1.
Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
2.
University of Chicago
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The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It holds top-ten positions in national and international rankings and measures. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,700 students in the College, Chicagos physics department helped develop the worlds first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the viewing stands of universitys Stagg Field. The university is home to the University of Chicago Press. With an estimated date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the university. Both Harper and future president Robert Maynard Hutchins advocated for Chicagos curriculum to be based upon theoretical and perennial issues rather than on applied sciences, the University of Chicago has many prominent alumni. 92 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with the university as professors, students, faculty, or staff, similarly,34 faculty members and 16 alumni have been awarded the MacArthur “Genius Grant”. Rockefeller on land donated by Marshall Field, while the Rockefeller donation provided money for academic operations and long-term endowment, it was stipulated that such money could not be used for buildings. The original physical campus was financed by donations from wealthy Chicagoans like Silas B, Cobb who provided the funds for the campus first building, Cobb Lecture Hall, and matched Marshall Fields pledge of $100,000. Organized as an independent institution legally, it replaced the first Baptist university of the same name, william Rainey Harper became the modern universitys first president on July 1,1891, and the university opened for classes on October 1,1892. The business school was founded thereafter in 1898, and the law school was founded in 1902, Harper died in 1906, and was replaced by a succession of three presidents whose tenures lasted until 1929. During this period, the Oriental Institute was founded to support, in 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois. The agreement provided that either party could terminate the affiliation on proper notice, several University of Chicago professors disliked the program, as it involved uncompensated additional labor on their part, and they believed it cheapened the academic reputation of the university. The program passed into history by 1910, in 1929, the universitys fifth president, Robert Maynard Hutchins, took office, the university underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure. In 1933, Hutchins proposed a plan to merge the University of Chicago. During his term, the University of Chicago Hospitals finished construction, also, the Committee on Social Thought, an institution distinctive of the university, was created. Money that had been raised during the 1920s and financial backing from the Rockefeller Foundation helped the school to survive through the Great Depression, during World War II, the university made important contributions to the Manhattan Project. The university was the site of the first isolation of plutonium and of the creation of the first artificial, in the early 1950s, student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood
3.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
4.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
5.
Ralph Nelson
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Ralph Nelson was an American film and television director, producer, writer, and actor. Nelson was born in Long Island City, New York and he served in the Army Air Corps as a flight instructor in World War II. Nelson directed the acclaimed episode A World of His Own of The Twilight Zone and he also directed both the television and film versions of Rod Serlings Requiem for a Heavyweight. tick. tick. tick. Christmas Lilies of the Field, The Wilby Conspiracy, and Soldier Blue, the starring role in Lilies led to Sidney Poitier winning the Academy Award for Best Actor. He both directed, and briefly appeared in, Duel at Diablo, starring James Garner and Sidney Poitier, nelsons other credits include several episodes of TVs Starsky & Hutch, the 70s camp horror classic Embryo, and A Hero Aint Nothin But A Sandwich. A television drama about mounting the show of Requiem for a Heavyweight called The Man in the Funny Suit was made in 1960. Nelson, Serling, Red Skelton, Keenan Wynn and Ed Wynn appeared in it as themselves and he returned to TV in the late 1970s with a string of TV movies, including a sequel to Lillies of the Field which starred Billy Dee Williams. He died in 1987 in Santa Monica, California at the age of 71, film Lilies of the Field Soldier in the Rain Fate Is the Hunter Father Goose Once a Thief Duel at Diablo Counterpoint Charly. tick. tick. tick
6.
Wesley Addy
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Robert Wesley Addy was an American actor. Addy was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of Maren S. Addy served in the United States Army during World War II. He played many roles on the Broadway stage, including several Shakespearean ones, also on television he played roles on The Edge of Night in the 1950s. He made two guest appearances on Perry Mason, Alton Brent in the 1962 episode, The Case of the Weary Watchdog, later, during the 1970s-1980s, he played publisher Bill Woodard on Ryans Hope and patriarch Cabot Alden on the Agnes Nixon-Douglas Marland serial Loving. His television career also includes guest appearances on The Defenders, The Outer Limits, The Fugitive, Ironside, in motion pictures, Addys career spanned four decades. Robert Aldrich used him as supporting actor in pictures, such as Kiss Me Deadly, The Big Knife. Hush, Sweet Charlotte and The Grissom Gang, in 1976, Addy appeared in Paddy Chayefskys Network, directed by Sidney Lumet. They would work again in The Verdict, in which Addy played a doctor who nearly derails Paul Newmans case against a hospital for malpractice. Another of Addys best-remembered roles was that of Lt. Commander Alvin Kramer and he was married to actress Celeste Holm from 1961 until his death. The couple lived in Washington Township, Morris County, New Jersey, – Marty McDonald 4 for Texas – Winthrop Trowbridge Hush. Hush, Sweet Charlotte – Sheriff Luke Standish Seconds – John Mister Buddwing – Dice Player The Rat Patrol - Col. Ulrich Leske Tora. Alvin D. Kramer The Grissom Gang – John P. Blandish Network – Nelson Chaney The Europeans – Mr. Wentworth The Verdict – Dr. Towler The Bostonians – Dr
7.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
8.
Gentleman's Agreement
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Gentlemans Agreement is a 1947 drama film which was based on Laura Z. Hobsons best selling novel of the same name. It concerns a journalist who poses as a Jew to research an exposé on antisemitism in New York City and it was nominated for eight Oscars and won three, Best Picture, Best Supporting Actress, and Best Director. The movie was controversial in its time, as was a film on the same subject, Crossfire. It was released on DVD as part of the 20th Century Fox Studio Classics collection, philip Schuyler Green is a widowed journalist who has just moved to New York City with his son Tommy and mother. Green meets with magazine publisher John Minify, who asks Green, at a dinner party, Phil meets Minifys divorced niece Kathy Lacey, a pre-school teacher, who turns out to be the person who originally suggested the story idea. The next day, Phil tries to explain anti-Jewish prejudice to his young, Green tells his mother that hes struck by the odd notion that the idea for the article came from a girl at the magazine. His mother replies, Why, women will be thinking next, Green and Minify agree to keep it secret that Phil is not Jewish. Phil has considerable difficulty getting started on his assignment and he realizes he can never feel what another person feels unless he experiences it himself. He recalls having lived as an Okie on Route 66 or as a coalminer for previous writing jobs, instead of tapping a man on the shoulder, thats when he decides to write, I Was Jewish for Six Months. Though Kathy seems to have views, when he reveals what he intends to do, she is taken aback. The strain on their due to Kathys subtle acquiescence to bigotry becomes a key theme in the film. At the magazine, Phil is assigned a secretary, Elaine Wales and she changed her name in order to get the job. After Phil informs Minify about Wales experience, Minify orders the magazine to adopt hiring policies that are open to Jews, Wales has reservations about the new policy, fearing that the wrong Jews will be hired and ruin things for the few Jews working there now. Phil meets fashion editor Anne Dettrey, who becomes a friend and potentially more. Phils childhood friend, Dave Goldman, who is Jewish, moves to New York for a job, Dave also experiences antisemitism, when some person in the armed forces tells him that he hates Jews, and gets into a brief fight before the prejudiced soldier is taken away. Housing is scarce in the city, but it is difficult for Goldman. When Phil tells Dave about his project, Dave is supportive, as Phil researches his story, he experiences several incidents of bigotry. When his mother becomes ill with a condition, the doctor discourages him from consulting a specialist with an obviously Jewish name
9.
Come to the Stable
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It stars Loretta Young, Celeste Holm, Hugh Marlowe, Elsa Lanchester, Thomas Gomez, Dooley Wilson and Regis Toomey. The movie was based on a written by Clare Boothe Luce. It was directed by Henry Koster, one winters night, two French nuns, Sister Margaret and Sister Scholastica, come to the small New England town of Bethlehem, where they meet Amelia Potts, a painter of religious pictures. As many of the children could not be evacuated, Sister Margaret made a plea to an American general not to shell the hospital. The Sisters then decide that a local hill depicted in another of Miss Pottss paintings would be a site for the hospital. After composer Bob Masen, who is Miss Pottss neighbor and landlord, tells the Sisters that the hill is owned by Luigi Rossi of New York and he is unable to help them with their project, but does give them a small amount of money to tide them over. When they return to Bethlehem, Bobs religious porter, Anthony James, as Sister Margaret learned to drive a jeep during the war, they arrange to borrow the jeep to go to New York City to find Mr. Rossi and ask him to donate his land. Rossi runs an operation and, despite his security, the Sisters manage to see him. However, he tells the Sisters that he intends to build his retirement home on the site, as they prepare to leave, Sister Margaret notices a picture and they learn that Rossis son was killed in action near their hospital in Rouen. The sisters then tell Luigi they will pray for his son, suddenly, Rossi changes his mind and informs them that, if they will install a stained glass window in the hospital in memory of his son, the land is theirs. Elated, they return to Bethlehem, where Bob and his friend, Kitty Blaine, are listening to a demo of a new song he has composed. Bob then announces that he will be going to Hollywood for a few weeks to work on a picture. The Sisters acquire for $5,000 a three-month option on a former bottling plant opposite the Rossi property for use as a temporary shelter to stage the construction of the hospital. However, when the Bishop looks over the papers, he discovers that the purchase price carries a $25,000 mortgage, on the day before the option is to lapse, the nuns find themselves $500 short of the necessary amount. That evening, after Kitty performs Bobs new song for his guests, the next morning, after Sisters Margaret and Scholastica accidentally drive a stake through Bobs water line while building a shrine mistaking it as a sign. Bob visits the estate agent and arranges to buy the witch-hazel plant in order to keep it out of the nuns hands. Sister Margaret, meanwhile, discovers Bobs guests playing doubles tennis, although Sister Scholastica is a former tennis champion, she loses the match
10.
All About Eve
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All About Eve is a 1950 American drama film written and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and produced by Darryl F. Zanuck. It was based on the 1946 short story The Wisdom of Eve by Mary Orr, the film stars Bette Davis as Margo Channing, a highly regarded but aging Broadway star. Anne Baxter plays Eve Harrington, a young fan who insinuates herself into Channings life. George Sanders, Celeste Holm, Hugh Marlowe, Barbara Bates, Gary Merrill, and Thelma Ritter also appear, praised by critics at the time of its release, All About Eve received 14 Academy Awards nominations and won six, including Best Picture. All About Eve is the film in Oscar history to receive four female acting nominations. All About Eve was selected in 1990 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry and was among the first 50 films to be registered, All About Eve appeared at #16 on AFIs 1998 list of the 100 best American films. Margo Channing is one of the biggest stars on Broadway, but having just turned forty she is worried about what her advancing age will mean for her career. After a performance of Margos latest play, Aged in Wood, Margos close friend Karen Richards, wife of the plays author Lloyd Richards, brings in a fan, Eve Harrington. She tells a story of growing up poor and losing her young husband in World War II. Moved, Margo quickly befriends Eve, takes her into her home, and hires her as her assistant, leaving Birdie, Eve quickly insinuates herself into Margos life, acting as her secretary and adoring fan. She seems to anticipate Margos every need, including placing a long phone call to Bill when Margo forgets his birthday. Margo becomes increasingly distrustful and bitter, particularly after she catches Eve trying on one of the costumes for Aged in Wood, Margo asks her producer, Max Fabian, to hire Eve at his office, but instead Eve manages to become Margos understudy without Margos knowledge. As Margos irritation grows, Karen feels sorry for Eve, in hopes of humbling Margo, Karen arranges for her to miss a performance of Aged in Wood, so Eve will have to give the performance in her place. Eve invites the citys theatre critics, including the acerbic Addison DeWitt, to attend that evenings performance, Eve tries to seduce Bill, but he rejects her. Instead, Addison takes her under his wing and writes a column that criticizes Margo for not making way for new talents like Eve and that evening, Margo and Bill announce their engagement at dinner with the Richardses. Before Karen can talk with Lloyd, Margo announces to everyones surprise that she does not wish to play Cora, now, Eve exults, Lloyd will write brilliant plays showcasing her. Angered that Eve believes she can manipulate him as easily as she does everyone else and her real name is Gertrude Slojinski, she was never married, and she had been paid to leave her hometown over an affair with her boss, a brewer in Wisconsin. Addison blackmails Eve, informing her that she not be marrying Lloyd or anyone else, in exchange for Addisons silence
11.
Rodgers and Hammerstein
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Rodgers and Hammerstein refers to an influential, innovative and successful American musical theatre writing team consisting of composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist-dramatist Oscar Hammerstein II. They created a string of popular Broadway musicals in the 1940s and 1950s, five of their Broadway shows, Oklahoma. Carousel, South Pacific, The King and I and The Sound of Music, were outstanding successes, of the other four that the team produced on Broadway during their lifetimes, Flower Drum Song was well-received, and none was an outright flop. Most of their shows have received frequent revivals around the world, among the many accolades their shows garnered were thirty-four Tony Awards, fifteen Academy Awards, the Pulitzer Prize, and two Grammy Awards. Their musical theatre writing partnership has been called the greatest of the 20th century, prior to their partnership, both Rodgers and Hammerstein achieved success independently. Rodgers had collaborated for more than two decades with Lorenz Hart, among their many Broadway hits were the shows A Connecticut Yankee, Babes in Arms, The Boys from Syracuse, Pal Joey, and By Jupiter, as well as many successful film projects. Their 1927 musical Show Boat is considered to be one of the masterpieces of the American musical theatre, other Hammerstein/Kern collaborations include Sweet Adeline and Very Warm for May. Although the last of these was panned by critics, it one of Kern and Hammersteins best-loved songs. By the early 1940s, Hart had sunk deeper into alcoholism and emotional turmoil, independently of each other, Rodgers and Hammerstein had been attracted to making a musical based on Lynn Riggs stage play Green Grow the Lilacs. When Jerome Kern declined Hammersteins offer to work on such a project and Hart refused Rodgers offer to do the same, Rodgers, marked a revolution in musical drama. Although not the first musical to tell a story of emotional depth and psychological complexity, introduced a number of new storytelling elements and techniques. These included its use of song and dance to convey plot and character rather than act as a diversion from the story, was originally called Away We Go. and opened at the Shubert Theatre in New Haven in March 1943. Only a few changes were made before it opened on Broadway, the original Broadway production opened on March 31,1943, at the St. James Theatre. Although the typical musical of the time was written around the talents of a specific performer, such as Ethel Merman or Fred Astaire. Ultimately the original cast included Alfred Drake, Joan Roberts, Celeste Holm, Howard Da Silva, Betty Garde, Lee Dixon, marc Platt danced the role of Dream Curly, and Katharine Sergava danced the part of Dream Laurey. The story and the songs were considered more important than sheer star power, nevertheless, the production ran for a then-unprecedented 2,212 performances, finally closing on May 29,1948. In 1955 it was made into an Academy Award-winning musical film, the film starred Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones, and its soundtrack was #1 on the 1956 album charts. After their initial success with Oklahoma, the musical was adapted to the screen in 1954, and scored a Best Actress Oscar nomination for leading lady Dorothy Dandridge
12.
Oklahoma!
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Is the first musical written by the team of composer Richard Rodgers and librettist Oscar Hammerstein II. The musical is based on Lynn Riggs 1931 play, Green Grow the Lilacs, set in Oklahoma Territory outside the town of Claremore in 1906, it tells the story of cowboy Curly McLain and his romance with farm girl Laurey Williams. A secondary romance concerns cowboy Will Parker and his flirtatious fiancée, the original Broadway production opened on March 31,1943. It has long been a choice for school and community productions. Rodgers and Hammerstein won a special Pulitzer Prize for Oklahoma, features musical themes, or motifs, that recur throughout the work to connect the music and story. A fifteen-minute dream ballet reflects Laureys struggle with her feelings about two men, Curly and Jud, by the early 1940s, Rodgers and Hammerstein were each well known for creating Broadway hits with other collaborators. Rodgers, with Lorenz Hart, had produced two dozen musicals since the 1920s, including such popular successes as Babes in Arms, The Boys from Syracuse. Among other successes, Hammerstein had written the words for Rose-Marie, The Desert Song, The New Moon and Show Boat. By the early 1940s, Hart had sunk into alcoholism and emotional turmoil, in 1931, the Theatre Guild produced Lynn Riggss Green Grow the Lilacs, a play about settlers in Oklahomas Indian Territory. She contacted Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, whose first successful collaboration, Rodgers wanted to work on the project and obtained the rights for himself and Hart. Rodgers had asked Oscar Hammerstein II to collaborate with him and Hart, during the tryouts of Rodgers and Harts By Jupiter in 1941, Hammerstein had assured Rodgers that if Hart was ever unable to work, he would be willing to take his place. Coincidentally in 1942, Hammerstein had thought of musicalizing Green Grow the Lilacs, but when he had approached Jerome Kern about it, Hammerstein learned that Rodgers was seeking someone to write the book, and he eagerly took the opportunity. Moreover, spiraling downward, consumed by his alcoholism, Hart no longer felt like writing. He embarked on a vacation to Mexico, advising Rodgers that Hammerstein would be a choice of a new collaborator. In Rodgerss previous collaborations with Hart, Rodgers had always written the music first, Hammersteins previous collaborators included composers Rudolf Friml, Herbert Stothart, Vincent Youmans, and Kern, who all wrote music first, for which Hammerstein then wrote lyrics. Between the world wars, roles in musicals were usually filled by actors who could sing, as a result, there were no stars in the production, another unusual step. The first title given to the work was Away We Go. which opened for out-of-town-tryouts in New Havens Shubert Theatre on March 11,1943, expectations for the show were low, Hammerstein had written six flops in a row, and the show had no star power. Producer Mike Todd walked out after the first act during the tryout and wisecracked, “No legs, no jokes, no chance. ”But Rodgers, the New Haven and Boston audiences were enthusiastic, although the reviews were only fair
13.
Norwegians
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Norwegians are a Germanic ethnic group native to Norway. They share a culture and speak the Norwegian language. Towards the end of the 3rd millennium BC, Proto-Indo-European speaking Battle-Axe peoples migrated to Norway bringing domesticated horses, agriculture, cattle, during the Viking age, Harald Fairhair unified the Norse petty kingdoms after being victorious at the Battle of Hafrsfjord in the 880s. Two centuries of Viking expansion tapered off following the decline of Norse paganism with the adoption of Christianity in the 11th century, during The Black Death, approximately 60% of the population died and in 1397 Norway entered a union with Denmark. In 1814, following Denmark-Norways defeat in the Napoleonic Wars, Norway entered a union with Sweden, rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Although Norway remained officially neutral in World War I, the country was allied with the Entente powers. In World War II Norway proclaimed its neutrality, but was occupied for five years by Nazi Germany. In 1949, neutrality was abandoned and Norway became a member of NATO, discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norways economic fortunes but in referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include integration of a fast growing immigrant population, maintaining the countrys generous social safety net with an aging population, as with many of the people from European countries, Norwegians are spread throughout the world. There are more than 100,000 Norwegian citizens living abroad permanently, mostly in the U. S, Norwegian Vikings travelled north and west and founded vibrant communities in the Faroe Islands, Shetland, Orkney, Iceland, Ireland, Scotland, and northern England. They conducted extensive raids in Ireland and founded the cities of Cork, Dublin, in 947, a new wave of Norwegian Vikings appeared in England when Erik Bloodaxe captured York. Apart from Britain and Ireland, Norwegian Vikings established settlements in largely uninhabited regions, the first known permanent Norwegian settler in Iceland was Ingólfur Arnarson. In the year 874 he settled in Reykjavík, after his expulsion from Iceland Erik the Red discovered Greenland, a name he chose in hope of attracting Icelandic settlers. Viking settlements were established in the fjords of the southern and western coast. Eriks relative Leif Eriksson later discovered North America, during the 17th and 18th centuries, many Norwegians emigrated to the Netherlands, particularly Amsterdam. The Netherlands was the second most popular destination for Norwegian emigrants after Denmark, loosely estimated, some 10% of the population may have emigrated, in a period when the entire Norwegian population consisted of some 800,000 people. The Norwegians left with the Dutch trade ships that when in Norway traded for timber, hides, herring, young women took employment as maids in Amsterdam. Young men took employment as sailors, large parts of the Dutch merchant fleet and navy came to consist of Norwegians and Danes
14.
Lloyd's of London
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Lloyds of London, generally known simply as Lloyds, is an insurance market located in Londons primary financial district, the City of London. Unlike most of its competitors in the industry, it is not an insurance company and it is a corporate body governed by the Lloyds Act of 1871 and subsequent Acts of Parliament. It is a partially mutualised marketplace within which multiple financial backers, grouped in syndicates, come together to pool and these underwriters, or members, are a collection of both corporations and private individuals, the latter being traditionally known as Names. The insurance business underwritten at Lloyds is predominantly general insurance and reinsurance, the market has its roots in marine insurance and was founded by Edward Lloyd at his coffee house on Tower Street in around 1688. Today, it has a building on Lime Street, opened in 1986. Its motto is Fidentia, Latin for confidence, and it is associated with the Latin phrase uberrima fides. In 2015, there were 84 syndicates that wrote £26.69 billion of premiums on business placed by 242 Lloyds brokers. Insurance lines comprised 68% of the written, mainly property and casualty. Collectively the market reported a profit of £2.12 billion. The market began in Lloyds Coffee House, opened by Edward Lloyd in around 1688 on Tower Street in the historic City of London and this establishment was a popular place for sailors, merchants, and ship-owners, and Lloyd catered to them with reliable shipping news. The coffee house soon became recognised as a place for obtaining marine insurance. The shop was frequented by mariners involved in the slave trade. Lloyds obtained a monopoly on maritime insurance related to the slave trade, just after Christmas 1691, the small club of marine insurance underwriters relocated to Lombard Street, a blue plaque on the site commemorates this. The Royal Exchange was destroyed by fire in 1838, the building was rebuilt by 1844, but many of Lloyds early records were lost. In 1871, the Lloyds Act was passed in Parliament which gave the business a sound legal footing, the Lloyds Act of 1911 set out the Societys objectives, which include the promotion of its members interests and the collection and dissemination of information. On 18 April 1906, an earthquake and resulting fires destroyed more than 80 per cent of the Californian city of San Francisco. This event was to have an influence on building practices, risk modelling. Lloyds losses from the earthquake and fires were substantial, even though at the time the placement of insurance business overseas was viewed with some wariness
15.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
16.
Hamlet
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The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet, is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between 1599 and 1602. Set in the Kingdom of Denmark, the play dramatises the revenge Prince Hamlet is called to wreak upon his uncle, Claudius, by the ghost of Hamlets father, Claudius had murdered his own brother and seized the throne, also marrying his deceased brothers widow. It has inspired many other writers—from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Charles Dickens to James Joyce and he almost certainly wrote his version of the title role for his fellow actor, Richard Burbage, the leading tragedian of Shakespeares time. In the 400 years since its inception, the role has been performed by highly acclaimed actors in each successive century. Three different early versions of the play are extant, the First Quarto, the Second Quarto, each version includes lines and entire scenes missing from the others. The plays structure and depth of characterisation have inspired much critical scrutiny, the protagonist of Hamlet is Prince Hamlet of Denmark, son of the recently deceased King Hamlet, and nephew of King Claudius, his fathers brother and successor. Claudius hastily married King Hamlets widow, Gertrude, Hamlets mother, Denmark has a long-standing feud with neighboring Norway, which culminated when King Hamlet slew King Fortinbras of Norway in a battle years ago. Although Denmark defeated Norway, and the Norwegian throne fell to King Fortinbrass infirm brother, Denmark fears that an invasion led by the dead Norwegian kings son, Prince Fortinbras, is imminent. On a cold night on the ramparts of Elsinore, the Danish royal castle and they vow to tell Prince Hamlet what they have witnessed. As the court gathers the next day, while King Claudius and Queen Gertrude discuss affairs of state with their elderly adviser Polonius, after the court exits, Hamlet despairs of his fathers death and his mothers hasty remarriage. Learning of the ghost from Horatio, Hamlet resolves to see it himself, as Poloniuss son Laertes prepares to depart for a visit to France, Polonius gives him contradictory advice that culminates in the ironic maxim to thine own self be true. Poloniuss daughter, Ophelia, admits her interest in Hamlet, and that night on the rampart, the ghost appears to Hamlet, telling the prince that he was murdered by Claudius and demanding that Hamlet avenge him. Hamlet agrees and the ghost vanishes, the prince confides to Horatio and the sentries that from now on he plans to put an antic disposition on and forces them to swear to keep his plans for revenge secret. Privately, however, he remains uncertain of the ghosts reliability, soon thereafter, Ophelia rushes to her father, telling him that Hamlet arrived at her door the prior night half-undressed and behaving crazily. Polonius blames love for Hamlets madness and resolves to inform Claudius, as he enters to do so, the king and queen finish welcoming Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, two student acquaintances of Hamlet, to Elsinore. The royal couple has requested that the students investigate the cause of Hamlets mood, additional news requires that Polonius wait to be heard, messengers from Norway inform Claudius that the King of Norway has rebuked Prince Fortinbras for attempting to re-fight his fathers battles. The forces that Fortinbras conscripted to march against Denmark will instead be sent against Poland, Polonius tells Claudius and Gertrude his theory regarding Hamlets behavior, and speaks to Hamlet in a hall of the castle to try to uncover more information. Hamlet feigns madness but subtly insults Polonius all the while, when Rosencrantz and Guildenstern arrive, Hamlet greets his friends warmly, but quickly discerns that they are spies
17.
Leslie Howard (actor)
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Leslie Howard was an English stage and film actor, director and producer. Howard also wrote stories and articles for The New York Times, The New Yorker. Howard was one of the biggest box-office draws and movie idols of the 1930s but is probably best remembered for playing Ashley Wilkes in Gone with the Wind, Howards Second World War activities included acting and filmmaking. Howard was born Leslie Howard Steiner to a British mother, Lilian, Howard was educated at Alleyns School, London. He worked as a clerk before enlisting at the outbreak of the Great War. He served in the British Army as a subaltern in the Northamptonshire Yeomanry but suffered shell shock, Outward Bound and The Green Hat. He became an undisputed Broadway star in Her Cardboard Lover, Howard would return, however, many times—later repeating the Standish role in the 1933 film version of Berkeley Square. The stage, however, continued to be an important part of his career, Howard frequently juggled acting, producing and directing duties in the Broadway productions in which he starred. Howard was also a dramatist and starred in the Broadway production of his play, Murray Hill and he played Matt Denant in John Galsworthys 1927 Broadway production Escape in which he first made his mark as a dramatic actor. His stage triumphs continued with The Animal Kingdom and The Petrified Forest and he later repeated both roles in the film versions. Howards production, his stage role, lasted for only 39 performances before closing. Howard was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1981, in 1920 Howard suggested forming a film production company, British Comedy Films Ltd. to his friend Adrian Brunel. The two eventually settled on the name Minerva Flims Ltd, the Companys Board of Directors consisted of Howard, Brunel, C. Aubrey Smith, Nigel Playfair and A. A. Milne, one of the Companys investors was H. G. Wells. Early films include four written by A. A. Milne, including The Bump, aubrey Smith, Twice Two, Five Pounds Reward, and Bookworms, the latter two starring Howard. Some of these survive in the archives of the British Film Institute. Following his move to Hollywood, Howard often played stiff upper lipped Englishmen and he appeared in the film version of Outward Bound, though in a different role than the one he portrayed on Broadway. He had second billing under Norma Shearer in A Free Soul and he starred in the film version of Berkeley Square, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor
18.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
19.
William Saroyan
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William Saroyan was an American novelist, playwright, and short story writer. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1940, an Armenian American, Saroyan wrote extensively about the Armenian immigrant life in California. Many of his stories and plays are set in his native Fresno, some of his best-known works are The Time of Your Life, My Name Is Aram and My Hearts in the Highlands. Fry suggests that he takes his place naturally alongside Hemingway, Steinbeck, William Saroyan was born on August 31,1908 in Fresno, California, to Armenak and Taguhi Saroyan, Armenian immigrants from Bitlis, Ottoman Empire. His father came to New York in 1905 and started preaching in Armenian Apostolic churches, at the age of three, after his fathers death, Saroyan, along with his brother and sister, was placed in an orphanage in Oakland, California. He later went on to describe his experience in the orphanage in his writings, five years later, the family reunited in Fresno, where his mother, Takoohi, had already secured work at a cannery. He continued his education on his own, supporting himself with jobs, Saroyan decided to become a writer after his mother showed him some of his fathers writings. A few of his short articles were published in Overland Monthly. His first stories appeared in the 1930s, among these was The Broken Wheel, written under the name Sirak Goryan and published in the Armenian journal Hairenik in 1933. Many of Saroyans stories were based on his experiences among the Armenian-American fruit growers of the San Joaquin Valley or dealt with the rootlessness of the immigrant. The short story collection My Name is Aram, a bestseller, was about a young boy. It has been translated into many languages, as a writer, Saroyan made his breakthrough in Story magazine with The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze, the title taken from the nineteenth century song of the same title. The protagonist is a young, starving writer who tries to survive in a Depression-ridden society, through the air on the flying trapeze, his mind hummed. A trapeze to God, or to nothing, a trapeze to some sort of eternity. This character resembles the penniless writer in Knut Hamsuns 1890 novel Hunger, Saroyan served in the US Army during World War II. He was stationed in Astoria, Queens, spending much of his time at the Lombardy Hotel in Manhattan, in 1942, he was posted to London as part of a film unit. He narrowly avoided a court martial when his novel, The Adventures of Wesley Jackson, was seen as advocating pacifism, Saroyan worked rapidly, hardly editing his text, and drinking and gambling away much of his earnings. From 1958 on, he resided in a Paris apartment
20.
The Time of Your Life
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The Time of Your Life is a 1939 five-act play by American playwright William Saroyan. The play is the first drama to win both the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, the play opened on Broadway in 1939. Main characters Minor characters The play is set in Nicks Pacific Street Saloon, Restaurant and Entertainment Palace, much of the action of the play centers around Joe, a young loafer with money who encourages each of the bars patrons in their eccentricities. Joe helps out a would-be dancer, Harry, and sets up his flunky, Tom, with a prostitute, Kitty Duval. The bar is frequented by a number of characters, including a frenetic young man in love, an old man who looks like Kit Carson. Nicks saloon is based on the operated by Izzy Gomez in San Francisco. The play was produced by the Theatre Guild, direction was by Eddie Dowling, who also starred as Joe, and William Saroyan. The cast featured Julie Haydon, Celeste Holm, Charles De Sheim, the Time of Your Life has been revived three times on Broadway, in 1940 with Dowling and Saroyan directing again, in 1969 directed by John Hirsch and in 1975 directed by Jack OBrien. The play was revived in March 17,1972 at the Huntington Hartford Theater in Los Angeles where Henry Fonda, Richard Dreyfuss, Ron Thompson, Gloria Grahame, jane Alexander, Richard X. Slattery and Pepper Martin were among the cast with Edwin Sherin directing. The play was adapted for film in 1948 with H. C. Potter directing James Cagney as Joe and his sister, in 1958 an adaptation by A. J. Russell was presented in a television broadcast directed by Tom Donovan with stars Jackie Gleason, Jack Klugman
21.
Gene Kelly
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Eugene Curran Gene Kelly was an American dancer, actor, singer, film director, producer and choreographer. He was known for his energetic and athletic dancing style, his looks. Best known today for his performances in such as An American in Paris, Anchors Aweigh. He starred in musical films throughout the 1940s, including For Me and My Gal, Du Barry Was a Lady, Thousands Cheer, The Three Musketeers. In his later career, he starred in two films outside the genre, Inherit the Wind and What a Way to Go. Throughout his career, he directed films, most notably the 1969 film Hello. His many innovations transformed the Hollywood musical and he is credited with almost single-handedly making the ballet form commercially acceptable to film audiences, Kelly received an Academy Honorary Award in 1952 for his career achievements. He later received lifetime achievement awards in the Kennedy Center Honors, in 1999, the American Film Institute also numbered him 15th in their Greatest Male Stars of Classic Hollywood cinema list. Kelly was born in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh and he was the third son of James Patrick Joseph Kelly, a phonograph salesman, and his wife Harriet Catherine Curran. His father was born in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, to an Irish-Canadian family and his maternal grandfather was an immigrant from Derry, Ireland, and his maternal grandmother was of German ancestry. When he was eight, Kellys mother enrolled him and his brother James in dance classes and they both rebelled, as recalled by Kelly, We didnt like it much and were continually involved in fistfights with the neighborhood boys who called us sissies. I didnt dance again until I was fifteen, at one time his childhood dream was to play shortstop for the hometown Pittsburgh Pirates. By the time he decided to dance, he was an accomplished sportsman and he attended St. Raphael Elementary School in the Morningside neighborhood of Pittsburgh and graduated from Peabody High School at age sixteen. He entered Pennsylvania State College as a major, but the 1929 crash forced him to work to help his family. He created dance routines with his younger brother Fred to earn money in local talent contests. They also performed in local nightclubs, in 1931, Kelly enrolled at the University of Pittsburgh to study economics, joining the Phi Kappa Theta fraternity. He became involved in the universitys Cap and Gown Club, which staged original musical productions, after graduating in 1933, he continued to be active with the Cap and Gown Club, serving as the director from 1934 to 1938. Kelly was admitted to the University of Pittsburgh Law School and his family opened a dance studio in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh
22.
Bloomer Girl
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Bloomer Girl is a 1944 Broadway musical with music by Harold Arlen, lyrics by E. Y. Harburg, and a book by Sig Herzig and Fred Saidy, based on a play by Lilith. The American Civil War is looming, and abolitionist Evelina refuses to marry suitor Jeff Calhoun until he frees his slave, a television version of the musical was shown in 1956. The original Broadway production opened at the Shubert Theatre on October 5,1944, directed by William Schorr, Agnes de Mille was the choreographer, and her contributions included a Civil War ballet. The production starred Celeste Holm as Evelina, David Brooks as Jeff Calhoun, Dooley Wilson as the slave Pompey, while successful -- it closed on April 27,1946 after 657 performances on Broadway -- it has seldom been revived. Alisa Roost directed an Off-Broadway revival, which recreated Agnes deMilles original dream ballet, at the Theatre at St. Clements in 2000, staged concert series performed it for a week in 2001. An original cast album was released on American Decca 78 RPM set DA381 during the original Broadway run of Bloomer Girl, the recording was re-released on LP in the 1950s. It then remained out of print until the recording became available on CD in the early 1990s. No Intermissions, The Life of Agnes de Mille, showtime, A History of the Broadway Musical Theater. Opening Night on Broadway, A Critical Quotebook of the Golden Era of the Musical Theatre, Bloomer Girl at the Internet Broadway Database 1947 revival at the Internet Broadway Database Bloomer Girl Guide to Musical Theatre
23.
20th Century Fox
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Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation is an American film studio currently owned by 21st Century Fox. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios and is located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, the studio was formerly owned by News Corporation. 20th Century Fox is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2015, 20th Century Fox celebrated its 80th anniversary as a studio. Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, the studios biggest star, Will Rogers, died in a plane crash weeks after the merger. Its leading female star, Janet Gaynor, was fading in popularity and promising leading men James Dunn, at first, it was expected that the new company was originally to be called Fox-20th Century, even though 20th Century was the senior partner in the merger. However, 20th Century brought more to the bargaining table besides Schenck and Zanuck, the new company, 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation, began trading on May 31,1935, the hyphen was dropped in 1985. Schenck became Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, while Kent remained as President, Zanuck became Vice President in Charge of Production, replacing Foxs longtime production chief Winfield Sheehan. The company established a training school. The contracts included an option for renewal for as long as seven years. For many years, 20th Century Fox claimed to have founded in 1915. For instance, it marked 1945 as its 30th anniversary, however, in recent years it has claimed the 1935 merger as its founding, even though most film historians agree it was founded in 1915. The companys films retained the 20th Century Pictures searchlight logo on their credits as well as its opening fanfare. Also on the Fox payroll he found two players who he built up into the studios leading assets, Alice Faye and seven-year-old Shirley Temple, favoring popular biographies and musicals, Zanuck built Fox back to profitability. Thanks to record attendance during World War II, Fox overtook RKO, while Zanuck went off for eighteen months war service, junior partner William Goetz kept profits high by going for light entertainment. The studios—indeed the industrys—biggest star was creamy blonde Betty Grable, in 1942, Spyros Skouras succeeded Kent as president of the studio. Together with Zanuck, who returned in 1943, they intended to make Foxs output more serious-minded. During the next few years, with pictures like The Razors Edge, Wilson, Gentlemans Agreement, The Snake Pit, Boomerang, and Pinky, Zanuck established a reputation for provocative, adult films. Fox also specialized in adaptations of best-selling books such as Ben Ames Williams Leave Her to Heaven, starring Gene Tierney and they also made the 1958 film version of South Pacific
24.
Three Little Girls in Blue
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Three Little Girls in Blue is a 1946 Technicolor musical film from 20th Century-Fox that starred June Haver along with George Montgomery, Vivian Blaine, Celeste Holm, and Vera-Ellen. The film was adapted from Guy Boltons 1938 play Three Blind Mice and featured songs with music by Josef Myrow, the score is notable for the first appearance of the classic song You Make Me Feel So Young, popularized by Frank Sinatra in 1956. In 1902 Red Bank, New Jersey, sisters of modest means Pam, Liz and they soon discover that the windfall is not quite enough to finance their dreams of attracting and marrying millionaires. Reasoning that if one of them catches a rich husband, the two will thereafter find it easier to do the same, they decide to pool their inheritances. Pam poses as an heiress, Liz poses as her social secretary. The three go to Atlantic City, check into a hotel, and promptly meet millionaire Steve Harrington. When Steve sends a bottle of champagne to Pam, Myra meets Mike, a third man, Steves friend Van Damm Smith, ostensibly another millionaire, joins in the following day when the girls plot to interest Steve by pretending to be drowning goes awry. Steve and Van both court Pam, while Myra and Mike fall in love, although ostensibly pursuing Pam, Steve begins to be attracted to Liz. Van proposes to Pam, however, she tells him the truth about her plan to marry a rich man, the two call off their romance, deciding to stick to their plans of marrying money. Van helps Pam by telling Steve that she is in love him, Steve proposes to Pam. The couples are all sorted out after a trip to Harringtons family home in Maryland, Steve finally realizes he is in love with Liz, Van and Pam decide they would rather be with one another, and Mike and Myra are married. The main cast members were all on contract to Fox, Celeste Holm made her Hollywood film debut as Miriam Harrington and it was reported 20th Century-Fox wanted Broadway actor/dancer Harold Lang for the role of Vera-Ellen’s boyfriend Mike but he had to refuse because of stage commitments. A great loss because he would have introduced the now-classic song You Make Me Feel So Young and his replacement was non-singer/dancer, minor-player Charles Smith. Although Lang appeared on television in the early 1950s, he made no commercial films, valentine Davies adapted the screenplay from the play Three Blind Mice by Stephen Powys. Fox had acquired the American rights to the play in 1937 and it was adapted as the movie musical Moon Over Miami in 1941 before being tapped again five years later as the basis for Three Little Girls in Blue. The plot—three fortune-hunting sisters encounter humorous difficulties—was scarcely altered, even the names are largely unchanged from the play. The locale was shifted to Atlantic City and the moved to 1902. This duet for Haver and Montgomery was set on the beach at night and it was presumably deleted because it had close-ups of Montgomery, who reportedly had demanded a salary increase after production had started
25.
Technicolor
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Technicolor is the name applied to a series of color motion picture processes, the first version dating from 1916, and followed by improved versions over several decades. It was the major color process, after Britains Kinemacolor. As the technology matured it was used for less spectacular dramas. Occasionally, even a film noir—such as Leave Her to Heaven or Niagara —was filmed in Technicolor, Technicolor is the trademark for a series of color motion picture processes pioneered by Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation, now a division of the French company Technicolor SA. The Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation was founded in Boston in 1914 by Herbert Kalmus, Daniel Frost Comstock, the Tech in the companys name was inspired by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where both Kalmus and Comstock received their undergraduate degrees and were later instructors. Technicolor, Inc. was chartered in Delaware in 1921, most of Technicolors early patents were taken out by Comstock and Wescott, while Kalmus served primarily as the companys president and chief executive officer. The term Technicolor historically has been used to describe at least five concepts, Technicolor, Technicolor process or format, several custom image origination systems used in film production, culminating in the three-strip process in 1932. Technicolor IB printing, a process for making color motion picture prints that allows the use of dyes which are more stable, originally used for printing from color separation negatives photographed on black-and-white film in a special Technicolor camera. This meaning of the name applies to nearly all Wikipedia articles about films made from 1954 onward in which Technicolor is named in the credits, Technicolor originally existed in a two-color system. Because two frames were being exposed at the time, the film had to be photographed and projected at twice the normal speed. Exhibition required a special projector with two apertures, two lenses, and a prism that aligned the two images on the screen. The results were first demonstrated to members of the American Institute of Mining Engineers in New York on February 21,1917, the near-constant need for a technician to adjust the projection alignment doomed this additive color process. Only a few frames of The Gulf Between, showing star Grace Darmond, are known to exist today, convinced that there was no future in additive color processes, Comstock, Wescott, and Kalmus focused their attention on subtractive color processes. This culminated in what would eventually be known as Process 2, the difference was that the two-component negative was now used to produce a subtractive color print. Because the colors were present in the print, no special projection equipment was required. The frames exposed behind the filter were printed on one strip of black-and-white film. After development, each print was toned to a color nearly complementary to that of the filter, orange-red for the green-filtered images, the two prints, made on film stock half the thickness of regular film, were then cemented together back to back to create a projection print. The Toll of the Sea, which debuted on November 26,1922, the second all-color feature in Process 2 Technicolor, Wanderer of the Wasteland, was released in 1924
26.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
27.
The Tender Trap (film)
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The Tender Trap is a CinemaScope Eastman Color comedy starring Frank Sinatra, Debbie Reynolds, David Wayne, and Celeste Holm. Based on the 1954 play The Tender Trap by Max Shulman and Robert Paul Smith, a second film under a new contract with the studio, Guys and Dolls, was actually released ahead of The Tender Trap by one day on November 3,1955. The film earned an Academy Award nomination in the category of Best Original Song for the Tender Trap, the song proved a hit for Sinatra, one he would continue to sing throughout his career. Reader is a 35-year-old theatrical agent in New York City, living an idyllic life as a bachelor. Numerous women – among them Poppy, Helen, and Jessica – come and go, Joe envies and is amazed by Charlies parade of girlfriends, while Charlie professes admiration for Joes married life and family. At an audition, Charlie meets singer-actress Julie Gillis and she has her life planned to a tight schedule, determined to marry and retire from performing to a life of child-rearing by 22. Although at first she wards off Charlies advances, she comes to see him as the man for her plans. Julie demands that Charlie stop seeing other women, Charlie balks, but he begins to fall in love with her. Joe starts keeping company with Sylvia Crewes, a classical musician. Sylvia is approaching 33 and desires marriage as much as the younger Julie does, one day, annoyed by Julie and possibly jealous of Joes attentions, Charlie blurts out a proposal of marriage to Sylvia. She is thrilled, only to discover the morning after their engagement party that he has proposed to Julie as well, Joe confesses his love to Sylvia and asks her to marry him. She turns him down, knowing that he loves his wife, Sylvia reminds Joe that girls turn into wives when they marry and she wants the same things Ethel does. On her way out, Sylvia runs into a stranger near the elevator who clearly wants to get to know her much better. Joe packs up and returns to Indiana to his wife, Charlie, his other girlfriends also having moved on with their lives, leaves for Europe for a year. Charlie returns just in time to see Sylvia marrying the new man in her life and she flips him the bridal bouquet. Julie is also at the wedding, Charlie tosses the flowers to her, then asks her to marry him. According to MGM records the film earned $3,054,000 in the US and Canada and $1,441,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $1,410,000
28.
High Society (1956 film)
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High Society is a 1956 American musical comedy film directed by Charles Walters and starring Bing Crosby, Grace Kelly, and Frank Sinatra. The film was produced by Sol C. Siegel for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the cast also features Celeste Holm, John Lund and Louis Calhern, with a musical contribution by Louis Armstrong. High Society was the last film appearance of Grace Kelly, before she became Princess consort of Monaco, the highly successful jazz musician C. K. Dexter Haven was divorced from wealthy Newport, Rhode Island socialite Tracy Samantha Lord and she, however, is about to get married to a bland gentleman of good standing, George Kittredge. Spy Magazine, a tabloid newspaper in possession of embarrassing information about Tracys father, sends reporter Mike Connor. Tracy begins an elaborate charade as a means of revenge, introducing her Uncle Willy as her proper father Seth Lord. Connor falls in love with Tracy, who must choose among three different men in a course of self-discovery. After becoming tipsy at a party on the eve of her wedding and going off with Connor for a romantic swim, while in the process of telling her guests that the wedding is off, Tracy is surprised by a proposal from Dexter to take the grooms place. Realizing where her heart truly is, she accepts, Bing Crosby as C. K. Seth Lord Lydia Reed as Caroline Lord Gordon Richards as Dexter-Havens butler Richard Garrick as Lords butler Filming took place between January and March 1956. The film stars Bing Crosby, Grace Kelly, Frank Sinatra, Celeste Holm, John Lund, Louis Calhern, Sidney Blackmer, Margalo Gillmore, and Lydia Reed, along with Louis Armstrong as himself. As name-checked by Crosby in the song Now You Has Jazz, where each takes a small solo, Armstrongs band include, Edmond Hall, Trummy Young, Billy Kyle, Arvell Shaw. This film featured Kellys final role before she became Princess of Monaco, in the movie Grace Kelly wore the Cartier engagement ring given to her by Rainier. Sinatra was 40 and Crosby 53 while playing the love interests of Kelly, however this is refuted by TCM, which states that in spite of a rumored rivalry between Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby, the two worked together very amicably during the shoot. Producer Sol C. Siegel paid Porter $250,000 for his first original score in eight years, it introduced a couple of pop standards, including True Love. Armstrong and his band get a couple of moments and Kelly has her only role in a musical. Overture High Society Calypso – Armstrong & his band Little One – C. K, who Wants to Be a Millionaire. – Mike, Liz True Love – C. K. Tracy Youre Sensational – Mike I Love You, Armstrong & his band, individually introduced by name Well, Did You Evah. Mike Mind if I Make Love to You, – Mike A soundtrack album was released the year of the films release and was a major success in both America and the United Kingdom
29.
Frank Sinatra
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Francis Albert Sinatra was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. He is one of the music artists of all time. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James. Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943 and he released his debut album, The Voice of Frank Sinatra, in 1946. Sinatras professional career had stalled by the early 1950s, and he turned to Las Vegas and his career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity, with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sinatra released several critically lauded albums, including In the Wee Small Hours, Come Fly with Me, Only the Lonely and Nice n Easy. Sinatra left Capitol in 1960 to start his own label, Reprise Records. It was followed by 1968s collaboration with Duke Ellington, using his Las Vegas shows as a home base, he toured both within the United States and internationally until a short time before his death in 1998. Sinatra forged a successful career as a film actor. After winning an Academy Award for From Here to Eternity, he starred in The Man with the Golden Arm and he appeared in various musicals such as On the Town, Guys and Dolls, High Society, and Pal Joey, winning another Golden Globe for the latter. Toward the end of his career, he associated with playing detectives. Sinatra would later receive the Golden Globe Cecil B, on television, The Frank Sinatra Show began on ABC in 1950, and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s. While Sinatra never formally learned how to read music, he had a natural, intuitive understanding of it, a perfectionist, renowned for his impeccable dress sense and cleanliness, he always insisted on recording live with his band. His bright blue eyes earned him the popular nickname Ol Blue Eyes, Sinatra led a colorful personal life, and was often involved in turbulent affairs with women, such as with his second wife Ava Gardner. He went on to marry Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976, Sinatra had several violent confrontations, usually with journalists he felt had crossed him, or work bosses with whom he had disagreements. He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983, was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985, Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards, including the Grammy Trustees Award, Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. After his death, American music critic Robert Christgau called him the greatest singer of the 20th century, Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12,1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey. He was the child of Italian immigrants Antonino Martino Marty Sinatra
30.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
31.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
32.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
33.
The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom
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Boone, a descendant of Kentucky frontiersman Daniel Boone, was, at 23, still attending Columbia University in New York City when the program began production. Upon his graduation from Columbia in 1958, TV Guide pictured him in his cap and gown on the magazine cover. Boone, the No.10 all-time vocalist in sales, was at the time the youngest person to host his own variety program until ABCs The Donny & Marie Show. In addition to Pat, regular performers throughout the three included the Artie Malvin Chorus, the Bill Foster Dancers, the Mort Lindsey Orchestra. Among the entertainers who joined Boone were Italian actress and opera singer Anna Maria Alberghetti in the premiere episode. Many of Boones guests were rock and roll singers, such as Bobby Rydell, Fabian, and Connie Francis, but Country and Western stars Red Foley, Roy Rogers, Boone was discovered in 1954 on both Ted Mack and the Original Amateur Hour and Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts. Godfrey was among Boones long list of guest stars on the ABC variety program. Andy Williams, later star of his own NBC-TV series The Andy Williams Show, was a semi-regular, having appeared on the six times, Carmel Quinn, Jaye P. Morgan and Joel Grey. Boone also invited numerous African American singers to his program, including Pearl Bailey, Count Basie, Ella Fitzgerald, Johnny Mathis, and The Mills Brothers. On the series finale, it was disclosed to audiences that the Boones were moving from New York in the summer of 1960 to settle in Los Angeles, the Boones have lived in the same house in Beverly Hills since 1970. In all three seasons, Boones program followed the ABC situation comedy The Real McCoys, starring Walter Brennan, in its last season, Boone preceded the crime drama, The Untouchables, starring Robert Stack. In its last two seasons, the Boone program faced the competition of Dick Powells Zane Grey Theater on CBS, in its last season, the competition also consisted of John Forsythes Bachelor Father on NBC. The Boone time slot was occupied for the five seasons, starting in 1960-1961, by Fred MacMurrays sitcom. From October 17,1966, to June 30,1967, in 1967, he launched a short-lived 90-minute talk show in syndication, entitled Pat Boone in Hollywood. December 51957 episode at the Internet Archive
34.
The Utter Glory of Morrissey Hall
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The Utter Glory of Morrissey Hall is a musical with music and lyrics by Clark Gesner and a book by Gesner and Nagle Jackson. The production opened and closed on May 13,1979 at the Mark Hellinger Theatre on Broadway after only seven previews, Act I Morrissey Hall is a girls school in England. The day has hardly begun when Headmistress Julia Faysle reads in a remark about the quality of girls produced by her school. The Sixth Form mistake her subsequent concern for their health and grooming as being a sign that they are all about to be sold into slavery, the Fifth Form, in turn, find the Sixths newest behaviour very strange and prepare their own defenses. The headmistress secretary, Elizabeth Wilkins, attempts to convey to the audience that she is indeed not any part of this madhouse, meanwhile, the headmistress and her faculty chum, Foresta Studley, get carried away with jolly memories of their own girlhood at Morrissey Hall. It is for Helen Wells-Morton, from her boyfriend, Charles, the letter contains a key, and when a trunk arrives for Helen, Headmistress Faysle uses all her wiles to try to get the key so she can open and inspect the trunk. When it is opened, Charles leaps out and escapes to the upper reaches of the school. Early on in all this, a salesman, Richard Tidewell, has arrived to see the Headmistress and he has waited patiently in the outer office with Elizabeth for most of the Act, but now he must go. It is revealed that he and Elizabeth have fallen in love, Act II The Fifth Form, in a history competition, has won a Bumper Car ride, and the huge amusement park contraption is now set on the campus. The school loves the ride, but retaliation is obviously demanded, while Mrs. Delmonde rehearses a St. George and the Dragon pageant, the Bumper Car is attacked. It is obviously the beginning of the end, miss Winkle, faculty leader of the Fifth Form and now drunk with power as commander of the Bumper Car, whips them around in the ride. It has obviously been too much for the headmistress and she has, since the beginning of the Act, been sequestered in her office, seeing nobody, and having a lovely, quiet time pressing flowers and arranging them in an album. Helen, too, has found her dear if slightly reluctant Charles, soon, however, life at Morrisey Hall has gone back to normal. The Sixth Form graduates and life goes on, and that does seem to be the glory of such a place, that in spite of everything—the heartrending, overwhelming odds—they do, always and ever, go on. The production had a well received engagement at the Pacific Conservatory of the Performing Arts in 1976, following a 1977 production at the McCarter Theatre in 1977, Morrissey Hall began previews on Broadway at the Mark Hellinger Theatre on May 3,1979. However, the show closed on opening night, May 13,1979, cast members included Celeste Holm as Julia Faysle and Taina Elg as Mrs. Delmonde. After the show closed, an original cast recording, featuring most of the musical numbers, was released. The creative team included direction by Jackson, lighting by Howard Bay, costumes by David Graden, the show was staged again at The Lambs Players Theatre in San Diego in 1992
35.
Lesley Ann Warren
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Lesley Ann Warren is an American actress and singer. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1982 film Victor/Victoria. She is also an Emmy Award nominee and five-time Golden Globe Award nominee, Warren made her Broadway debut in 1963, and her film debut in The Happiest Millionaire in 1967. Her other film appearances include Clue, Burglar, Cop, Color of Night and she has also appeared in numerous television shows, including Mission, Impossible, Desperate Housewives, Will & Grace, and In Plain Sight. Warren was born in New York City, the daughter of Margot, a singer, and William Warren and her family was Russian Jewish, on both sides, and her fathers original surname was Warrenoff. She attended the Professional Childrens School and The High School of Music & Art, the 5-foot-8-inch Warren began her career as a ballet dancer, training at the School of American Ballet. She entered the Actors Studio at the age of 17—reputedly the youngest applicant ever to be accepted and her Broadway debut came in 1963 in the musical 110 in the Shade. She won the Theatre World Award for her performance in the 1965 flop musical Drat, in 1973, she portrayed Scarlett OHara in the Los Angeles production of the musical Scarlett, however, the play was poorly reviewed and did not continue to Broadway as planned. She later played the part of Dana Lambert, the female on the Mission, Impossible team. According to The Complete Mission, Impossible Dossier by Patrick White, she was considered too inexperienced for the part, despite her departure, throughout the 1970s Warren became a leading lady of TV movies, TV series, and TV miniseries. She appeared as a guest star in the season of The Muppet Show. Warren also played Lois Lane in the 1975 TV special Its a Bird. Its a Plane. Its Superman adapted from the Broadway musical of the same name. Warren went on to screen-test for the role of Lois Lane in the 1978 Superman film, in 1981, she starred with Ken Wahl, George Peppard, and Donald Pleasence in Race for the Yankee Zephyr, a New Zealand suspense-action-thriller film directed by David Hemmings. For her portrayal of dim-witted gangsters moll Norma Cassidy in the 1982 musical-comedy Victor Victoria, Warren is also a five-time Golden Globe nominee and won for the 1977 miniseries Harold Robbins 79 Park Avenue. She was Emmy-nominated for the TV movie Family of Spies, in 1975, Warren played a mental patient opposite Peter Falk and George Hamilton in the Columbo episode A Deadly State of Mind. Warren played Princess Jeanetta in the Shelley Duvalls Faerie Tale Theatre episode The Dancing Princesses and she starred as one of the prime murder suspects, Miss Scarlet, in the comedy film version of the popular board game Clue. In 1986, Lesley was prominently featured in Bob Segers popular music video for his hit song American Storm, in 1989, she appeared in the Aerosmith video Janies Got a Gun, wherein she played Janies mother. She was also featured in a video for the Eagles Life in the Fast Lane, however, it was successful on the home video market
36.
Cinderella (musical)
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Rodgers and Hammersteins Cinderella is a musical written for television, with music by Richard Rodgers and a book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. It is based upon the fairy tale Cinderella, particularly the French version Cendrillon, ou la Petite Pantoufle de Verre, the story concerns a young woman forced into a life of servitude by her cruel stepmother and self-centered stepsisters, who dreams of a better life. With the help of her Fairy Godmother, Cinderella is transformed into a Princess, Cinderella is the only Rodgers and Hammerstein musical written for television. It was originally broadcast live on CBS on March 31,1957 as a vehicle for Julie Andrews, the broadcast was viewed by more than 100 million people. It was subsequently remade for television twice, in 1965 and 1997, the 1965 version starred Lesley Ann Warren, and the 1997 one starred Brandy Norwood in the title role. Both remakes add songs from other Richard Rodgers musicals, a 2013 adaptation starring Laura Osnes and Santino Fontana, with a new book by Douglas Carter Beane, opened in 2013 on Broadway. In the 1950s, television adaptations of musicals were fairly common, broadcast versions of Annie Get Your Gun, Wonderful Town, Anything Goes and Kiss Me, Kate were all seen during the decade. In 1955, NBC had broadcast the Broadway musical Peter Pan and it was a hit, and the network looked for more family-oriented musical projects. Richard Rodgers had previously supplied the Emmy Award-winning score for Victory at Sea, NBC approached Rodgers and Hammerstein and asked them to write an original musical expressly for television, then a novel idea. The team decided to adapt the fairy tale Cinderella and, new to television, they sought the advice of an industry insider, Lewine was then the Vice President in charge of color television at CBS. He told Rodgers and Hammerstein that CBS was also seeking a project and had already signed Julie Andrews. Rodgers recalled, in his autobiography, What sold us immediately was the chance to work with Julie, Rodgers and Hammerstein signed with CBS. CBS announced the production on September 5,1956, in adapting the famous fairy tale, Rodgers and Hammerstein stayed faithful to the original Charles Perrault version. Hammerstein was interviewed by the Saturday Review about the adaptation, We want the kids who see it to recognize the story they know, children can be very critical on that score. But, of course, their parents will be watching too, the musical had to fit into the 90-minute program with six commercial breaks, so it was divided into six short acts. In an interview with Time Magazine, Hammerstein said that It took me seven months to write the book, rehearsals started on February 21,1957. Emmy Award-winning director Ralph Nelson and choreographer Jonathan Lucas, who had choreographed for The Milton Berle Show, were experienced with musical material on television. Rodgers friend, Robert Russell Bennett, provided the orchestrations, alfredo Antonini, a veteran with CBS, conducted
37.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
38.
Nancy (TV series)
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Nancy is an American sitcom that aired on NBC during the 1970-1971 television season, with Renne Jarrett in the title role. While Nancy Smith, daughter of the President of the United States, is vacationing in fictitious Center City, Iowa, she meets, celeste Holm appeared as Abby Townsend, the press secretary of the First Lady, Nancys official chaperone. Robert F. Simon appeared as Everett McPherson, Dr. Hudsons uncle, nobody was cast as the President. A Screen Gems Production, Nancy was a creation of producer Sidney Sheldon and it aired from September 17,1970, to January 7,1971, on Thursday in the 9,30 Eastern timeslot between Ironside and The Dean Martin Show. The competition was another sitcom, The Odd Couple, on ABC, in an effort to generate interest in Nancy, a novel based the TV series was released at the same time as the show. Jarrett, Fink, and Holm also graced the cover of TV Guide, but it wasnt enough to generate viewer interest. Seventeen episodes of Nancy were broadcast before the shows cancellation, Nancy at the Internet Movie Database Television Obscurities - Nancy Nancy opening credits on YouTube
39.
Robert F. Simon
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Robert F. Simon was an American character actor, often portraying military or authority figure roles. Though his face was recognized by audiences, he was unknown by name. A life member of The Actors Studio, Simon appeared in films and he appeared five times from 1964–1971 in Bewitched, alternating with actor Roy Roberts depending upon availability. In addition to his Custer role of General Terry, Simon had other historic roles, senator Joseph R. McCarthy As Attorney General of the United States Homer S. He played basketball in one-on-one games well into his forties, before he entered acting, he was a traveling salesman. He initially thought that acting would help him to overcome his natural shyness and his first professional job was in Marc Blitzsteins No For an Answer in which he displayed his song-and-dance abilities. He was also involved with The Cleveland Play House and then with The Actors Studio, Simon had two daughters, Barbara Ann Simon Callet and Susan Simon Thompson, and two sons, Robert Louis Simon and James A. Simon. Simons webpage does not include the name of his spouse, Simon appeared on Broadway in Clifford Odetss play, Clash by Night. In 1949, he succeeded Lee J. Cobb as Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman and his first film appearances were as Inspector Foley in Where the Sidewalk Ends and as a psychiatrist in Bright Victory. His first television role was at the age of 43 in 1952 as Captain Scott in the episode Woman with a Sword on Hallmark Hall of Fame anthology series, Simon appeared as Ackerman in the 1954 film Rogue Cop. Between 1951 and 1954, he appeared on The Philco Television Playhouse, in 1955, he appeared on television in episodes of Medic and Alfred Hitchcock Presents as well as such feature films as Chief Crazy Horse, Seven Angry Men, and The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell. Actress Elizabeth Montgomery, who would later play Simons daughter-in-law, Samantha, on Bewitched, in 1956, Simon achieved his first significant film role as Dave Goodman, the father of musician Benny Goodman, in The Benny Goodman Story. Between 1953 and 1956, Simon appeared in four episodes of Kraft Television Theatre, in 1956 and 1957, he appeared in episodes of State Trooper, The Millionaire and M Squad. In 1957, he appeared in the Betty Hutton film Spring Reunion, in 1958, Simon guest-starred as Captain Woods in The Coward of Fort Bennett on General Electric Theater. In 1957 and 1958, he appeared in four episodes of the anthology series, in 1959, he appeared on Peter Gunn and Adventures in Paradise. His other 50s film credits included appearances in The Buccaneer, Compulsion, The Last Angry Man, there were few television westerns in which Simon did not guest star. In 1962, he played the part of Mackie in the episode House of the Hunter on CBSs Rawhide, Simon appeared as Handy Strong in the 1962 feature film The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. Simon appeared in programs as Crusader, Route 66, Dante, The DuPont Show with June Allyson, Johnny Midnight, Straightaway, The Roaring 20s, Sea Hunt
40.
Press secretary
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They often, but not always, act as the organizations senior spokesperson. Many governments also have deputy press secretaries, a deputy press secretary is typically a mid-level political staffer who assists the press secretary and communications director with aspects of public outreach. They often write the press releases and media advisories for review by the press secretary, there are usually assistant press secretaries and press officers that support the press secretary. Press secretaries give also declarations to the media when an event happens or an issue rises inside an organization. Attaché Chief Cabinet Secretary Office of the Press Secretary Press Office Downing Street Press Secretary Press service Spin Doctor Spokesperson White House Press Secretary
41.
First Lady of the United States
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First Lady of the United States is the informal but accepted title held by the wife of the President of the United States, concurrent with the presidents term of office. Although the first lady’s role has never been codified or officially defined, melania Trump is the current First Lady. While the title was not in use until much later, Martha Washington, the wife of George Washington. During her lifetime she was referred to as Lady Washington. Since the 1790s the role of first lady has changed considerably and it has come to include involvement in political campaigns, management of the White House, championship of social causes, and representation of the president at official and ceremonial occasions. Additionally, over the individual first ladies have held influence in a range of sectors. Historically, should a president be unmarried, or a widower, the use of the title First Lady to describe the spouse or hostess of an executive began in the United States. In the early days of the republic, there was not a generally accepted title for the wife of the president. Indulging in no indolence, she left the pillow at dawn, sometime after 1849, the title began being used in Washington, D. C. social circles. The title first gained recognition in 1877, when newspaper journalist Mary C. Ames referred to Lucy Webb Hayes as the First Lady of the Land while reporting on the inauguration of Rutherford B, the frequent reporting on Lucy Hayes activities helped spread use of the title outside Washington. A popular 1911 comedic play about Dolley Madison by playwright Charles Nirdlinger, titled The First Lady in the Land, by the 1930s, it was in wide use. Use of the later spread from the United States to other nations. The wife of the Vice President of the United States is sometimes referred to as the Second Lady of the United States, the position of the First Lady is not an elected one and carries only ceremonial duties. Nonetheless, first ladies have held a highly visible position in American society, the role of the First Lady has evolved over the centuries. She is, first and foremost, the hostess of the White House and she organizes and attends official ceremonies and functions of state either along with, or in place of, the president. Lisa Burns identifies four main themes of the first ladyship, as public woman, as political celebrity, as political activist. Martha Washington created the role and hosted many affairs of state at the national capital and this socializing became known as the Republican Court and provided elite women with an opportunity to play backstage political role
42.
Tom Sawyer (1973 film)
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Ho-Chunk tribesman Kunu Hank portrayed Injun Joe. The movie was produced by Readers Digest, the films screenplay and songs were written by Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman who would go on to provide more award-winning music for the sequel Huckleberry Finn. Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn play hooky from school and have a plan to revive a dead cat with the spirit of a man named Hoss Williams who is on his death bed. Sawyer and Finn talk with Muff Potter, the town drunk, Muff and Joe meet Robinson and he informs them that they have a job to dig the grave of Williams. Joe is angry that Robinson didnt fix his leg correctly, meanwhile, Tom continues to skip school and comes up with fantastic stories about why hes not home for dinner, where he tricks the children of the town to do his punishment chores for him. After Williams dies, the two go to the cemetery and find out that Muff and Joe are digging up a grave on the advice of Robinson, Joe continues to be angry at Robinson and demands more money for the job. When Robinson refuses, Injun Joe picks up a shovel, accidentally knocking Muff out, hits Doc Robinson into the grave with the shovel, then grabs Muffs knife and jumps in after Doc Robinson. Tom and Huck witness all this and then run off, making a not to tell anyone what they saw. Joe frames Muff for the murder and Muff goes to jail, meanwhile, the beautiful Becky Thatcher moves to town which sends Sawyer into a romantic daze. At the trial for Muff, Tom is unable to contain himself as Joe is called to the stand and lies about the incident, as Tom is called to the stand, he relates what happened, not mentioning that Huck was with him. Suddenly, Injun Joe throws a knife at Tom, narrowly missing Toms head and jumps out the window of the courthouse, after the trial, Tom and Becky get engaged but that quickly ends when Tom mentions hes also engaged to Amy Lawrence. After sulking, Tom is attacked by Finn for breaking the pact, while paddling down the Mississippi, their raft is capsized by a passing riverboat and they end up on an island where they enjoy freedom and muse over what happened to Injun Joe. While on the island, they witness some people dragging the river, Tom and Huck decide to go home and find out that theres a funeral being held for them. The funeral service breaks up when Judge Thatcher sees them in the back of the church, the Widow Douglas takes Finn under her wing after that. Later, at an Independence Day celebration, Tom and Becky go into McDougals Cave for a drink of water from the underground spring, Joe chases them through the cave, intent to kill Tom. However, Judge Thatcher, Muff and Huck catch up to Joe, later, Huck disappears, worrying the Widow Douglas and Tom finds him at the old fishing place where they hang out. Tom berates Huck for worrying Douglas, and Muff decides to leave the town, jodie Foster and Johnny Whitaker had starred in Napoleon and Samantha the previous year. Meramec Caverns in Stanton, Missouri provided the cave settings, another similar film was released on television that same year which was shot at Upper Canada Village, in Ontario
43.
Three Men and a Baby
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Three Men and a Baby is a 1987 American comedy film directed by Leonard Nimoy, and stars Tom Selleck, Steve Guttenberg, Ted Danson and Nancy Travis. It follows the mishaps and adventures of three bachelors as they attempt to adapt their lives to pseudo-fatherhood with the arrival of the child of one of them. The script was based on the 1985 French film Trois hommes et un couffin, the film was the biggest American box office hit of that year, surpassing Fatal Attraction and eventually grossing US$167 million in the US alone. The film won the 1988 Peoples Choice Award for Favorite Comedy Motion Picture and their lives are disrupted when a baby named Mary arrives on their doorstep one day. Mary arrives in his absence – he is in Turkey shooting a B movie, leaving Peter, prior to leaving, Jack had made arrangements with a director friend to have a package delivered to the apartment as a favor. Before Marys arrival, he calls and leaves a message with Peter and Michael informing them of it, when she arrives, they mistakenly believe she is the package, even though there is a note from her mother. Peter and Michael are totally befuddled on how to care for Mary, while he is gone, Mrs. Hathaway, the landlady, delivers a small box to the apartment and Michael tosses it aside while trying to keep Mary under control. After Peter returns, they figure out her proper care, right down to diaper changes, baths. The next day, two men arrive at the apartment to pick up the package, Peter and Michael mistakenly give Mary to them instead, and shortly after they leave, Peter discovers the actual package. He runs downstairs to intercept them, but trips and stumbles, and he gathers it and retrieves Mary from them, but retains the heroin while allowing them to take a can of powdered milk. After the exchange, a police officer attempts to ticket them for illegal parking and he accosts Peter and detains him in the apartment until Sgt. Melkowitz, an officer, arrives to question him and Michael about the drugs. They successfully hide them from him during the interrogation, in which they learn that Jacks friend is a drug dealer as well and he leaves with suspicions and puts them and the apartment under surveillance. Peter and Michael are able to persuade Mrs. Hathaway to babysit Mary while they work, once they get home, however, they find her bound and gagged and the apartment ransacked, apparently by the dealers demanding the heroin. They continue with their care of her, adjusting to surrogate fatherhood and growing attached to her, once Jack returns, Peter and Michael question him about the entire drug deal and Mary. He replies that he knew nothing about the heroin and initially denies everything about Mary until he reads the note from Sylvia and he then recalls the tryst that eventually led to her being born. Peter and Michael do not hesitate in taking their revenge and passing all responsibility of looking after her to him, but he quickly grows to love her. Later, Peter discovers in the mail a news clipping of Jacks director friend being hospitalized after a mugging, with a handwritten note and they formulate a plan to meet and trap them when they negotiate a deal to deliver the illicit goods
44.
Columbo
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Columbo is an American television series starring Peter Falk as Columbo, a homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department. The plot revolves around how a perpetrator whose identity is known to the audience will finally be caught. Columbo is a police detective of Italian descent whose clothes are disheveled and whose trademarks include wearing a rumpled, beige raincoat over his suit. He is consistently underestimated by his suspects who, while initially reassured and distracted by his circumstantial speech, despite his unassuming appearance and apparent absentmindedness, he is extremely intelligent and shrewdly solves all of his cases and secures all evidence needed for a conviction. His formidable eye for detail and relentlessly dedicated approach, often become clear to the only late in the story line. The episodes are all movie-length, between 73 and 100 minutes long, and have been broadcast in forty-four countries, in 2012, the program was chosen as the third-best cop or legal show on Best in TV, The Greatest TV Shows of Our Time. In 2013, TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time, also in 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked it No.57 in the list of 101 Best Written TV Series. After two pilot episodes, the originally aired on NBC from 1971 to 1978 as one of the rotating programs of The NBC Mystery Movie. Columbo then aired less regularly on ABC beginning in 1989 under the umbrella of The ABC Mystery Movie, the last film was broadcast in 2003 as part of ABC Thursday Night at the Movies. In almost every episode the audience sees the crime unfold at the beginning and knows the identity of the culprit, once Columbo enters the story, viewers watch him solve the case by sifting through the contradictions between the truth and the version presented to him by the killer. This style of mystery is sometimes referred to as a howcatchem, episodes tend to be driven by their characters, the audience observing the criminals reaction to Columbos increasingly intrusive presence. In some cases, the arrogance and dismissive attitude allow Columbo to manipulate his suspects into self-incrimination. While details of the actions are shown to the viewer, Columbos true thoughts. Columbo generally maintains a relationship with the murderer until the end. The point at which the detective first begins to suspect the murderer is not revealed. Each case is concluded in a similar style, with Columbo dropping any pretense of uncertainty. Following the killers reaction, the episode ends with the killer confessing or quietly submitting to arrest. There are few attempts to deceive the viewer or provide a twist in the tale, other sources claim Columbos character is also influenced by Inspector Fichet from the French suspense-thriller film Les Diaboliques
45.
The Eleventh Hour (U.S. TV series)
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In 1963, the series shared a two-part crossover episode with Dr. Kildare, both programs used the theme of wise teacher and young intern. The term eleventh hour refers to a time of last resort in a persons life. Ging appeared in both seasons as Dr. Paul Graham, a clinical psychologist to Coreys first-season character of the psychiatrist Dr. Theodore Bassett, the first season hence offered episodes about the mental health of criminals. In the second season, which ended new episodes on April 22,1964, Bellamy replaced Corey in the role of Dr. Richard Starke, the executive producer was Norman Felton, Sam Rolfe was the producer. The Eleventh Hour aired on Wednesdays following Perry Comos Kraft Music Hall, in its first season, The Eleventh Hour was placed opposite the alternating anthology series, Armstrong Circle Theatre and The United States Steel Hour on CBS and the last season of Naked City on ABC. In the second season, The Eleventh Hour faced The Danny Kaye Show variety program on CBS and Channing, a series about life on the campus of a small college. On June 7,2016, Warner Archive Collection will release The Eleventh Hour- The Complete First Season on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time and this is a manufacture-on-demand release, available exclusively through Warners online store and Amazon. com. Breaking Point, a similar TV show The Eleventh Hour at the Internet Movie Database The Eleventh Hour at TV. com
46.
Archie Bunker's Place
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Archie Bunkers Place is an American sitcom produced as a spin-off and continuation of All in the Family that aired on CBS from September 23,1979 to April 4,1983. While not as popular as its predecessor, the show maintained a large audience to last for four seasons. In its first season, the show performed so well that it knocked Mork & Mindy out of its new Sunday night time slot, Archie Bunkers Place continued from All in the Family. During the premiere of Archie Bunkers Place, Bunker takes on a Jewish partner, Murray Klein, the regular patrons include Barney Hefner, Hank Pivnik, and Edgar Van Ranseleer. Archie Bunkers Place was the board for Archies views, support from his friends. Carroll OConnor as Archie Bunker, a worker whose ignorant stubbornness tends to cause his arguments to self-destruct. Jean Stapleton continued to play Archies wife Edith Bunker when Archie Bunkers Place premiered, the show featured Edith occasionally during the first season, but Stapleton decided to leave the series late in 1979, her character was referred to but unseen during the rest of the 1979-1980 season. The writers and producers addressed Stapletons departure in the Season 2 premiere, Archie reflected on his wifes death and eventually began dating again. Murray was Archies Jewish partner, who held views similar to those of Archies son-in-law Michael Stivic. Unlike Mike, Murray was much more tolerant and patient with Archies views, danielle Brisebois as Stephanie Mills, the 10-year-old Jewish daughter of Ediths step-cousin, Floyd Mills. Archie and Edith take Stephanie in after her father, a chronic, unemployed drunk, Stephanie loved to sing and dance, and her talents were showcased in several episodes. Celeste Holm as Estelle Harris, Stephanies wealthy grandmother, who would often be at odds with Archie over his rearing of Stephanie, allan Melvin as Barney Hefner, one of Archies best friends and a regular at the bar. Their friendship was first established in 1972 during an episode of All in the Family and he was then married to a woman named Mabel, after she died, Barney married a friend of Ediths named Blanche, some time around 1977. Blanche left Barney numerous times before the couple divorced in 1979, danny Dayton as Hank Pivnik, another regular and good buddy of Archies. He first appeared in 1976 on All in the Family, Hank disappeared with no explanation given after the 1979-1980 season. Bill Quinn as Edgar Van Ranseleer, a patron and regular at the bar. He was almost never referred to by his first name and his first appearance was in 1978 on All in the Family. Jason Wingreen as Harry Snowden, Archies former business partner, who continued to work at the tavern as a bartender, another holdover character from All in the Family, which Wingreen joined in 1976
47.
Falcon Crest
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Falcon Crest is an American prime time television soap opera that aired for nine seasons on CBS from December 4,1981 to May 17,1990. The series revolved around the feuding factions of the wealthy Gioberti/Channing family in the Californian wine industry, Jane Wyman starred as Angela Channing, the tyrannical matriarch of the Falcon Crest Winery, alongside Robert Foxworth as Chase Gioberti, Angelas nephew who returns after the death of his father. The series was set in the fictitious Tuscany Valley northeast of San Francisco, the show was created by Earl Hamner, Jr. who had previously created The Waltons, which had just finished its final season in 1981. Hamner wanted to create a drama involving the wine industry entitled The Vintage Years. An unaired pilot episode was produced, but CBS requested that Hamner make the show more along the lines of Dallas, the script was rewritten and several cast members changed for what became Falcon Crest. The series first aired in December 1981, when CBS scheduled Falcon Crest at 10 pm on Friday nights, the Dallas-Falcon Crest one-two punch proved lucrative for the network and Falcon Crest was a top-20 show in the Nielsen Ratings for several years. Both shows were produced for CBS by the company, Lorimar Productions. At the center of the action is Angela Channing, a corrupt, when her brother Jason Gioberti dies from a fall in the winery, his son Chase Gioberti arrives to claim his inherited portion of Falcon Crest. The rivalry between Angela and Chase — whom Angela sees as an interloper — sets the tone for much of the series, surrounding Angela are her daughters, Julia and Emma, and her lazy playboy grandson, Lance Cumson, who aids her in her battles against Chase. Julia is chief winemaker, though often feels oppressed by her domineering mother, kind-natured Emma does not work in the family business, but is emotionally troubled. Julias son Lance loves money and yearns for power, but lacks Angelas discipline and her ever-tightening grip on him eventually sends him to work for his grandfathers newspaper, The San Francisco Globe. Aiding Angela in her quest for power is her crooked lawyer, Phillip Erikson. Chases wife Maggie is a writer who later works at The New Globe newspaper, their grown son Cole works at the winery with Chase. Scheming Melissa becomes embroiled in a triangle with Lance and Cole. In the second season, a rival for Angela arrives in the form of conniving Richard Channing. Richard crosses them at every turn and makes attempts to wrest control of Falcon Crest. The distinctive location filming in the Napa Valley and the dry, the rivalry between Angela, Chase, and Richard stayed at the core of the show for several years, as more romantic entanglements spun around them. Lance and Cole found themselves not only caught up in their family battles for control of Falcon Crest, like Dallas and Dynasty, Falcon Crest employed memorable end-of-season cliffhangers to boost ratings
