The Cenepa River is a 185-kilometre (115 mi) stretch of river whose basin borders Ecuador and Peru, in the Cordillera del Cóndor mountain range in South America. Its drainage basin borders to the north on Ecuador, to the east on the districts of Río Santiago and Nieva in Peru, on the south with the district of Imaza, and on the west with Ecuador. The River has been subject to several border disputes between Peru and Ecuador; the most notable was the Cenepa War in 1995. The Awajún, the locals around the Cenepa River Basin, have had issues with the legal certainty of the River due to its cultural significance and resources. The Cenepa River has been impacted by the consequences of military action in the region through skirmishes between Ecuadorian and Peruvian forces along with the establishment of military camps and outposts. Expansion of local communities and the influence of mining have to different degrees interrupted the natural habitats of local fauna and flora. The Cenepa River has had government intervention through the growing recognition of the importance of preservation. This was a direct result of the peace talks that followed the Cenepa War in 1995, also known as the Alto Cenepa War.

The Cordillera del Cóndor is a mountain range in the eastern Andes that is shared by and part of the international border between Ecuador and Peru.