Catacomb culture
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The Catacomb culture was a Bronze Age archaeological culture which flourished on the Pontic steppe in 2,500–1,950 BC.
Catacomb culture artefacts at the Moscow State Historical Museum
Catacomb culture wagon models.
Horses were domesticated on the Pontic-Caspian steppe.
Yamnaya culture
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The Yamnaya, or Yamna, culture, also known as the Pit Grave culture or Ochre Grave culture, is a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the region between the Southern Bug, Dnie
Largest expansion of the Yamnaya culture. Modified from c. 3500 origins of Usatovo culture; 3300 origins of Yamna; c. 3300–3200 expansion of Yamnaya across the Pontic-Caspian steppe; c. 2700 end of Cucuteni-Trypillia culture, and transformation of Yamnaya into Corded Ware in the contact zone east of the Carpathian mountains; 3100–2600 Yamnaya expansion into the Danube Valley.
Yamnaya culture grave, Volgograd Oblast
Sredny Stog culture (c. 4500–3500 BC)