundary with County Donegal into an international frontier and this changed trade patterns to the railways detriment and placed border posts on the Joint Committees FV and S&L lines and on the GNR line to Derry. Stops for customs inspections greatly delayed trains and disrupted timekeeping, the Joint Committees Strabane-Derry line was closed in 1954, followed by the remainder of the narrow gauge system in 1960. In 1958 the Ulster Transport Authority took over the remaining GNR lines on the Northern Ireland side of the border, in accordance with The Benson Report submitted to the Northern Ireland Government in 1963, the UTA closed the former GNR line through Strabane to Derry in 1965
20.
Castlederg
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Castlederg is a village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It lies on the River Derg and is near the border with County Donegal and it stands in the townlands of Castlesessagh and Churchtown, in the historic barony of Omagh West and the civil parish of Urney. The village has a castle and two ancient tombs known as the Druids Altar and Todds Den. It had an population of 2,935 people in 2008. Traditionally, Castlederg was a stop along the ancient pilgrimage route to Station Island on Lough Derg. The town boasts ancient ruins and monastic settlements, during the Troubles,25 people were killed in and around Castlederg and there were many bombings in the village. Four IRA members were killed when their bombs exploded prematurely. Ulster loyalist paramilitaries killed three Catholic civilians, for more information, see The Troubles in Castlederg. Castlederg recorded a Northern Ireland record low temperature of −18.7 °C on the morning of 23 December 2010, the narrow-gauge Castlederg and Victoria Bridge Tramway was built in 1883, to link the village with the Great Northern Railway at Victoria Bridge. Castlederg railway station opened on 4 July 1884, but was closed on 17 April 1933. C. On Census Day 29 April 2001 the resident population of Castlederg ward was 2,074,6. 2% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed. For more details see, NI Neighbourhood Information Service NI Conflict Archive on the Internet Cycle Northwest Strabane District Council NISRA Welcome to Castlederg
21.
Raphoe
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Raphoe is a town in County Donegal, Ireland. The Burn Deele is a burn that flows a short distance to the south of Raphoe, the Burn Deele eventually flows, via the village of Ballindrait, into the River Foyle just north of Lifford. Raphoe, historically Raffoe, comes from the Irish Ráth Bhoth and this likely refers to clay and wattle huts surrounded with a strong fortified mound. It is believed these huts were built by monks in the early Christian period, the stone circle is one of the largest in Ireland with a diameter of 44 metres and made up of more than sixty stones in all. The site is believed to date to around 2000 BC, and its name is believed to be linked to the Celtic festival of fertility known as Beltane. Around 550 AD Columba, one of the three saints of Ireland, founded a monastic settlement in the area. This site was developed by his kinsman Eunan, who gives his name to the towns cathedral and is patron saint of the Diocese of Raphoe. In 1198, John de Courcy, a Norman knight who had invaded Ulster in 1177, returned to County Donegal to devastate Inishowen and on his way destroyed churches at Ardstraw, County Tyrone and Raphoe. The design of the town is traced to the Ulster Plantation of the early 17th century. It was these settlers who laid out the town with the Diamond at its centre, in a manner to other Plantation towns like Derry. Although still awaiting restoration, Raphoe Castle is probably the most impressive castle in Donegal, in 1633, John Leslie was translated from the Scottish See of the Isles to become the Bishop of Raphoe. Marrying at the age of 67, absorbing the Bishopric of Clogher at the age of 90, Leslie dominated the area until his death, aged 100, in 1671. Feeling threatened in his new location, he himself a new palace on a hill overlooking the town using stone from an ancient Round Tower in 1637. This proved fortuitous when rebellion broke out in 1641 and the Bishop was forced to shelter in the castle, as it has come to be known, eight years later, Leslie, a Royalist was besieged by Cromwellian troops. This time, he was forced to surrender but unlike virtually every other bishop in Ireland, a leading figure in the Established Church, Bishop Leslie was no friend of either Catholic or Non-conformist. In 1664, he ordered four dissenting Presbyterian ministers to appear before his court, a century later, in 1798, the castle was attacked again, this time by the United Irishmen, three of whom were killed. The castle was destroyed in a fire in 1838 St. Columcille and St. Eunan, ninth abbot of Iona, had churches at Raphoe in the 5h. Several 9th century blocks of stone can be found in the porch, the south-east corner dates from the 12th century
22.
Elizabeth I of England
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Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, his second wife, who was executed two and a half years after Elizabeths birth. Annes marriage to Henry VIII was annulled, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate, edwards will was set aside and Mary became queen, deposing Lady Jane Grey. During Marys reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels, in 1558, Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel. She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers, led by William Cecil, one of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement was to evolve into the Church of England and it was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir to continue the Tudor line. She never did, despite numerous courtships, as she grew older, Elizabeth became famous for her virginity. A cult grew around her which was celebrated in the portraits, pageants, in government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and half-siblings had been. One of her mottoes was video et taceo, in religion, she was relatively tolerant and avoided systematic persecution. Elizabeth was cautious in foreign affairs, manoeuvring between the powers of France and Spain. She only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective, poorly resourced military campaigns in the Netherlands, France, by the mid-1580s, England could no longer avoid war with Spain. Englands defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 associated Elizabeth with one of the greatest military victories in English history, Elizabeths reign is known as the Elizabethan era. Some historians depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered, sometimes indecisive ruler, towards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity. Such was the case with Elizabeths rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, after the short reigns of Elizabeths half-siblings, her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity. Elizabeth was born at Greenwich Palace and was named after both her grandmothers, Elizabeth of York and Elizabeth Howard and she was the second child of Henry VIII of England born in wedlock to survive infancy. Her mother was Henrys second wife, Anne Boleyn, at birth, Elizabeth was the heir presumptive to the throne of England. She was baptised on 10 September, Archbishop Thomas Cranmer, the Marquess of Exeter, the Duchess of Norfolk, Elizabeth was two years and eight months old when her mother was beheaded on 19 May 1536, four months after Catherine of Aragons death from natural causes. Elizabeth was declared illegitimate and deprived of her place in the royal succession, eleven days after Anne Boleyns execution, Henry married Jane Seymour, who died shortly after the birth of their son, Prince Edward, in 1537
23.
River Foyle
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From here it flows to the city of Derry, where it discharges into Lough Foyle and, ultimately, the Atlantic Ocean. The length of the River Foyle is 129 km, the river separates part of County Donegal from parts of both County Londonderry and County Tyrone. The district of County Donegal that borders the bank of the River Foyle is traditionally known as the Laggan. This district includes the villages of St. Johnston and Carrigans, the river is home to a number of sporting clubs and a small mooring facility has been recently added for small yachts outside the Derry City Council offices in the heart of Derry. The main sports on the river are canoeing, sailing and rowing, people partake in water-skiing and jet-skiing in the summer. The River Foyle is also the river in Europe for its size. In Derry, the crossing point, there are three bridges. The southernmost bridge, the oldest of the three, is Europes only road traffic double-decker bridge and is known as the Craigavon Bridge. However, this proved unnecessary as the port was moved several miles north of the city. The Foyle Bridge was planned originally by the Londonderry Development Commission and was intended to alleviate the congestion on the existing Craigavon Bridge. However, political prevarication meant that it was not constructed until the 1980s, derrys third bridge, the Peace Bridge, is situated behind the Guildhall Square, north of the Craigavon Bridge. The pedestrian and cycle bridge was opened in 2011, intended as a symbol of union between the two sides of the city, the tidal Foyle is navigable from the coast to approximately 10 miles inland. The derelict Strabane Canal continued from this point a further four miles to Strabane, traffic on the Foyle further south than the northern bridge is now more or less restricted to pleasure boats with the occasional tanker coming in the refinery at the northern end of the town. However, because of a lack of funding from various sources, due to the presence of three bridges over the river in Derry, some people choose to attempt suicide by jumping into the deep and fast moving Foyle. Between 1993 and 2008 it dealt more than 1000 people in distress. Prior to the Plantation of Ulster the fishing rights on the River would have been owned by the O’Neill’s and the O’Donnell’s, the Chieftain’s of Tyrone and Donegal respectively. When the Plantation of Ulster started in 1609 a body called The Honourable The Irish Society had been set up by Royal Charter in 1613 to administer the affairs of the Plantation. The Society was then given the rights to the fishing on the river and on the River Bann, in 1944 an action for trespass was taken by the Society against a fisherman from Porthall who they deemed to be fishing illegally
24.
Derry
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Derry, officially Londonderry, is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fourth-largest city on the island of Ireland. The name Derry is an anglicisation of the Old Irish name Daire meaning oak grove, in 1613, the city was granted a Royal Charter by King James I and gained the London prefix to reflect the funding of its construction by the London guilds. While the city is usually known colloquially as Derry, Londonderry is also commonly used. The old walled city lies on the west bank of the River Foyle, the city now covers both banks. The population of the city was 83,652 at the 2001 Census, the district administered by Derry City and Strabane District Council contains both Londonderry Port and City of Derry Airport. Derry is close to the border with County Donegal, with which it has had a link for many centuries. In 2013, Derry was the inaugural UK City of Culture, according to the citys Royal Charter of 10 April 1662, the official name is Londonderry. This was reaffirmed in a High Court decision in 2007 when Derry City Council sought guidance on the procedure for effecting a name change. The council had changed its name from Londonderry City Council to Derry City Council in 1984, the decision of the court was that it had not but it was clarified that the correct procedure to do so was via a petition to the Privy Council. Derry City Council since started this process and were involved in conducting an equality impact assessment report, then the EQIA held two consultative forums, and solicited comments from the general public on whether or not the city should have its name changed to Derry. A total of 12,136 comments were received, of which 3,108 were broadly in favour of the proposal, and 9,028 opposed to it. Despite the official name, the city is usually known as Derry, which is an anglicisation of the Irish Daire or Doire. The name derives from the settlements earliest references, Daire Calgaich, the name was changed from Derry in 1613 during the Plantation of Ulster to reflect the establishment of the city by the London guilds. In McCaffertys survey of language use in the city, only very few interviewees—all Protestants—use the official form, apart from the name of Derry City Council, the city is usually known as Londonderry in official use within the UK. In the Republic of Ireland, the city and county are almost always referred to as Derry, on maps, in the media and in conversation. Whereas official road signs in the Republic use the name Derry, usage varies among local organisations, with both names being used. Most companies within the city choose local area such as Pennyburn. Londonderry railway station is referred to as Waterside railway station within the city but is called Derry/Londonderry at other stations
25.
Dublin
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Dublin is the capital and largest city of Ireland. Dublin is in the province of Leinster on Irelands east coast, the city has an urban area population of 1,345,402. The population of the Greater Dublin Area, as of 2016, was 1,904,806 people, founded as a Viking settlement, the Kingdom of Dublin became Irelands principal city following the Norman invasion. The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire before the Acts of Union in 1800, following the partition of Ireland in 1922, Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State, later renamed Ireland. Dublin is administered by a City Council, the city is listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network as a global city, with a ranking of Alpha-, which places it amongst the top thirty cities in the world. It is a historical and contemporary centre for education, the arts, administration, economy, the name Dublin comes from the Irish word Dubhlinn, early Classical Irish Dubhlind/Duibhlind, dubh /d̪uβ/, alt. /d̪uw/, alt /d̪u, / meaning black, dark, and lind /lʲiɲ pool and this tidal pool was located where the River Poddle entered the Liffey, on the site of the castle gardens at the rear of Dublin Castle. In Modern Irish the name is Duibhlinn, and Irish rhymes from Dublin County show that in Dublin Leinster Irish it was pronounced Duílinn /d̪ˠi, other localities in Ireland also bear the name Duibhlinn, variously anglicized as Devlin, Divlin and Difflin. Historically, scribes using the Gaelic script wrote bh with a dot over the b and those without knowledge of Irish omitted the dot, spelling the name as Dublin. Variations on the name are found in traditionally Irish-speaking areas of Scotland, such as An Linne Dhubh. It is now thought that the Viking settlement was preceded by a Christian ecclesiastical settlement known as Duibhlinn, beginning in the 9th and 10th century, there were two settlements where the modern city stands. Baile Átha Cliath, meaning town of the ford, is the common name for the city in modern Irish. Áth Cliath is a name referring to a fording point of the River Liffey near Father Mathew Bridge. Baile Átha Cliath was an early Christian monastery, believed to have been in the area of Aungier Street, there are other towns of the same name, such as Àth Cliath in East Ayrshire, Scotland, which is Anglicised as Hurlford. Although the area of Dublin Bay has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times and he called the settlement Eblana polis. It is now thought that the Viking settlement was preceded by a Christian ecclesiastical settlement known as Duibhlinn, beginning in the 9th and 10th century, there were two settlements where the modern city stands. The subsequent Scandinavian settlement centred on the River Poddle, a tributary of the Liffey in an area now known as Wood Quay, the Dubhlinn was a small lake used to moor ships, the Poddle connected the lake with the Liffey. This lake was covered during the early 18th century as the city grew, the Dubhlinn lay where the Castle Garden is now located, opposite the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin Castle
26.
Sligo
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Sligo is a coastal seaport and the county town of County Sligo, Ireland, within the western province of Connacht. With a population of approximately 20,000 in 2014, it is the second largest urban centre in the West of Ireland, the Sligo Borough District constitutes 61% of the countys population of 63,000. Sligo is a historic, cultural, commercial, industrial, retail, served by rail, port and road links, Sligo exerts a significant influence on its hinterland. Sligo is also a popular tourist destination, being situated in an area of outstanding beauty, with many literary. Sligo is the anglicisation of the Irish name Sligeach, meaning abounding in shells or shelly place and it refers to the abundance of shellfish found in the river and its estuary, and from the extensive shell middens in the vicinity. The river now known as the Garavogue meaning little one was originally called the Sligeach. It is listed as one of the seven rivers of Ireland in the 9th century AD tale The Destruction of Da Dergas Hostel. The river Slicech is also referenced in the Annals of Ulster in 1188, the Ordnance Survey letters of 1836 state that cart loads of shells were found underground in many places within the town where houses now stand. The whole area, from the estuary at Sligo, around the coast to the river at Ballysadare Bay, is rich in marine resources which were utilised as far back as the Mesolithic period. The importance of Sligos location in prehistory is demonstrated by the abundance of ancient sites close by, for example, Sligo towns first roundabout was constructed around a megalithic passage tomb at Abbeyquarter North in Garavogue Villas. This is an outlier of the group of monuments at Carrowmore on the Cuil Irra peninsula on the western outskirts of the town. The area around Sligo town has one of the highest densities of archaeological sites in Ireland. It is the place in which all classes of Irish megalithic monuments are to be found together. Knocknarea mountain, capped by the cairn of Miosgan Maeve. Cairns Hill on the edge of the town also has two very large stone cairns. This is the oldest causewayed enclosure so far discovered in Britain or Ireland and it consists of a large area enclosed by a segmented ditch and palisade, and was perhaps an area of commerce and ritual. These monuments are associated with the coming of agriculture and hence the first farmers in Ireland, during the early medieval period the site of Sligo was eclipsed by the importance of the great Columban monastery 5 miles to the north at Drumcliff. By the 12th century there was a bridge and small settlement in existence at the site of the present town, the annalists refer to this Sligo as a sraidbhaile which seems to have consisted of the castle and an attached defensive bawn
27.
Galway
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Galway is a city in the West of Ireland in the province of Connacht. Galway City Council is the authority for the city. Galway lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay and is surrounded by County Galway and it is the fourth most populous urban area in the Republic of Ireland and the sixth most populous city in the island of Ireland. According to the 2016 Irish Census, Galway city has a population of 79,504, however, Galway will be European Capital of Culture in 2020, alongside Rijeka, Croatia. The citys name is from the Irish name for Abhainn na Gaillimhe, historically, the name was Anglicised as Galliv, which is closer to the Irish pronunciation as is the citys name in Latin, Galvia. The city also bears the nickname The City of the Tribes because of the fourteen merchant families called the tribes of Galway led the city in its Hiberno-Norman period. The term tribes was a one, because the merchants saw themselves as Anglo-Irish and were loyal to the King during the English Civil War. They later adopted the term as a badge of honour and pride in defiance of the towns Cromwellian occupier, residents of the city refer to themselves as Galwegians. Dún Bhun na Gaillimhe was constructed in 1124, by the King of Connacht, eventually, a small settlement grew up around this fort. During the Norman invasion of Connacht in the 1230s, Galway fort was captured by Richard Mor de Burgh, as the de Burghs eventually became Gaelicised, the merchants of the town, the Tribes of Galway, pushed for greater control over the walled city. This led to their complete control over the city and to the granting of mayoral status by the English crown in December 1484. Galway endured difficult relations with its Irish neighbours, a notice over the west gate of the city, completed in 1562 by Mayor Thomas Óge Martyn, stated From the Ferocious OFlahertys may God protect us. A by-law forbade the native Irish unrestricted access into Galway, saying neither O’ nor Mac shall strutte nor swagger through the streets of Galway without permission, during the Middle Ages, Galway was ruled by an oligarchy of fourteen merchant families. These were the The Tribes of Galway, the city thrived on international trade, and in the Middle Ages, it was the principal Irish port for trade with Spain and France. The most famous reminder of days is ceann an bhalla, now known as the Spanish Arch. In 1477 Christopher Columbus visited Galway, possibly stopping off on a voyage to Iceland or the Faroe Islands, seven or eight years later, he noted in the margin of his copy of Imago Mundi, Men of Cathay have come from the west. During the 16th and 17th centuries Galway remained loyal to the English crown for the most part, even during the Gaelic resurgence, however, by 1642 the city had allied itself with the Catholic Confederation of Kilkenny during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. During the resulting Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Cromwellian forces captured the city after a nine-month siege, the great families of Galway were ruined
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Ballyshannon
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Ballyshannon is a town in County Donegal, Ireland. It is located at the end of the county where the N3 and N15 cross the River Erne. Ballyshannon, which means The Mouth of Seannachs Ford, after a warrior, Seannach. Just west of the town, the Erne widens and its waters meander over a long sandy estuary, the northern bank of the river rises steeply away from the riverbank, while the southern bank is flat with a small cliff that runs parallel to the river. From its idyllic setting, the town looks out over the estuary and has views of mountains, lakes. This site yielded numerous artefacts including silver long cross pennies and halfpennies dating from the reign of Henry III, other finds included bone beads, shroud pins, and pieces of quartz which were found placed in the hands of many of the skeletons. Nothing remains to mark either tomb, the last vestige of the mound on Mullaghnashee having been obliterated in 1798 when a fort was constructed on the hill-top. The 18th-century churchyard and the burial ground were both referred to as Sidh Aedh Ruaidh, the Fairy Mound of Red Hugh. The sheeman in Mullgoose means fairies, the Vikings, according to the Annals of Ulster, attacked nearby Inishmurray Island in 795. Later they used the River Erne to attack inland, burning Devenish Island Monastery in 822, the Annals also record that in 836, all the churches of Loch Erne, together with Cluain Eois and Daimhinis were destroyed by the gentiles. In 923 and 916 respectively, a fleet of foreigners on Loch Erne plundered the islands of the lake, as well as the surrounding territories. But the salmon-leap at Ballyshannon is a scene of such a nature, as is not to be found elsewhere. It was in Ballyshannon, around 1793, that Viscount Castlereagh, known at the time as The Hon. Robert Stewart, he was serving as a young Army officer and M. P. for Down in the Irish Parliament at the time. Lodging in the old Military Barracks in the town, Stewart retired for the night, looking into the fire he saw the form of a boy emerge from the flames, grow larger and larger and vanish. The radiant boy is a figure in English and Irish folklore. William Allingham later wrote a poem about the incident, the Enniskillen and Bundoran Railway opened in 1868 and had a station at Ballyshannon. The Great Northern Railway operated the E&BR line from 1876 and absorbed the company in 1896, the partition of Ireland in 1922 turned the boundary with County Fermanagh into an international frontier. Henceforth Ballyshannons only railway link with the rest of the Irish Free State was via Northern Ireland, the Government of Northern Ireland closed much of the GNR network on its side of the border in 1957, including the E&BR as far as the border
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Buncrana
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Buncrana is a town in County Donegal, Ireland. It is beside Lough Swilly on the Inishowen peninsula,23 kilometres northwest of Derry and 43 kilometres north of Letterkenny. In the 2011 census, the population was 6,839 making it the second most populous town in County Donegal, after Letterkenny, and the largest in Inishowen. Buncrana is the home of the ODoherty clan and originally developed around the defensive tower known as ODohertys Keep at the mouth of the River Crana. The town moved to its present location just south of the River Crana when George Vaughan built the street in 1718. The town was a centre for the textile industry in County Donegal from the 19th century until the mid-2000s. On the northern bank of the River Crana as it enters Lough Swilly sits the three-story ODohertys Keep, the first two levels of the keep were built after 1333. In 1601 the ODohertys Keep was described as being a small, two-story castle, in 1602 the third level was added and it was upgraded by Hugh Boy ODoherty as an intended base for Spanish military aid that hoped to land at Inch. The keep was burned by Crown forces in 1608 in reprisal for the rebellion of Sir Cahir ODoherty, after Sir Cahir ODoherty was killed at the Battle of Kilmacrennan, he was attaindered and his land seized. The keep was granted to Sir Arthur Chichester, who leased it to Englishman Henry Vaughan. It was erected on the site of Buncrana, which had grown up in the shadow of the keep. Vaughan moved the town to its present location, where he founded the current main street and his nephews inherited the castles, and they later became known as the Thornton-Todds. The castle remains as a home today. In the forecourt there is a rock in honour of Sir Cahir ODoherty. When John Newton and his shipmates on The Greyhound found a haven in Lough Swilly on 8 April 1748 after a devastating Atlantic storm, he saw his survival as divine intervention, the refuge of the Swilly and Buncrana area laid a spiritual foundation for a reformed later life. In 1764 he became a Church of England clergyman and subsequently, as curate at Olney in Buckinghamshire, one of the oldest remaining inhabited residences in Buncrana is a Georgian property called Westbrook House, situated at the entrance to Swan Park just north of the town center of Buncrana. The house was built in 1807 by Judge Wilson, who built the single-arch stone bridge leading to the house. In October 1905, Buncrana was the first town in County Donegal to receive electricity and it was generated at Swan Mill which continued to provide electricity for the town until September 1954 when Buncrana was brought under the ESB Rural Electrification Scheme
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Carndonagh
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Carndonagh on the Inishowen peninsula in County Donegal, Ireland. The town lies close to the shores of Trawbeaga Bay, Carndonagh is the site of the Donagh Cross, which belonged to an early Christian monastery founded by St. Patrick for Bishop MacCairthan. The original Irish name, Carn Domhnach, means the mound of the church. The town is laid out around a square, or Diamond. It is also home to national schools such as both St. Patricks GNS and BNS and Carndonagh Community School, formerly the largest community school in Ireland. It is a small but pretty town consisting of cafés, pubs, a variety of shops, Carndonagh has a community of active musicians, artists and writers and is home to the Inishowen Carnival Group and the Inishowen Gospel choir. Carndonagh railway station opened on 1 July 1907, but finally closed on 2 December 1935, the town is typical of most on the fringes of Ireland, virtually isolated in terms of a reliable transportation system, car ownership is seen as the only means of escape. The town is served by Foyle Coaches which provides four buses Monday to Friday travelling from Carndonagh to Derry City and vice versa, there is also a bus service which is run by John McGinleys bus company. This provides a bus service from Carndonagh to Dublin. Carndonagh consists of a number of small businesses, shops such as Deirdres at the Diamond, Blush Boutique and Global Fashions are alongside pubs such as the Arch Inn, the Persian and McClures in the town. There are a number of cafes - Caffe Banba, Claire the Bakers - with a couple of restaurants located around the local area - the Butterbean, Simpsons. Hairdressers and beauticians such as Vixen Hair and Beauty, Powder & Pout, Prestige Hair and Beauty, Inish Beauty and Laser Clinic and Serenity Hair Design are popular in the area. Some of the clubs and organisations active within the community in Carndonagh are. Carndonagh F. C. - the local club, participating in the Inishowen Football League. Inishowen Rugby Club - Promoted four seasons in a row and participating in an Ulster league, Inishowen Athletic Club Carndonagh Boxing Club Carndonagh Dodgeball Club D. A. M. A. F. I
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Donegal
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Donegal or Donegal Town is a town in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland. The name was written in English as Dunnagall or Dunagall. Donegal gave its name to County Donegal, although Lifford is now the county town, until the early 17th century, Donegal was the capital of Tyrconnell, a Gaelic kingdom controlled by the ODonnell dynasty of the Northern Uí Néill. Donegal sits at the mouth of the River Eske and Donegal Bay, the town is bypassed by the N15 and N56 roads. The centre of the town, known as The Diamond, is a hub for music, poetic, there is archaeological evidence for settlements around the town dating to prehistoric times, including the remains of ringforts and other defensive earthworks. The first clan to convert to Christianity as the result of St Patricks efforts was Clan Connaill, connall was a son of Niall of the Nine Hostages. Their original homeland lay further to the north in the area of Kilmacrennan, from the 15th to the 17th century, they were an important part of the opposition to the colonisation of Ireland by England. The town itself contains Donegal Castle, on the banks of the River Eske, the Annals of the Four Masters may have been partially written in the old abbey in the 1630s. The story of Hugh Roe ODonnell, Lord of Tyrconnell, was the inspiration behind many books and films, not least, in 1601 the Siege of Donegal took place during the Nine Years War. Viscount Brookeborough was granted the castle around 1611 and he proceeded to carry out reconstruction work. The current plan of the town was laid out by Brooke. From the late 17th until the early 20th centuries, Donegal Town formed part of the vast estates of the Gore family and it was during their ownership that the town took on its present appearance. Donegal Borough returned two members to the Irish House of Commons, the house of the Parliament of Ireland. Evidence of the Great Famine still exists, including a workhouse, whose buildings are now part of the local hospital, dedicated to Saint Patrick and the Four Masters, this Catholic church was built in the early 1930s and was completed in 1935. Known locally as the Chapel or the Town Chapel, it was designed by Ralph Byrne and this Church of Ireland church was built in a simple Gothic style mainly in the late 1820s and was completed in 1828. The main church appears to have designed by a Mr Graham of Donegal Town. A chancel was added in 1890, the chancel of 1890 was designed by the office of J. Guy Ferguson in Derry and built in a neo-Gothic style by James McClean builders from Strabane. There are many beaches in the area of Donegal, such as Murvagh beach
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Annagry
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Anagaire is a Gaeltacht village in the Rosses area of County Donegal, Ireland. It has a population of 253, the Irish and official name for Annagry is Anagaire, which in turn derives from Áth na gCoire meaning ford of the whirlpools. There are 2,354 people living in the Anagaire ED, Annagry is in the Gaeltacht region which means the official language of the area is Irish. However, the use of the language has been in decline since the 1950s, despite this, it boasts a successful Irish language college in the summer months which runs courses for students from English-speaking areas of the country. Its known as Coláiste na Rosann, Annagry has a long history of emigration, much like the rest of County Donegal|. In the 1950s, a number of locals left the area to work in countries. The local primary school is Scoil Náisiúnta Dhubhthaigh with 144 pupils, the local Gaelic Athletic Association team is Naomh Mhuire CLG which serves the greater Lower Rosses area. Soccer is very popular in the due to mass emigration to the United Kingdom. Annagry is situated one mile from Donegal International Airport which has flights to Dublin Airport and four flights a week to Glasgow. Caisleáin Óir hotel, and Duffys are some of the public houses in Annagry. List of populated places in Ireland Anagaire Pop stats 2006
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Ardara, County Donegal
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Ardara, pronounced Ardra, is a small town in County Donegal, Ireland. It is located on the N56 and R261 roads, the community has a population of 731, per the 2011 Census, an increase of about 30% since 2006. Some of the scenic points near the town are the Glengesh Pass, the Maghera Falls
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Ballintra
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Ballintra is a village in the parish of Drumholm in the south of County Donegal, Ireland just off the N15 between Donegal town and Ballyshannon. The village is situated in a limestone area and this natural resource is quarried locally for the building. Ballintra lies on the bank of the Blackwater river. The river rises in the hills that lie inland from the town, the Blackwater runs low in summer. The Irish meaning of Ballintra Baile an tSratha, means town beside the beach, Ballintra has two public houses, a grocery store, a takeaway, a hairdresser, two primary schools and three churches. Ballintra is also situated close to Rossnowlagh and Murvagh beaches, Murvagh is also the home to the Donegal golf club. A minor road linking the hills with the coast at Rossnowlagh crosses the old N15 in Ballintra, where these roads cross at the centre of the village stood a tree called the Bay Bush. In the 1980s, the tree was deemed unsafe and was felled, the pub at the crossroads bears its name. Ballintra is one of the greatest sporting towns in Donegal, every August bank holiday, people are attracted to the Ballintra Races, in which horse races are held on in a field close to a nearby beach. Proceeds from this go to local amenities in the area, the local Soccer club is called Copany Rovers. Thomas Morrow was born in Ballintra, canadian scholar Leonard Boyle was born in Ballintra. St Asacus is buried in Ballymagroarty, Ballintra and he was St Patricks blacksmith and was travelling from Elphin, County Roscommon en route County Down. Famous Gaelic football players include Matt Gallagher, David Walsh, Darragh Brogan, Ballintra is the backdrop to a Gaelic Storm song entitled Darcys Donkey. The song includes references to the town, the August horse races, Ballintra railway station opened on 21 September 1905, but finally closed on 1 January 1960. The station was on the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee network, the people of Ballintra and the parish of Drumholm belong mainly to three religious denominations - Methodist, Church of Ireland, and Roman Catholic. The first of these are a minority and the two make up the remainder in almost equal parts. The village itself is now majority Roman Catholic. There has always been very good relations between the everyone in the community, all make use of the Community Centre
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Ballyliffin
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Ballyliffin is a small village located in the North Western tip of Inishowen, County Donegal, Ireland. The surrounding landscapes are picturesque, with the village being surrounded by Pollan Strand, Binion hill, local history of the area is covered in Charles McGlincheys publication, ‘The Last of the Name’. It includes accounts of feuds between landlords and tenants, battles and other nuances, a small island off Pollan Bay called Glashedy is located roughly one mile off the coast. The English translation of the name is the Island of the Green Cloak derived from the layer of grass present on the top, throughout the ages various ships have become wrecked near to the island, which provide rich fishing grounds and also contributed the rat population to the island. The nearby Isle of Doagh is also worth a visit, find out more about the area, facilities and things to do at www. visitballyliffin. Ballyliffin is the birthplace of The Heretic John Toland, who coined the ideals of Pantheism, folklore tells us that John Toland exchanged his soul for a book of wisdom on Binion hill, in a Faustian pact with the devil. It is now understood that these stories are derived from Tolands stance opposing the Catholic church, former Bohemian FC footballer Fearghal Harkin is originally from Ballyliffin. Well known chef Kieran Duey creator of Irelands best chowder lives in the village, Ballyliffin railway station opened on 1 July 1901, but finally closed on 2 December 1935. It is now a private residence, Ballyliffin also has two 18 hole golf courses. Among Nick Faldos favourite links courses, they were designed by top designers, Eddie Hackett, Pat Ruddy. In 2006 the old course was upgraded by Nick Faldo, Ballyliffin Golf Club hosted the 2008 Irish Seniors Open in June 2008 List of populated places in Ireland
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Bruckless
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Bruckless is a tiny village in southwest Donegal, Ireland, with a population of around 69. It lies on the N56 national secondary road which links it to Donegal Town 20 km east, the village overlooks McSwynes Bay, an inlet in Donegal Bay. Bruckless is part of the Roman Catholic parish of Killaghtee and the diocese of Raphoe, in the Church of Ireland, it is covered by the parish of Inver and the diocese of Derry & Raphoe. The parish church, the Church of Saints Joseph and Conal, is noted for its tower and there are numerous archaeological artifacts in the area. The village pub is called Mary Murrins, and the village also has a small shop, the village is in close ties with neighbouring town Dunkineely due to the amount of Roman Catholics in the general population. List of towns and villages in Ireland Roman Catholic Diocese of Raphoe Roman Catholic Diocese of Raphoe Church of Ireland Diocese of Derry & Raphoe
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Burnfoot, County Donegal
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Burnfoot is a small village on the Inishowen peninsula in County Donegal, Ireland. It lies within the townland of Ballyderowen and it has a few local shops and a pub. It has a population of 398, there is a small industrial estate which, among other firms, houses E&I Engineering, a major local employer with over 300 employees. Burnfoot, County Donegal at GEOnet Names Server
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Burtonport
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Ailt an Chorráin or Ailt a Chorráin is a Gaeltacht fishing village about 7 km northwest of Dungloe in The Rosses area of County Donegal, Ireland. The main employers in the village are the Burtonport Fishermens Co-op, in recent years these establishments have been in decline due to the abandonment of fishing as a career and way of life by locals, due to depleted fish stocks and very restrictive fishing laws. As the mainland port for both the Arranmore car ferry service and the Arranmore fast ferry service, Burtonport receives a lot of passing tourist traffic. Burtonport railway station opened on 9 March 1903, but finally closed on 3 June 1940, joseph Sweeney, Irish politician and former MP Packie Bonner is from the area around Burtonport. Pat the Cope Gallagher Peadar ODonnell novelist, leftist, and prominent IRA activist from the 1920-1930s era was born in Burtonport, joseph Duffy martial artist and UFC fighter is from Burtonport. List of populated places in Ireland That Old Sinner – Letterkenny and Burtonport Railway by Frank Sweeney Ulster Herald
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Carrigans, County Donegal
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Carrigans is a village in The Laggan, a district in the east of County Donegal, Ireland. The village is located only a distance from the River Foyle on the R236 regional road. Carrigans was, in the past, the centre of a flax and linen producing area and had one of the largest flax mills in County Donegal. Commercial salmon fishing was also an employer in the past. Dunmore House, on the edge of the village, formerly the home of the McClintock dynasty, Sir Jim Starritt, a former Deputy Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, was born in Carrigans. Writer Dame Agatha Christie visited Carrigans on a few occasions, as a guest of the McClintocks of Dunmore, to whom she was related through marriage. The Bangalore Torpedo, a device, used in many conflicts and seen in famous films, such as Saving Private Ryan, was invented by Captain McClintock, of Dunmore. The CCCP business complex is in Carrigans, the Merc Clinic is in the CCCP Complex. Carrigans once had a station, the village being served by the Great Northern Railway. Killea Parish Church is in the village of Carrigans, List of populated places in Ireland List of towns in Northern Ireland Official site
