1.
Noodling
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Noodling is fishing for catfish using only bare hands, practiced primarily in the southern United States. The noodler places their hand inside a catfish hole. Many other names are used in different regions for the same activity, the term noodling, although today used primarily towards the capture of flathead catfish, can and has been applied to all hand fishing methods, regardless of the method or species of fish sought. Where the name noodling originated is not actually known, but the name is not at all illustrative of the dangerous craft. Noodling as a term has also applied to various unconventional methods of fishing, such as any which do not use bait, rod and reel, speargun, etc. Due to concerns over the safety of noodlers and sustainability of fish populations and it has since been legalized in Texas. Although the concept of catching fish with only the use of the arm in the water is simple enough, the choice of catfish as the prey is not arbitrary, but comes from the circumstances of their habitat. Flathead catfish live in holes or under brush in rivers and lakes, to begin, a noodler goes underwater to depths ranging from only a few feet to twenty feet and places his hand inside a discovered catfish hole. If all goes as planned, the catfish will swim forward and latch onto the hand, usually as a defensive maneuver. If the fish is large, the noodler can hook the hand around its gills. A typical weight for a flathead catfish caught by noodling is 40 lb, on Late Night with David Letterman in 1989, Jerry Rider climbed into a tank with a catfish and caught it using his bare hands. For a time Rider became the face of noodling, and appeared in news stories. Rider even traveled to India to demonstrate noodling while visiting the country for the weekend, most of these stories were light-hearted variety pieces with little information, very few of them looked at the practice as a serious sport, as noodlers may have wanted. The closest thing to an examination of noodling accessible to popular culture was a documentary released in 2001 called Okie Noodling. The documentary covers the history and current practice of noodling as it is practiced in Oklahoma, during the course of the documentary the realization that there were no official noodling contests spawned the First Annual Okie Noodling Tournament held in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma. The tournament brought in people from across Oklahoma to a sport mostly passed down from father to son. The release of the documentary and its subsequent airing on PBS affiliates has, if not made the more popular. Although not mentioning women in noodling explicitly, through interviews Okie Noodling helps to explain womens relationship to the sport, although some women relate stories of times they have noodled, the majority of practicing noodlers were and are men
2.
Deception
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Deception, beguilement, deceit, bluff, mystification, ruse, and subterfuge is the act of propagating beliefs in things that are not true, or not the whole truth. Deception can involve dissimulation, propaganda, and sleight of hand, as well as distraction, camouflage, there is also self-deception, as in bad faith. Deception is a relational transgression that often leads to feelings of betrayal. Deception violates relational rules and is considered to be a violation of expectations. Most people expect friends, relational partners, and even strangers to be truthful most of the time, if people expected most conversations to be untruthful, talking and communicating with others would require distraction and misdirection to acquire reliable information. A significant amount of deception occurs between romantic and relational partners, Deceit and dishonesty can also form grounds for civil litigation in tort, or contract law, or give rise to criminal prosecution for fraud. It also forms a part of psychological warfare in Denial. Deception includes several types of communications or omissions that serve to distort or omit the complete truth, examples of deception range from false statements to misleading claims in which relevant information is omitted, leading the receiver to infer false conclusions. Deception itself is intentionally managing verbal and/or nonverbal messages so that the receiver will believe in a way that the message sender knows is false. Intent is critical with regard to deception, intent differentiates between deception and an honest mistake. The Interpersonal Deception Theory explores the interrelation between communicative context and sender and receiver cognitions and behaviors in deceptive exchanges, some forms of deception include, Lies, making up information or giving information that is the opposite or very different from the truth. Equivocations, making an indirect, ambiguous, or contradictory statement, concealments, omitting information that is important or relevant to the given context, or engaging in behavior that helps hide relevant information. Exaggerations, overstatement or stretching the truth to a degree, understatements, minimization or downplaying aspects of the truth. Many people believe that they are good at deception, though this confidence is often misplaced, while it is difficult to deceive a partner over a long period of time, deception often occurs in day-to-day conversations between relational partners. Detecting deception is difficult because there are no completely reliable indicators of deception. Deception, however, places a significant cognitive load on the deceiver and he or she must recall previous statements so that his or her story remains consistent and believable. As a result, deceivers often leak important information both verbally and nonverbally, Deception and its detection is a complex, fluid, and cognitive process that is based on the context of the message exchange. A deceivers actions are interrelated to the message receivers actions and it is during this exchange that the deceiver will reveal verbal and nonverbal information about deceit
3.
Social networking service
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Most social network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as by e-mail and instant messaging and online forums. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, digital photos and videos, posts, depending on the social media platform, members may be able to contact any other member. In other cases, members can contact anyone they have a connection to, and subsequently anyone that contact has a connection to, LinkedIn, a career social networking service, generally requires that a member personally know another member in real life before they contact them online. Some services require members to have a connection to contact other members. The main types of social networking services are those that contain category places, means to connect with friends, there have been attempts to standardize these services to avoid the need to duplicate entries of friends and interests. A study reveals that India has recorded worlds largest growth in terms of media users in 2013. A2013 survey found that 73% of U. S. adults use social networking sites, the variety and evolving range of stand-alone and built-in social networking services in the online space introduces a challenge of definition. Furthermore, the idea that these services are defined by their ability to bring people together provides too broad a definition, such a broad definition would suggest that the telegraph and telephone were social networking services – not the Internet technologies scholars are intending to describe. The terminology is unclear, with some referring to social networking services as social media. The potential for computer networking to facilitate newly improved forms of computer-mediated social interaction was suggested early on, efforts to support social networks via computer-mediated communication were made in many early online services, including Usenet, ARPANET, LISTSERV, and bulletin board services. Many prototypical features of social networking sites were present in online services such as America Online, Prodigy, CompuServe, ChatNet. Early social networking on the World Wide Web began in the form of generalized online communities such as Theglobe. com, Geocities, some communities – such as Classmates. com – took a different approach by simply having people link to each other via email addresses. In the late 1990s, user profiles became a feature of social networking sites, allowing users to compile lists of friends. New social networking methods were developed by the end of the 1990s and it also became one of the first companies to profit from the sale of virtual goods. Friendster was followed by MySpace and LinkedIn a year later, friendster became very popular in the Pacific Islands. Orkut became the first popular social networking service in Brazil and quickly grew in popularity in India, attesting to the rapid increase in social networking sites popularity, by 2005, it was reported that Myspace was getting more page views than Google. Facebook, launched in 2004, became the largest social networking site in the world in early 2009, Facebook was first introduced as a Harvard social networking site, expanding to other universities and eventually, anyone. The term social media was introduced and soon became widespread, web-based social networking services make it possible to connect people who share interests and activities across political, economic, and geographic borders
4.
Romance scam
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A romance scam is a confidence trick involving feigned romantic intentions towards a victim, gaining their affection, and then using that goodwill to commit fraud. Scammers post profiles, using photographs of attractive people, asking for others to contact them. This is often known as catfishing, letters are exchanged between the scammer and victim until the scammer feels they have groomed the victim enough to ask for money. This might be for requests for gas money or bus and airplane tickets to travel to visit the victim, medical expenses, there is usually the promise that the fictitious character will one day join the victim in the victims country. The scam usually ends when the victim realizes they are being scammed or stops sending money, victims can be highly traumatized by this and are often very embarrassed and ashamed when they learn they have become a victim of a scam and that the romance was a farce. Scammers post profiles on dating websites, social accounts, classified sites, upon finding victims, scammers lure them to more private means of communication, to allow for fraud to occur. Narratives used to extract money from the victims of romantic scams include the following, the scammer wants the mark to cash the money orders, and then wire money to the scammer. The forged money orders leave the banks to incur debts against the victims, the scammer says they need the mark to send money to pay for a passport. The scammer says they need the money to pay for the bills in order to continue communicating with the victim. The scammer says they need the money for their or their parents urgent medical treatment, the scammer says they need the money to successfully graduate before they can visit the victim. The scammer offers a job, often to people in a poor country and these are particularly common at African dating sites. The scammer actually is employed directly or indirectly by a website, the scammers also like to entice victims to perform sexual acts on webcam. The scheme usually involves accomplices, such as an interpreter and a taxi driver, the vendors are typically part of the scheme. The mark leaves just as alone but poorer at the end of the trip, the merchandise is returned to the vendors, the pro-dater and the various accomplices pocket their respective cut of the take. As the pro-dater is eager to date again, the date is immediately set up with the next wealthy foreigner. The supposed relationship goes no further, except to inundate the hapless mark with requests for money after they return home. Unlike a gold digger, who marries for money, a pro-dater is not necessarily single or available in real life, another variation is the scammer has a need to marry in order to inherit millions of dollars of gold left by a father, uncle, or grandfather. The young woman will contact a victim and tell them of their plight of not being able to remove the gold from their country due to being unable to pay the duty or marriage taxes, the woman will be unable to inherit the fortune until she gets married
5.
Manti Te'o
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Manti Malietau Louis Teʻo is an American football linebacker for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the round of the 2013 NFL Draft. One of the stories of Notre Dames 2012 season was Teos strong play following the death of his grandmother and girlfriend. In January 2013, the sports blog Deadspin revealed that the existence, an acquaintance of Teo claimed sole responsibility for orchestrating a hoax, assuming fault for luring Teo into an online relationship with a nonexistent woman. Teo played for Punahou School, a private co-ed institution in Manoa, Honolulu, Teo began his varsity career in 2006 with stellar play that won him selection to the second-team all-state roster as a sophomore. As a junior in 2007, Teo was named the defensive player of the year by the Honolulu Advertiser. He received first-team all-state honors while totaling 90 tackles and five sacks on defense and 400 rushing yards, Teo drew considerable attention from colleges and recruiters in the process. He received offers from over 30 college programs, during his senior year, Teo helped lead Punahou to its first-ever state championship in football during the 2008 season. He amassed 129 tackles, including 11 sacks, forced three fumbles, tipped four passes and totaled 19 quarterback hurries, on offense at running back, Teo rushed for 176 yards and four touchdowns and had three receptions, two for touchdowns. He also had three interceptions, returning one 49 yards for a touchdown and he also returned a blocked punt for a touchdown. Teo was such a force that The Honolulu Advertiser considered just naming him the state player of the year. He is regarded as one of the most highly recruited athletes, in 2008, Teo won the inaugural Butkus Award at the high school level, awarded to the best prep linebacker in the United States. He was also named the 2008 Sporting News High School Athlete of the Year, becoming the first person from the state of Hawaii, USA Today named Teo the national Defensive Player of the Year and a first-team All-American. He is only the high school player from Hawaii to be named to the USA Today All-American team, after Pat Kesi in 1990. Teo was also named to the 2009 Parade All-American team as well, on January 10,2010, Teo was named the Hawaii State Defensive Player of the Decade by the Honolulu Advertiser. Teo was nationally regarded as one of the prospects of the class of 2009. Major recruiting service Rivals. com listed him as a five-star recruit—the first from Hawaii since Jonathan Mapu in 2002—and ranked him second among inside linebackers only behind Vontaze Burfict. Also listed as five-star recruit, Teo was ranked as the No.1 strongside linebacker in his class by Scout. com, on National Signing Day of 2009, Teo committed to the University of Notre Dame
6.
Ray Allen
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Walter Ray Allen Jr. is an American former professional basketball player who played 18 seasons in the National Basketball Association. After playing three seasons of basketball for Connecticut, Allen entered the NBA in 1996 and went on to play for the Milwaukee Bucks, Seattle SuperSonics, Boston Celtics. One of the most accurate three-point and free throw shooters in NBA history, he was a ten-time NBA All-Star and he also won an Olympic gold medal as a member of the 2000 United States mens basketball team. Allen is the NBAs all-time leader in career three-point field goals made in both the regular and postseason and he has acted in two films, one of which was a lead role in the 1998 Spike Lee film, He Got Game. The third of five children, Allen was born at Castle Air Force Base near Merced, California, a military child, he spent time growing up in Saxmundham in England, Altus in Oklahoma, Edwards Air Force Base in California, and Germany. He attended high school in Dalzell, South Carolina, where he led Hillcrest High School to a state championship. Allen attended the University of Connecticut from 1993 to 1996 after being recruited by assistant coach Karl Hobbs, while at UConn, he was named USA Basketballs Male Athlete of the Year in 1995. In 1995–96, his college season, Allen was a first-team All-American. Allen finished his UConn career third on the Huskies career scoring list with 1,922 points, in 2001, Allen was named honorary captain of the 25-member UConn All-Century Basketball Team. On February 5,2007, his name and number were honored at Connecticuts Gampel Pavilion during the Huskies of Honor ceremony at halftime of the basketball game against the Syracuse Orange. Allen was drafted by the Minnesota Timberwolves with the pick of the 1996 NBA draft. Immediately after his selection, Allen and Andrew Lang were traded to the Milwaukee Bucks for the rights to fourth pick Stephon Marbury. Allen made his NBA debut on November 1,1996 where he started and played 28 minutes and scored 13 points in a win against fellow rookie Allen Iverson and the Philadelphia 76ers. On January 12,1997 Allen put in one of his strongest efforts of the season in a win against the Golden State Warriors contributing 22 points,6 assists,3 steals and a new career high of 9 rebounds. Continuing his strong season, on March 25,1997 Allen scored a new career high of 32 points in a loss to the Phoenix Suns. Allen was named to the NBA All-Rookie Second Team in 1996, after an injury-riddled 2003–04 season, he was named to the All-NBA Second Team and, alongside teammate Rashard Lewis, led the Sonics to the Conference Semifinals in 2005. Allen told the press if the Lakers remained a mediocre squad, in about a year or two he will be calling out to Jerry Buss that we need some help in here. When asked about Allens comments, Bryant responded, Dont even put me, after the 2004–05 season, Allen signed a 5-year, $80 million contract extension
7.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
8.
Catfish (film)
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The film was a critical and commercial success. It led to an MTV reality TV series, Catfish, The TV Show, however, fishermen found that putting catfish in the tanks with the cod kept them active, and thus ensured the quality of the fish. Young photographer Yaniv Nev Schulman lives with his brother Ariel in New York City, Abby Pierce, an 8-year-old child prodigy artist in rural Ishpeming, Michigan, sends Nev a painting of one of his photos. For a documentary, Ariel and Henry Joost film Nev as he begins a relationship with Megan. She sends him MP3s of song covers she performs for him and he later finds evidence that Angela and Abby have lied about other details of Abbys art career. Ariel urges Nev to continue the relationship for the documentary, although Nev seems reluctant to continue, the siblings decide to travel to Michigan in order to make an impromptu appearance at the Pierces house and confront Megan directly. As they arrive at the house, Angela takes some time to answer the door and she also tells him that she has recently begun chemotherapy for uterine cancer. After leaving multiple messages while trying to call Megan, she drives Nev, while talking with Abby and her friend alone, Nev learns that Abby never sees her sister and rarely paints. Nev thus realizes that while believing he was talking to Megan, it was really Angela posing as her with an alternate Facebook account and mobile phone. Vince, talking with Nev, tells the story about how live cod were shipped along with catfish in the tanks to keep the cod active. He further explains this as a metaphor on how there are people in everyones lives who keep them alert, active and it is implied that he believes Angela to be such a person. On-screen text then informs the viewer that Angela did not have cancer, there was no Megan at Dawn Farms, over the course of their nine-month correspondence, Angela and Nev exchanged more than 1,500 messages. It was revealed later on that the girl in the pictures was Aimee Gonzales, a model and photographer. In October 2008, two years subsequent to the events, Ronald, one of Vinces twin sons, has died, Angela deactivated her 15 other profiles and changed her Facebook profile to a picture of herself, and now has a website to promote herself as an artist. Nev is still on Facebook and has more than 732 friends, to portray Megan and her family, Angela used pictures that Gonzales had posted on Facebook. The documentarys filmmakers compensated Gonzales for her appearance in Catfish. A photograph Angela described as a son, Alex, is that of rapper Joshua Paul Liimatta, following the films premiere at the Sundance Film Festival, a Q&A session was abruptly ended, when an audience member suggested that Catfish may actually be a faux-documentary. Ariel Schulman dismissed this opinion with the reply, Oh, so youre saying that my brother is the best actor in the world, lets hear it for my brother
9.
Social media
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Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks. User-generated content, such as posts or comments, digital photos or videos. Users create service-specific profiles for the website or app that are designed and maintained by the media organization. Social media facilitate the development of social networks by connecting a users profile with those of other individuals or groups. They introduce substantial and pervasive changes to communication between businesses, organizations, communities and individuals, Social media changes the way individuals and large organizations communicate. These changes are the focus of the field of technoself studies. In America, a reported that 84 percent of adolescents in America have a Facebook account. Over 60% of 13 to 17-year-olds have at least one profile on social media, according to Nielsen, Internet users continue to spend more time on social media sites than on any other type of site. For content contributors, the benefits of participating in social media have gone beyond simply social sharing to building a reputation and bringing in career opportunities and monetary income. Social media differ from paper-based or traditional media such as TV broadcasting in many ways, including quality, reach, frequency, usability, immediacy. Social media operate in a Dialogic transmission system and this is in contrast to traditional media which operates under a monologic transmission model, such as a paper newspaper which is delivered to many subscribers. Some of the most popular social media websites are Baidu Tieba, Facebook, Gab, Google+, Instagram, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Reddit, Snapchat, Tumblr, Twitter, Viber, WeChat, Weibo, WhatsApp, and YouTube. These social media websites have more than 100,000,000 registered users, observers have noted a range of positive and negative impacts of social media use. At the same time, concerns have been raised about possible links between social media use and depression, and even the issues of cyberbullying, online harassment. Currently, about half of adults have been cyberbullied and of those,20 percent said that they have been cyberbullied on a regular basis. Another survey was carried out among 7th grade students in America which is known as the Precaution Process Adoption Model, according to this study,69 percent of 7th grade students claim to have experienced cyberbullying and they also said that it is worse than face to face bullying. The variety and evolving stand-alone and built-in social media services introduces a challenge of definition, the terminology is unclear, with some referring to social media as social networks. A2015 paper reviewed the prominent literature in the area and identified four commonalities unique to then-current social media services, in 2016, Merriam-Webster defined social media as Forms of electronic communication through which people create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, etc
10.
Ariidae
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The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species, the relationships of this family are not yet clear. Two of the genera, Gogo and Ancharius, have moved to a separate family called Anchariidae. The Ariidae are divided into two subfamilies, Galeichthys is the only classified in the subfamily Galeichthyinae, while the rest of the genera are classified in the subfamily Ariinae. It has also classified in a superfamily Arioidea containing Ariidae and Anchariidae. Ariids are found in most of the waters on earth mostly in tropical to temperate zones. Ariid are unusual among catfish in that live primarily in the sea. Ariid catfish are found in temperate and tropical seas around the coastlines Many other species of catfish are also present in freshwater habitats. In North and South America, about 43 species extend into water or are found exclusively in fresh water. Ariid catfish have a forked caudal fin. Usually, three pairs of barbels are present and they possess some bony plates on their heads and near their dorsal fins. At least some species have spines in their dorsal and pectoral fins. The gaff top sail catfish is sometimes called crucifix catfish because their dried skulls bones resemble a cruciform man and this is an example of pareidolia. Beyond their maritime habitat, ariid catfish have a number of adaptations that set them apart from other catfish. Most, if not all species, are mouthbrooding fish, with the carrying a small clutch of a few dozen. One well-known ariid catfish is the catfish, Ariopsis felis. Although hardhead catfish reach a weight of about 5.5 kg and are edible, a less-abundant species, more highly regarded as a game and food fish, is the gafftopsail catfish, Bagre marinus
11.
Cod
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Cod is the common name for the genus Gadus of demersal fishes, belonging to the family Gadidae. Cod is also used as part of the name for a number of other fish species. Gadus morhua was named by Linnaeus in 1758, Cod is popular as a food with a mild flavour and a dense, flaky, white flesh. Cod livers are processed to make cod liver oil, an important source of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, young Atlantic cod or haddock prepared in strips for cooking is called scrod. In the United Kingdom, Atlantic cod is one of the most common ingredients in fish and chips, along with haddock, at various times in the past, taxonomists included many species in the genus Gadus. Most of these are now classified in other genera, or have been recognized as simply forms of one of three species. All these species have a number of names, most of them ending with the word cod, whereas other species. However, many other, unrelated species also have names ending with cod. The usage often changes with different localities and at different times, three species in the Gadus genus are currently called cod, Cod forms part of the common name of many other fish no longer classified in the genus Gadus. The tadpole cod family has now placed in Gadidae. Gadiformes include, Some fish have common names derived from cod, such as codling, Some fish commonly known as cod are unrelated to Gadus. Part of this confusion is market-driven. Severely shrunken Atlantic cod stocks have led to the marketing of cod replacements using culinary names of the form x cod, the common names for the following species have become well established, note that all inhabit the Southern Hemisphere. Most are better known as groupers, and belong to the family Serranidae, Some fish that do not have cod in their names are sometimes sold as cod. Haddock and whiting belong to the family, the Gadidae. Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Whiting Merlangius merlangus Cods of the genus Gadus have three rounded dorsal and two anal fins, the pelvic fins are small, with the first ray extended, and are set under the gill cover, in front of the pectoral fins. The upper jaw extends over the jaw, which has a well-developed chin barbel. The eyes are medium-sized, approximately the same as the length of the chin barbel, Cod have a distinct white lateral line running from the gill slit above the pectoral fin, to the base of the caudal or tail fin
12.
The Boston Globe
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The Boston Globe is an American daily newspaper based in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1872 by Charles H. Taylor, it was held until 1973. The company was acquired in 1993 by The New York Times Company, in 2011, a BostonGlobe. com subscription site was launched. In 2013, the newspaper and websites were purchased by John W. Henry, the Boston Globe has been awarded 26 Pulitzer Prizes since 1966, and its chief print rival is the Boston Herald. The Boston Globe was founded in 1872 by six Boston businessmen, including Charles H. Taylor and Eben Jordan, the first issue was published on March 4,1872, and cost four cents. Originally a morning daily, it began a Sunday edition in 1877, in 1878, The Boston Globe started an afternoon edition called The Boston Evening Globe, which ceased publication in 1979. By the 1890s, The Boston Globe had become a stronghold, in 1964, Tom Winship succeeded his father, Larry Winship, as editor. The younger Winship transformed The Globe from a local paper into a regional paper of national distinction. He served as editor until 1984, during which time the paper won a dozen Pulitzer Prizes, the Boston Globe was a private company until 1973 when it went public under the name Affiliated Publications. It continued to be managed by the descendants of Charles H. Taylor, in 1993, The New York Times Company purchased Affiliated Publications for US$1.1 billion, making The Boston Globe a wholly owned subsidiary of The New York Times parent. The Jordan and Taylor families received substantial New York Times Company stock, Boston. com, the online edition of The Boston Globe, was launched on the World Wide Web in 1995. Consistently ranked among the top ten websites in America, it has won numerous national awards. Under the helm of editor Martin Baron and then Brian McGrory, the Boston Globe is credited with allowing Peter Gammons to start his Notes section on baseball, which has become a mainstay in all major newspapers nationwide. In 2004, Gammons was selected as the 56th recipient of the J. G. Taylor Spink Award for outstanding baseball writing, given by the BBWAA, and was honored at the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 31,2005. In 2007, Charlie Savage, whose reports on President Bushs use of signing statements made national news, the Boston Globe has consistently been ranked in the forefront of American journalism. The Boston Globe hosts 28 blogs covering a variety of topics including Boston sports, local politics, on April 2,2009, The New York Times Company threatened to close the paper if its unions did not agree to $20,000,000 of cost savings. Some of the cost savings include reducing union employees pay by 5%, ending pension contributions, the Boston Globe eliminated the equivalent of fifty full-time jobs, among buy-outs and layoffs, it swept out most of the part-time employees in the editorial sections. The papers other three major unions had agreed to concessions on May 3,2009, after The New York Times Company threatened to give the government 60-days notice that it intended to close the paper
13.
Christianity
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Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who serves as the focal point for the religion. It is the worlds largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Old Testament. Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles Creed and his incarnation, earthly ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection are often referred to as the gospel, meaning good news. The term gospel also refers to accounts of Jesuss life and teaching, four of which—Matthew, Mark, Luke. Christianity is an Abrahamic religion that began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century, following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Australasia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization. Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization, throughout its history, Christianity has weathered schisms and theological disputes that have resulted in many distinct churches and denominations. Worldwide, the three largest branches of Christianity are the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the denominations of Protestantism. There are many important differences of interpretation and opinion of the Bible, concise doctrinal statements or confessions of religious beliefs are known as creeds. They began as baptismal formulae and were expanded during the Christological controversies of the 4th and 5th centuries to become statements of faith. Many evangelical Protestants reject creeds as definitive statements of faith, even agreeing with some or all of the substance of the creeds. The Baptists have been non-creedal in that they have not sought to establish binding authoritative confessions of faith on one another. Also rejecting creeds are groups with roots in the Restoration Movement, such as the Christian Church, the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada, the Apostles Creed is the most widely accepted statement of the articles of Christian faith. It is also used by Presbyterians, Methodists, and Congregationalists and this particular creed was developed between the 2nd and 9th centuries. Its central doctrines are those of the Trinity and God the Creator, each of the doctrines found in this creed can be traced to statements current in the apostolic period. The creed was used as a summary of Christian doctrine for baptismal candidates in the churches of Rome. Most Christians accept the use of creeds, and subscribe to at least one of the mentioned above. The central tenet of Christianity is the belief in Jesus as the Son of God, Christians believe that Jesus, as the Messiah, was anointed by God as savior of humanity, and hold that Jesus coming was the fulfillment of messianic prophecies of the Old Testament. The Christian concept of the Messiah differs significantly from the contemporary Jewish concept, Jesus, having become fully human, suffered the pains and temptations of a mortal man, but did not sin
14.
Parable
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A parable is a succinct, didactic story, in prose or verse, which illustrates one or more instructive lessons or principles. It differs from a fable in that fables employ animals, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature as characters, a parable is a type of analogy. Some scholars of the gospels and the New Testament apply the term parable only to the parables of Jesus. Parables such as The Prodigal Son are central to Jesus teaching method in the canonical narratives, the word parable comes from the Greek παραβολή, meaning comparison, illustration, analogy. It was the name given by Greek rhetoricians to an illustration in the form of a fictional narrative. Parables are often used to explore concepts in spiritual texts. The Bible contains numerous parables in the Gospels section of the New Testament and these are believed by some scholars to have been inspired by mashalim, a form of Hebrew comparison. Examples of Jesus parables include the Good Samaritan and the Prodigal Son, mashalim from the Old Testament include the parable of the ewe-lamb and the parable of the woman of Tekoah. In Sufi tradition, parables are used for imparting lessons and values, recent authors such as Idries Shah and Anthony de Mello have helped popularize these stories beyond Sufi circles. A mid-19th-century example, the Parable of the window, criticises a part of economic thinking. A parable is a tale that illustrates a universal truth. It sketches a setting, describes an action, and shows the results and it may sometimes be distinguished from similar narrative types, such as the allegory and the apologue. A parable often involves a character who faces a dilemma or one who makes a bad decision. Although the meaning of a parable is not explicitly stated, it is not intended to be hidden or secret but to be quite straightforward. The defining characteristic of the parable is the presence of a subtext suggesting how a person should behave or what he should believe. Aside from providing guidance and suggestions for proper conduct in ones life, parables express an abstract argument by means of using a concrete narrative which is easily understood. The allegory is a general narrative type, it also employs metaphor. Like the parable, the allegory makes a single, unambiguous point, an allegory may have multiple noncontradictory interpretations and may also have implications that are ambiguous or hard to interpret
15.
Henry Nevinson
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Henry Woodd Nevinson was a British war correspondent during the Second Boer War and World War I, a campaigning journalist exposing slavery in western Africa, political commentator and suffragist. Nevinson studied at Shrewsbury School and later at Christ Church, Oxford, at Oxford, he came under the influence of John Ruskins ideas. After this he spent some time in Jena studying German culture, the result of this was in 1884 Nevinson published his first book, Herder and his Times, one of the first studies of Johann Gottfried Herder in English. In the 1880s Nevinson became a socialist, he befriended Peter Kropotkin and Edward Carpenter, in 1897 Nevinson became the Daily Chronicles correspondent in the Greco-Turkish War. He was known for his reporting on the Second Boer War, in 1914 he co-founded the Friends Ambulance Unit and later in World War I was a war correspondent, being wounded at Gallipoli. He was hired by Harpers Monthly Magazine to investigate rumours of a trade in slaves from Angola to the plantations of São Tomé. After a 450 mile journey inland he uncovered a trail of people being handed over to settle debts or seized by Portuguese agents and taken in shackles to the coastal towns. Once there he was enraged to find that Portuguese officials freed them, despite ill health so severe that he feared he had been poisoned Nevinson followed the slaves journey to São Tomé. He found conditions on the plantations so harsh that one in five workers died each year and his account was serialised in the magazine from August 1905 and published as A Modern Slavery by Harper and Bros in 1906. He was also a suffragist, being one of the founders in 1907 of the Mens League for Womens Suffrage, reviewing Nevinsons book, More Changes, More Chances, E. M. He married Margaret Wynne Jones, the artist Christopher Nevinson was their son, shortly after the death of his wife, Margaret, in 1933, Henry married his long-time friend and lover, fellow suffragist, Evelyn Sharp. A Sketch of Herder and his times Life of Friedrich Schiller Neighbours of Ours, A Novel In the Valley of Tophet, Tales Pictures of Classic Greek Landscape and Architecture by J. Fulleylove, with a text in explanation by H. W. Nevinson. Scenes in the Thirty Days War between Greece and Turkey,1897, the Plea of Pan, Essays Between the Acts, Autobiographical and other sketches. Sketches on the Old Road through France to Florence, by A. H. Hallam Murray, accompanied by H. W. Nevinson and Montgomery Carmichael
16.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football
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The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the intercollegiate football team representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana. The team is coached by Brian Kelly. The team plays its games at the campuss Notre Dame Stadium. One of the most iconic and successful programs in sports, have 13 national championships recognized by the NCAA. With 486 players selected, Notre Dame is second to USC in the number of players chosen by NFL teams in the draft, all Notre Dame home games have been televised on NBC since 1991, and Notre Dame is the only school to have such a contract. It was the only independent program to be part of the Bowl Championship Series coalition and its guaranteed payout and these factors help make Notre Dame one of the most financially valuable football programs in the country, allowing them to remain independent of a conference. Football did not have a beginning at the University of Notre Dame. In their inaugural game on November 23,1887, the Irish lost to Michigan by a score of 8–0 and their first win came in the final game of the 1888 season when the Irish defeated Harvard Prep by a score of 20–0. At the end of the 1888 season they had a record of 1–3 with all three losses being at the hands of Michigan by a score of 43–9. Between 1887 and 1899 Notre Dame compiled a record of 31 wins,15 losses, in 1908, the win over Franklin saw end Fay Wood catch the first touchdown pass in Notre Dame history. By the end of the 1912 season they had amassed a record of 108 wins,31 losses, jesse Harper became head coach in 1913 and remained so until he retired in 1917. During his tenure the Irish began playing only intercollegiate games and posted a record of 34 wins, five losses and this period would also mark the beginning of the rivalry with Army and the continuation of rivalries with Michigan State. In 1913, Notre Dame burst into the consciousness and helped to transform the collegiate game in a single contest. In an effort to respect for a regionally successful but small-time Midwestern football program, Harper scheduled games in his first season with national powerhouses Texas, Penn State. On November 1,1913, the Notre Dame squad stunned the Black Knights of the Hudson 35–13 in a game played at West Point and this game has been miscredited as the invention of the forward pass. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918, under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins,12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp. Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I/FBS football history, Rocknes offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme
17.
The Washington Post
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The Washington Post is an American daily newspaper. It is the most widely circulated newspaper published in Washington, D. C. and was founded on December 6,1877 and its current slogan is Democracy Dies in Darkness. Located in the city of the United States, the newspaper has a particular emphasis on national politics. Daily editions are printed for the District of Columbia, Maryland, the newspaper is published as a broadsheet, with photographs printed both in color and in black and white. The newspaper has won 47 Pulitzer Prizes and this includes six separate Pulitzers awarded in 2008, the second-highest number ever awarded to a single newspaper in one year, second only to The New York Times seven awards in 2002. Post journalists have also received 18 Nieman Fellowships and 368 White House News Photographers Association awards, in years since, its investigations have led to increased review of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. In 2013, its owners, the Graham family, sold the newspaper to billionaire entrepreneur. The newspaper is owned by Nash Holdings LLC, a holding company Bezos created for the acquisition, the Washington Post is generally regarded as one of the leading daily American newspapers, along with The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. The Post has distinguished itself through its reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress. It is one of the two daily broadsheets published in Washington D. C. the other being its smaller rival The Washington Times, unlike The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post does not print an edition for distribution away from the East Coast. In 2009, the newspaper ceased publication of its National Weekly Edition, the majority of its newsprint readership is in District of Columbia and its suburbs in Maryland and Northern Virginia. The Sunday Style section differs slightly from the weekday Style section, it is in a tabloid format, and it houses the reader-written humor contest The Style Invitational. Additional weekly sections appear on weekdays, Health & Science on Tuesday, Food on Wednesday, Local Living on Thursday, the latter two are in a tabloid format. In November 2009, it announced the closure of its U. S. regional bureaus—Chicago, Los Angeles and New York—as part of a focus on. political stories. The newspaper has bureaus in Maryland and Virginia. While its circulation has been slipping, it has one of the highest market-penetration rates of any metropolitan news daily, for many decades, the Post had its main office at 1150 15th Street NW. This real estate remained with Graham Holdings when the newspaper was sold to Jeff Bezos Nash Holdings in 2013, Graham Holdings sold 1150 15th Street for US$159 million in November 2013. The Washington Post continued to lease space at 1150 L Street NW, in May 2014, The Washington Post leased the west tower of One Franklin Square, a high-rise building at 1301 K Street NW in Washington, D. C
18.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
19.
A Rape on Campus
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Rolling Stone retracted the story in its entirety on April 5,2015. The article included a claim that a UVA student, identified only as Jackie by the magazine, had taken to a party hosted by the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity at UVA by a fellow student. At the party, Jackie alleged in the article, her date led her to a bedroom where she was raped by several fraternity members as part of an initiation rite, Jackies account generated much media attention, and UVA suspended the fraternity. After other journalists investigated the claims and found significant discrepancies. Further investigation concluded that Jackie had fabricated the incident, according to the Washington Post, ABC News and others, Jackie may have invented the gang rape story in an unsuccessful attempt to win the affections of a fellow student that she had a crush on. The Columbia Journalism Review called the story this years media-fail sweepstakes, on January 30,2015, UVA President Teresa Sullivan acknowledged that the Rolling Stone story was discredited. Charlottesville Police officially suspended their investigation on March 23,2015, stating. In light of the findings, Erik Wemple of The Washington Post pronounced the story a complete crock, in the Columbia Journalism Review, Bill Grueskin called the story a mess — thinly sourced, full of erroneous assumptions, and plagued by gaping holes in the reporting. On April 5,2015, Rolling Stone retracted the article, the report determined that the magazine exhibited confirmation bias and failed to perform basic fact checking by relying excessively on the accusers account without verifying it through other means. The report also states that the article misled readers with quotes where attribution was unclear, the report also points out that Rolling Stone staff were initially unwilling to recognize these deficiencies and denied a need for policy changes. UVA associate dean Nicole Eramo, the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, for anonymity, Erdely only used Jackies first name and gave pseudonyms to other students discussed in the story. He brought her to a bedroom upstairs where allegedly, a heavy person jumps on top of her. Someone else kneels on her hair, and for the next three hours shes brutally raped and beaten, with Drew and another upperclassman supposedly shouting out instructions to the pledges, referring to Jackie as it. According to Goldberg, It is an account of a sober, after leaving the party around 3 AM, allegedly with bruises and blood stained clothes, Jackie called her three best friends, Andy, Randall and Cindy, for support. Erdely wrote that Randall wasnt friends with Jackie anymore and, citing his loyalty to his own frat, Jackies academic performance reportedly declined and she became socially withdrawn due to emotional distress. The university would not take action unless Jackie disclosed the names of the individuals or the fraternity involved. In September 2013, Eramo connected Jackie with Emily Renda, a UVA staff member, recent graduate, within hours of the articles publication, UVA president Teresa Sullivan had called the governors chief of staff and the Charlottesville police chief to start preparing a response. Sullivan said, I was plainly not prepared for what the story looked like, nor do I think her characterization of my interview was fair
20.
National Basketball Association
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The National Basketball Association is the major mens professional basketball league in North America, and is widely considered to be the premier mens professional basketball league in the world. It has 30 teams, and is a member of USA Basketball. The NBA is one of the four professional sports leagues in the United States. NBA players are the worlds best paid athletes by average annual salary per player, the league was founded in New York City on June 6,1946, as the Basketball Association of America. The league adopted the name National Basketball Association on August 3,1949, the leagues several international as well as individual team offices are directed out of its head offices located in the Olympic Tower at 645 Fifth Avenue in New York City. NBA Entertainment and NBA TV studios are directed out of offices located in Secaucus, the Basketball Association of America was founded in 1946 by owners of the major ice hockey arenas in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Canada. On November 1,1946, in Toronto, Canada, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers at Maple Leaf Gardens, the first basket was made by Ossie Schectman of the Knickerbockers. During its early years, the quality of play in the BAA was not significantly better than in competing leagues or among leading independent clubs such as the Harlem Globetrotters. For instance, the 1948 ABL finalist Baltimore Bullets moved to the BAA and won that leagues 1948 title, Following the 1948–49 season, the BAA took in the remainder of the NBL, Syracuse, Anderson, Tri-Cities, Sheboygan, Denver, and Waterloo. The new league had seventeen franchises located in a mix of large and small cities, as well as arenas and smaller gymnasiums. The process of contraction saw the leagues smaller-city franchises move to larger cities, the Hawks shifted from the Tri-Cities to Milwaukee in 1951, and then to St. Louis in 1955. The Rochester Royals moved from Rochester, New York, to Cincinnati in 1957, japanese-American Wataru Misaka broke the NBA color barrier in the 1947–48 season when he played for the New York Knicks. He remained the only player in league history prior to the first African-American, Harold Hunter. During this period, the Minneapolis Lakers, led by center George Mikan, won five NBA Championships, to encourage shooting and discourage stalling, the league introduced the 24-second shot clock in 1954. If a team does not attempt to score a goal within 24 seconds of obtaining the ball, play is stopped. In 1957, rookie center Bill Russell joined the Boston Celtics, who already featured guard Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, and went on to lead the club to eleven NBA titles in thirteen seasons. Center Wilt Chamberlain entered the league with the Warriors in 1959 and became a dominant individual star of the 1960s, russells rivalry with Chamberlain became one of the greatest rivalries in the history of American team sports. The 1960s were dominated by the Celtics, led by Russell, Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, Boston won eight straight championships in the NBA from 1959 to 1966
21.
Chris Andersen
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Christopher Claus Andersen is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association. Nicknamed Birdman, Andersen was born in Long Beach, California, grew up in Iola, Texas, Andersen began his professional career in the Chinese Basketball Association and the American minor leagues. He then played in the NBA for the Denver Nuggets and the New Orleans Hornets and he received a two-year ban from the NBA in 2006 for violating the leagues drug policy, but was reinstated on March 4,2008, and re-signed with the Hornets the next day. He returned to Denver later in 2008, and remained with the team until 2012 and he signed with the Miami Heat in January 2013 and won a championship with them that same year. He is the only Blinn student to play in the NBA. In 1982, when Andersen was four, his family moved to Texas, using a loan from the Texas Veterans Land Board to purchase a 10-acre plot in unincorporated Iola, shortly later, Claus left the family without finishing the house they were building. The Andersens then lived off the land, with Linda working on jobs and relying on the help of neighbors and Lindas brother. During Andersens middle school years, he and his siblings were sent to a home in Denton for three years. During high school, Andersen was convinced to take up basketball by the varsity basketball coach, Andersen could not get the grades to attend the University of Houston, but went to Blinn College in Brenham, where the coach was the father of Andersens high school coach. He played one season with the Blinn Buccaneers, leading the National Junior College Athletic Association players in blocks, convinced that he could play professionally, Andersen dropped out of Blinn in 1999, not knowing he had to officially apply for the NBA draft to get picked up. In March 2000, he joined the New Mexico Slam of the International Basketball League where he averaged just 1.1 points and 1.6 rebounds in six regular season games and four playoff games. Later that year, he joined the Dakota Wizards of the IBA and he then joined the Fargo-Moorhead Beez also of the IBA where he played seven games before being released in January 2001. Later that year, he joined the Sugarland Sharks of the Southwest Basketball League, in July 2001, Andersen joined the Cleveland Cavaliers for the 2001 NBA Summer League. On September 28,2001, he signed with the Phoenix Suns, however, he was later waived by the Suns on October 7,2001. On October 31,2001, he was selected with the first overall pick by the Fayetteville Patriots in the NBA Development Leagues inaugural draft. Andersen became the first D-League player called up by an NBA team and he quickly became one of the top per-minute rebounders and shot-blockers in the league. During the 2002 Rocky Mountain Revue, teammates Junior Harrington and Kenny Satterfield nicknamed Andersen Birdman for his arm span, on September 29,2003, he re-signed with the Nuggets. On July 19,2004, Andersen signed a deal with the New Orleans Hornets
22.
Catfish: The TV Show
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Catfish, The TV Show is an American reality-based documentary television series airing on MTV about the truths and lies of online dating. The series is based on the 2010 film Catfish and is co-hosted by Nev Schulman and it premiered on November 12,2012. The fifth season premiered on February 24,2016, Season 6 premiered on March 1,2017. These catfish usually intend to trick a person or persons into falling in love with them. MTV and the Catfish films producers, Schulman and Joseph, help people who are entangled with someone they have never met in real life. Each episode is an investigation into whether or not the participant in the virtual relationship is legitimate or if they are, in fact. Some couples have been communicating for a few months—others, for years, Nev claims that he has received requests from people asking him for his help in determining whether or not their online-only lover is lying or truthful about their identity. In each episode the hosts help a different individual with a different story, travelling to wherever they live and using background checks, Nev and Max contact the other person to arrange a first-ever meeting between the two virtual lovers, then documents how both people are impacted. The show presents the hopeful as the one who initiates contact with Schulman and Joseph in an attempt to discover the identity of their online romance. Some of the casting calls do solicit stories from hopefuls. Producers then proceed to gather information about the deception from the catfish, for legal reasons, all persons involved on the series sign contracts agreeing to appear on camera prior to the episode even entering production. In Season 3s Miranda and Camryn episode, the catfish did change their mind about meeting the hopeful, and only appeared via Skype. The hosts are given no information about the catfish, and while the catfish has already agreed to appear on the show, Nev Schulman explained more about the reverse-engineering in an August 2014 interview, A lot of the stories that we get come from the catfish side of things. People who feel so terrible that theyve been lying to a friend or a lover on the internet for a long time. They want to clean, but they fear if they simply told the truth, the other person would be very upset that theyve been lied to and deceived. And so theyre hopeful that by coming on the show maybe we can facilitate some kind of amicable exchange, so orchestrate very delicately, and staying out of it as much as possible, a scenario by which the hopeful reaches out to me. And so just pick up from there, no idea of course that the other persons already expressed interest in meeting. And the doesnt know that were doing it
23.
Cory Michael Smith
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Cory Michael Smith is an American actor. He currently portrays Edward Nygma in the Fox television drama series Gotham and he appeared in Camp X-Ray in 2014. He appeared in 2013 in Breakfast at Tiffanys on Broadway, which starred Emilia Clarke, a native of Columbus, Ohio, Smith was raised by his parents, David and Theresa Smith, with his one older brother Chad, and graduated from Hilliard Darby High School in 2005. He had aspirations ranging from becoming a concert pianist to a lawyer, while at Otterbein University, Smith was cast in such plays as The Scene, The Caucasian Chalk Circle, Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. and Tartuffe. His major & minor were art musical theatre and jazz piano and he considered dropping out of art musical theatre for philosophy or pre-law. He starred in The Fantasticks at both Barrington Stage Company and The Repertory Theatre of St. Louis and he was also seen in Edith Can Shoot Things and Hit Them. Smith made his Broadway debut in Breakfast at Tiffanys in 2013, in the same theatre season, he also starred Off-Broadway in both the U. S. Premiere of Cock aka The Cockfight Play by Mike Bartlett and The Whale by Samuel D, hunter which had its world premier at Denver Center for the Performing Arts with the New York premier at Playwrights Horizons. His first feature film was Camp X-Ray which premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival in January and he appeared in a short horror movie, Dog Food, co-starring Amanda Seyfried and premiered at the 2014 South by Southwest in March. Smith also appeared in the HBO mini-series Olive Kitteridge and the film Carol and he currently appears in Gotham as Edward Nygma. Smith says in an interview about his current character, Edward Nygma, What I’m really excited about is the bottom of that curve. and I could not have different trajectories. Cobblepot is a sadistic bully from the beginning. Hes not really a bad guy — in fact, hes more of an overgrown boy. His journey, Smith says, will be to claim his identity and claim his power and perhaps finally become someone that is a player in the field and not just this irritating, flimsy young lad
24.
To Catch a Predator
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To Catch a Predator is an American reality television series that features hidden camera investigations by the television newsmagazine program Dateline NBC. It was devoted to impersonating underage people and detaining male adults who contacted them over the Internet for sexual liaisons, people were lured to meet with a decoy under the pretense of sexual contact and then confronted. The series premiered in November 2004, and featured 12 investigations in total held across the United States, the investigations were conducted as undercover sting operations with the help of online watchdog group Perverted-Justice. Since the third installment, law enforcement and other officials were also involved, no new episodes have aired since December 2007. NBC affiliates WTMJ in Milwaukee, KSHB in Kansas City and WBRE in Wilkes-Barre have also done local versions of To Catch a Predator. Various spin-offs have aired in the format, including To Catch a Con Man, To Catch an ID Thief, To Catch a Car Thief and To Catch an i-Jacker. To Catch a Predator is also aired on FX and Crime & Investigation Network in the United Kingdom, as Hansen stated, Pedophiles have a very specific definition, people who are interested in prepubescent sex, he stated. The method that was used to catch these would-be sex offenders is derived from that used by Perverted-Justice. Perverted-Justice volunteers build profiles identified as underage individuals on social networking websites and they set up adults to message or email the decoy and begin a dialogue. If the conversation turns sexual in nature, the decoy will not discourage this and this also can help the Perverted-Justice team in collecting incriminating evidence against the alleged offender. Such evidence could include engaging in conversations, sending the decoy pornography or child pornography. Hansen questions each one at length about their intentions, some leave immediately upon seeing Hansen, because they recognize that he is clearly not a teenager, or they have seen him in previous Dateline investigations. Those who have not seen Hansens Dateline investigations before often assume he is either the father or a member of a law enforcement agency. Then, Dateline crew members with large cameras and microphones reveal themselves, arrests are sometimes made in a dramatic fashion by multiple officers who, with Taser drawn, ambush the suspect and command him to lie face-down on the ground before being handcuffed. In the Fort Myers investigation, a officer in camouflage sometimes arrested the perpetrators as they left the sting house. Tasers are sometimes shown being used to subdue fleeing or merely unresponsive individuals, some investigations also show booking procedures and bail hearings. Bail is usually set between $30,000 and $50,000 per suspect, in some jurisdictions, online solicitation with the belief that the other person is below the age of consent is a crime, regardless of whether the other person actually is. The first in the aired in November 2004 as a Dateline NBC segment called Dangerous Web
25.
Cyberbullying
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Cyberbullying or cyberharassment is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic forms of contact. Cyberbullying has become common, especially among teenagers. Awareness in the United States has risen in the 2010s, due in part to high-profile cases, Bullying or harassment can be identified by repeated behavior and an intent to harm. Harmful bullying behavior can include posting rumors about a person, threats, sexual remarks, disclose victims personal information, several US states and other countries have laws specific to regulating cyberbullying. These laws are designed to specifically target teen cyberbullying, while others use laws extending from the scope of physical harassment, in cases of adult cyberharassment, these reports are usually filed beginning with local police. Research has demonstrated a number of consequences of cyberbullying victimization. Victims may have lower self-esteem, increased suicidal ideation, and a variety of responses, retaliating, being scared, frustrated, angry. Individuals have reported that cyberbullying can be more harmful than traditional bullying, Internet trolling is a common form of bullying over the Internet in an online community in order to elicit a reaction, disruption, or for their own personal amusement. Cyberstalking is another form of bullying or harassment that uses electronic communications to stalk a victim may pose a threat to the safety of the victim. Components such as the repetition of the behavior and the imbalance between the bully and victim, and their applicability to electronic harassment, are debated. Cyberbullying is often similar to traditional bullying, although there are some distinctions, victims of cyberbullying may not know the identity of their bully, or why the bully is targeting them. The victim is sometimes exposed to the harassment whenever they use technology. The terms cyberharassment and cyberbullying are sometimes used synonymously, though some people use cyberbullying specifically to refer to harassment among minors or in a school setting, cyberstalking is a form of online harassment in which the perpetrator uses electronic communications to stalk a victim. Cyberstalking is considered more dangerous than other forms of cyberbullying because it involves a credible threat to the safety of the victim. Cyberstalkers may send repeated messages intended to threaten or harass their victim and they may encourage others to do the same, either explicitly or by impersonating their victim and asking others to contact them. Internet trolls intentionally try to provoke or offend others in order to elicit a reaction, trolls and cyberbullies do not always have the same goals, while some trolls engage in cyberbullying, others may be engaged in comparatively harmless mischief. A troll may be either for their own amusement or because they are genuinely a combative person. Manuals to educate the public, teachers and parents summarize, Cyberbullying is being cruel to others by sending or posting harmful material using a phone or the internet
26.
Gaslighting
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Gaslighting is a form of manipulation that seeks to sow seeds of doubt in a targeted individual or members of a group, hoping to make targets question their own memory, perception, and sanity. Using persistent denial, misdirection, contradiction, and lying, it attempts to destabilize the target, instances may range from the denial by an abuser that previous abusive incidents ever occurred up to the staging of bizarre events by the abuser with the intention of disorienting the victim. The term owes its origin to Gas Light, a 1938 play and 1944 film and it has been used in clinical and research literature. The original title stems from the dimming of the gas lights in the house that happened when the husband was using the gas lights in the attic while searching for hidden treasure. The wife accurately notices the lights and discusses the phenomenon. The term gaslighting has been used colloquially since the 1960s, to describe efforts to manipulate someones sense of reality, sociopaths and narcissists frequently use gaslighting tactics. Sociopaths consistently transgress social mores, break laws, and exploit others, but typically also are convincing liars, sometimes charming ones, thus, some who have been victimized by sociopaths may doubt their own perceptions. Some physically abusive spouses may gaslight their partners by flatly denying that they have been violent, Gaslighting may occur in parent–child relationships, with either parent, child, or both, lying to each other and attempting to undermine perceptions. Gaslighting describes a dynamic observed in cases of marital infidelity. The gaslighting behaviors of the spouse provide a recipe for the nervous breakdown for some women suicide in some of the worst situations. The situation was a theme in the BBCs The Archers radio soap opera through the story of Helen Archer and Rob Titchenor in 2015-6. Psychotherapy and psychiatry have been described as forms of gaslighting wherein the therapist or psychiatrist is characterized by the patient to be of a more sound, furthermore, gaslighting has been observed between patients and staff in inpatient psychiatric facilities. Of painful and potentially painful mental conflicts, dorpat describes this as an example of projective identification. With respect to women in particular, Hilde Lindemann argued emphatically that in such cases, establishment of counterstories may help the victim reacquire ordinary levels of free agency. Gaslighting has been used by Russian politicians, british film-maker Adam Curtis suggested in 2014 that nonlinear or asymmetric war was a form of gaslighting intended to force political control. Surkov used his influence to finance various political coalitions so none of the Russian citizens could know if an organization was created by the government or a grassroots movement, in fact, I would never dream of saying X. had brought new notability to the term. Some Clinical Consequences of Introjection, Gaslighting, dialogues of Doubt, The Psychology of Self-Doubt and Emotional Gaslighting in Adult Women and Men. Gaslighting, How to Drive Your Enemies Crazy, the Gaslight Effect, How to Spot and Survive the Hidden Manipulation Others Use to Control Your Life
27.
Trojan Horse
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The Trojan Horse is a tale from the Trojan War about the subterfuge that the Greeks used to enter the city of Troy and win the war. In the canonical version, after a fruitless 10-year siege, the Greeks constructed a wooden horse. The Greeks pretended to sail away, and the Trojans pulled the horse into their city as a victory trophy and that night the Greek force crept out of the horse and opened the gates for the rest of the Greek army, which had sailed back under cover of night. The Greeks entered and destroyed the city of Troy, ending the war, metaphorically a Trojan Horse has come to mean any trick or stratagem that causes a target to invite a foe into a securely protected bastion or place. A malicious computer program which tricks users into willingly running it is called a Trojan horse or simply a Trojan. The main ancient source for the story is the Aeneid of Virgil, the event is also referred to in Homers Odyssey. In the Greek tradition, the horse is called the Wooden Horse, according to Quintus Smyrnaeus, Odysseus thought of building a great wooden horse, hiding an elite force inside, and fooling the Trojans into wheeling the horse into the city as a trophy. Under the leadership of Epeius, the Greeks built the wooden horse in three days, odysseuss plan called for one man to remain outside the horse, he would act as though the Greeks had abandoned him, leaving the horse as a gift for the Trojans. An inscription was engraved on the reading, For their return home. Then they burned their tents and left to Tenedos by night, Greek soldier Sinon was abandoned, and was to signal to the Greeks by lighting a beacon. In Virgils poem, Sinon, the only volunteer for the role, successfully convinces the Trojans that he has left behind. Sinon tells the Trojans that the Horse was built to be too large for them to take it into their city, however, the god Poseidon sends two sea serpents to strangle him and his sons Antiphantes and Thymbraeus before any Trojan heeds his warning. According to Apollodorus the two serpents were sent by Apollo, whom Laocoon had insulted by sleeping with his wife in front of the divine image. King Priams daughter Cassandra, the soothsayer of Troy, insists that the horse will be the downfall of the city and she too is ignored, hence their doom and loss of the war. 8.487 ff The most detailed and most familiar version is in Virgils Aeneid and they secretly hide a picked body of men, chosen by lot, there, in the dark body, filling the belly and the huge cavernous insides with armed warriors. Then Laocoön rushes down eagerly from the heights of the citadel, to confront them all, a crowd with him. Do you think the enemys sailed away, or do you think any Greek gifts free of treachery. Whatever it is, Im afraid of Greeks even those bearing gifts, Book II includes Laocoön saying, Equo ne credite, Teucri
28.
Phishing
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The word is a neologism created as a homophone of fishing due to the similarity of using a bait in an attempt to catch a victim. According to the 3rd Microsoft Computing Safer Index Report released in February 2014, communications purporting to be from social web sites, auction sites, banks, online payment processors or IT administrators are often used to lure victims. Phishing emails may contain links to websites that are infected with malware, Phishing is an example of social engineering techniques used to deceive users, and exploits weaknesses in current web security. Attempts to deal with the number of reported phishing incidents include legislation, user training, public awareness. Phishing attempts directed at individuals or companies have been termed spear phishing. Attackers may gather information about their target to increase their probability of success. This technique is, by far, the most successful on the internet today, the attachment or link within the email is replaced with a malicious version and then sent from an email address spoofed to appear to come from the original sender. It may claim to be a resend of the original or a version to the original. Several phishing attacks have been directed specifically at senior executives and other high-profile targets within businesses, in the case of whaling, the masquerading web page/email will take a more serious executive-level form. The content will be crafted to target an upper manager and the role in the company. The content of a whaling attack email is often written as a legal subpoena, customer complaint, whaling scam emails are designed to masquerade as a critical business email, sent from a legitimate business authority. The content is meant to be tailored for upper management, whaling phishermen have also forged official-looking FBI subpoena emails, and claimed that the manager needs to click a link and install special software to view the subpoena. Most methods of phishing use some form of technical deception designed to make a link in an email appear to belong to the spoofed organization, misspelled URLs or the use of subdomains are the common tricks used by phishers. Another common trick is to make the text for a link suggest a reliable destination. Many email clients or web browsers will show previews of where a link will take the user in the left of the screen. This behaviour, however, may in some circumstances be overridden by the phisher, phishers have even started using images instead of text to make it harder for anti-phishing filters to detect text commonly used in phishing emails. However, this has led to the evolution of more sophisticated anti-phishing filters that are able to recover hidden text in images and these filters use OCR to optically scan the image and filter it. Once a victim visits the website, the deception is not over
29.
Slate (magazine)
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Slate is an online liberal / progressive magazine that covers current affairs, politics and culture in the United States. It was created in 1996 by former New Republic editor Michael Kinsley, on 21 December 2004, it was purchased by The Washington Post Company, later renamed the Graham Holdings Company. Since 4 June 2008, Slate has been managed by The Slate Group, Slate is based in New York City, with an additional office in Washington, DC. A French version was launched in February 2009 by a group of four journalists, including Jean-Marie Colombani, Eric Leser, among them, the founders hold 50% in the publishing company, while The Slate Group holds 15%. In 2011, slate. fr started a separate site covering African news, Slate Afrique, in July 2014, Julia Turner replaced David Plotz, who had been editor of Slate since 2008. Plotz had been the deputy editor to Jacob Weisberg, Slates editor from 2002 until his designation as the Chairman, the Washington Post Companys John Alderman is Slates publisher. Slate, which is updated throughout the day, covers politics, arts and culture, sports, as of mid-2015, it publishes about 1500 stories per month. Slate is also known for adopting contrarian views, giving rise to the term Slate Pitches and it is ad-supported and has been available to read free of charge since 1999, but restricted access for non-US readers via a metered paywall in 2015. Slate features regular and semi-regular columns such as Explainer, Moneybox, Spectator, Transport, many of the articles are short and argument-driven. Around 2010, the magazine began running long-form journalism. Many of the stories are an outgrowth of the Fresca Fellowships. In the context of a 2014 reader discussion, it was stated that the magazine is perceived to have left-liberal leanings, in 1998, Slate introduced a paywall-based business model that attracted up 20,000 subscribers but was abandoned afterwards. A similar subscription model would later be implemented by Slates independently owned competitor, Salon. com, on November 30,2005, Slate started a daily feature ”Todays Pictures”, featuring fifteen to twenty photographs from the archive at Magnum Photos that share a common theme. The column also features two flash animated ”Interactive Essays” a month, in June 2006, on its tenth anniversary, Slate unveiled a redesigned website. In 2007, it introduced Slate V, a video magazine with content that relates to or expands upon their written articles. In 2013, the magazine was redesigned under the guidance of Design Director Vivian Selbo, in 2011, Slate was nominated for four digital National Magazine Awards and won the NMA for General Excellence. In the same year, the laid off several high-profile journalists, including co-founder Jack Shafer. At the time, it had around 40 full-time editorial staff, the following year, a dedicated ad sales team was created
30.
FindLaw
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FindLaw is a business of Thomson Reuters that provides online legal information and online marketing services for law firms. FindLaw was created by Stacy Stern, Martin Roscheisen, and Tim Stanley in 1995, FindLaw. com is a free legal information website that helps consumers, small-business owners, students and legal professionals find answers to everyday legal questions and legal counsel when necessary. The site includes case law, state and federal statutes, a lawyer directory and it also includes a free legal dictionary and magazine called Writ, whose contributors argue, explain and debate legal matters of topical interest. FindLaw offers website development and Internet advertising services for legal professionals, FindLaw Home Page FindLaw Australia FindLaw UK FindLaw Canada
31.
The Washington Times
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The Washington Times is an American daily newspaper. It is published as a broadsheet at 3600 New York Avenue NE, Washington, the paper covers general interest topics with a particular emphasis on American politics. One of the first broadsheets in the United States to adopt color photography, its edition is distributed throughout the District of Columbia and sections of Maryland. A weekly tabloid edition aimed at an audience is also published. A typical issue includes sections for world and national news, business, politics, editorials and opinion pieces, local news, sports, entertainment, and travel. Periodically, the paper publishes large, 30–40 page special sections devoted to specific topics that include reports. It is currently owned by diversified conglomerate Operations Holdings, which is an owned subsidiary of the church. Bo Hi Pak, the aide of church founder and leader Sun Myung Moon, was the founding president. Moon asked Richard L. Rubenstein, a rabbi and college professor who had written on the Holocaust, the newspapers first editor and publisher was James R. Whelan. At the time of founding of the Times Washington had only one major newspaper, massimo Introvigne, in his 2000 book The Unification Church, said that the Post had been the most anti-Unificationist paper in the United States. The Times was founded the year after the Washington Star, the second paper of D. C. went out of business. A large percentage of the came from the Washington Star. When the Times began, it was unusual among American broadsheets in publishing a full front page, along with full color front pages in all its sections. Although USA Today used color in the way, it took several years for the Washington Post, New York Times. It ran television commercials highlighting this fact, the Washington Times also used ink that it advertised as being less likely to come off on the readers hands than the Posts. This design and its editorial content attracted real influence in Washington, when the Times began it had 125 reporters,25 percent of them Unification Church members. In 1982 the Post criticized the Times for killing critic Scott Subletts negative review of the movie Inchon, which was also sponsored by the Unification Church. A former speechwriter for President George W. Bush, David Frum, in his 2000 book How We Got Here, The 70s, wrote that Moon had granted the Times editorial independence
32.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
