1.
CentrePointe (Lexington)
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CentrePointe is a proposed residential, commercial, and retail project in Downtown Lexington, Kentucky that has undergone multiple setbacks due to a lack of funding. The current plan as of 2014 consists of a 19-story hotel-condominium tower, a 12-story apartment complex, CentrePointe is not yet in the process of being constructed. The original estimated time of completion was in 2010 as it was intended to serve as a centerpiece for business during the 2010 FEI World Equestrian Games, in addition to the controversy surrounding The Dame, the use of Tax Increment Financing for the development was debated. Initially concern centered on the application of taxpayer money without the inclusion of ideas from those taxpayers and this opposition arose mostly from a common misunderstanding of Tax Increment Financing, which utilizes the boom property tax value from a redevelopment project to fund improvements locally. The issue went before the city council in September 2008, the council voted in favor of utilizing Tax Increment Financing for the project due to the infrastructure improvements for the surrounding area including sidewalks and underground parking structures. On June 25,2009, the process of seeding and filling the CentrePointe construction site began, on September 10,2013, EOP, the architecture firm behind the fifth iteration of the CentrePointe design announced they were pulling out of the project. Preliminary construction began in December 2013 and blasting for the parking structure, the 700-space underground parking garage was expected to be completed by late summer 2014, but was not. Developers are currently trying to sell $30 million in bonds solely devoted towards building the parking garage, as of March 26,2015, minimal construction on the parking garage has been completed. The original plan in 2008 called for a 35-story, 550-foot-tall high rise which would include a hotel, condominiums, retail, the entire development was estimated to cost $250 million and would have become the tallest building in Lexington upon completion. Since 2008 there have been three other designs, the first two entailed one large building that would have covered the entire block. But after Studio Gang Architects became involved in the project in 2011, jeanne Gang, lead architect of Studio Gang Architects, was hired to draft ideas for the CentrePointe project in 2011. She proposed a 30-story tower which would include a boutique hotel, ten floors of apartments, seven floors of condominiums. Her design also called for a building on the intersection of South Limestone Street. In 2012, the Webb Companies released a design that resembled that of Studio Gang Architects, a revised 2013 plan downsized the main high rise to from 28 to 19 floors. It included a 286-room hotel along with 96 apartments and 10,700 square feet of space on the ground floor. The office building was planned to have 157,710 square feet of offices as well as restaurants, the development is estimated to cost US $393.9 million. The hotel-condominium tower was modified by architectural firm Rabun Rasche Rector Reece in 2014, a terrace on the twelfth floor of the tower was added along with a contemporary glass facade. The first eleven floors will serve as a 205-room Marriott hotel while the seven floors are reserved for condominiums
2.
College Ward
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College Ward or Ward 8 is a city ward in Ottawa, Canadas west end. Prior to the 2006 election, College Ward was known as Baseline Ward and it was incorporated into the city with amalgamation in 2001. Previously, the ward existed on the earlier Ottawa-Carleton Regional Council, the ward is represented on city council by Rick Chiarelli. The ward has an population of 55,000 and an area of 46.2 km2. The ward is named for Algonquin College, prior to amalgamation, the area now covered by College Ward in Ottawas west end was in Carleton Ward. It was created in 1950, when Ottawas west end was annexed from Nepean Township, the ward eventually became smaller and smaller, and by 1972 it only consisted of the area south of the Queensway and west of Clyde Avenue
3.
Ottawa
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Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, the two form the core of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area and the National Capital Region. The 2016 census reported a population of 934,243, making it the fourth-largest city in Canada, the City of Ottawa reported that the city had an estimated population of 960,754 as of December 2015. Founded in 1826 as Bytown, and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855, the city name Ottawa was chosen in reference to the Ottawa River nearby, the name of which is derived from the Algonquin Odawa, meaning to trade. The city is the most educated in Canada, and is home to a number of post-secondary, research, and cultural institutions, including the National Arts Centre, Ottawa also has the highest standard of living in the nation and low unemployment. It ranked second out of 150 worldwide in the Numbeo quality of life index 2014–2015, with the draining of the Champlain Sea around ten thousand years ago the Ottawa Valley became habitable. The area was used for wild harvesting, hunting, fishing, trade, travel. The Ottawa river valley has archaeological sites with arrow heads, pottery, the area has three major rivers that meet, making it an important trade and travel area for thousands of years. The Algonquins called the Ottawa River Kichi Sibi or Kichissippi meaning Great River or Grand River, Étienne Brûlé, the first European to travel up the Ottawa River, passed by Ottawa in 1610 on his way to the Great Lakes. Three years later, Samuel de Champlain wrote about the waterfalls of the area and about his encounters with the Algonquins, the early explorers and traders were later followed by many missionaries. The first maps of the area used the word Ottawa to name the river, philemon Wright, a New Englander, created the first settlement in the area on 7 March 1800 on the north side of the river, across from Ottawa in Hull. He, with five other families and twenty-five labourers, set about to create a community called Wrightsville. Wright pioneered the Ottawa Valley timber trade by transporting timber by river from the Ottawa Valley to Quebec City, the following year, the town would soon be named after British military engineer Colonel John By who was responsible for the entire Rideau Waterway construction project. Colonel By set up military barracks on the site of todays Parliament Hill and he also laid out the streets of the town and created two distinct neighbourhoods named Upper Town west of the canal and Lower Town east of the canal. Similar to its Upper Canada and Lower Canada namesakes, historically Upper Town was predominantly English speaking and Protestant whereas Lower Town was predominantly French, Irish, bytowns population grew to 1,000 as the Rideau Canal was being completed in 1832. In 1855 Bytown was renamed Ottawa and incorporated as a city, William Pittman Lett was installed as the first city clerk guiding it through 36 years of development. On New Years Eve 1857, Queen Victoria, as a symbolic, in reality, Prime Minister John A. Macdonald had assigned this selection process to the Executive Branch of the Government, as previous attempts to arrive at a consensus had ended in deadlock
4.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
5.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
6.
Nepean, Ontario
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Nepean /nəˈpiːən/ is a part of Ottawa, Ontario, located west of Ottawas inner core. It was formerly a city in its own right until amalgamated with the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton in 2001 to become the new city of Ottawa, however, the name Nepean continues in common usage in reference to the area. The population of Nepean is about 180,000 people, as with the rest of the National Capital Region, however, Nepeans economy was also heavily dependent on federal government employment. Most of Nepeans employed residents commute to downtown Ottawa or Kanata for work, Nepeans policies of operational and capital budgeting prudence contrasted with the budget philosophies of some other municipalities in the area. Nepean instituted a strict pay-as-you-go budgeting scheme, the city entered amalgamation with a large surplus and a record of tax restraint. However, most big-ticket municipal infrastructure items were the responsibility of the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton, hydro services were the responsibility of the Hydro-Electric Commission of the City of Nepean. Education in the City of Nepean was provided by the Carleton Board of Education, prior to amalgamation, Nepeans City Council spent many tax dollars aggressively campaigning against what they referred to as the megacity model. These efforts were in vain, as the one-city model eventually prevailed, Nepean has a humid continental climate, with warm, humid summers and cold winters. The summers start in early June and end in early September with a summer high temperature of 27 °C. In Nepean, summers have about 220 mm of rain, there is a 95% chance that all the precipitation comes by thunderstorms in the summer. There is also a chance of cool, average rainy days in the summertime. Nepean is also the Ottawa suburb that has the most hours of sunshine, in the winter, Nepean gets about 150–200 cm of snow yearly with an average temperature of −5 °C. Spring starts around late March and lasts until late May, with temperatures of about 10–15 °C, the springtime has about 165 mm of rain a year. The average temperature for fall is around 10 °C, autumn is the driest season in Nepean with only 100 mm of rainfall annually. The gardening zone for this area is 6A, Nepean Township, originally known as Township D, was established in 1792 and originally included what is now the central area of Ottawa west of the Rideau River. Jehiel Collins, from Vermont, is believed to have been the first person to settle in Nepean Township, Nepean was incorporated as a city on November 24,1978. The geographic boundaries of Nepean changed considerably over time, the original town hall of the township of Nepean was located in Westboro. Nepeans centre then moved to the community of Bells Corners, in the 1950 and 1960s, Nepeans urban area began to expand in previous rural areas in such areas as the community of Centrepointe in the east, and the community of Barrhaven in the south
7.
Baseline Road (Ottawa)
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Baseline Road is a road in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Baseline runs from Richmond Road east in a straight line until it ends at the Heron Road Bridge over the Rideau River, before the 2001 City of Ottawa amalgamation, Baseline formed the border of the city of Ottawa and Nepean. The street is named for its location as the baseline for Nepean Township, when Nepean Township was surveyed, Baseline formed the northern boundary of Nepeans six north–south concessions. Currently, Baseline is a major east–west street, and in the late 90s it became so busy that Hunt Club Road had to be extended west of the Rideau River to alleviate pressure. Points of interest on Baseline include the Queensway Carleton Hospital, the Boy Scouts Museum, Algonquin College, Baseline Road is a four-lane principal arterial road for its entire length, except between Centrepointe Drive and Navaho Drive, where it is a five-lane/six-lane arterial. The speed limit is 60 km/h for most of its length except a short section west of Greenbank Road, ramsayville Road in southeast Ottawa used to be called Base Line Road before 2003. The name had to be changed when the city of Gloucester amalgamated with the city of Ottawa. In the future, Baseline Road will have bus lanes between Navaho Drive and Prince of Wales Drive to speed up service in this stretch due to constant heavy traffic
8.
Woodroffe Avenue
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Woodroffe Avenue is the major north-south arterial road in Ottawa, Ontario, Canadas west end. It runs south from the Sir John A. Macdonald Parkway through Baseline Road to Prince of Wales Drive towards the communities of Manotick, the road runs through the heart of Nepean in Ottawas west end. A satellite Via Rail station is located at the intersection of Fallowfield Road. The northern part of the road, from the Ottawa River to Carling Avenue contains a mix of homes and this includes Our Lady Of Fatima Catholic Church, Woodroffe Avenue United Church, Woodroffe Avenue Public School, and the Carlingwood branch of the Ottawa Public Library. Near Carling Avenue, Woodroffe runs along the edge of the Carlingwood Mall. South of Carling Avenue the avenue is considerably busier, especially around the intersection with the Queensway and this portion of the road is home to St. Pauls Presbyterian Church and D. Roy Kennedy Public School. At Baseline Road the road runs past Algonquin College and the College Square shopping plaza, just to the west is Ben Franklin Place, in the heart of the community of Centrepointe, and the Baseline Station transit complex. South of Meadowlands Drive, Woodroffe Avenue passes through suburban residential areas. The most notable site in this area is the large Nepean Sportsplex, after passing through a portion of the Greenbelt, Woodroffe Avenue runs through Barrhaven, serving as the main street of that bedroom community. South of Barrhaven it again goes through some areas, before ending at Prince of Wales Drive just west of the Rideau River. Woodroffe Avenue has a few unusual features, first, it changes alignment significantly at Carling Avenue, requiring a couple of turns. Second, the section south of Baseline Road includes dedicated bus lanes as it incorporates the Southwest Transitway. Finally, south of Hunt Club Road, it was quite narrow, however, the road was recently widened to four lanes to improve traffic flow between Hunt Club Road and Fallowfield Road. A new section of the Transitway was recently built alongside this road, the geometrics and design of Woodroffe Avenue change rapidly from section to section. The northernmost section north of Carling is mostly a minor arterial road. These sections have a limit of 50 km/h. From Baseline Road to south of Hunt Club Road, Woodroffe Avenue is a four to six-lane principal arterial with a limit of 60 km/h. From Hunt Club Road to Strandherd Drive, Woodroffe Avenue is mostly a four-lane arterial road, the speed limit is 80 km/h for the most part, with a short section at 70 km/h
9.
Canadian National Railway
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The Canadian National Railway Company is a Canadian Class I railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec that serves Canada and the Midwestern and Southern United States. CNs slogan is North Americas Railroad, CN is a public company with 24,000 employees. It had a capitalization of 32 billion CAD in 2011. CN was government-owned, having been a Canadian Crown corporation from its founding to its privatization in 1995, bill Gates was, in 2011, the largest single shareholder of CN stock. Its range once reached across the island of Newfoundland until 1988, the railway was referred to as the Canadian National Railways between 1918 and 1960, and as Canadian National/Canadien National from 1960 to the present. On November 17,1995, the government privatized CN. Over the next decade, the company expanded significantly into the United States, purchasing Illinois Central Railroad and Wisconsin Central Transportation, now primarily a freight railway, CN also operated passenger services until 1978, when they were assumed by Via Rail. The Newfoundland mixed trains lasted until 1988, while the Montreal commuter trains are now operated by Montreals AMT, the absorption of the Intercolonial Railway would see CNR adopt that systems slogan The Peoples Railway. The federal governments Department of Railways and Canals took over operation of the GTPR until July 12,1920, the Canadian National Railway was organized on October 10,1922. After several years of arbitration, the GTR was absorbed into CNR on January 30,1923, Canadian National Railways was born out of both wartime and domestic urgency. Railways, until the rise of the automobile and creation of taxpayer-funded all-weather highways, were the only viable long-distance land transportation available in Canada for many years. As such, their operation consumed a great deal of public, in the early 20th century, many governments were taking a more interventionist role in the economy, foreshadowing the influence of economists like John Maynard Keynes. This political trend, combined with broader geo-political events, made nationalization an appealing choice for Canada, the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 and allied involvement in the Russian Revolution seemed to validate the continuing process. The need for a rail system was paramount in a time of civil unrest. CN Telegraph originated as the Great North West Telegraph Company in 1880 to connect Ontario and Manitoba, in 1915, facing bankruptcy, GNWTC was acquired by the Canadian Northern Railways telegraph company. When Canadian Northern was nationalized in 1918 and amalgamated into Canadian National Railways in 1921, CN Telegraphs began co-operating with its Canadian Pacific owned rival CPR Telegraphs in the 1930s, sharing telegraph networks and co-founding a teleprinter system in 1957. In 1967 the two services were amalgamated into a joint venture CNCP Telecommunications which evolved into a telecoms company, CN sold its stake of the company to CP in 1984. This led to the creation of a network of CNR radio stations across the country, as anyone in the vicinity of a station could hear its broadcasts the networks audience extended far beyond train passengers to the public at large
