The Central Bank of Malta is the Maltese member of the Eurosystem and has been the monetary authority for Malta from 1968 to 2007, issuing the Maltese lira. Since 2014, it has also been Malta's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision.

The Eurosystem is the monetary authority of the eurozone, the collective of European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their sole official currency. The European Central Bank (ECB) has, under Article 16 of its Statute, the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand.