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Chaff (countermeasure)
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Chaff, originally called Window or Düppel, is a radar countermeasure involving the dispersal of thin strips of aluminium, metallized glass fiber, or plastic. Dispersed chaff produces a large radar cro
Modern US Navy RR-144 (top) and RR-129 (bottom) chaff countermeasures and containers. Note how the strips of the RR-129 chaff (bottom) are of differen
Modern US Navy RR-144 (top) and RR-129 (bottom) chaff countermeasures and containers. Note how the strips of the RR-129 chaff (bottom) are of different widths, while those of the RR-144 (top) are all the same width. The RR-144 is designed to prevent interference with civil ATC radar systems.
A factory worker producing chaff during World War II
A factory worker producing chaff during World War II
A Lancaster dropping chaff (the crescent-shaped white cloud on the left of the picture) over Essen during a thousand-bomber raid
A Lancaster dropping chaff (the crescent-shaped white cloud on the left of the picture) over Essen during a thousand-bomber raid
Two forms of RAF "Window" radar countermeasure: chopped aluminium wire and paper backed with aluminium foil
Two forms of RAF "Window" radar countermeasure: chopped aluminium wire and paper backed with aluminium foil
Würzburg radar
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The low-UHF band Würzburg radar was the primary ground-based tracking radar for the Wehrmacht's Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine during World War II. Initial development took place before the war and the ap
Chaff (countermeasure)
…codenamed Mandrel, Piperack, Jostle and Carpet. Mandrel was an airborne jammer targeted at the German Freya radars, while Carpet targeted the gun-laying Würzburg radar. Ignorance about the extent of knowledge of the principle in the opposing air force led planners to judge that it was too dangerous to use, since the…
Würzburg-Riese at Military History Museum, Gatow Airport, Berlin
Würzburg-Riese at Military History Museum, Gatow Airport, Berlin
Würzburg D in use. The quirl conical scanning antenna is prominent.
Würzburg D in use. The quirl conical scanning antenna is prominent.
Würzburg A folded for travel. Note the simple antenna system.
Würzburg A folded for travel. Note the simple antenna system.
Details of the rotating quirl dipole. The flat disk on the left, the reflector, faces the target. The rotating dipole emits toward the reflector, whic
Details of the rotating quirl dipole. The flat disk on the left, the reflector, faces the target. The rotating dipole emits toward the reflector, which reflects the signal to the right. The main antenna dish would be positioned out of frame on the right, where it would focus the signal into a narrow beam facing the target.