1.
Order of Australia
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Before the establishment of the order, Australian citizens received British honours. The Queen of Australia is Sovereign Head of the Order, while the Governor-General is Principal Companion/Dame/Knight, the Governor-Generals Official Secretary is Secretary of the Order. The order is divided into a general and a military division, honorary awards at all levels may be made to deserving non-citizens – these awards are made additional to the quotas. The badge of the Order of Australia is a convex disc representing the Golden Wattle flower, at the centre is a ring, representing the sea, with the word Australia below two branches of golden wattle. The whole disc is topped by the Crown of St Edward, the AC badge is decorated with citrines, blue enamelled ring and enamelled crown. The AO badge is similar, without the citrines, for the AM badge only the crown is enamelled, and the OAM badge is plain. The AK/AD badge is similar to that of the AC badge, the star for knights and dames is a convex golden disc decorated with citrines, with a blue royally crowned inner disc bearing an image of the coat of arms of Australia. The ribbon of the order is blue with a stripe of golden wattle flower designs. AKs, male ACs and AOs wear their badges on a necklet, women usually wear their badges on a bow on the left shoulder, although they may wear the same insignia as males, if so desired. The orders insignia were designed by Stuart Devlin, the Order currently consists of four levels and the medal, in both general and military divisions. Since 2015, the level has been discontinued. Awards of Knight and Dame of the Order have been made in the division only. Military Division – Not awarded in the military division. There was a quota of four per year, excluding honorary appointments, the Knight- and Damehoods were conferred between 1976 and 1983, and again from 2014 till 2015. Although this level is not awarded anymore, several knight and dames of the Order are still alive, Companion General Division – Eminent achievement and merit of the highest degree in service to Australia or to humanity at large. Military Division – Eminent service in duties of great responsibility. Excluding honorary appointments, until 2003, no more than 25 Companions were appointed in any calendar year, in 2003 this was increased to 30. This was increased in 2016 to 35, Officer General Division – Distinguished service of a high degree to Australia or to humanity at large. Military Division – Distinguished service in responsible positions. Prior to 2003, the quota was 100 Officers appointed in any calendar year, in 2003 this was increased to 125. This was increased in 2016 to 140, Member General Division – Service in a particular locality or field of activity or to a particular group. Military Division – Exceptional service or performance of duty
2.
San Diego Comic-Con
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San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
3.
Ivanhoe, Victoria
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Ivanhoe is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,10 km north-east of Melbournes Central Business District. Its local government area is the City of Banyule, at the 2011 Census, Ivanhoe had a population of 11,085. Ivanhoe Post Office opened on 1 September 1874, Ivanhoe North Post Office, on Waterdale Road near Banksia Street opened on 17 May 1926. An Ivanhoe West Post Office was open from 1955 until 1988, the Yarra River forms the southern boundary of the suburb, with a golf course and a narrow riparian strip reserve. Upper Heidelberg Road is the centre, where the former Heidelberg Town Hall. The town hall is a classic art-deco building on top of a hill, upper Heidelberg Road features a Veterinary clinic, newsagent, book store, numerous restaurants and cafés, various banks, real estate agents and two supermarkets. In 2011 the average individual in Ivanhoe earned $728 per week, Ivanhoe is renowned for its older style homes, with many dating back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The suburb has two stations, Ivanhoe, which is located in the Zone 1 and 2 overlap of the public transport system and Darebin. The area hosts two of Melbournes few private schools in the suburbs, Ivanhoe Grammar School and Ivanhoe Girls Grammar School. It is also home to one of Victorias oldest state schools, Ivanhoe Primary School, one of Ivanhoes most renowned features is the annual Christmas lights display on The Boulevard. Every year many residents in the street cover their homes and front gardens with lights and other colourful Christmas decorations, the display was started by Bill King and George Whitelaw in the 1950s. After dark in the week before Christmas, traffic is grid-locked in this street as it attracts over 100,000 people over the nine-day period of its display. It is commonly recognised as one of the most impressive Christmas displays throughout Melbourne,2015 Ivanhoe Amateur Football Club since 1910 Old Ivanhoe Grammarians Football Club est. 1912 Golfers play at the Ivanhoe Golf Course on Vasey Street, cate Blanchett - Grew up in Ivanhoe. Sam Bramham - Paralympic gold medalist lives in Ivanhoe, carol Jerrems - photographer, born and grew up in Ivanhoe. Wilbur Wilde The Nervo Twins City of Heidelberg - A former Local Government Area of which Ivanhoe was a part, Boulevard of Christmas Dreams <http, //www. apapublishing. com. au/articles/56. asp> APA Publishing,13 December 1999 retrieved 28 November 2005
4.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
5.
Crowborough
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Crowborough is a town in the Wealden district of East Sussex, England. It is situated in the Weald, at the edge of Ashdown Forest and it is 7 miles south-west of Royal Tunbridge Wells and 35 miles south of London. It has road and rail links and is served by a town council and it is the most populous inland town in East Sussex, with over 20,000 people. Various derivations for the name have been put forward. Early local documents give the names Crohbergh, Crowbergh, Croweborowghe, Crowbarrow, croh in Old English meant saffron or golden-yellow colour, and berg meant hill. Gorse grows in profusion in the Crowborough Beacon area, and its yellow flowers might well have contributed to the meaning, the church, dedicated to All Saints, and primary school still survive today. The railway arrived in 1868, leading to significant growth of the town, by 1880, the town had grown so much that the ecclesiastical parish of All Saints was separated from that of St Denys, Rotherfield. In the late 19th century Crowborough was promoted as a health resort based on its high elevation, estate Agents even called it Scotland in Sussex. The towns golf course opened in 1895, followed by a fire station, Crowborough became an ecclesiastical parish in 1880, previously it had been part of Rotherfield. A civil parish was established on 6 April 1905, the council was renamed as a Town Council on 24 May 1988. Until 2012, Crowborough shared the headquarters of Wealden District Council with Hailsham,14 miles to the south, the Council moved all of their operations to Hailsham in 2012 although East Sussex County Council still operates a library service from the Pine Grove building. In July 2014, the Crowborough Community Association put in a bid to buy Pine Grove to retain the library, Crowborough is located in the northern part of East Sussex, around 6 kilometres from the county border with Kent. The town is 57 kilometres south of central London, the nearest major towns are Tunbridge Wells,12 kilometres to the north-east, Brighton,34 kilometres to the south-west, and Crawley,26 kilometres to the west. The county town of Lewes is 24 kilometres to the south-west, the highest point in the town is 242 metres above sea level. This summit is the highest point of the High Weald and second highest point in East Sussex and its relative height is 159 m, meaning Crowborough qualifies as one of Englands Marilyns. The summit is not marked on the ground, the town has grown from a series of previously separate villages and hamlets including Jarvis Brook, Poundfield, Whitehill, Stone Cross and Alderbrook, Sweet Haws and Steel Cross. The main road through Crowborough is the A26, which runs through the centre of the town, from Crowborough, the A26 runs north-east to Mereworth via Tunbridge Wells and Tonbridge. To the south, it runs to Newhaven, via Uckfield, two B roads run through the town
6.
East Sussex
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East Sussex /ˈsʌsᵻks/ is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent to the north and east, Surrey to the north west and West Sussex to the west, archaeological remains are plentiful, especially in the upland areas. The areas position on the coast has also meant that there were invaders, including the Romans. Earlier industries have included fishing, iron-making, and the trade, all of which have declined. Sussex is traditionally sub-divided into six rapes, from the 12th century the three eastern rapes together and the three western rapes together had separate quarter sessions, with the county town of the three eastern rapes being Lewes. This situation was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made into administrative counties, each with distinct elected county councils in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888, in East Sussex there were also three self-administered county boroughs, Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings. In 1974 East Sussex was made a non-metropolitan and ceremonial county, at the same time the western boundary was altered, so that the Mid Sussex region was transferred to the county of West Sussex. In 1997, Brighton and Hove became a unitary authority, it was granted city status in 2000. East Sussex is divided into five local government districts, three are larger, rural, districts are, Lewes, Wealden, and Rother. Eastbourne and Hastings are mainly urban areas, the rural districts are further subdivided into civil parishes. To the north lie parallel valleys and ridges, the highest of which is the Weald itself, the sandstones and clays meet the sea at Hastings, the Downs, at Beachy Head. East Sussex, like most counties by the south coast, has an average total of around 1,750 hours of sunshine per year. This is much higher than the UKs average of about 1,340 hours of sunshine a year, the relief of the county reflects the geology. The chalk uplands of the South Downs occupies the coastal strip between Brighton and Eastbourne, there are two river gaps, the Rivers Ouse and Cuckmere. The Seven Sisters, where the Downs meet the sea, are the remnants of dry valleys cut into the chalk, to the east of Beachy Head lie the marshlands of the Pevensey Levels, formerly flooded by the sea but now enclosed within a deposited beach. At Bexhill the land begins to rise again where the sands and clays of the Weald meet the sea, further east are the Pett Levels, more marshland, beyond which is the estuary of the River Rother. On the far side of the estuary are the dunes of Camber Sands, the highest point of the Downs within the county is Ditchling Beacon, at 814 feet, it is termed a Marilyn. The Weald occupies the northern borderlands of the county, between the Downs and Weald is a narrow stretch of lower lying land, many of the rivers and streams occupying this area originate in the Weald
7.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
8.
National Institute of Dramatic Art
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The National Institute of Dramatic Art is an Australian national education and training institute for students in the performing arts. Since 1958, NIDA has educated students in performance and production for theatre, film and it offers programs ranging from degrees to public short courses, including holiday programs and corporate training. In 2013, NIDA was ranked as the 8th best drama school in the world by The Hollywood Reporter. NIDAs main campus is based in the Sydney suburb of Kensington, located adjacent to the University of New South Wales, NIDA is affiliated with the University of New South Wales. Founded in 1958, NIDA commenced acting classes in 1959, more than 50 years later, NIDA has grown to approximately 232 full-time students annually, approximately 70 full-time staff members. The student body for these courses totalled 199 in 2014, NIDA is located on Anzac Parade in the Sydney suburb of Kensington, across the road from the University of New South Wales. The campus was first opened in 1987, followed by additional buildings opened in 2001, the largest of these is the Parade Theatre offering seating for audiences of up to 707 people in its three-tiered, horseshoe-shaped auditorium. The Playhouse, Studio Theatre, the Space and the Atrium offer a variety of performance spaces. The Rodney Seaborn Library is a specialist library for NIDA students, graduates, the NIDA Archives collects, organises and preserves archival records created by or relating to NIDA. Williams had defended herself stating her management style was not Thatcherite, long also mentioned that amongst Williams supporters were Cate Blanchett and Ralph Myers. Supporting Puplick were actor, director and a graduate of the school Jeremy Sims, who had launched the essay, and Kevin Jackson, who had taught acting at the school for 27 years
9.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
10.
Theatre director
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The directors function is to ensure the quality and completeness of theatre production and to lead the members of the creative team into realizing their artistic vision for it. If the production he or she is mounting is a new piece of writing or a translation of a play, in contemporary theatre, after the playwright, the director is generally the primary visionary, making decisions on the artistic concept and interpretation of the play and its staging. Different directors occupy different places of authority and responsibility, depending on the structure, Directors use a wide variety of techniques, philosophies, and levels of collaboration. In ancient Greece, the birthplace of European drama, the writer bore principal responsibility for the staging of his plays, the author-director would also train the chorus, sometimes compose the music, and supervise every aspect of production. The fact that the director was called didaskalos, the Greek word for teacher, a miniature by Jean Fouquet from 1460 bears one of the earliest depictions of a director at work. Holding a prompt book, the central figure directs, with the aid of a long stick, from Renaissance times up until the 19th century, the role of director was often carried by the actor-manager. This would usually be an actor in a troupe who took the responsibility for choosing the repertoire of work, staging it. This was the case for instance with Commedia dellArte companies and English actor-managers like Colley Cibber, the modern theatre director can be said to have originated in the staging of elaborate spectacles of the Meininger Company under George II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. The management of large numbers of extras and complex stagecraft matters necessitated an individual to take on the role of overall coordinator. This gave rise to the role of the director in modern theatre, simultaneously, Constantin Stanislavski, principally an actor-manager, would set up the Moscow Art Theatre in Russia and similarly emancipate the role of the director as artistic visionary. The French regisseur is also used to mean a stage director. A more common term for theatre director in French is metteur en scène, post World War II, the actor-manager slowly started to disappear, and directing become a fully fledged artistic activity within the theatre profession. The director originating artistic vision and concept, and realizing the staging of a production, a cautionary note was introduced by the famed director Sir Tyrone Guthrie who said the only way to learn how to direct a play, is. To get a group of actors simple enough to allow you to let you direct them, most European countries nowadays know some form of professional directing training, usually at drama schools or conservatoires, or at universities. In the early days such programmes typically led to the staging of one major production in the third year. At the University of California, Irvine, Keith Fowler led for many years a programme based on the premise that directors are autodidacts who need as many opportunities to direct as possible. Under Fowler, graduate student directors would stage between five and ten productions during their residencies, with each production receiving detailed critiques. Directing is an artform that has grown with the development of theatre theory, with the emergence of new trends in theatre, so too have directors adopted new methodologies and engaged in new practices
11.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
12.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
13.
British Academy Film Awards
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The British Academy Film Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts to honour the best British and international contributions to film. Between 2008 and 2016, the ceremony was held in central London at the Royal Opera House, the 70th British Academy Film Awards were held on 12 February 2017 at the Royal Albert Hall in London. British Academy of Film and Television Arts was founded in 1947 as The British Film Academy, by David Lean, Alexander Korda, Carol Reed, Charles Laughton, Roger Manvell and others. BAFTA stated charitable purpose is to support, develop and promote the art forms of the image, by identifying and rewarding excellence, inspiring practitioners. In addition to awards ceremonies BAFTA runs a year-round programme of educational events including film screenings. BAFTA is supported by a membership of about 6,000 people from the film, television, the Academys awards are in the form of a theatrical mask designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe, which was commissioned by the Guild of Television Producers in 1955. The ceremony previously took place in April or May and since 2002 it takes place in February in order to precede the Oscars. The awards are open to all nationalities, though there is an award for Outstanding British Film. Only UK films are eligible for the categories of The British Short Film, the Awards ceremony is delayed broadcast on British television the same evening, and across the world for example its shown on BBC America in the United States. It has been broadcast in colour since 1970, the award ceremony is held in London. From 2000 to 2007 the ceremonies took place at the flagship Odeon cinema in Leicester Square, between 2008 and 2016, the ceremonies took place at the Royal Opera House. The 70th Awards in 2017 were held at the Royal Albert Hall, until 2012, the mobile network Orange sponsored the awards and starting in 2013 Oranges parent company, EE, began sponsorship. British Academy of Film and Television Arts British Academy Television Awards Official website BAFTA Awards database Museum of Broadcast Communications, BAFTA IMDB, BAFTA
14.
AACTA Awards
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The Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards, known as the AACTA Awards, are presented annually by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts. The awards recognise excellence of professionals in the film and television industry and it is the most prestigious awards ceremony for the Australian film and television industry. They are generally considered to be the Australian counterpart of the Academy Awards, the awards, previously called Australian Film Institute Awards or AFI Awards, began in 1958 and involved 30 nominations across six categories. They expanded in 1986 to cover television as well as film, the AACTA Awards were instituted in 2011. As of 2011, the Australian awards take place at the Sydney Opera House in Sydney and they were instituted in 1958, as a way to improve the impoverished state of Australian cinema, and was part of the Melbourne International Film Festival until 1972. Between 1958–1980, submitted films were presented with a gold, silver or bronze prize, and in some circumstances, a Grand Prix award, which was the highest honour a film could receive. Additionally, films were presented with a gold or silver medallion for technical achievements. Up until 1970, prizes were handed out in recognition of the film and production, rather than achievements of individual filmmakers and crafts people. In 1977 feature film categories became competitive, while non-feature films continued to be awarded the gold, silver and bronze prizes until 1981, in 1976 the awards were broadcast live on television for the first time on the Nine Network at the Hilton Hotel in Melbourne. In 1986 television categories were introduced, presenting awards for mini-series and telefeatures before expanding to dramas, in June 2011, the AFI announced an industry consultation for an Australian Academy. The aim of the Academy is to create awareness for Australian film in local and international markets, the name of the new Academy was revealed on 18 August 2011 as the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts, with the awards renamed to the AACTA Awards. The date change was made to align the awards with the awards season. At the time of the inception, a jury of five judges, composed of film critics and filmmakers. In 1976, the system was replaced by a peer voting process for feature films which would allow public members the right to vote in the Best Film category. The nominees and winners were later peer-voted by a jury which was made up of representatives from all industry crafts, including members of guilds, who have a professional membership with the AFI. When the AFI announced the launch of the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts, the fifteen Chapters consist of professionals from industry guilds and organisations including actors, producers, directors and screenwriters. All television and non-feature film awards, and feature film pre-selection are determined by juries, members of the Australian Film Institute are eligible to vote in the Best Short Fiction Film, Best Short Animation and Audience Choice award categories only. The votes are audited by accounting firm Ernst and Young from 2011, throughout the history of the awards there have been several differently designed awards given to winners
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Screen Actors Guild Award
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The statuette given, a nude male figure holding both a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy, is called The Actor. It is 16 inches tall, weighs over 12 pounds, is cast in solid bronze, SAG Awards have been one of the major awards events in Hollywood since 1995. It is considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards, the awards have been telecast since 1998 on TNT, and since 2007 have been simulcast on TBS. The inaugural SAG Awards aired live on February 25,1995 from Universal Studios Stage 12, the second SAG awards aired live from the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, while subsequent awards have been held at the Shrine Exposition Center
16.
Elizabeth I of England
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Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, his second wife, who was executed two and a half years after Elizabeths birth. Annes marriage to Henry VIII was annulled, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate, edwards will was set aside and Mary became queen, deposing Lady Jane Grey. During Marys reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels, in 1558, Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel. She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers, led by William Cecil, one of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement was to evolve into the Church of England and it was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir to continue the Tudor line. She never did, despite numerous courtships, as she grew older, Elizabeth became famous for her virginity. A cult grew around her which was celebrated in the portraits, pageants, in government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and half-siblings had been. One of her mottoes was video et taceo, in religion, she was relatively tolerant and avoided systematic persecution. Elizabeth was cautious in foreign affairs, manoeuvring between the powers of France and Spain. She only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective, poorly resourced military campaigns in the Netherlands, France, by the mid-1580s, England could no longer avoid war with Spain. Englands defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 associated Elizabeth with one of the greatest military victories in English history, Elizabeths reign is known as the Elizabethan era. Some historians depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered, sometimes indecisive ruler, towards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity. Such was the case with Elizabeths rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, after the short reigns of Elizabeths half-siblings, her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity. Elizabeth was born at Greenwich Palace and was named after both her grandmothers, Elizabeth of York and Elizabeth Howard and she was the second child of Henry VIII of England born in wedlock to survive infancy. Her mother was Henrys second wife, Anne Boleyn, at birth, Elizabeth was the heir presumptive to the throne of England. She was baptised on 10 September, Archbishop Thomas Cranmer, the Marquess of Exeter, the Duchess of Norfolk, Elizabeth was two years and eight months old when her mother was beheaded on 19 May 1536, four months after Catherine of Aragons death from natural causes. Elizabeth was declared illegitimate and deprived of her place in the royal succession, eleven days after Anne Boleyns execution, Henry married Jane Seymour, who died shortly after the birth of their son, Prince Edward, in 1537
17.
Elizabeth (film)
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The film is loosely based on the early years of Elizabeths reign. Blanchett and Rush reprised their roles in the sequel, Elizabeth, The Golden Age, the film brought Australian actress Blanchett to international attention. She won several awards for her portrayal of Elizabeth, notably a BAFTA, the film was named the 1998 BAFTA Award for Best British Film and was nominated for seven awards at the 71st Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actress, winning Best Makeup. The film sees a young Elizabeth elevated to the throne on the death of her half-sister Mary I, Elizabeths reign over the divided and bankrupt realm is perceived as weak and under threat of invasion by France or Spain. For the future stability and security of the crown she is urged by advisor William Cecil to marry, she has suitors in the Catholic Philip II of Spain, however, she instead embarks on an affair with the wholly unsuitable Robert Dudley. Elizabeth must counter threats from within, such as the powerful Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk and she also faces plots from Rome directed by Pope Pius V. Assisted by her spymaster Francis Walsingham, she puts down the threats both internal and external, ruthlessly executing the plotters, Elizabeth eventually ends her and Roberts affair and resolves to marry nobody except England. The film ends with Elizabeth assuming the persona of the Virgin Queen, in 1558, Catholic Queen Mary dies of a uterine tumour. Marys Protestant half-sister, Elizabeth, under house arrest for conspiracy charges, is freed and crowned the Queen of England, Cecil advises Elizabeth to marry, produce an heir, and secure her rule. Mary of Guise lands an additional 4,000 French troops in neighbouring Scotland, Walsingham tells Elizabeth that Catholic lords and priests intentionally deprived Elizabeths army of proper soldiers and used their defeat to argue for Elizabeths removal. Realizing the depth of the conspiracy against her and her options, Elizabeth accepts Mary of Guises conditions. In response to the Acts passage, the Vatican sends a priest to England to aid Norfolk, unaware of the plot, Elizabeth meets Henry of France but ignores his advances in favour of Lord Robert. William Cecil confronts Elizabeth over her indecisiveness about marrying and reveals Lord Robert is married to another woman, Elizabeth survives an assassination attempt, whose evidence implicates Mary of Guise. Elizabeth sends Walsingham to secretly meet with Mary in Scotland, under the guise of once again planning to marry Henry, instead, Walsingham assassinates Guise, inciting French enmity against Elizabeth. When William Cecil orders her to solidify relations with the Spanish, Elizabeth dismisses him from her service, Walsingham warns of another plot to kill Elizabeth, spearheaded by the priest from Rome carrying letters of conspiracy. Walsingham arrests Norfolk, and executes him and every conspirator except Lord Robert, drawing inspiration from the divine, Elizabeth cuts her hair and models her appearance after the Virgin Mary. Proclaiming herself married to England, she ascends the throne as the Virgin Queen, kapurs original choice for the role was Emily Watson, however she turned it down. Cate Blanchett was chosen to play Elizabeth after Kapur saw a trailer of Oscar, according to the directors commentary, Kapur mentioned that the role of the Pope was originally offered to, and accepted by, Marlon Brando
18.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
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Katharine Hepburn
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Katharine Houghton Hepburn was an American actress. Known for her independence and spirited personality, Hepburn was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years. She appeared in a range of genres, from comedy to literary drama. In 1999, Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute as the greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema, raised in Connecticut by wealthy, progressive parents, Hepburn began to act while studying at Bryn Mawr College. After four years in the theatre, favorable reviews of her work on Broadway brought her to the attention of Hollywood. Hepburn masterminded her own comeback, buying out her contract with RKO Radio Pictures and acquiring the rights to The Philadelphia Story. In the 1940s, she was contracted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, where her career focused on an alliance with Spencer Tracy, the screen-partnership spanned 25 years and produced nine movies. Hepburn challenged herself in the half of her life, as she regularly appeared in Shakespearean stage productions. She found a niche playing middle-aged spinsters, such as in The African Queen, three more Oscars came for her work in Guess Whos Coming to Dinner, The Lion in Winter, and On Golden Pond. In the 1970s, she began appearing in films, which became the focus of her career in later life. She remained active into old age, making her screen appearance in 1994 at the age of 87. After a period of inactivity and ill health, Hepburn died in 2003 at the age of 96, Hepburn famously shunned the Hollywood publicity machine and refused to conform to societys expectations of women. She was outspoken, assertive, athletic, and wore trousers before it was fashionable for women to do so and she married once, as a young woman, but thereafter lived independently. A 26-year affair with her co-star Spencer Tracy was hidden from the public, Hepburn was born on May 12,1907 in Hartford, Connecticut, the second of six children. Her parents were Thomas Norval Hepburn, a urologist at Hartford Hospital, and Katharine Martha Houghton, as a child, Hepburn joined her mother on several Votes For Women demonstrations. The Hepburn children were raised to exercise freedom of speech and encouraged to think and her parents were criticized by the community for their progressive views, which stimulated Hepburn to fight against barriers she encountered. Hepburn said she realized from an age that she was the product of two very remarkable parents, and credited her enormously lucky upbringing with providing the foundation for her success. She remained close to her throughout her life
20.
The Aviator (2004 film)
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The Aviator is a 2004 American biographical epic drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, written by John Logan. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio as Howard Hughes, Cate Blanchett as Katharine Hepburn, the supporting cast features Ian Holm, John C. Reilly, Alec Baldwin, Jude Law as Errol Flynn, Gwen Stefani as Jean Harlow, Kelli Garner as Faith Domergue, Willem Dafoe, Alan Alda, and Edward Herrmann. Based on the 1993 non-fiction book Howard Hughes, The Secret Life by Charles Higham, the film depicts the life of Howard Hughes, the Aviator was released in the United States on December 25,2004. The film grossed $214 million at the box office, the movie is considered among Scorseses finest films and DiCaprios portrayal of Howard Hughes is regarded as one of the greatest performances of his career. In 1913 Houston, nine-year-old Howard Hughes mother gives him a bath and warns him about the recent cholera outbreak in Houston, fourteen years later, he begins to direct the film Hells Angels, and hires Noah Dietrich to manage the day-to-day operations of his business empire. After the release of The Jazz Singer, the first partially talking film, Hughes becomes obsessed with shooting his film realistically, despite the film being a hit, Hughes remains unsatisfied with the end result and orders the film to be recut after its Hollywood premiere. He becomes romantically involved with actress Katharine Hepburn, who helps to ease the symptoms of his worsening obsessive-compulsive disorder, in 1935, Hughes test flies the H-1 Racer, pushing it to a new speed record. Three years later, he breaks the record by flying around the world in four days. He subsequently purchases majority interest in Transcontinental & Western Air, Hepburn grows tired of Hughes eccentricity, and leaves him for fellow actor Spencer Tracy. Hughes quickly finds a new love interest with 15-year-old Faith Domergue, however, he still has feelings for Hepburn, and blackmails a reporter to keep reports about her and the married Tracy out of the press. Hughes secures a contract with the Army Air Forces for two projects, a spy aircraft and a transport unit. In 1946, with the Spruce Goose flying boat still in construction, Hughes finishes the XF-11 reconnaissance aircraft, however, one of the engines fails midflight, and the aircraft crashes in Beverly Hills, with Hughes getting severely injured. With the end of World War II, the army cancels its order for the H-4 Hercules, when he is discharged, he is informed that he must choose between funding the airlines or his flying boat. Hughes orders Dietrich to mortgage the TWA assets so he can continue the development, as his OCD worsens, Hughes becomes increasingly paranoid, planting microphones and tapping Gardners phone lines to keep track of her. The FBI searches his home for incriminating evidence of war profiteering, searching his possessions and, to his horror, Brewster privately offers to drop the charges if Hughes sells TWA to Trippe, but Hughes refuses. Hughes OCD symptoms become extreme, and he retreats into an isolated germ-free zone for three months, Trippe has Brewster summon him for a Senate investigation, certain that Hughes will not show up. Gardner visits him and personally grooms and dresses him in preparation for the hearing, an invigorated Hughes defends himself against Brewsters charges and accuses the senator of taking bribes from Trippe
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Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
22.
Blue Jasmine
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Blue Jasmine is a 2013 American black comedy drama written and directed by Woody Allen. The film tells the story of a rich Manhattan socialite who falls into hard times and has to move into her sisters apartment in San Francisco. The film had a release on July 26,2013, in New York and Los Angeles. Blue Jasmine received praise from critics, particularly for Blanchetts performance, Blanchett won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and Hawkins and Allen were nominated for Best Supporting Actress and Original Screenplay, respectively. Blanchett also won the Golden Globe Award, the SAG Award, the film was a box office success, earning $97.5 million worldwide against a budget of $18 million. Jasmine Francis disembarks in San Francisco after a flight from New York City and she takes a taxi to her sister Gingers apartment, where Ginger is dismayed to learn that Jasmine traveled first class despite claiming to be broke. Jasmine has recently suffered a breakdown and, having incurred heavy debts, has been forced to seek refuge with her sister. Jasmine is haunted by memories of her past life as a Manhattan socialite, in a series of flashbacks, it is revealed that some years previously, Ginger and her working-class husband Augie visited New York, their first time there in many years. Jasmine provides a car and driver for them to tour the city, Ginger announces they have won $200,000 in the lottery, which Augie intends to use to start a construction business. However Jasmine offers Hals help in investing the money instead, which Augie reluctantly accepts, while touring New York, Ginger sees Hal kiss another woman. The woman later appears at Jasmines birthday party, Ginger debates whether to say anything to Jasmine but decides to stay quiet, aware that Jasmine might react badly to the suggestion that Hal is having an affair. In the meantime, Hal was exposed to the authorities as a major fraudster running a scheme with his clients money. He eventually commits suicide in prison after being publicly disgraced, Jasmines step-son Danny drops out of Harvard and cuts himself off completely from Jasmine, believing her to be complicit in Hals crimes. Ginger and Augie lost everything in the scheme and their marriage fell apart, after Hals death, Jasmine began drinking heavily and taking anti-anxiety medication. Moreover, she has a habit of babbling to herself and to others, Ginger is now dating a mechanic called Chili, whom Jasmine detests for his low breeding and coarse manners. She considers becoming a designer because of her great taste. She wants to take courses, but, having no computer skills. With no income, she takes a job as a receptionist with a dentist
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Notes on a Scandal (film)
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Notes on a Scandal is a 2006 British psychological thriller-drama film, adapted from the 2003 novel of the same name by Zoë Heller. The screenplay was written by Patrick Marber and the film was directed by Richard Eyre and starred Judi Dench, the soundtrack was composed by Philip Glass. It was nominated for four Academy Awards – Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, Best Adapted Screenplay, Barbara Covett is a history teacher at a comprehensive school in London. A spinster nearing retirement, her comfort is her diary, when a new art teacher, Sheba Hart, joins the staff, Barbara is immediately attracted to her. Sheba is married to the much older Richard, and is just entering the force after devoting herself to a special needs son. When Barbara discovers that Sheba is having a relationship with a 15-year-old student, Steven Connolly. Sheba eventually tells Steven that the affair is over, however, when she refuses to give in to Barbaras demands on her time, Barbara reveals the secret to a male teacher who tells her that he is attracted to Sheba and asks her to act as an intermediary. After the affair public, Barbara and Sheba both lose their jobs. Sheba is thrown out of her home by her husband and moves into Barbaras house, Sheba is unaware that Barbara is the reason she was found out, believing the affair became known because Steven confessed it to his mother. When Sheba finds Barbaras diary and learns it was Barbara who leaked the story of the affair, she confronts Barbara, a row ensues, and Sheba runs outside with Barbaras journal to a crowd of reporters and photographers. When she becomes hemmed in by them, Barbara rescues her, shebas emotions spent, she quietly tells Barbara that she had initiated the friendship with Barbara because she liked her and they could have been friends. She leaves Barbara, placing the journal on the table, Richard and Sheba face one another silently for several moments, and then Richard allows her to enter. Sheba is subsequently sentenced to 10 months in prison, in the final scene, Barbara meets another younger woman who is reading a newspaper about the Sheba Hart affair. Barbara says she used to know Sheba, but implies they hardly knew each other, Barbara introduces herself, invites her to a concert, and the pair continue to talk. The film was shot on location in the Parliament Hill, Gospel Oak. The film opened to positive reviews, with Blanchett and Dench receiving critical acclaim for their performances. The Times praised the film, saying, Notes on a Scandal, is screenwriting at its vicious best, Richard Eyre directs the film like a chamber play. He leans on Philip Glasss ever-present and insistent music like a crutch, but his natural gift for framing scenes is terrifically assured
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Elizabeth: The Golden Age
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Elizabeth, The Golden Age is a 2007 sequel to the 1998 film Elizabeth, directed by Shekhar Kapur and produced by Universal Pictures and Working Title Films. It stars Cate Blanchett in the role and is a fairly fictionalised portrayal of events during the latter part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England. The film co-stars Geoffrey Rush, Clive Owen, Rhys Ifans, Jordi Mollà, Abbie Cornish, the screenplay was written by William Nicholson and Michael Hirst, and the music score was composed by A. R. Rahman and Craig Armstrong. Guy Hendrix Dyas was the production designer and co-visual effects supervisor. The film was shot at Shepperton Studios and various locations around the United Kingdom, the film premiered on 9 September 2007 at the Toronto International Film Festival. It opened in wide release in the United States on 12 October 2007, premiered in London on 23 October 2007, at the 80th Academy Awards, the film won Best Costume Design and Blanchett received a nomination for Best Actress. In 1585, Catholic Spain ruled by King Philip II of Spain is the most powerful country in the world, seeing Protestant England as a threat, and in retaliation for English piracy of Spanish ships, Philip plots war. He plans to take over England and make his daughter, Isabella, therefore, the Queen is presented with portraits of appropriate suitors, particularly the very youthful Charles II, Archduke of Austria, but she refuses to marry any of them. Elizabeth is attracted to Raleigh, enthralled by his tales of exploration, Bess also finds Raleigh attractive and secretly begins an affair with him. With tensions strained between England and Spain, Elizabeth seeks guidance from her astrologer, Dr. John Dee, however, he cannot predict which will triumph over the other, leaving Elizabeth to ponder her and Englands fate. Jesuits in London conspire with Philip to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, in what Philip calls The English Enterprise, from her imprisonment, Mary sends secret correspondence to the Jesuits, who recruit Anthony Babington to assassinate Elizabeth. Walsingham continues to warn Elizabeth of Spains rising power and of the Catholics plots against her, however she, unlike her predecessor and half-sister Mary I of England, refuses to force her people to share her religious beliefs. Even so, those conspiring against Elizabeth are being hunted and murdered, including Besss cousin, Sir Francis Throckmorton and his father, whom Bess had failed to protect. Walsinghams brother, a Papist, who knows of the plot against Elizabeth is jailed and Walsingham reveals Spains plot to Elizabeth, the Spanish ambassador feigns ignorance, accuses Elizabeth of receiving Spanish gold from pirates, and insinuates that she has a sexual relationship with Raleigh. Enraged, Elizabeth throws the Spaniards out of court, meanwhile, Philip is cutting down the forests of Spain to build the Spanish Armada, to invade England. Mary writes letters condoning the plot, Babington storms into a cathedral where Elizabeth is praying and fires a pistol at her, though Elizabeth is unharmed as it is revealed that there was no bullet in the gun. The conspirators of The English Enterprise are imprisoned and interrogated by Walsingham, as Elizabeth learns of Marys involvement in the plot, Walsingham insists Mary be executed to quell any possible revolt. Elizabeth is reluctant, but nevertheless agrees, Mary is tried for high treason and is beheaded, after ascending the block in a blood-red dress
25.
I'm Not There
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Im Not There is a 2007 biographical musical drama film directed by Todd Haynes and co-written with Oren Moverman, inspired by the life and music of American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. Six actors depict different facets of Dylans public personas, Christian Bale, Cate Blanchett, Marcus Carl Franklin, Richard Gere, Heath Ledger, the film tells its story using non-traditional narrative techniques, intercutting the storylines of seven different Dylan-inspired characters. The title of the film is taken from the 1967 Dylan Basement Tape recording of Im Not There, a song that had not been officially released until it appeared on the films soundtrack album. The film received a favorable response, and appeared on several top ten films lists for 2007, topping the lists for The Village Voice, Entertainment Weekly, Salon. Im Not There uses a narrative, shifting between six characters in separate storylines inspired by the music and many lives of Bob Dylan. Each character represents a different facet of Dylans public persona, poet, prophet, outlaw, fake, rock and roll martyr,19 year-old Arthur Rimbaud is questioned by interrogators. His cryptic responses are interspersed throughout the film, including remarks on fatalism, the nature of poets, seven simple rules for life in hiding, in 1959, an 11-year-old African American boy calling himself Woody Guthrie is freighthopping through the Midwestern United States. Carrying a guitar in a case bearing the slogan this machine kills fascists, he plays blues music, one African American woman advises him to sing about the issues of his own time instead. Woody is attacked by hobos and nearly drowns, but is rescued by a couple who take him in. They are impressed with his talents, but Woody runs off when they receive a telephone call from a juvenile corrections center in Minnesota telling them he is an escaped fugitive. Upon learning that the real Woody Guthrie is deathly ill, Woody travels to New Jersey to visit Guthrie in the hospital, the career of folk musician Jack Rollins is framed as a documentary film, told by interviewees including folk singer Alice Fabian. Jack becomes a star of the Greenwich Village folk scene in the early 1960s, following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Jack gets drunk at a ceremony where he is receiving an award from a civil rights organization. Remarking in his speech that he saw something of himself in Kennedys assassin Lee Harvey Oswald. Robbie Clark is a 22-year-old actor who plays Jack Rollins in the 1965 biographical film Grain of Sand, during filming in Greenwich Village in January 1964, he falls in love with French artist Claire, and they soon marry. Grain of Sand is a hit and Robbie becomes a star and she is particularly offended when, during an argument in 1968 over whether the evils of the world can be changed, he opines that women can never be poets. Eventually Robbie moves out of their house, then goes to London for four months to film a thriller and has an affair with his female co-star, Richard Nixons January 1973 announcement of the Paris Peace Accords inspires Claire to ask for a divorce. She gains custody of their two daughters, but allows Robbie to take them on a boating trip. Jude Quinn is a former folk singer whose performance with a full band and electric guitars at a New England jazz and folk festival outrages his fans
26.
Carol (film)
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Carol is a 2015 British-American romantic drama film directed by Todd Haynes. The screenplay, written by Phyllis Nagy, is based on the 1952 romance novel The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith, the film stars Cate Blanchett, Rooney Mara, Sarah Paulson, Jake Lacy and Kyle Chandler. Set in New York City during the early 1950s, Carol tells the story of an affair between an aspiring female photographer and an older woman going through a difficult divorce. Carol had been in development since 1997, when Nagy wrote the first draft of the screenplay, british company Film4 Productions and its then-chief executive Tessa Ross financed development. The film had a development period, facing problems with financing, rights, scheduling conflicts. Number 9 Films came on board as a producer in 2011, the film is co-produced by New York-based Killer Films, which joined the project when co-founder and Hayness collaborator Christine Vachon approached Haynes to direct in 2013. Principal photography began in March 2014, in Cincinnati, Ohio, cinematographer Edward Lachman shot Carol on Super 16 mm film. Carol competed for the Palme dOr at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival, the film opened in limited release in the United States on November 20,2015, and wide release on January 15,2016. It was released in the United Kingdom on November 27,2015, during the Christmas season of 1952, aspiring photographer Therese Belivet is working in Frankenbergs department store in Manhattan. She meets a woman, Carol Aird, who is searching for a doll for her daughter Rindy. At Thereses recommendation, Carol purchases a model train set, when Carol departs she leaves her gloves on the counter. Therese mails them to her using Frankenbergs sales slip with Carols name, Thereses boyfriend, Richard, wants her to go to France with him, hoping they will marry, but she is ambivalent about their relationship. A mutual friend, Dannie, invites Therese to his workplace, The New York Times, meanwhile, Carol is going through a difficult divorce from her neglectful husband, Harge. Carol calls Frankenbergs to thank the clerk who returned the gloves and invites Therese to lunch, Therese visits Dannie and he kisses her, but she becomes uncomfortable and leaves. Carol invites Therese to her home in New Jersey and she stops to purchase a Christmas tree and Therese takes candid photos of her. Harge arrives unexpectedly to take Rindy to Florida for Christmas, he becomes suspicious of Therese as Carol had an affair years before with her friend Abby, after Rindy leaves, a distressed Carol takes Therese to the train station so she can return home. Carol calls to apologize and they meet at Thereses apartment, where Carol surprises her with a Canon camera, Carol has learned that Harge is petitioning the judge to consider a morality clause against her, threatening to expose her homosexuality and give him full custody of Rindy. She decides to take a trip to escape the stress of the divorce proceedings
27.
The Talented Mr. Ripley (film)
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The Talented Mr. Ripley is a 1999 American psychological thriller film written for the screen and directed by Anthony Minghella. The novel was filmed as Plein Soleil in 1960. Tom Ripley is a man struggling to make a living in 1950s New York City. While working at a party, he is approached by the wealthy shipbuilder Herbert Greenleaf, Greenleaf recruits Ripley to travel to Italy to persuade Dickie to return home to the United States, for which he will pay Ripley $1,000. Ripley accepts the proposal, although he did not go to Princeton and has never even met Dickie, on one of their jaunts, Dickie and Ripley meet Dickies friend Freddie Miles, who treats Ripley with barely concealed contempt. A local girl, whom Dickie had impregnated, drowns herself when he refuses to help her financially, Ripley secretly witnesses their final encounter. Dickie begins to tire of Ripley, resenting his constant presence, Ripleys own feelings are complicated by his desire to maintain the opulent lifestyle Dickie has afforded him, and by his growing sexual obsession with his new friend. As a gesture, Dickie invites Ripley to sail with him for a last trip to San Remo. Whilst out to sea together, Dickie lashes out when Ripley confronts him about his behavior, to conceal the murder, Ripley scuttles the boat with Dickies body before swimming ashore. When the hotel concierge mistakes him for Dickie, Ripley realizes he can assume Dickies identity and he forges Dickies signature, modifies his passport and begins living off the allowance provided by Herbert Greenleaf. He uses Dickies typewriter to communicate with Marge, making her believe that Dickie has deserted her and he checks into two separate hotels as himself and as Dickie, passing messages between them via the hotel staff to provide the illusion that Dickie is still alive. Ripley rents an apartment in Rome and spends a lonely Christmas buying expensive presents for himself. On his way out, Freddie meets the landlady, who refers to Ripley as Signor Greenleaf, Freddie goes back to confront him, but Ripley ambushes and murders him, then disposes of the body. As a result, Ripleys existence becomes a game with the Italian police. His predicament is complicated by the presence of Meredith Logue, an heiress he met upon his arrival in Italy, Ripley clears himself by forging a suicide note addressed to Ripley in Dickies name and moves to Venice. Marge suspects Ripleys involvement in Dickies death and confronts him after finding Dickies rings in Ripleys apartment, Ripley is about to murder her but is interrupted by a mutual friend, Peter Smith-Kingsley, who enters the apartment. Though gaining the trust of Dickies father, Ripley is disquieted when Greenleaf hires American private detective Alvin MacCarron to carry out a thorough check, Marge is dismayed at the resolution, again accusing Ripley before being taken away by Greenleaf and MacCarron. Ripley goes on a cruise with Peter, only to discover that Meredith is also on board, Ripley secretly placates her with a kiss, but Peter notices
28.
Peter Jackson
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Sir Peter Robert Jackson ONZ KNZM is a New Zealand film director, screenwriter and film producer. He is best known as the director, writer, and producer of The Lord of the Rings trilogy and The Hobbit trilogy and he also produced District 9, The Adventures of Tintin, The Secret of the Unicorn, and the documentary West of Memphis. Jackson began his career with the horror comedy Bad Taste. He shared a nomination for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay with his partner Fran Walsh for Heavenly Creatures, Jackson has been awarded three Academy Awards in his career, including the award for Best Director in 2003. He has also received a Golden Globe, four Saturn Awards and his production company is Wingnut Films, and his most regular collaborators are co-writers and producers Walsh and Philippa Boyens. Jackson was made a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in 2002 and he was later knighted by Anand Satyanand, the Governor-General of New Zealand, at a ceremony in Wellington in April 2010. In December 2014, Jackson was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Jackson was born on 31 October 1961 in Wellington and was raised at the nearby coastal town of Pukerua Bay. His parents—Joan, a worker and housewife, and William Bill Jackson. Bill Jackson was a veteran of the Siege of Malta in World War II, as a child, Jackson was a keen film fan, growing up on Ray Harryhausen films, as well as finding inspiration in the television series Thunderbirds and Monty Pythons Flying Circus. After a family gave the Jacksons a Super 8 cine-camera with Peter in mind. Jackson has long cited King Kong as his film. Most notable though was a 20-minute short called The Valley, which won him a prize because of the shots he used. In school, Jackson expressed no interest in sports and his classmates also remember him wearing a duffle coat with an obsession verging on religious. He had no training in film-making, but learned about editing, special effects and make-up largely through his own trial. As a young adult, Jackson discovered the work of author J. R. R. Tolkien after watching The Lord of the Rings, when he was 16 years old, Jackson left school and began working full-time as a photo-engraver for a Wellington newspaper, The Evening Post. For the seven years he worked there, Jackson lived at home with his parents so he could save as much money as possible to spend on film equipment. After two years of work Jackson bought a 16 mm camera, and began shooting a film later became Bad Taste. Jackson has long cited several films as influences and it is well known that Jackson has a passion for King Kong, often citing it as his favourite film and as the film that inspired him early in his life
29.
The Lord of the Rings (film series)
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The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, the films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King. They were distributed by New Line Cinema, each film in the series also had special extended editions released on DVD a year after their respective theatrical releases. While the films follow the general storyline, they do omit some of the novels plot elements and include some additions to. The Fellowship eventually splits up and Frodo continues the quest together with his loyal companion Sam and the treacherous Gollum. Meanwhile, Aragorn, heir in exile to the throne of Gondor, Legolas, Gimli, Merry, and Pippin, the series was a major financial success, with the films collectively being among the highest-grossing film series of all time. The films were acclaimed and heavily awarded, winning 17 out of 30 total Academy Award nominations. The series received praise for its innovative special and visual effects. Director Peter Jackson first came into contact with The Lord of the Rings when he saw Ralph Bakshis 1978 animated film The Lord of the Rings, Jackson enjoyed the film and wanted to know more. Afterwards, he read an edition of the book during a twelve-hour train journey from Wellington to Auckland when he was seventeen. In 1995, Jackson was finishing The Frighteners and considered The Lord of the Rings as a new project, with the new developments in computer-generated imagery following Jurassic Park, Jackson set about planning a fantasy film that would be relatively serious and feel real. Negotiations then stalled when Universal Studios offered Jackson a remake of King Kong, Weinstein was furious, and further problems arose when it turned out Zaentz did not have distribution rights to The Hobbit, United Artists, which was in the market, did. By April 1996, the question was still not resolved. It was also revealed that Jackson originally wanted to finish King Kong before The Lord of the Rings began, but due to location problems, he decided to start with The Lord of the Rings franchise instead. When Universal cancelled King Kong in 1997, Jackson and Walsh immediately received support from Weinstein, Jackson and Walsh asked Costa Botes to write a synopsis of the book and they began to re-read the book. Two to three months later, they had written their treatment, Bilbo attends the Council of Elrond, Sam looks into Galadriels mirror, Saruman is redeemed before he dies and the Nazgûl just make it into Mount Doom before they fall. They presented their treatment to Harvey and Bob Weinstein, the latter of whom they focused on impressing with their screenwriting as he had not read the book and they agreed upon two films and a total budget of $75 million. During mid-1997, Jackson and Walsh began writing with Stephen Sinclair, sinclairs partner, Philippa Boyens, was a major fan of the book and joined the writing team after reading their treatment
30.
The Hobbit (film series)
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The Hobbit is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the 1937 novel The Hobbit by J. R. R, together they act as a prequel to Jacksons The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. The films are subtitled An Unexpected Journey, The Desolation of Smaug, the screenplay was written by Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Jackson, and Guillermo del Toro, who was originally chosen to direct before his departure from the project. The films also feature Manu Bennett, Sylvester McCoy, Stephen Fry, Mikael Persbrandt, Barry Humphries, the first film in the series premiered at the Embassy Theatre in Wellington, New Zealand on 28 November 2012. One hundred thousand people lined the red carpet on Courtenay Place, the second film of the series premiered at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles, California on 2 December 2013. The third and final film premiered at Leicester Square in London on 1 December 2014, the series was a major financial success, with the films classified as one of the highest-grossing film series of all time, going on to outgross The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. Although critically considered to be inferior to The Lord of the Rings, it was nominated for awards and won several. Jackson and Walsh originally expressed interest in filming The Hobbit in 1995, frustration arose when Jacksons producer, Harvey Weinstein, discovered that Saul Zaentz had production rights to The Hobbit, but that distribution rights still belonged to United Artists. The United Artists studio and its parent corporation Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was for sale in 2005, Weinstein asked Jackson to press on with adapting The Lord of the Rings. Ultimately, The Lord of the Rings was produced by New Line Cinema, not the Weinsteins, in September 2006, the new ownership and management of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer expressed interest in teaming up with New Line and Jackson to make The Hobbit. In March 2005, Jackson launched a lawsuit against New Line, claiming he had lost revenue from merchandising, video and he did not seek a specific settlement, but requested an audit to see whether New Line had withheld money owed him. Although Jackson wanted it settled before he would make the film, he felt the lawsuit was minor, New Line co-founder Robert Shaye was annoyed with the lawsuit and said in January 2007 that Jackson would never again direct a film for New Line, accusing him of being greedy. MGM boss Harry Sloan halted development, as he wanted Jackson to be involved, by August, after a string of flops, Shaye tried to repair his relationship with the director. He said, I really respect and admire Peter and would love for him to be involved in some way in The Hobbit. The following month, New Line was fined $125,000 for failing to provide requested accounting documents, on 16 December 2007, New Line and MGM announced that Jackson would be executive producer of The Hobbit and its sequel. The two studios would co-finance the film and the studio would distribute the film outside North America—New Lines first ever such deal with another major studio. Each films budget was estimated at US$150 million, which compares to the US$94 million budget for each of the films in Jacksons Lord of the Rings trilogy. After completion of the merger of New Line Cinema with Warner Bros. in February 2008, producer Mark Ordesky, the executive producer of The Lord of the Rings, planned to return to supervise the prequels
31.
Babel (film)
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Babel is a 2006 drama film directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu and written by Guillermo Arriaga, starring an ensemble cast. The multi-narrative drama completes Iñárritus Death Trilogy, following Amores perros and 21 Grams and it is an international co-production among companies based in the United States and Mexico. The film portrays multiple stories taking place in Morocco, Japan, Mexico, Babel was selected to compete for the Palme dOr at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival, where González Iñárritu won the Best Director Award. It was later screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, the film opened in selected cities in the United States on 27 October 2006, and went into wide release on 10 November 2006. Babel focuses on four interrelated sets of situations and characters, the following plot summary has been simplified and thus does not reflect the exact sequence of the events on screen. In a desert in Morocco, Abdullah, a goatherder, buys a.270 Winchester M70 rifle, Abdullah gives the rifle to his two young sons, Yussef and Ahmed, and sends them out to tend the herd. Ahmed, the older of the two, criticises Yussef for spying on his sister while she changes her clothes. Doubtful of the rifles purported three-kilometer range, they decide to test it out, aiming first at rocks, a car on a highway below. Yussefs bullet hits the bus, critically wounding Susan Jones, an American woman from San Diego who is traveling with her husband Richard on vacation, the two boys realize what has happened and flee the scene, hiding the rifle in the hills. Glimpses of television news programs reveal that the US government considers the shooting a terrorist act and is pressuring the Moroccan government to apprehend the culprits. The two boys see the police on the road and confess to their father what they have done, the three flee from their house, retrieving the rifle as they go. The police corner them on the slope of a hill. After Ahmed is hit in the leg, Yussef returns fire, the police continue shooting, hitting Ahmed in the back, possibly fatally injuring him. As his father rages with grief, Yussef surrenders and confesses to the crimes, begging clemency for his family, the police take him into custody. This first plotline is interspersed with scenes of Richard and Susan, the death of their infant third child, to SIDS, has strained their marriage significantly and they struggle to communicate their frustration, guilt, and blame. When Susan is shot on the bus, Richard orders the bus driver to the nearest village. There, a local veterinarian sews up Susans wound to stem the loss of blood, Richard contacts the US embassy to request an ambulance. The other tourists wait for some time, but they demand to leave, fearing the heat
32.
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)
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The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American romantic fantasy drama film directed by David Fincher. The storyline by Eric Roth and Robin Swicord is loosely based on the 1922 short story of the name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The film stars Brad Pitt as a man who ages in reverse, the film was released in North America on December 25,2008 to positive reviews. In August 2005, elderly Daisy Fuller is on her deathbed in a New Orleans hospital as Hurricane Katrina approaches, she asks her daughter, Caroline, to read aloud from the diary of Benjamin Button. From the reading, it is revealed that on the evening of November 11,1918, the babys mother died after giving birth, and the father, Thomas Button, abandons the infant on the porch of a nursing home. Queenie and Mr. Tizzy Weathers, workers at the home, find the baby. Benjamin learns to walk in 1925, he declares it a miracle, on Thanksgiving 1930, Benjamin meets seven-year-old Daisy, whose grandmother lives in the nursing home. He and Daisy become good friends, later, he accepts work on a tugboat captained by Mike Clark. Benjamin also meets Thomas Button, who does not reveal that he is Benjamins father, in Autumn 1936, Benjamin leaves New Orleans for a long-term work engagement with the tugboat crew, Daisy later is accepted into a dance company in New York City under choreographer George Balanchine. In 1941, Benjamin is in Murmansk, where he begins having an affair with Elizabeth Abbott and that December, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, thrusting the United States into World War II. Mike volunteers the boat for the U. S. Navy, during a patrol, the tugboat finds a sunken U. S. transport and the bodies of many American troops. A German submarine surfaces, Mike steers the tugboat full speed towards it while a German gunner fires on the tugboat, killing most of the crew, the tugboat rams the submarine, causing it to explode, sinking both vessels. Benjamin and another crewman are rescued by U. S. Navy ships the next day, in May 1945, Benjamin returns to New Orleans and reunites with Queenie. A few weeks later, he reunites with Daisy, they go out for dinner, upon failing to seduce him afterward, she departs. Benjamin later reunites with Thomas Button, who, terminally ill, reveals he is Benjamins father and wills Benjamin his button company, in 1947, Benjamin visits Daisy in New York unannounced but departs upon seeing that she has fallen in love with someone else. In 1954, Daisys dancing career ends when her leg is crushed in an accident in Paris. When Benjamin visits her, Daisy is amazed by his youthful appearance, in spring 1962, Daisy returns to New Orleans and reunites with Benjamin. Now of comparable physical age, they fall in love and go sailing together and they return to learn that Queenie has died, then move in together
33.
Cinderella (2015 Disney film)
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Cinderella is a 2015 American romantic fantasy film directed by Kenneth Branagh, with a screenplay written by Chris Weitz. The film is based on the folk tale and inspired in part by Walt Disneys 1950 animated film. The film stars Lily James as the character with Richard Madden, Cate Blanchett, Stellan Skarsgård, Holliday Grainger, Derek Jacobi. It is produced by David Barron, Simon Kinberg and Allison Shearmur for Walt Disney Pictures, Cinderella had its world premiere on February 13,2015, at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival and was released in theaters on March 13,2015. It grossed over $543 million worldwide, becoming Branaghs highest-grossing film to date, the film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design at the 88th Academy Awards. Ella is born to loving parents on an estate in a peaceful kingdom. Since childhood, she is taught by her mother to believe in magic, encouraging her to befriend animals, One day, Ellas mother falls terminally ill. On her deathbed, she advises Ella to always face lifes difficulties with courage, some years later, Ellas father remarries again with Lady Tremaine, a widow, who has two daughters of her own, Drisella and Anastasia. When Ellas father goes abroad for business, Lady Tremaine slowly reveals her cruel, Ellas life takes a turn for the worst when her father dies, causing Lady Tremaine to dismiss the household to save money and forcing all the chores on Ella. They abuse her further, not letting her eat properly, crushed by their cruelty, Ella rides off into the woods, where she meets Kit, who is part of a hunting party. Not knowing Kit is actually the prince to the kingdom, Ella admonishes him for hunting a stag. Kit is enchanted by Ellas kindness and outlook on life, the King, upon learning he has little time left, insists Kit take a bride, who should be a princess for the advantage of the kingdom. Kit persuades his father to invite every eligible maiden in the land to the ball in hopes of seeing Ella. When the ball is announced, the Tremaines are ecstatic at the prospect of marrying into royalty, Ella is also excited to attend the ball for the chance to see Kit, and fixes up her mothers old pink dress. On the night of the ball, Ella tries to join her stepfamily, an old beggar woman reveals herself to be Ellas fairy godmother. To help Ella attend the ball, the fairy godmother magically conjures a carriage and she casts a spell to prevent Ellas stepfamily from recognizing her, but warns that the magic will break at midnight. At the ball, Ella wins the coveted first dance with Kit, Kit shows Ella his secret garden. When midnight approaches, Ella flees and accidentally drops one of her glass slippers, at home, Ella hides the one glass slipper she has as a keepsake, content that her one night will become a beautiful memory
34.
Thor: Ragnarok
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Thor, Ragnarok is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Thor, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is intended to be the sequel to 2011s Thor and 2013s Thor, The Dark World, in Thor, Ragnarok, Thor must defeat the Hulk in a gladiatorial duel in time to save Asgard from Hela and the coming Ragnarök. A third Thor film was confirmed in January 2014, with the title and involvement of Hemsworth and Hiddleston announced that October. Waititi joined the film as director the next October, after Alan Taylor chose not to return from the second film, with the Hulks inclusion, elements from the 2006 comic storyline Planet Hulk were adapted for Ragnarok. The rest of the cast was confirmed the next May, with Pearson revealed to be involved with the film at the start of filming in July 2016. Principal photography took place from July to October,2016, in Queensland and Sydney, Australia, Thor, Ragnarok is scheduled to be released on November 3,2017, in IMAX. Chris Hemsworth as Thor, The crown prince of Asgard, based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name, Hemsworth stated that following the events of Avengers, Age of Ultron, Ragnarok finds Thor exploring and policing the universe while enjoying being a drifter. Director Taika Waititi said that he wanted to use more of Hemsworths comedic talents showcased in films like Vacation and Ghostbusters, saying, He’s so good, He’s legitimately one of the funniest things in this film. Tom Hiddleston as Loki, Thors adoptive brother and nemesis based on the deity of the same name, on playing the character for a fourth time, Hiddleston said he was interested in how Lokis attitude has changed, adding Im four years older. And there will just be new things find in it, the most exciting thing about is that he is always a trickster. It is trying to find new ways for him to be mischievous, regarding the inclusion of the Hulk in the film, Hiddleston said that Loki has a few chips on his shoulder due to the previous interaction between the two characters in The Avengers. Cate Blanchett as Hela, The ruler of Hel and Niflheim, based on the deity Hel, who has been inadvertently released from her prison. About the character, Blanchett said, Shes been locked away for millennia getting more and more cross, Blanchett also stated that Helas headdress can be used as a weapon and that she can manifest weapons from different parts of her body. She also took care to discuss with Marvel and Waititi to help define when Hela would be masked, Blanchett worked with stuntwoman Zoë Bell and studied capoeira in preparation for the role. Idris Elba as Heimdall, The all-seeing, all-hearing Asgardian sentry of the Bifröst Bridge, Jeff Goldblum as Grandmaster, A cosmic being fascinated with gaming and chance, who enjoys manipulating lesser life-forms, and is the ruler of the planet Sakaar. Goldblum described the character as a hedonist, a pleasure-seeker, an enjoyer of life and tastes and he also said that Waititi encouraged improvisation in order for Goldblum to make own. Tessa Thompson as Valkyrie, A tough, hard-drinking Asgardian warrior, based on the mythological being Brynhildr, who has formed a business relationship with Grandmaster while hiding out on Sakaar. Feige also stated that Valkyrie has spurned her Asgardian heritage elaborating, Waititi stated that Thompsons casting was not just about creating diversity explaining, Im not obsessed with the idea that you have to cast someone just to tick a box
35.
Helpmann Awards
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It is named in honour of Sir Robert Helpmann, an Australian actor, dancer, choreographer and theatre director. Established in 2001, the award is handed out for achievements in the disciplines of theatre, contemporary music, comedy, opera, classical music, theatre, dance. As of 2013, a total of forty-one competitive awards are given to individuals for their work in performance, direction, choreography, lighting, sound, music, costume and scenic design and production. Non-competitive awards are presented, including, the JC Williamson Award, Brian Stacey Award. The Helpmann Awards were established in 2001 by the Australian Entertainment Industry Association and they are named in honour of Australian actor, choreographer, dancer and theatre director, Sir Robert Helpmann. They are given to productions regardless of the Australian state they were staged in. The accolade was created to be the Australian equivalent of the Tony Awards for Broadway theatre in the United States, over the years the categories have expanded and currently include forty-one honours. Live Performance Australia appoints members for the Helpmann Awards Administration Committee, ten nominating panels determine the nominees for their respective fields. These are, cabaret, childrens presentation, comedy, contemporary music, dance and physical theatre, industry awards, musicals, opera and classical music, the nominating panels comprises artists, creatives, arts administrators, writers, journalists, producers, promoters, venue managers and educators. The HAAC selects the chair of each panel, who in turn chooses the members of their respective fields, the nominations are then determined by each of them, who choose four per category. The winners are determined by the voters who are, employees of LPA members, panelists and previous winners, the votes are audited by accounting firm BDO. The award categories are currently, The Helpmann Awards ceremony is held between May and September, to celebrate productions staged in Australia during the eligibility period. They are always presented in Sydney, New South Wales, though in 2002 an attempt was made to host it in Melbourne, Victoria, Australian actor Simon Burke has presided over the event seven times, the most of any other person from 2001-2006, and again in 2012. Star City has provided venues for seven ceremonies, at the Lyric Theatre and Star City Show Room, but the awards have also held at the Sydney Opera House. Through its association with television provider Foxtel, the awards have been broadcast on various networks. ^ Each year is linked to the full list of winners, official website Helpmann Awards trophy picture
36.
Electra
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In Greek mythology, Elektra was the daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus princess of Argos. She and her brother Orestes plotted revenge against their mother Clytemnestra and stepfather Aegisthus for the murder of their father, Electra is one of the most popular mythological characters in tragedies. She is the character in two Greek tragedies, Electra by Sophocles and Electra by Euripides. She is also the figure in plays by Aeschylus, Alfieri, Voltaire, Hofmannsthal. In psychology, the Electra complex is named after her, electras parents were King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra. Her sisters were Iphigeneia and Chrysothemis, and her brother was Orestes, in the Iliad, Homer is understood to be referring to Electra in mentioning Laodice as a daughter of Agamemnon. Electra was absent from Mycenae when her father, King Agamemnon, returned from the Trojan War to be murdered, either by Clytemnestras lover Aegisthus, by Clytemnestra herself, or by both. Clytemnestra had held a grudge against her husband Agamemnon for agreeing to sacrifice their eldest daughter, Iphigenia, when he came back, he brought with him his war prize, Cassandra, who had already borne his twin sons. Aegisthus and/or Clytemnestra killed Agamemnon upon his arrival, and they killed Cassandra as well, eight years later, Electra was brought from Athens with her brother, Orestes. According to Pindar, Orestes was saved by his old nurse or by Electra, and was taken to Phanote on Mount Parnassus, when Orestes was 20, the Oracle of Delphi ordered him to return home and avenge his fathers death. Orestes and his friend Pylades, son of King Strophius of Phocis and Anaxibia, killed Clytemnestra, before her death, Clytemnestra cursed Orestes. The Erinyes or Furies, whose duty it is to punish any violation of the ties of family piety and they pursue Orestes, urging him to end his life. Electra was not hounded by the Erinyes, in Iphigeneia in Tauris, Euripides tells the tale somewhat differently. In his version, Orestes was led by the Furies to Tauris on the Black Sea, the two met when Orestes and Pylades were brought to Iphigeneia to be prepared for sacrifice to Artemis. Iphigeneia, Orestes, and Pylades escaped from Tauris, the Furies, appeased by the reunion of the family, abated their persecution. This poem forms part of the cycle referred to as the New Oresteia. Electra is the narrator of her story in the book Electra by Henry Treece. In the Marvel Comics universe, the character Elektra Natchios is partly based on Electra, media related to Electra at Wikimedia Commons Electra public domain audiobook at LibriVox
37.
Ophelia
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Ophelia is a character in William Shakespeares play Hamlet. She is a noblewoman of Denmark, the daughter of Polonius, sister of Laertes. She is one of the two characters in the play. In Ophelias first speaking appearance in the play, she is seen with her brother, Laertes, Laertes warns her that Hamlet, the heir to the throne of Denmark, does not have the freedom to marry whomever he wants. Ophelias father, Polonius, who enters while Laertes is leaving, also forbids Ophelia from pursuing Hamlet, based on what Ophelia told him, Polonius concludes that he was wrong to forbid Ophelia from seeing Hamlet, and that Hamlet must be mad with love for her. Polonius immediately decides to go to Claudius, the new King of Denmark and also Hamlets uncle and stepfather, Polonius later suggests to Claudius that they hide behind an arras to overhear Hamlet speaking to Ophelia, when Hamlet thinks the conversation is private. Since Polonius is now sure that Hamlet is lovesick for Ophelia, Claudius agrees to try the eavesdropping plan later. The plan leads to what is called the Nunnery Scene. Polonius instructs Ophelia to stand in the lobby of the castle while he, Hamlet enters the room in a different world from the others, and recites his To be, or not to be soliloquy. Hamlet approaches Ophelia and talks to her, saying Get thee to a nunnery, Hamlet asks Ophelia where her father is and she lies to him, saying her father must be at home. Hamlet realizes he is being spied and he exits after declaring, I say we will have no more marriages. Ophelia is left bewildered and heartbroken, sure that Hamlet is insane and she knows that ultimately it is she that broke him because she lied. She was the woman he had loved and a friend whom he trusted, after Hamlet storms out, Ophelia makes her O, what a noble mind is here oerthrown soliloquy. The next time Ophelia appears is at the Mousetrap Play, which Hamlet has arranged in order to try to prove that Claudius killed King Hamlet, Hamlet sits with Ophelia and makes sexually suggestive remarks, he also says that womans love is brief. Later that night, after the play, Hamlet kills Polonius during a meeting between Hamlet and his mother, Queen Gertrude. At Ophelias next appearance, after her fathers death, she has gone mad and she talks in riddles and rhymes, and sings some mad and bawdy songs about death and a maiden losing her virginity. She exits after bidding everyone a good night, the last time Ophelia appears in the play is after Laertes comes to the castle to challenge Claudius over the death of his father, Polonius. Ophelia sings more songs and hands out flowers, citing their symbolic meanings, although interpretations of the meanings differ
38.
Hamlet
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The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet, is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between 1599 and 1602. Set in the Kingdom of Denmark, the play dramatises the revenge Prince Hamlet is called to wreak upon his uncle, Claudius, by the ghost of Hamlets father, Claudius had murdered his own brother and seized the throne, also marrying his deceased brothers widow. It has inspired many other writers—from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Charles Dickens to James Joyce and he almost certainly wrote his version of the title role for his fellow actor, Richard Burbage, the leading tragedian of Shakespeares time. In the 400 years since its inception, the role has been performed by highly acclaimed actors in each successive century. Three different early versions of the play are extant, the First Quarto, the Second Quarto, each version includes lines and entire scenes missing from the others. The plays structure and depth of characterisation have inspired much critical scrutiny, the protagonist of Hamlet is Prince Hamlet of Denmark, son of the recently deceased King Hamlet, and nephew of King Claudius, his fathers brother and successor. Claudius hastily married King Hamlets widow, Gertrude, Hamlets mother, Denmark has a long-standing feud with neighboring Norway, which culminated when King Hamlet slew King Fortinbras of Norway in a battle years ago. Although Denmark defeated Norway, and the Norwegian throne fell to King Fortinbrass infirm brother, Denmark fears that an invasion led by the dead Norwegian kings son, Prince Fortinbras, is imminent. On a cold night on the ramparts of Elsinore, the Danish royal castle and they vow to tell Prince Hamlet what they have witnessed. As the court gathers the next day, while King Claudius and Queen Gertrude discuss affairs of state with their elderly adviser Polonius, after the court exits, Hamlet despairs of his fathers death and his mothers hasty remarriage. Learning of the ghost from Horatio, Hamlet resolves to see it himself, as Poloniuss son Laertes prepares to depart for a visit to France, Polonius gives him contradictory advice that culminates in the ironic maxim to thine own self be true. Poloniuss daughter, Ophelia, admits her interest in Hamlet, and that night on the rampart, the ghost appears to Hamlet, telling the prince that he was murdered by Claudius and demanding that Hamlet avenge him. Hamlet agrees and the ghost vanishes, the prince confides to Horatio and the sentries that from now on he plans to put an antic disposition on and forces them to swear to keep his plans for revenge secret. Privately, however, he remains uncertain of the ghosts reliability, soon thereafter, Ophelia rushes to her father, telling him that Hamlet arrived at her door the prior night half-undressed and behaving crazily. Polonius blames love for Hamlets madness and resolves to inform Claudius, as he enters to do so, the king and queen finish welcoming Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, two student acquaintances of Hamlet, to Elsinore. The royal couple has requested that the students investigate the cause of Hamlets mood, additional news requires that Polonius wait to be heard, messengers from Norway inform Claudius that the King of Norway has rebuked Prince Fortinbras for attempting to re-fight his fathers battles. The forces that Fortinbras conscripted to march against Denmark will instead be sent against Poland, Polonius tells Claudius and Gertrude his theory regarding Hamlets behavior, and speaks to Hamlet in a hall of the castle to try to uncover more information. Hamlet feigns madness but subtly insults Polonius all the while, when Rosencrantz and Guildenstern arrive, Hamlet greets his friends warmly, but quickly discerns that they are spies
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West End theatre
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West End theatre is a common term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of Theatreland in and near the West End of London. Along with New York Citys Broadway theatre, West End theatre is considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. Seeing a West End show is a common tourist activity in London, in 2013, ticket sales reached a record 14.4 million, making West End the largest English speaking audience in the world. Famous screen actors frequently appear on the London stage, helen Mirren received an award for her performance as the Queen on the West End stage, and then stated, theatre is such an important part of British history and British culture. Theatre in London flourished after the English Reformation, the first permanent public playhouse, known simply as The Theatre, was constructed in 1576 in Shoreditch by James Burbage. It was soon joined by The Curtain, both are known to have been used by William Shakespeares company. In 1599, the timber from The Theatre was moved to Southwark and these theatres were closed in 1642 due to the Puritans who would later influence the interregnum of 1649. After the Restoration, two companies were licensed to perform, the Dukes Company and the Kings Company, performances were held in converted buildings, such as Lisles Tennis Court. The first West End theatre, known as Theatre Royal in Bridges Street, was designed by Thomas Killigrew and built on the site of the present Theatre Royal and it opened on 7 May 1663 and was destroyed by a fire nine years later. It was replaced by a new designed by Christopher Wren and renamed the Theatre Royal. Outside the West End, Sadlers Wells Theatre opened in Islington on 3 June 1683. Taking its name from founder Richard Sadler and monastic springs that were discovered on the property, it operated as a Musick House, with performances of opera, as it was not licensed for plays. In the West End, the Theatre Royal Haymarket opened on 29 December 1720 on a site north of its current location. The Patent theatre companies retained their duopoly on drama well into the 19th century, by the early 19th century, however, music hall entertainments became popular, and presenters found a loophole in the restrictions on non-patent theatres in the genre of melodrama. Melodrama did not break the Patent Acts, as it was accompanied by music, initially, these entertainments were presented in large halls, attached to public houses, but purpose-built theatres began to appear in the East End at Shoreditch and Whitechapel. The West End theatre district became established with the opening of small theatres and halls. South of the River Thames, the Old Vic, Waterloo Road, the next few decades saw the opening of many new theatres in the West End. It abbreviated its name three years later, the theatre building boom continued until about World War I
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Hedda Gabler
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Hedda Gabler is a play written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. Ibsen was present at the premiere, which took place on 31 January 1891 at the Residenztheater in Munich. It is recognized as a classic of realism, nineteenth century theatre, the title character, Hedda, is considered one of the great dramatic roles in theatre. Heddas married name is Hedda Tesman, Gabler is her maiden name, on the subject of the title, Ibsen wrote, My intention in giving it this name was to indicate that Hedda as a personality is to be regarded rather as her fathers daughter than her husbands wife. Hedda Tesman née Gabler — The main character, newly married and bored with both her marriage and life, seeking to influence a human fate for the first time and she is the daughter of General Gabler. George Tesman — Heddas husband, an academic who is as interested in research, despite Georges presumed rivalry with Eilert over Hedda, he remains a congenial and compassionate host, and even plans to return Eilerts manuscript after Eilert loses it in a drunken stupor. Juliana Tesman — Georges loving aunt who has raised him since early childhood and she is also called Aunt Julle in the play, and Aunt Ju-Ju by George. Thea Elvsted — A younger schoolmate of Hedda and an acquaintance of George. Nervous and shy, Thea is in an unhappy marriage, Judge Brack — An unscrupulous family friend. Eilert Lövborg — Georges former colleague, who now competes with George to achieve publication, Eilert was once in love with Hedda. Bertha — A servant of the Tesmans, Hedda, the daughter of an aristocratic and enigmatic general, has just returned to her villa in Kristiania from her honeymoon. Her husband is George Tesman, a young, aspiring, and it becomes clear in the course of the play that she has never loved him but married him because she thinks her years of youthful abandon are over. It is also suggested that she may be pregnant, the reappearance of Georges academic rival, Eilert Løvborg, throws their lives into disarray. Eilert, a writer, is also an alcoholic who has wasted his talent until now. Thanks to a relationship with Heddas old schoolmate, Thea Elvsted, when Hedda and Eilert talk privately together, it becomes apparent that they are former lovers. The critical success of his published work makes Eilert a threat to George. George and Hedda are financially overstretched, and George tells Hedda that he not be able to finance the regular entertaining or luxurious housekeeping that she had been expecting. Apparently jealous of Theas influence over Eilert, Hedda hopes to come between them, despite his drinking problem, she encourages Eilert to accompany George and his associate, Judge Brack, to a party
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Sydney Theatre Company
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Sydney Theatre Company is an Australian theatre company based in Sydney, New South Wales. The company performs in The Wharf Theatre at Dawes Point in The Rocks area of Sydney, as well as the Roslyn Packer Theatre, Sydney Theatre Company was formed in December 1978, following the closure of The Old Tote Theatre Company the month before. Butcher established its identity and managerial structure, and proposed the name. With John Clark as the Artistic Adviser of the first season, the first production, by The Paris Company, was A Cheery Soul, by Patrick White, Australias Nobel Laureate for Literature, directed by Jim Sharman, featuring Robyn Nevin as Miss Docker. In June 1979, Richard Wherrett, then one of Nimrod Theatres co-Artistic Directors, was appointed Artistic Director of STC to plan and organise activities for the 1980 season. The first STC-produced play was The Sunny South,1 January 1980, by George Darrell, with music by Terence Clarke, directed by Richard Wherrett, in its early years the company operated out of several rented premises around the city, producing 38 productions in five separate venues. Elizabeth Butcher, STC Administrator, was given the task of finding one location that could all the activities of the company. The Wharf was officially handed over to STC in a ceremony on 13 December 1984. The first STC production in The Wharf Theatre,17 January 1985, was Late Arrivals, by Pamela van Amstel, the play was part of a season of one-act plays called Shorts at the Wharf. Directors working regularly for STC include Gale Edwards, Barrie Kosky, David Berthold, Neil Armfield, Benedict Andrews, many Australian actors who would later find wider success both locally and internationally such as Hugo Weaving, Geoffrey Rush and Toni Collette have established their careers in STC productions. The Sydney Theatre Company operates out of a site of the wharf area of Sydney Harbour. The program goes beyond infrastructure projects to include employees, environmentally responsible theatre production, community engagement, the program won two Green Globe Awards. Culture of Sydney Wharf Revue Meyrick, Julian, see How It Runs Nimrod and the New Wave. Sydney, Currency Press in association with Cambridge University Press, the floor of heaven my life in theatre. Sydney Theatre Company website Greening the Wharf project video explanation
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Blanche DuBois
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Blanche DuBois is a fictional character in Tennessee Williams 1947 Pulitzer Prize-winning play A Streetcar Named Desire. The character was written for Tallulah Bankhead, Blanche DuBois arrives, penniless, in New Orleans to stay with her sister Stella and her brother-in-law Stanley Kowalski. A former schoolteacher from a family, she has been evicted from her family home, Belle Reve, after the deaths of several family members wiped out her. It is also revealed that, years earlier, her husband, Allan Grey. She had a series of affairs to numb her grief. Behind her veneer of social snobbery and sexual propriety, Blanche is deeply insecure, from the start, Blanche is appalled by her sisters poor living quarters and the coarseness of her brother-in-law. She calls Stanley an ape, and shames Stella for marrying a man so violent, Blanche is not shy about expressing her contempt for Stanley and the life he has given her sister, which makes him proud. For his part, Stanley resents Blanches superior attitude, and is convinced that she has squandered Stellas portion of the money from the ancestral home. Blanche begins dating Stanleys friend Harold Mitch Mitchell, who is distinct from Stanley in his courtesy and propriety and that hope is destroyed, however, when Stanley learns of Blanches past from a traveling salesman who knew her, and reveals it to Mitch, who ends the relationship. Blanche begins drinking heavily and escapes into a world, conjuring up the notion that an old flame. The night Stella goes into labor, Stanley and Blanche are left alone in the apartment and this event, coupled with the fact that Stella does not believe her, sends Blanche over the edge into a nervous breakdown. In the final scene, Blanche is led off to a hospital by a matron. Blanche DuBois has been portrayed several times on stage and on screen, jessica Tandy received a Tony Award for her performance as Blanche in the original Broadway production. Uta Hagen took over the role of Blanche for the national tour, Blanche was also portrayed by Vivien Leigh in the London stage production, which was directed by her then-husband Laurence Olivier, She reprised the role in the 1951 film adaptation. The film was directed by Elia Kazan, and Leigh won her second Academy Award for this performance, Tallulah Bankhead portrayed the role in 1956. Bankhead, a friend of Williams, had been the inspiration for the role. However, she was uninterested and the producer thought she would overpower the characters fragility. When she played the role in 1956, some critics agreed she was too strong in it, the character is reputedly named after theatre critic Blanche Marvin, a former actress and friend of Williams
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A Streetcar Named Desire
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A Streetcar Named Desire is a 1947 play written by American playwright Tennessee Williams that received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1948. The play opened on Broadway on December 3,1947, and closed on December 17,1949, the Broadway production was directed by Elia Kazan and starred Jessica Tandy, Marlon Brando, Karl Malden, and Kim Hunter. The London production opened in 1949 with Bonar Colleano, Vivien Leigh, the drama A Streetcar Named Desire is often regarded as among the finest plays of the 20th century, and is considered by many to be one of Williams greatest. Blanche is in her thirties, and with no money, she has nowhere else to go, Blanche tells Stella that she has taken a leave of absence from her English teaching position because of her nerves. Blanche laments the shabbiness of her sister’s two-room flat and she finds Stanley loud and rough, eventually referring to him as common. Stanley, in return, does not care for Blanches manners, Stanley later questions Blanche about her earlier marriage. Blanche had married when she was young, but her husband died, leaving her widowed. The memory of her dead husband causes Blanche some obvious distress, Stanley, worried that he has been cheated out of an inheritance, demands to know what happened to Belle Reve, once a large plantation and the DuBois family home. Blanche hands over all the documents pertaining to Belle Reve, while looking at the papers, Stanley notices a bundle of letters that Blanche emotionally proclaims are personal love letters from her dead husband. For a moment, Stanley seems caught off guard over her proclaimed feelings, afterwards, he informs Blanche that Stella is going to have a baby. The night after Blanche’s arrival, during one of Stanley’s poker parties, Blanche meets Mitch and his courteous manner sets him apart from the other men. Their chat becomes flirtatious and friendly, and Blanche easily charms him, suddenly becoming upset over multiple interruptions, Stanley explodes in a drunken rage and strikes Stella. Blanche and Stella take refuge with the neighbor, Eunice. When Stanley recovers, he cries out from the courtyard below for Stella to come back by calling her name until she comes down. After Stella returns to Stanley, Blanche and Mitch sit at the bottom of the steps in the courtyard, Blanche is bewildered that Stella would go back with him after such violence. The next morning, Blanche rushes to Stella and describes Stanley as an animal, though Stella assures Blanche that she. Stanley overhears the conversation but keeps silent, when Stanley comes in, Stella hugs and kisses him, letting Blanche know that her low opinion of Stanley does not matter. As the weeks pass, Blanche and Stanley continue to not get along, Blanche has hope in Mitch, and tells Stella that she wants to go away with him and not be anyone’s problem
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