Cavaedium or atrium are Latin names for the principal room of an ancient Roman house, which usually had a central opening in the roof (compluvium) and a rainwater pool (impluvium) beneath it. The cavaedium passively collected, filtered, stored, and cooled rainwater. It also daylit, passively cooled and passively ventilated the house.
The well-preserved Tuscan atrium in the House of Menander, Pompeii. Note lararium in far corner by the stairs. Inwards-sloping roof supported by clear-span beams. View is through the tablinum, towards the front door.
The larger tetrastyle atrium of the Villa San Marco, Stabiae; four pillars support the roof. The central niche is the lararium; the two blocks of limestone (behind the pillar with the near-intact stucco) supported the arca, a strongbox or safe.
Tablelegs, puteal, and opus sectile impluvium, House of Publius Servilius Casca Longus (close-up)
The view over the impluvium, through the tablinum, and into the peristyle; the pillars, wallpaintings, and stonework were designed make this view impressive. House of Menander (view of the same room as the lead image of this article, but in the opposite direction).
Lucius Caecilius Iucundus was a banker who lived in the Roman town of Pompeii around AD 14–62. His house still stands and can be seen in the ruins of the city of Pompeii which remain after being partially destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79. The house is known both for its frescoes and for the trove of wax tablets discovered there in 1875, which gave scholars access to the records of Iucundus' banking operations.
Portrait bust found in the atrium of the house of Iucundus, one of two thought to depict him
This bas-relief from the lararium of the House of Lucius Caecilius Iucundus shows damage to Pompeii's Temple of Jupiter, during the earthquake of AD 62 in which Iucundus is thought to have died.
Drawing of the handwriting from one of the tablets found in Iucundus' house (CIL IV, 3340), concerning a fullery.