1.
Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
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The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly is one of two components of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, the other being the Lieutenant Governor. The Newfoundland and Labrador General Assembly meets in the Confederation Building at St. Johns, the governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s because the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side, thus, the government chose to sit in the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold. Party leaders names are written in bold and cabinet ministers in italic, with the Speaker of the House of Assembly designated by a dagger
2.
Virginia Waters (electoral district)
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Virginia Waters is a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The district was represented by former premier Kathy Dunderdale, the district was created in 1995 from parts of the districts of Pleasantville, St. Johns East Extern and Mount Scio Road-Bell Island. Virginia Waters retained 80 per cent of its territory in the 2007 redistribution. As of 2011 there are 9,938 eligible voters living within the district, the district has elected the following Members of the House of Assembly, Elections Newfoundland and Labrador Website Website of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
3.
Kathy Dunderdale
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Kathleen Mary Margaret Kathy Dunderdale, MHA is a Canadian politician who served as the tenth Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, from December 3,2010, to January 24,2014. Dunderdale was born and raised in Burin, before entering politics she worked in the fields of community development, communications, fisheries and her first foray into politics was as a member of the Burin town council, where she served as deputy mayor. She was also a Progressive Conservative Party candidate in the 1993 general election, in the 2003 general election, Dunderdale was elected as Member of the House of Assembly for Virginia Waters. She was re-elected as MHA in the 2007 and 2011 general elections, Dunderdale became premier upon the resignation of Williams and after becoming the PC leader she led the party to victory in the October 2011 election. Dunderdale was the first female premier in the history and the sixth woman to serve as a premier in the history of Canada. Kathleen Mary Margaret Warren was born and raised in Burin, Newfoundland and Labrador by her mother Alice and father Norman, Dunderdale received a High School diploma in 1970. After attending Memorial University of Newfoundland for social work, she dropped out of university to get married and she met her late husband, Captain Peter Dunderdale, in 1972 while she was home from university for the summer. Captain Dunderdale was a British master mariner whose boat was in dry dock undergoing repairs, the couple had a son, Tom, and daughter, Sarah, together and Dunderdale was a stay-at-home mom during their formative years, while her husband sailed the world. When her children older, she worked away from home in many different volunteer roles. In the early 1980s, Dunderdale was on a committee that successfully lobbied Fishery Products International to reverse a decision to shut down its Burin fish plant. The committee was successful and the plant remains in operation and she worked as a social worker with the provincial Department of Social Services, and accepted an offer to be part of an appeals board for inshore fishers after the cod moratorium. Dunderdale served on the Burin town council and worked with an array of organizations, including the school board. She help found Women in Resource Development Corporation in 1997, an organization works to get women involved in the trades and technology sector in Newfoundland. In 1995, she and her husband moved to St. Johns and her husband was diagnosed with prostate cancer and died in 2006 at age 56. Dunderdale was elected to the Burin town council in 1985, Dunderdale was the Progressive Conservative Candidate in the district of Fortune-Hermitage in the 1993 provincial election. In the 1995 Progressive Conservative leadership election Dunderdale served as co-chair of Lynn Verges successful campaign, following the election she was brought into cabinet as Minister of Innovation, Trade and Rural Development, and Minister Responsible for the Rural Secretariat. In a July 5,2006, cabinet shuffle Williams appointed Dunderdale as the Minister of Natural Resources and she was re-elected in the 2007 general election taking 73% of the popular vote against three other candidates. From February 1,2010, to March 15,2010, Dunderdale assumed the duties as acting Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, during her time as the Minister of Natural Resources she negotiated and signed several multibillion-dollar development deals
4.
Corner Brook
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For the submarine, see HMCS Corner Brook. Corner Brook is a city located on the west coast of the island of Newfoundland in Newfoundland and Labrador, located on the Bay of Islands at the mouth of the Humber River, the city is the largest population centre in the province after St. Johns. As such, Corner Brook functions as a centre for western and northern Newfoundland. It is located on the latitude as Gaspé, Quebec. Corner Brook is the most northern city in Atlantic Canada and it is the administrative headquarters of the Qalipu Mikmaq First Nations band government. The Mikmaq name for the nearby Humber River is Maqtukwek, the area was surveyed by Captain James Cook in 1767. The Captain James Cook Historic Site stands on Crow Hill overlooking the city, by the middle of the 19th century the population of Corner Brook was less than 100, and the inhabitants were engaged in fishing and lumber work. In 1956, these four communities were amalgamated to form the present-day City of Corner Brook, Corner Brook is home to the Corner Brook Pulp & Paper Mill, which is a major employer for the region. The city has the largest regional hospital in western Newfoundland and it also has a wide array of shopping and retail businesses and federal and provincial government offices. It is also home to Grenfell Campus, Memorial University, as well as campuses of Academy Canada, Corner Brook is also home to the provinces newest high school, Corner Brook Regional High, which is an amalgamation of the former Regina and Herdman Collegiate high schools. Corner Brook is home to Marble Mountain Ski Resort, a skiing resort, and Blow-Me-Down trails. The Corner Brook Royals currently play in the West Coast Senior Hockey League and were the winners of the 1986 National Title, the Royals play their home games at the Corner Brook Civic Centre, formerly the Canada Games Centre. The arena was built in 1997 and was one of the venues used when the city of Corner Brook hosted the 1999 Canada Games. Corner Brook was host of the 2011 Special Olympics Provincial Winter Games from February 18–20, the city also twice hosted Raid the North Extreme, a televised 6-day multi-sport expedition race held in wilderness locations across Canada, and was a leg of the ITU World Cup Triathlon. Corner Brook is home to Grenfell Campus, Memorial University where a strong, Corner Brook Arts and Culture Centre among other institutions thrive in promoting the arts on all levels from visual arts to theatre and well beyond. Corner Brook is home to Stage West Theatre Festival, a theatre festival running through the month of July, and Gros Morne Summer Music. The March Hare literary festival occurs every March and celebrates poetry and written works from around the world, featuring poets from around Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and the world. Atlantic Canadas largest poetry festival was founded in the late 1980s by poet and playwright Al Pittman, in April, the April Rabbit showcases new and young writers
5.
Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland and Labrador is the most easterly province of Canada. Situated in the countrys Atlantic region, it comprises the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador to the northwest, in 2013, the provinces population was estimated at 526,702. About 92% of the population lives on the island of Newfoundland. The province is Canadas most linguistically homogeneous, with 97. 6% of residents reporting English as their mother tongue in the 2006 census, historically, Newfoundland was also home to unique varieties of French and Irish, as well as the extinct Beothuk language. In Labrador, local dialects of Innu-aimun and Inuktitut are also spoken, Newfoundland and Labradors capital and largest city, St. Johns, is Canadas 20th-largest census metropolitan area and is home to almost 40 percent of the provinces population. St. Johns is the seat of government, home to the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador and to the highest court in the jurisdiction and it became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation on March 31,1949, as Newfoundland. On December 6,2001, an amendment was made to the Constitution of Canada to change the official name to Newfoundland. The name Newfoundland is a translation of the Portuguese Terra Nova, the influence of early Portuguese exploration is also reflected in the name of Labrador, which derives from the surname of the Portuguese navigator João Fernandes Lavrador. Newfoundland and Labrador is the most easterly province in Canada, and is located at the corner of North America. The Strait of Belle Isle separates the province into two divisions, Labrador, which is a large area of mainland Canada, and Newfoundland. The province also includes over 7,000 tiny islands, each side is about 400 km long, and its area is 108,860 km2. Newfoundland and its small islands have a total area of 111,390 km2. Newfoundland extends between latitudes 46°36′N and 51°38′N, Labrador is an irregular shape, the western part of its border with Quebec is the drainage divide of the Labrador Peninsula. Lands drained by rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean are part of Labrador, most of Labradors southern boundary with Quebec follows the 52nd parallel of latitude. Labradors extreme northern tip, at 60°22′N, shares a border with Nunavut. Together, Newfoundland and Labrador make up 4. 06% of Canadas area, Labrador is the easternmost part of the Canadian Shield, a vast area of ancient metamorphic rock comprising much of northeastern North America. Colliding tectonic plates have shaped much of the geology of Newfoundland, gros Morne National Park has a reputation as an outstanding example of tectonics at work, and as such has been designated a World Heritage Site. The Long Range Mountains on Newfoundlands west coast are the northeasternmost extension of the Appalachian Mountains, the north-south extent of the province, prevalent westerly winds, cold ocean currents and local factors such as mountains and coastline combine to create the various climates of the province
6.
Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
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The Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador is a political party in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada and the provincial wing of the Liberal Party of Canada. It has served as the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador since December 14,2015, the party originated in 1948 as the Newfoundland Confederate Association. At this time, Newfoundland was being governed by a Commission of Government appointed by the Government of the United Kingdom, the NCA was an organization campaigning for Newfoundland to join Canadian confederation. Joey Smallwood was the NCAs chief organizer and spokesman, and led the side of the 1948 Newfoundland referendum on Confederation. Following the referendum victory, the NCA reorganized itself as the new provinces Liberal Party under Smallwoods leadership and it won the provinces first post-Confederation election for the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly held on May 27,1949. The Liberals under Smallwood promoted the diversification of the economy through various megaprojects. These projects were very expensive, and yielded few results. Smallwood led the province virtually unchallenged for two decades, during which he never faced more than eight opposition MHAs, however, by the late 1960s, disaffection with the increasingly autocratic Smallwood and his government mounted within the province. Smallwood brought several younger Liberals into government during this time, and he announced his retirement in 1969, only to run in the contest to succeed himself. Smallwood defeated John Crosbie for the leadership, Crosbie along with many young Liberals defected to the opposition Progressive Conservatives. The Progressive Conservatives had previously found support largely in the business community, frank Moores Conservatives attempted to form government but its shaky hold on power resulted in the 1972 general election in which Smallwoods Liberals were conclusively, if narrowly, defeated. Smallwood was forced out of the party, and formed his own Newfoundland Reform Liberal Party, which ran in the 1975 general election against the Liberals, the Liberals were badly split and demoralised, and remained on the opposition benches until 1989. In the 1989 provincial election the Liberals returned to power under Clyde Wells, despite their majority win the Progressive Conservatives narrowly won the popular vote, winning 47. 6% of the vote compared to 47.2 for the Liberals. Wells rose to prominence in early 1990 for his opposition to the Meech Lake constitutional Accord. In September 1990, Wells signed a development agreement for the Hibernia project, thereby laying the foundation for the oil and gas industry. When Wells retired in 1996, he was replaced by former federal Liberal cabinet minister Brian Tobin, Tobin returned to federal politics in 2000, after only four years as Premier. Less than two years into his second mandate Tobin announced his resignation as premier on October 16,2000, tobins Deputy Premier Beaton Tulk was sworn in as his successor the same day and served as premier till a leadership convention could be held the new year. Minister of Health Roger Grimes, Fisheries Minister John Efford and Mines, Grimes and Efford were the perceived frontrunners in the leadership race and were considered to be very different candidates with different strengths
7.
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
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St. Johns is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador. It is on the tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland. St. Johns covers 446.04 square kilometres and is North Americas most easterly city, excluding those of Greenland. Its name has been attributed to the Nativity of John the Baptist, existing on maps as early as 1519, it is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It was officially incorporated as a city in 1888, the city has a rich history, having played a role in the Seven Years War, the French and Indian War, the American Revolutionary War, and the War of 1812. Italian inventor, Guglielmo Marconi received the first transatlantic wireless signal in St. Johns and its history and culture have made it one of the worlds top ocean-side tourist destinations. St. Johns is one of North Americas oldest settlements, with setting up seasonal camps in the early 16th century. Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that St. However, the earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. Johns in 1527 he found Norman, Breton, on 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of his voyage to North America, this was the first known letter sent from North America. St. Jehan is shown on Nicholas Desliens world map of 1541 and it was during this time that Water Street was first developed, making it the oldest street in North America. On 5 August 1583, an English Sea Dog, Sir Humphrey Gilbert claimed the area as Englands first overseas colony under Royal Charter of Queen Elizabeth I. There was no permanent population, however, and Gilbert was lost at sea during his return voyage, the Newfoundland National War Memorial is on the waterfront in St. Johns, at the purported site of Gilberts landing and proclamation. By 1620, the fishermen of Englands West Country controlled most of Newfoundlands east coast, in 1627, William Payne, called St. Johns the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country. Sometime after 1630, the town of St. Johns was established as a permanent community, before this they were expressly forbidden by the British government, at the urging of the West Country fishing industry, from establishing permanent settlements along the English controlled coast. The population grew slowly in the 17th century, St. Johns was Newfoundlands largest settlement when English naval officers began to take censuses around 1675, the population grew in the summers with the arrival of migratory fishermen. In 1680, fishing ships set up fishing rooms at St. Johns, the towns first significant defenses were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. Johns by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants fended off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when it was defended by Christopher Martin, Martin landed six cannons from his vessel, the Elias Andrews, and constructed an earthen breastwork and battery near Chain Rock commanding the Narrows leading into the harbour. With only 23 men, the valiant Martin beat off an attack by three Dutch warships, when 1500 English reinforcements arrived in late 1697, they found rubble where the town and fortifications had stood
8.
Canadians
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Canadians are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural, for most Canadians, several of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada, Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States. Canadian independence from the United Kingdom grew gradually over the course of years since the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. World War I and World War II in particular gave rise to a desire among Canadians to have their country recognized as a sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Canadas nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom, legislation since the mid 20th century represents Canadians commitment to multilateralism and socioeconomic development. As of 2010, Canadians make up 0. 5% of the total population, having relied upon immigration for population growth. Approximately 41% of current Canadians are first- or second-generation immigrants, and 20 percent of Canadian residents in the 2000s were not born in the country. Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, nearly one-half of Canadians above the age of 15 will be foreign-born or have one foreign-born parent. Aboriginal peoples, according to the 2011 Canadian Census, numbered at 1,400,685 or 4. 3% of the countrys 33,476,688 population. The French originally settled New France, in present-day Quebec and Ontario, approximately 100 Irish-born families would settle the Saint Lawrence Valley by 1700, assimilating into the Canadien population and culture. This arrival of newcomers led to the creation of the Métis, after the War of 1812, British, Scottish and Irish immigration was encouraged throughout Ruperts Land, Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Between 1815 and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America and these new arrivals included some Gaelic-speaking Highland Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances to Nova Scotia. Descendants of Francophone and Anglophone northern Europeans who arrived in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries are often referred to as old stock Canadians. Beginning in the late 1850s, the immigration of Chinese into the Colony of Vancouver Island, the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 eventually placed a head tax on all Chinese immigrants, in hopes of discouraging Chinese immigration after completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The population of Canada has consistently risen, doubling approximately every 40 years, from the mid- to late 19th century, Canada had a policy of assisting immigrants from Europe, including an estimated 100,000 unwanted Home Children from Britain. Block settlement communities were established throughout western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, some were planned and others were spontaneously created by the settlers themselves. Canada was now receiving a number of European immigrants, predominantly Italians, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Poles
9.
Diploma
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In some countries, e. g. the United Kingdom and Australia, the word diploma also refers to an academic award. Historically, it can refer to a charter or official document, thus diplomatic, diplomat. Alternatively, this document can simply be referred to as a certificate or graduation certificate. The certificate that a Nobel laureate receives is also called a diploma, the term diploma is also used in some historical contexts, to refer to documents signed by a King affirming a grant or tenure of specified land and its conditions. It is typically completed with 12 to 18 months of full-time study, when accepted for credit as part of a bachelors degree, it is usually deemed to be equivalent to the first year of the degree. An Advanced Diploma, which is equivalent to an Australian Associate Degree, a Graduate Diploma, which is undertaken after completing a bachelors degree. This can be in a other than that covered by said degree. It can also be a coursework-only qualification undertaken as additional study in a specialisation within ones degree area, the Vocational Graduate Diploma was a short lived AQF qualification equivalent to the Graduate Diploma, intended to be delivered exclusively in the VET sector. On January 1,2015, all such qualifications being offered lost the word Vocational from their title, in Ontario, Canada, diplomas are awarded by colleges of applied arts and technology whereas bachelor degrees are awarded by universities. In Canada, depending on the legislation, there may also be a difference between a college and a university. In Greece, diplomas can be awarded by educational institutes as a proof of an educational level. In Hong Kong, advanced diploma, higher diploma, and associate degree are below the standard of the bachelors degree. Certificate and diploma are below the standard of advanced diploma, higher diploma, Postgraduate Certificates and Postgraduate Diplomas are taken after the bachelors degree, and are more vocational oriented than a masters degree. In India, a diploma is an academic award usually earned in professional/vocational courses, e. g. Diploma in Nursing Engineering, Pharmacy, Design. Also, a diploma is concentrated for the area of study, for example, a Diploma in Engineering of Electronics Engineering may be in Advanced Communication Systems or Integrated Circuits or Industrial Electronics. On successful completion of Parts I and II Technician Examination of Institution of Mechanical Engineers, similarly Diploma in Engineering of Civil Engineering is rated differently than Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering but is equivalent to Bachelor of Science in Geology. Another example of a diploma concentrated for the area of study is Diploma in Engineering of Civil Engineering, on successful completion of Parts I and II Technician Examination of Institution of Civil Engineers, it is equivalent to Diploma in Civil Engineering as per a government of India circular. Successful completion of the Diploma Studies allows articulation into the year of Bachelor of Engineering/Bachelor of Technology programs
10.
Ronald McDonald House Charities
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Ronald McDonald House Charities is an independent nonprofit organization whose stated mission is to create, find, and support programs that directly improve the health and well-being of children. Gerald Newman, Chief Accounting Officer for McDonalds Corporation, was one of the founders of Ronald McDonald Childrens Charities and was president of R. M. H. C. RMHC has a network of Chapters in 63 countries and regions under three core programs, Ronald McDonald House, Ronald McDonald Family Room and Ronald McDonald Care Mobile. There are currently 365 Ronald McDonalds Houses in 42 countries and regions, Ronald McDonald Houses act as a place to stay for families with hospitalized children under 21 years of age, who are being treated at nearby hospitals and medical facilities. Ronald McDonalds Houses provide over 7,200 bedrooms to families around the world each night, there are currently 214 Ronald McDonalds Family Rooms in 24 countries and regions. These Rooms accommodate over 3,000 families each day who live in the community and they provide a safe place for family members to rest, wash clothes, take a shower, or nap near the vicinity of their child. There are currently 50 Ronald McDonalds Care Mobiles in 9 countries, Ronald McDonald Care Mobiles are mobile clinics that offer health care for children in their own neighborhoods at no cost to the families. The program serves more than 100,000 children a year, the Ronald McDonalds Learning Program was formed in 1997 to help children who had suffered minor illness and returned to school. The stated mission of the program is to provide support to these children who have fallen behind in their education. The Ronald McDonald Learning Program is the program of its kind in Australia. The program now works with over 1000 students each week, the program was first piloted in 1997 by Tracey Webster. In 1991, the 150th Ronald McDonalds House opened, in Paris, on July 25,2005, the 250th opened, in Caracas, Venezuela currently closed. The first in-hospital Ronald McDonald House in APMEA opened at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand, currently there are 324 Ronald McDonalds Houses in 17 countries. The first Ronald McDonald House was opened in Australia in Camperdown, the number of Houses has since fallen to 15. It has since affected 100,000 families and houses up to 260 families per night, each House is unattached to a major Childrens or Womens hospital. Each House has an independent board that manages its own day-to-day generated funding, other RMHC Australia activities include Poor Family Rooms in 14 hospitals. RMHC Australia also operates Family Retreats that disable families of children to take a holiday for a week. The retreats are located in Ocean Grove, Victoria, Jurien Bay and Bunbury, Western Australia, Forster, New South Wales, the Ronald McDonald Learning Program assists normal ill children to catch up with misinformed education while staying in hospital
11.
Austerity
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In most macroeconomic models austerity measures generally increase unemployment as government spending falls, reducing jobs in the public and/or private sector. Meanwhile, tax increases reduce household disposable income, thus reducing spending, countries which have benefited from austerity such as Ireland have in subsequent research shown to have suffered. Since government spending contributes to the Gross Domestic Product, reducing the spending may result in a higher debt-to-GDP ratio, in the case of excess capacity, however, the stimulus may result in an increase in employment and output. Austerity measures are typically pursued if there is a threat that a government cannot honour its debt obligations and this may occur when a government has borrowed in foreign currencies, or if it has been legally forbidden from issuing its own currency. International financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund may demand austerity measures as part of Structural Adjustment Programmes when acting as lender of last resort. Austerity policies may also appeal to the class of creditors, who prefer low inflation. More recently austerity has been pursued after governments became highly indebted by assuming private debts following banking crises, Austerity is grounded in liberal economists views that state and sovereign debt are deeply problematic. On the basis of classic liberal ideas austerity emerged as a doctrine of neoliberalism in the 20th Century, economist David M Kotz suggests that the implementation of austerity measures following the financial crisis of 2007–08 was an attempt to preserve the neoliberal capitalist model. In the 1930s during the Great Depression, anti-austerity arguments gained more prominence, john Maynard Keynes became a well known anti-austerity economist, arguing that The boom, not the slump, is the right time for austerity at the Treasury. Contemporary Keynesian and New Keynesian economists argue that budget deficits are appropriate when an economy is in recession, to reduce unemployment, according to Paul Krugman, since a government is not like a household, reductions in government spending during economic downturns worsen the crisis. Across an economy, one persons spending is another persons income, in other words, if everyone is trying to reduce their spending, the economy can be trapped in what economists call the paradox of thrift, worsening the recession as GDP falls. An important component of economic output is business investment, but there is no reason to expect it to stabilize at full utilization of the economys resources, high business profits do not necessarily lead to increased economic growth. Economists Kenneth S. Rogoff and Carmen M and our consistent advice has been to avoid withdrawing fiscal stimulus too quickly, a position identical to that of most mainstream economists. To help improve the U. S.9 and 1.7. In other words, a 1% GDP fiscal consolidation would reduce GDP between 0. 9% and 1. 7%, in so doing inflicting far more economic damage than the 0.5 previously estimated in IMF forecasts. In many countries, little is known about the size of multipliers, for these countries, Nicoletta Batini, Luc Eyraud and Anke Weber propose a simple method — dubbed the bucket approach — to come up with reasonable multiplier estimates. Different tax and spending choices of equal magnitude have different economic effects, For example, congressional Budget Office estimated that the payroll tax has a higher multiplier than does the income tax. In other words, raising the tax by $1 as part of an austerity strategy would slow the economy more than would raising the income tax by $1
12.
Gaslighting
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Gaslighting is a form of manipulation that seeks to sow seeds of doubt in a targeted individual or members of a group, hoping to make targets question their own memory, perception, and sanity. Using persistent denial, misdirection, contradiction, and lying, it attempts to destabilize the target, instances may range from the denial by an abuser that previous abusive incidents ever occurred up to the staging of bizarre events by the abuser with the intention of disorienting the victim. The term owes its origin to Gas Light, a 1938 play and 1944 film and it has been used in clinical and research literature. The original title stems from the dimming of the gas lights in the house that happened when the husband was using the gas lights in the attic while searching for hidden treasure. The wife accurately notices the lights and discusses the phenomenon. The term gaslighting has been used colloquially since the 1960s, to describe efforts to manipulate someones sense of reality, sociopaths and narcissists frequently use gaslighting tactics. Sociopaths consistently transgress social mores, break laws, and exploit others, but typically also are convincing liars, sometimes charming ones, thus, some who have been victimized by sociopaths may doubt their own perceptions. Some physically abusive spouses may gaslight their partners by flatly denying that they have been violent, Gaslighting may occur in parent–child relationships, with either parent, child, or both, lying to each other and attempting to undermine perceptions. Gaslighting describes a dynamic observed in cases of marital infidelity. The gaslighting behaviors of the spouse provide a recipe for the nervous breakdown for some women suicide in some of the worst situations. The situation was a theme in the BBCs The Archers radio soap opera through the story of Helen Archer and Rob Titchenor in 2015-6. Psychotherapy and psychiatry have been described as forms of gaslighting wherein the therapist or psychiatrist is characterized by the patient to be of a more sound, furthermore, gaslighting has been observed between patients and staff in inpatient psychiatric facilities. Of painful and potentially painful mental conflicts, dorpat describes this as an example of projective identification. With respect to women in particular, Hilde Lindemann argued emphatically that in such cases, establishment of counterstories may help the victim reacquire ordinary levels of free agency. Gaslighting has been used by Russian politicians, british film-maker Adam Curtis suggested in 2014 that nonlinear or asymmetric war was a form of gaslighting intended to force political control. Surkov used his influence to finance various political coalitions so none of the Russian citizens could know if an organization was created by the government or a grassroots movement, in fact, I would never dream of saying X. had brought new notability to the term. Some Clinical Consequences of Introjection, Gaslighting, dialogues of Doubt, The Psychology of Self-Doubt and Emotional Gaslighting in Adult Women and Men. Gaslighting, How to Drive Your Enemies Crazy, the Gaslight Effect, How to Spot and Survive the Hidden Manipulation Others Use to Control Your Life
13.
Ryan Cleary
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Ronald E. Ryan Cleary is a Canadian politician and journalist from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. He was the Member of Parliament for St. Johns South—Mount Pearl from 2011 to 2015, born in Gander and raised in Riverhead, Harbour Grace, and Bay Roberts, Cleary graduated from the journalism program at the Stephenville campus of the College of the North Atlantic in 1989. On May 2,2011, Cleary was elected to the House of Commons as a member of the New Democratic Party in the 2011 election, as a journalist, Cleary covered most of the major events in Newfoundland and Labrador over the past two decades. He was fisheries reporter for The Telegram in 1992 when the moratorium was first introduced on northern cod and he also worked as a political and investigative reporter and has won numerous journalism awards and accolades throughout his career. Cleary was the editor-in-chief of The Independent newspaper and was known for his outspoken and controversial articles. For example, Cleary claimed in his columns that Quebec had too much power in Canadian government institutions and said that Canadas top two problems were Quebec and Quebec. ”When The Independent went out of business he went on to host Nightline, a VOCM radio call in program. Cleary also worked for The Newfoundland Herald, NTV, and Time Magazine, Cleary first entered politics when he became the New Democratic Party candidate in the riding of St. Johns South—Mount Pearl in the October 2008 federal election. His candidacy led to controversy for him and NDP leader Jack Layton for comments Cleary had written only a couple of years before when he was a journalist. Despite his late entrance into the campaign and his previous comments he still managed to place a second in the riding. On September 17,2009, the New Democrats nominated Cleary as their candidate in St. Johns South-Mount Pearl for the federal election. In October 2010, Cleary announced that he would withdraw his candidacy and he stated that being a political candidate has created a conflict with his journalism work and that he wished to continue with his journalism career. He also noted that he had severed all ties with the NDP, however, in March 2011 with the announcement of a federal election, Cleary said he would return to run for the NDP again. On May 2, Cleary defeated Liberal Siobhán Coady receiving 18,332 votes to Coadys 10,670, in the 2015 federal election, Cleary was defeated by Liberal Seamus ORegan. On election night, NDP leader Tom Mulcair called Cleary his “political hero” and he also supports ending the NDPs association with trade unions. On October 30, Cleary announced that he would seek the nomination in the electoral district of Windsor Lake. He won the Progressive Conservative nomination but was defeated in the election by Liberal incumbent Cathy Bennett. Ryan Cleary – Parliament of Canada biography
14.
Newfoundland and Labrador New Democratic Party
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The Newfoundland and Labrador New Democratic Party is a social democratic political party in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is a section of the federal New Democratic Party. It was formed in 1961 as the successor to the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, the party first contested the 1962 provincial election. Lorraine Michael was elected leader of the NL NDP at the leadership election on May 28,2006. She led the party during the 2007 and 2011 general elections, in the 2011 election a record five NDP MHAs were elected under her leadership. Michael was succeeded by former Fish, Food and Allied Workers Union president, the NL NDP is the successor party to the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. The Newfoundland CCF was founded in 1955 when Sam Drover, a member of the Newfoundland House of Assembly for White Bay who left the provincial Liberal Party to sit as a member of the CCF. Drover became leader of the new party, which fielded ten candidates, mostly in rural districts. The CCF party failed to win any seats, Drover lost his own riding, winning 237 votes to the Liberal candidates 1,437, the CCF did not run candidates in the 1959 election, but supported the Newfoundland Democratic Party. The Newfoundland Democratic Party ran eighteen candidates, none of whom was elected, the party was led by Ed Finn, Jr. and Calvin Normore. In 1961, the federal New Democratic Party was founded in with the merger of the federal CCF, the Newfoundland Democratic Party followed suit becoming the Newfoundland New Democratic Party with Finn leading the NL NDP into the 1962 provincial election and Normore doing so in 1966. Since the 1962 general election, the party has run candidates in all of Newfoundland, from 1962 to 1984 the party was led by seven different leaders and contested seven provincial elections. The party won an average of 3. 3% of the vote in elections and were unable to elect a candidate to the Newfoundland. Peter Fenwick succeeded Fonse Faour as party leader in 1981, in a 1984 by-election, Fenwick won the Labrador riding of Menihek becoming the first New Democrat to be elected in the province. In the 1985 general election the party won 14 per cent of the popular vote, even with their successful results Fenwick was the only NL NDP candidate elected. In 1986, Gene Long won the second seat in a by-election in the riding of St. Johns East. Also that year Fenwick was arrested, along with union representatives, Fenwick retired from politics in 1989 and did not run in that years election. Cle Newhook replaced Fenwick as party leader and the NL NDP was once again left without representation after the 1989 election when both ridings they had held were won by Progressive Conservatives
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Swing (politics)
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An electoral swing analysis shows the extent of change in voter support, typically from one election to another, expressed as a positive or negative percentage. A multi-party swing is an indicator of a change in the preference between candidates or parties. A swing can be calculated for the electorate as a whole, a swing is particularly useful for analysing change in voter support over time, or as a tool for predicting the outcome of elections in constituency-based systems. A swing is calculated by comparing the percentage of the vote in an election to the percentage of the vote belonging to the same party or candidate at the previous election. One-party swing = Percentage of vote − percentage of vote, examples include the comparison between the 2006 and 2007 Ukrainian Parliamentary elections and the win of AAP in the 2015 Delhi elections. The above charts show the change in support for each of the six major political parties by electoral district. In many nation states media, including in Australia and the United Kingdom, an assumption underlies extrapolated national calculations, that all districts will experience the same swing as shown in a poll or in a places results. The term swing makes reference in Australia, to wit in the voting system. The UK uses the two-party swing, adding one partys increase in share of the vote to the percentage-point fall of another party, so if Party Ones vote rises by 4 points and Party Twos vote falls 5 points, the swing is 4.5 points. For disambiguation suffixes such as, must be added where three parties stand, otherwise a problem when deciding which swing is meant and which swing is best to publish arises where a lower party takes first or second, or where a party loses one of the top two places. By contrast, a state is the direct equivalent of a safe seat. The extent of change in outcome is heavily influenced by the voting system in use. Some websites provide a pie chart based or column-based multi party swingometer where ± x%, ± x%, ± x% and this tool or illustration provides likely outcomes wherever more than two political parties have a significant influence on which politicians are elected
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CBC News
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Founded in 1941, CBC News is the largest news broadcaster in Canada and has local, regional and national broadcasts and stations. It works closely with, but is separate from, Le Téléjournal, the distinctive music on all CBC television news programs was introduced in 2006. It was part of the rebranding of all news programming under the CBC News title. Most local newscasts on CBC Television are currently branded as CBC News, such as CBC News, CBC Radio News produces on-the-hour updates for the CBCs national radio stations and provides content for regional updates. The majority of news and information is aired on CBC Radio One, CBC News Online is the CBCs CBC. ca news website. Launched in 1996, it was named one of the most popular websites in Canada in 2012. The website provides regional, national, and international coverage, and arts and entertainment. Many reports are accompanied by podcasting, audio and video from the CBCs television, in November 2005, the CBC News Weather Centre was established to cover local and international weather, using in part data provided by Environment Canada. Claire Martin was hired to serve as the face of the Weather Centre. The weather section of CBC. ca has been phased out in favour of forecasts from The Weather Network, CBC News provides the following television programs. Several conservative outlets and politicians have accused the CBC of bias in its news coverage, including the National Post, former prime minister Stephen Harper and columnist Barbara Amiel. In 2009, CBC President Hubert Lacroix commissioned a study to determine whether its news was biased and he said, Our job — and we take it seriously — is to ensure that the information that we put out is fair and unbiased in everything that we do. The study, the methodology of which was not specified, was due to results in the fall of 2010. In April 2010, the Conservatives accused pollster Frank Graves of giving advice to the Liberal Party of Canada. Graves directed a number of public research projects on behalf of the CBC as well as other media organizations. An investigation conducted by the CBC ombudsman found no evidence to support these allegations and we believe that it is our obligation to report fairly and truthfully. The CBC sets out to maintain its accuracy, integrity and fairness in its journalism, as a Canadian institution and a press undertaking, CBC set out the Journalistic Standards and Practices and works in compliance with these principles. Balanced viewpoints must be presented through on-the-air discussions, as it is with other public and private journalistic undertakings, credibility in the eyes of the general population is seen as the corporations most valuable asset
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Susan Sullivan
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Susan Michaela Sullivan is an American actress with credits in daytime and primetime programs. Sullivan was born in New York City, the daughter of Helen and Brendan Sullivan and she was raised in the Long Island village of Freeport, Nassau County, New York, where she graduated from Freeport High School in 1960. She earned a BA in drama from Hofstra University in 1964 and she got her acting start in the 1960s playing opposite Dustin Hoffman in the Broadway play Jimmy Shine. She landed a contract with Universal Studios in 1969, guest-starring on several shows and it was during this time that she played parts in daytime dramas. Starting with a role on A World Apart in 1970, she moved to a stint as Lenore Moore Curtin Delaney on the daytime soap opera Another World. Taking over from Judith Barcroft, Sullivan played the role from 1971 to 1976 and she played Charlton Hestons girlfriend Ann, a new character written into the TV version of the film Midway in 1976. She played the role of Maggie Porter in the television drama Rich Man, during a week in 1977, she was a panelist on Match Game, both on CBS & syndication. In 1980, she appeared on the sitcom Its a Living, playing head waitress Lois Adams, in 1981, Sullivan won the role of Maggie Gioberti in the CBS primetime soap drama Falcon Crest, replacing Samantha Eggar, who had appeared in the original pilot. The series became a hit and Maggie became Sullivans most prominent role to date. She appeared on the series from 1981 to 1989, during which time she was nominated for three Soap Opera Digest awards, at the time Sullivan decided to leave the show in 1989, she had appeared in every episode of the series up to that date. Sullivan appeared in the first episode of season nine, when her character drowned, on Dharma & Greg, she played the snooty country-club matriarch, Kitty Montgomery, from 1997 to 2002. The series reunited Sullivan with actor Mitchell Ryan, with whom she had worked on Having Babies and she appeared in four episodes in season three of Hope and Faith as Nancy Lombard, Faiths therapist. Sullivan voiced Queen Hippolyta in the television series Justice League Unlimited. She has also appeared in the television series Brothers & Sisters, Joan of Arcadia and Two, from 2009 to 2016, she co-starred alongside Nathan Fillion, Stana Katic, and Molly Quinn in Castle. Her character Martha Rodgers acting career has somewhat paralleled her own, a clip of Sullivans appearance in the pilot film for The Incredible Hulk has been shown onscreen, alleged to be Rodgers appearance on the series. Susan Sullivan at the Internet Movie Database Susan Sullivan at the Internet Broadway Database Susan Sullivan at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
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Gerry Byrne (politician)
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Gerry Byrne, PC MHA is a Canadian politician who was a Liberal Member of Parliament from 1996 to 2015 representing Humber—St. Barbe—Baie Verte, Newfoundland and Labrador, and a minister in the government of Jean Chretien. He is currently the MHA for Corner Brook, and provincial cabinet minister A. E. S Byrne received a Bachelor of Science in environmental science from Dalhousie University. Byrne has been a Member of Parliament since 1996 when he won a by-election in the province of Newfoundland, Tobin resigned to run in the 1996 Newfoundland provincial election for Premier. He was re-elected in the 1997,2000,2004,2006,2008, in the 2006 election he had one of the highest margins of victory in Atlantic Canada. Byrne did not stand in the 2015 election and retired from parliament and he was Minister of State for the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency from 2002 to 2003. During his Cabinet post he served a long side fellow Liberal MP, when Paul Martin became Prime Minister in 2003 Byrne was not assigned back to his former Cabinet post and was succeeded by Joe McGuire. On January 25,2010, Fisheries Minister, Gail Shea was pied while giving a speech at the Canada Centre for Inland Waters, an American PETA activist, Emily McCoy, was later arrested in Burlington, charged with assault in connection with the incident. PETA has taken responsibility for the incident, saying that it was part of a broader campaign against the Canadian Governments support of the seal hunt. In response to the pieing of the Fisheries Minister, Byrne denounced the attack on the minister as an act of terrorism. ”In response to his interpretation of Canadian law, PETA president Ingrid Newkirk said Byrnes reaction was a silly, chest-beating exercise. In the Liberal Partys 2006 leadership election, Byrne started out supporting Maurizio Bevilacqua, Ignatieff placed second in the race to winner Stéphane Dion. Ignatieff became Leader of the Liberal Party two years later, and was supported by Byrne. In the Liberal Partys 2013 leadership election, Byrne supported Montreal MP Justin Trudeau, in the provincial Liberal Partys 2013 leadership race, Byrne supported Humber Valley MHA Dwight Ball. Gerry Byrnes Webpage Gerry Byrne – Parliament of Canada biography
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