1.
Russell Lee (photographer)
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Russell Lee was an American photographer and photojournalist, best known for his work for the Farm Security Administration. His technically excellent images documented the ethnography of various American classes and cultures, the son of Burton Lee and wife Adeline Werner, Lee grew up in Ottawa, Illinois and went to the Culver Military Academy in Culver, Indiana for high school. He earned a degree in engineering from Lehigh University in Bethlehem. He gave up an excellent position as a chemist to become a painter, originally he used photography as a precursor to his painting, but soon became interested in photography for its own sake, recording the people and places around him. Among his earliest subjects were Pennsylvanian bootleg mining and the Father Divine cult, in the fall of 1936, during the Great Depression, Lee was hired for the federally sponsored Farm Security Administration photographic documentation project of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration. He joined a team assembled under Roy Stryker, along with Dorothea Lange, Arthur Rothstein, Lee created some of the iconic images produced by the FSA, including photographic studies of San Augustine, Texas in 1939, and Pie Town, New Mexico in 1940. He worked for the United States Department of the Interior in 1946 and 1947 and he created over 4,000 photographs of miners and their working conditions in coal mines. In 1946, Lee completed a series of focused on a Pentecostal Church of God in a Kentucky coal camp. While completing the DOI work, Lee also continued to work under Stryker, some 80,000 of those photographs have been donated by Exxon Corporation to the University of Louisville in Kentucky. In 1947 Lee moved to Austin, Texas and continued photography, in 1965 he became the first instructor of photography at the University of Texas. In 2016 Lee Elementary, a school in the Austin Independent School District, will be renamed Russell Lee Elementary in honor of the photographer, replacing the original namesake, Robert E Lee. Brisco - A Guide to the Russell Lee Photograph Collection, University of Texas Russell Lees FSA Photos of Pie Town, New Mexico Museum of Art
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
U.S. state
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A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
4.
New Mexico
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New Mexico is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. It was admitted to the Union as the 47th state on January 6,1912 and it is usually considered one of the Mountain States. New Mexico is fifth by area, the 36th-most populous, inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years before European exploration, New Mexico was colonized by the Spanish in 1598 Imperial Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain. Later, it was part of independent Mexico before becoming a U. S. territory and eventually a U. S. state as a result of the Mexican–American War. Among U. S. states, New Mexico has the highest percentage of Hispanics, the major Native American nations in the state are Navajo, Pueblo, and Apache peoples. The demography and culture of the state are shaped by these strong Hispanic and Native American influences and its scarlet and gold colors are taken from the royal standards of Spain, along with the ancient sun symbol of the Zia, a Pueblo-related tribe. New Mexico, or Nuevo México in Spanish, is incorrectly believed to have taken its name from the nation of Mexico. The name simply stuck, even though the area had no connection to Mexico or the Mexica Indian tribes, Mexico, formerly a part of New Spain, adopted its name centuries later in 1821, after winning independence from Spanish rule. New Mexico was a part of the independent Mexican Empire and Federal Republic of Mexico for 27 years,1821 through 1848, New Mexico and Mexico developed as neighboring Spanish-speaking communities under Spanish rule, with relatively independent histories. The states total area is 121,412 square miles, the eastern border of New Mexico lies along 103° W longitude with the state of Oklahoma, and 2.2 miles west of 103° W longitude with Texas. On the southern border, Texas makes up the eastern two-thirds, while the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora make up the western third, the western border with Arizona runs along the 109°03 W longitude. The southwestern corner of the state is known as the Bootheel, the 37° N latitude parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado. The states New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah come together at the Four Corners in the corner of New Mexico. New Mexico, although a state, has very little water. Its surface water area is about 250 square miles, the New Mexican landscape ranges from wide, rose-colored deserts to broken mesas to high, snow-capped peaks. Despite New Mexicos arid image, heavily forested mountain wildernesses cover a significant portion of the state, the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, the southernmost part of the Rocky Mountains, run roughly north-south along the east side of the Rio Grande in the rugged, pastoral north. The most important of New Mexicos rivers are the Rio Grande, Pecos, Canadian, San Juan, the Rio Grande is tied for the fourth-longest river in the United States. Tourists visiting these sites bring significant money to the state, other areas of geographical and scenic interest include Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument and the Gila Wilderness in the southwest of the state
5.
Taos County, New Mexico
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Taos County is a county in the U. S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,937, the county was formed in 1852 as one of the original nine counties in New Mexico Territory. Taos County comprises the Taos, NM Micropolitan Statistical Area, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,204 square miles, of which 2,203 square miles is land and 1.3 square miles is water. The countys highest point is the summit of Wheeler Peak at 13,161 feet and this is also the highest natural point in New Mexico. The county has the highest mean elevation of any U. S. county outside of Colorado, Taos County contains 17 of New Mexicos highest 25 peaks. The population density was 14 people per square mile, there were 17,404 housing units at an average density of 8 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 57. 94% of the population,32. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the family size was 2.98. In the county, the population was out with 24. 50% under the age of 18,6. 90% from 18 to 24,27. 40% from 25 to 44,28. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 96.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.70 males, the median income for a household in the county was $26,762, and the median income for a family was $33,995. Males had an income of $27,310 versus $21,121 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,103, about 16. 10% of families and 20. 90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24. 60% of those under age 18 and 20. 80% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 32,937 people,14,806 households, the population density was 15.0 inhabitants per square mile. There were 20,265 housing units at a density of 9.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 68. 7% white,6. 2% American Indian,0. 7% Asian,0. 4% black or African American,19. 1% from other races, and 4. 9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 55. 8% of the population, in terms of ancestry,10. 8% were English,10. 3% were German,9. 0% were Irish, and 1. 2% were American. The average household size was 2.19 and the family size was 2.85
6.
2000 United States Census
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This was the twenty-second federal census and was at the time the largest civilly administered peacetime effort in the United States. Approximately 16 percent of households received a form of the 2000 census. Full documentation on the 2000 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Microdata from the 2000 census is available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2072. The U. S. resident population includes the number of people in the 50 states. The Bureau also enumerated the residents of the U. S. territory of Puerto Rico, its population was 3,808,610, the 2000 Census was the first time survey options for multiracial Americans were provided. S. Households had access to computers, 42% have Internet access, regionally, the South and West experienced the bulk of the nations population increase,14,790,890 and 10,411,850, respectively. This meant that the center of U. S. population moved to Phelps County. The Northeast grew by 2,785,149, the Midwest by 4,724,144, the results of the census are used to determine how many congressional districts each state is apportioned. Congress defines the formula, in accordance with Title 2 of the U. S. Code, each member of the House represents a population of about 647,000. The populations of the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are excluded from the apportionment population because they do not have voting seats in the U. S, since the first census in 1790, the decennial count has been the basis for the United States representative form of government. Article I, Section II specifies that The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, in 1790, each member of the House represented about 34,000 residents. Since then, the House more than quadrupled in size, today, each member represents about 20 times as many constituents. This recommendation was followed by the Secretary of Commerce, after the census was tabulated, Utah challenged the results in two different ways. Utah was extremely close to gaining a fourth seat, falling 857 people short. The margin was later shortened to 80 people, after the government discovered that it overcounted the population of North Carolina by 2,673 residents. Utah claimed that individuals traveling abroad as religious missionaries should be counted as residents, almost half of all Mormon missionaries, more than 11,000 individuals, were from Utah, only 102 came from North Carolina
7.
Mountain Time Zone
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The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time at the 105th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory. In the United States, the specification for the location of time zones. In the United States and Canada, this zone is generically called Mountain Time. Specifically, it is Mountain Standard Time when observing standard time, the term refers to the fact that the Rocky Mountains, which range from northwestern Canada to the US state of New Mexico, are located almost entirely in the time zone. In Mexico, this zone is known as the Pacific Zone. In the United States and Canada, the Mountain Time Zone is one ahead of the Pacific Time Zone and one hour behind the Central Time Zone. Sonora in Mexico and most of Arizona in the United States do not observe daylight saving time, and during the spring, summer, and autumn months they are on the same time as Pacific Daylight Time. The Navajo Nation, most of which lies within Arizona, does observe DST, although the Hopi Nation, as well as some Arizona state offices lying within the Navajo Nation, the largest city in the Mountain Time Zone is Phoenix, Arizona. TV broadcasting in the Mountain Time Zone is typically tape-delayed one hour, sonora – no daylight saving time, always on MST. Sinaloa Revillagigedo Islands, three of the four islands have the time as Mountain Time Zone, Isla Socorro, San Benedicto Island. The following states or areas are part of the Mountain Time Zone, Arizona – no daylight saving time, always on MST, except on the Navajo Nation. Colorado Idaho – southern half, south of the Salmon River Kansas – only the counties of Sherman, Wallace, Greeley and Hamilton, the remaining three counties that border Colorado, Cheyenne, Morton and Stanton, observe Central Time, as do all other Kansas counties. However, the state of Oklahoma is officially in the Central Time Zone. Additionally, northwestern Culberson County, Texas unofficially observes Mountain Time
8.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
9.
ZIP Code
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ZIP Codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service since 1963. The term ZIP, an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan, was chosen to suggest that the travels more efficiently, and therefore more quickly. The basic format consists of five numerical digits, an extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in 1983, includes the five digits of the ZIP Code, a hyphen, and four additional digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP Code. The term ZIP Code was originally registered as a servicemark by the U. S. Postal Service, USPS style for ZIP is all caps and the c in code is also capitalized, although style sheets for some publications use sentence case or lowercase. The early history and context of postal codes began with postal district/zone numbers, the United States Post Office Department implemented postal zones for numerous large cities in 1943. For example, Mr. John Smith 3256 Epiphenomenal Avenue Minneapolis 16, by the early 1960s a more organized system was needed, and on July 1,1963, non-mandatory five-digit ZIP Codes were introduced nationwide. Three months later, on October 1,1963, the U. S, an earlier list in June had proposed capitalized abbreviations ranging from two to five letters. The abbreviations have remained unchanged, with one exception, according to the historian of the U. S. Robert Moon, an employee of the post office, is considered the father of the ZIP Code, he submitted his proposal in 1944 while working as a postal inspector. The post office gives credit to Moon only for the first three digits of the ZIP Code, which describe the sectional center facility or sec center, an SCF is a central mail processing facility with those three digits. The SCF sorts mail to all post offices with those first three digits in their ZIP Codes, the mail is sorted according to the final two digits of the ZIP Code and sent to the corresponding post offices in the early morning. Sectional centers do not deliver mail and are not open to the public, Mail picked up at post offices is sent to their own SCF in the afternoon, where the mail is sorted overnight. The United States Post Office used a character, which it called Mr. ZIP. He was often depicted with a such as USE ZIP CODE in the selvage of panes of stamps or on labels contained in, or the covers of. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded ZIP Code system that it called ZIP+4, often called plus-four codes, add-on codes, or add ons. But initial attempts to promote use of the new format met with public resistance. For Post Office Boxes, the rule is that each box has its own ZIP+4 code. However, there is no rule, so the ZIP+4 Code must be looked up individually for each box. It is common to use add-on code 9998 for mail addressed to the postmaster,9999 for general delivery, for a unique ZIP Code, the add-on code is typically 0001
10.
Area code 505
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North American area code 505 is a state of New Mexico telephone area code which was one of the original area codes established in October 1947. Until October 7,2007, it covered the state of New Mexico. It currently serves the northwestern and central portions of the state, including the Albuquerque metropolitan area, Santa Fe, due to the increasing demand for new numbers, area code 505 was split on October 7,2007. Northwestern and central New Mexico continued to be served by the 505 area code, the issue was decided in 2006 by vote of the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission, with a 3-2 majority in favor of allowing the Albuquerque area to keep the old area code. The question of how to implement a new code was a contentious one. The 505 is a term indicating the state of New Mexico. NANPA Area Code Map of New Mexico List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload. com,505 Area Code
11.
Geographic Names Information System
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It is a type of gazetteer. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the United States Board on Geographic Names to promote the standardization of feature names, the database is part of a system that includes topographic map names and bibliographic references. The names of books and historic maps that confirm the feature or place name are cited, variant names, alternatives to official federal names for a feature, are also recorded. Each feature receives a permanent, unique feature record identifier, sometimes called the GNIS identifier, the database never removes an entry, except in cases of obvious duplication. The GNIS accepts proposals for new or changed names for U. S. geographical features, the general public can make proposals at the GNIS web site and can review the justifications and supporters of the proposals. The Bureau of the Census defines Census Designated Places as a subset of locations in the National Geographic Names Database, U. S. Postal Service Publication 28 gives standards for addressing mail. In this publication, the postal service defines two-letter state abbreviations, street identifiers such as boulevard and street, department of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey, National Mapping Division, Digital Gazeteer, Users Manual. Least Heat Moon, William, Blue Highways, A Journey Into America, standard was withdrawn in September 2008, See Federal Register Notice, Vol.73, No. 170, page 51276 Report, Principles, Policies, and Procedures, Domestic Geographic Names, U. S. Postal Service Publication 28, November 2000. Board on Geographic Names website Geographic Names Information System Proposals from the general public Meeting minutes
12.
High Road to Taos
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The 56-mile High Road to Taos is a scenic, winding road through the Sangre de Cristo Mountains between Santa Fe and Taos. It winds through high desert, mountains, forests, small farms, scattered along the way are the galleries and studios of traditional artisans and artists drawn by the natural beauty. It has been recognized by the state of New Mexico as an official Scenic Byway, the High Road to Taos Scenic Byway begins north of Santa Fe in Pojoaque, New Mexico, at the intersection of U. S. 285/84 and State Road 503. It continues along State Road 503 to Nambé Pueblo, founded in the 14th century, Nambé means People of the Round Earth in Tewa, their native language. The pueblo plaza is a registered National Historic Landmark, the church on State Road 503 is not original, ill-considered efforts to restore the grand original church caused it to collapse. The pueblo encompasses 19,000 acres of land with waterfalls, lakes, until about 1830, Nambe was known for a pottery style called Nambe Polychrome. Today, pottery is making a comeback, especially black-on-black and red-on-white, the road continues through the rolling hills and wind-carved hoodoos of the badlands. At 7.5 miles, the High Road turns left onto State Road 98, visitors often stop at the historic Santuario de Chimayó. Built between 1811 and 1816, this church is visited by pilgrims from all over the United States and old Mexico, especially on Good Friday of Easter week. A little farther on is the Rancho de Chimayó Restaurant, housed in an adobe building. Chimayó also has many traditional weaving studios owned by descendants of the original Spanish settlers, where State Road 98 dead-ends, the road turns right onto State Road 76 and begins the climb into the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and the little villages of the High Road. First is Córdova, a collection of narrow streets above a river valley, a very short drive takes you into the village and back to State Road 76. The road continues to climb to the top of a mesa and the village of Truchas. This Hispanic farming community once furnished the set for the version of the John Nichols novel The Milagro Beanfield War. Truchas was established by a land grant in 1754 to create a buffer against nomadic Apache and Comanche bands who often raided both Spanish villages and Native American pueblos. Hence, it was built as a compound around a plaza. Its settlers hand-dug miles of acequias to bring water from the river that gave the town its name. Although todays residents still work their farms, many also commute to jobs in Santa Fe or Los Alamos, a few still make their living as traditional craftspeople alongside the many European-American artists and galleries that have been drawn to Truchass mountain views
13.
United States Census Bureau
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The United States Census Bureau is a principal agency of the U. S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureaus primary mission is conducting the U. S. Census every ten years, in addition to the decennial census, the Census Bureau continually conducts dozens of other censuses and surveys, including the American Community Survey, the U. S. Economic Census, and the Current Population Survey, furthermore, economic and foreign trade indicators released by the federal government typically contain data produced by the Census Bureau. The Bureaus various censuses and surveys help allocate over $400 billion in federal funds every year and help states, local communities, the Census Bureau is part of the U. S. Department of Commerce and its director is appointed by the President of the United States. The Census Bureau now conducts a population count every 10 years in years ending with a 0. Between censuses, the Census Bureau makes population estimates and projections, the Census Bureau is mandated with fulfilling these obligations, the collecting of statistics about the nation, its people, and economy. The Census Bureaus legal authority is codified in Title 13 of the United States Code, the Census Bureau also conducts surveys on behalf of various federal government and local government agencies on topics such as employment, crime, health, consumer expenditures, and housing. Within the bureau, these are known as surveys and are conducted perpetually between and during decennial population counts. The Census Bureau also conducts surveys of manufacturing, retail, service. Between 1790 and 1840, the census was taken by marshals of the judicial districts, the Census Act of 1840 established a central office which became known as the Census Office. Several acts followed that revised and authorized new censuses, typically at the 10-year intervals, in 1902, the temporary Census Office was moved under the Department of Interior, and in 1903 it was renamed the Census Bureau under the new Department of Commerce and Labor. The department was intended to consolidate overlapping statistical agencies, but Census Bureau officials were hindered by their role in the department. An act in 1920 changed the date and authorized manufacturing censuses every 2 years, in 1929, a bill was passed mandating the House of Representatives be reapportioned based on the results of the 1930 Census. In 1954, various acts were codified into Title 13 of the US Code, by law, the Census Bureau must count everyone and submit state population totals to the U. S. President by December 31 of any year ending in a zero. States within the Union receive the results in the spring of the following year, the United States Census Bureau defines four statistical regions, with nine divisions. The Census Bureau regions are widely used. for data collection, the Census Bureau definition is pervasive. Title 13 of the U. S. Code establishes penalties for the disclosure of this information, all Census employees must sign an affidavit of non-disclosure prior to employment. The Bureau cannot share responses, addresses or personal information with anyone including United States or foreign government, only after 72 years does the information collected become available to other agencies or the general public
14.
Census
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A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population, the term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses, other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications, the word is of Latin origin, during the Roman Republic, the census was a list that kept track of all adult males fit for military service. Current administrative data systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the level of detail but raise concerns about privacy. A census can be contrasted with sampling in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population, typically main population estimates are updated by such intercensal estimates. Modern census data are used for research, business marketing, and planning. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in opinion polling, similarly, stratification requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions. In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide accurate information than attempts to get a population census. A census is often construed as the opposite of a sample as its intent is to count everyone in a rather than a fraction. However, population censuses rely on a frame to count the population. This is the way to be sure that everyone has been included as otherwise those not responding would not be followed up on. The fundamental premise of a census is that the population is not known, the use of a sampling frame is counterintuitive as it suggests that the population size is already known. However, a census is also used to collect data on the individuals in the nation. This process of sampling marks the difference between historical census, which was a house to house process or the product of a decree. The sampling frame used by census is almost always an address register, thus it is not known if there is anyone resident or how many people there are in each household. Depending on the mode of enumeration, a form is sent to the householder, as a preliminary to the dispatch of forms, census workers will check any address problems on the ground. While it may seem straightforward to use the postal service file for this purpose, a particular problem is what are termed communal establishments which category includes student residences, religious orders, homes for the elderly, people in prisons etc
15.
Population density
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Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume, it is a quantity of type number density. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and most of the time to humans and it is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by land area or water volume. Low densities may cause a vortex and lead to further reduced fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it, commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another territory, or the entire world. The worlds population is around 7,000,000,000, therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,000,000,000 ÷510,000,000 =13.7 per km2. If only the Earths land area of 150,000,000 km2 is taken into account and this includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to over 50 people per km2, thus, this number by itself does not give any helpful measurement of human population density. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states, microstates, cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely populated cities are in Southeast Asia, though Cairo, for instance, Milwaukee has a greater population density when just the inner city is measured, and the surrounding suburbs excluded. Arithmetic density, The total number of people / area of land, physiological density, The total population / area of arable land. Agricultural density, The total rural population / area of arable land, residential density, The number of people living in an urban area / area of residential land. Urban density, The number of people inhabiting an urban area / total area of urban land, ecological optimum, The density of population that can be supported by the natural resources. S. States by population density Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Density
16.
Marriage
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The definition of marriage varies according to different cultures, but it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged. In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity, when defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal. Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire. In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, conversely, such practices may be outlawed and penalized in parts of the world out of concerns for womens rights and because of international law. These trends coincide with the human rights movement. Marriage can be recognized by a state, an organization, an authority, a tribal group. It is often viewed as a contract, Marriages can be performed in a secular civil ceremony or in a religious setting via a wedding ceremony. The act of marriage usually creates normative or legal obligations between the individuals involved, and any offspring they may produce, some cultures allow the dissolution of marriage through divorce or annulment. In some areas, child marriages and polygamy may occur in spite of laws against the practice. For example, the number of marriages in Europe decreased by 30% from 1975 to 2005 and these changes have occurred primarily in Western countries. The word marriage derives from Middle English mariage, which first appears in 1250–1300 CE and this in turn is derived from Old French, marier, and ultimately Latin, marītāre, meaning to provide with a husband or wife and marītāri meaning to get married. The adjective marīt-us -a, -um meaning matrimonial or nuptial could also be used in the form as a noun for husband. Anthropologists have proposed several competing definitions of marriage in an attempt to encompass the wide variety of marital practices observed across cultures, even within Western culture, definitions of marriage have careened from one extreme to another and everywhere in between. The anthropological handbook Notes and Queries defined marriage as a union between a man and a such that children born to the woman are the recognized legitimate offspring of both partners. In recognition of a practice by the Nuer people of Sudan allowing women to act as a husband in certain circumstances, Kathleen Gough suggested modifying this to a woman, none of these men had legal rights to the womans child. Economic anthropologist Duran Bell has criticized the definition on the basis that some societies do not require marriage for legitimacy. He argued that a definition of marriage is circular in societies where illegitimacy has no other legal or social implications for a child other than the mother being unmarried. In 1955 article in Man, Leach argued that no one definition of marriage applied to all cultures and he offered a list of ten rights associated with marriage, including sexual monopoly and rights with respect to children, with specific rights differing across cultures
17.
Poverty threshold
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The poverty threshold, poverty limit or poverty line is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. In practice, like the definition of poverty, the official or common understanding of the poverty line is higher in developed countries than in developing countries. In 2008, the World Bank came out with a figure of $1.25 at 2005 purchasing-power parity, the new IPL replaces the $1.25 per day figure, which used 2005 data. Most scholars agree that it better reflects todays reality, particularly new price levels in developing countries, the common international poverty line has in the past been roughly $1 a day. At present the percentage of the population living under extreme poverty is likely to fall below 10% according to the World Bank projections released in 2015. Determining the poverty line is usually done by finding the total cost of all the resources that an average human adult consumes in one year. Individual factors are used to account for various circumstances, such as whether one is a parent, elderly. The poverty threshold may be adjusted annually, charles Booth, a pioneering investigator of poverty in London at the turn of the 20th century, popularised the idea of a poverty line, a concept originally conceived by the London School Board. Booth set the line at 10 to 20 shillings per week, to secure the necessaries of a healthy life, which included fuel and light, rent, food, clothing, and household and personal items. Based on data from leading nutritionists of the period, he calculated the cheapest price for the minimum calorific intake and nutritional balance necessary and he considered this amount to set his poverty line and concluded that 27. 84% of the total population of York lived below this poverty line. Rowntree distinguished between primary poverty, those lacking in income and secondary poverty, those who had enough income, Absolute poverty is the level of poverty as defined in terms of the minimal requirements necessary to afford minimal standards of food, clothing, health care and shelter. For the measure to be absolute, the line must be the same in different countries, cultures, such an absolute measure should look only at the individuals power to consume and it should be independent of any changes in income distribution. Notice that if real income in an economy increases. Measuring poverty by a threshold has the advantage of applying the same standard across different locations and time periods. For example, a living in far northern Scandinavia requires a source of heat during colder months. The term absolute poverty is sometimes used as a synonym for extreme poverty. Absolute poverty is the absence of resources to secure basic life necessities. It depends not only on income but also on access to services, safe drinking water, Water must not come solely from rivers and ponds, and must be available nearby
18.
County seat
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A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is used in the United States, Canada, Romania, China, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, county towns have a similar function. In the United States, counties are the subdivisions of a state. Depending on the state, counties may provide services to the public, impose taxes. Some types of subdivisions, such as townships, may be incorporated or unincorporated. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its respective county, a county seat is usually, but not always, an incorporated municipality. The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia, likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey, though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township, in some of the colonial states, county seats include or formerly included Court House as part of their name. Most counties have only one county seat, an example is Harrison County, Mississippi, which lists both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats. The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult, there have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of pride for the towns involved. There are 36 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states, Coffee County, for example, the official county seat is Greensboro, but an additional courthouse has been located in nearby High Point since 1938. For example, Clearwater is the county seat of Pinellas County, Florida, in New England, the town, not the county, is the primary division of local government. Historically, counties in this region have served mainly as dividing lines for the judicial systems. Connecticut and Rhode Island have no county level of government and thus no county seats, in Vermont, Massachusetts, and Maine the county seats are legally designated shire towns. County government consists only of a Superior Court and Sheriff, both located in the shire town. Bennington County has two towns, but the Sheriff is located in Bennington. In Massachusetts, most government functions which would otherwise be performed by county governments in other states are performed by town governments. As such, Massachusetts has dissolved many of its county governments, two counties in South Dakota have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county
19.
Taos, New Mexico
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Taos /ˈtaʊs/ is a town in Taos County in the north-central region of New Mexico in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, incorporated in 1934. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,716, Other nearby communities include Ranchos de Taos, Cañon, Taos Canyon, Ranchitos, El Prado, and Arroyo Seco. The town is close to Taos Pueblo, the Native American village, Taos is the county seat of Taos County. The English name Taos derives from the native Taos language meaning place of red willows, Taos is the principal city of the Taos, NM Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Taos County. The Taos Pueblo, which borders the town of Taos on its side, has been occupied for nearly a millennium. Located in a valley off the Rio Grande, it is the most northern of the New Mexico pueblos. The pueblo, at some five stories high, is a combination of many individual homes with common walls. There are over 1,900 Taos Indians living within the greater pueblo-area community, many of them have modern homes near their fields and live there in summer months, only staying at their homes within the main North or South pueblo buildings during cooler weather. About 150 people live within the main pueblo buildings year-round, the Taos Pueblo was added as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. Taos was established c.1615 as Don Fernando de Taos, in 1680, Taos Pueblo joined the widespread Pueblo Revolt. After the Spanish Reconquest of 1692, Taos Pueblo continued armed resistance to the Spanish until 1696, during the 1770s, Taos was repeatedly raided by Comanches who lived on the plains of what is now eastern Colorado. Juan Bautista de Anza, governor of the Province of New Mexico, between 1780 and 1800, Don Fernando de Taos was established. Between 1796 and 1797 the Don Fernando de Taos Land Grant gave land to 63 Spanish families in the Taos valley and it was built as a fortified plaza with adobe buildings and is now a central plaza surrounded by residential areas. Mountain men who trapped for beaver nearby made Taos their home in the early 1800s, Mexico ceded the region to the U. S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after the Mexican–American War. New Mexico was a territory of the United States beginning 1850, for historical reasons, the American flag is displayed continuously at Taos Plaza. This derives from the time of the American Civil War, when Confederate sympathizers in the area attempted to remove the flag, the Union officer Kit Carson sought to discourage this activity by having guards surround the area and fly the flag 24 hours a day. The Padre of Isleta, Anton Docher first served as a priest in Taos before leaving for Isleta in 1891, beginning in 1899, artists began to settle in Taos, six formed the Taos Society of Artists in 1915. In time, the Taos art colony developed, many paintings were made of local scenes, especially of Taos Pueblo and activities there, as the artists often modelled Native Americans from the pueblo in their paintings
20.
Town
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A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size definition for what constitutes a town varies considerably in different parts of the world, the word town shares an origin with the German word Zaun, the Dutch word tuin, and the Old Norse tun. The German word Zaun comes closest to the meaning of the word. An early borrowing from Celtic *dunom, in English and Dutch, the meaning of the word took on the sense of the space which these fences enclosed. In England, a town was a community that could not afford or was not allowed to build walls or other larger fortifications. In the Netherlands, this space was a garden, more specifically those of the wealthy, in Old Norse tun means a place between farmhouses, and is still used in a similar meaning in modern Norwegian. If there was any distinction between toun and burgh as claimed by some, it did not last in practice as burghs, for example, Edina Burgh or Edinburgh was built around a fort and eventually came to have a defensive wall. In some cases, town is a name for city or village. Sometimes, the town is short for township. A places population size is not a determinant of urban character. In many areas of the world, as in India at least until recent times, in the United Kingdom, there are historical cities that are far smaller than the larger towns. Some forms of settlement, such as temporary mining locations, may be clearly non-rural. Towns often exist as governmental units, with legally defined borders. In the United States these are referred to as incorporated towns, in other cases the town lacks its own governance and is said to be unincorporated. Note that the existence of a town may be legally set forth through other means. In the case of planned communities, the town exists legally in the form of covenants on the properties within the town. Australian geographer Thomas Griffith Taylor proposed a classification of towns based on their age, although there is no official use of the term for any settlement. In Albanian qytezë means small city or new city, while in ancient times small residential center within the walls of a castle
21.
Red River, New Mexico
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Red River is a resort town in Taos County, New Mexico, United States located in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The population was 477 at the 2010 census, the town of Red River began in earnest in the 1870s, when miners from nearby Elizabethtown in the Moreno Valley were drawn in by gold strikes in the area and trappers sought game. It was named after the stream, Red River, that flowed through the town. By 1895, Red River was a mining camp, with gold, silver and copper in some abundance. Mining hit its peak in 1897, and by 1905 the mining, the last serious mining efforts extended until 1931. By that time tourism had become the economic livelihood. Red River is located at 36°42′23″N 105°24′19″W, Red River is located in the southern Rocky Mountains, part of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and is surrounded by the Carson National Forest. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 1.0 square mile. As of the census of 2000, there were 484 people,234 households, the population density was 474.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 880 housing units at a density of 863.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 92. 56% White,1. 03% Native American,3. 72% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 9. 30% of the population. 32. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.60. In the town, the population was out with 16. 7% under the age of 18,7. 0% from 18 to 24,27. 1% from 25 to 44,35. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 45 years, for every 100 females there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males, the median income for a household in the town was $31,667, and the median income for a family was $39,792. Males had an income of $31,667 versus $19,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,883, about 5. 4% of families and 9. 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7. 4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. The main industry in Red River is tourism, Red River is located at the base of the Red River Ski Area, located 8,750 feet above sea level in the southern Rocky Mountains
22.
Questa, New Mexico
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Questa is a village in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,767 at the 2000 census, Questa is renowned for the beautiful scenery surrounding the small, historic village. In addition to famously serene camping and stunning hikes, there are choices for cycling, mountain biking. As the Gateway to the Rio Grande del Norte Monument visitors can enjoy a scenic drive to an overlook of the Red River meeting the Rio Grande in the depth of the Gorge. The Carson National Forest parallels Questa to the east offering high mountain hiking, picnicking, camping and biking, the Columbine Hondo Wilderness and Latir Peak Wildness are found in the Carson National Forest close to Questa. The Red River is undergoing restoration to improve trout habitat with currently a section parallel to Eagle Rock Lake complete, the Historic San Antonio del Rio Colorado Church in the historic plaza of Questa symbolizing the cultural heart of Questa since the mid-1800s. After suffering a collapse of the west wall in Questa’s historic church the community came together, made with beautiful adobe and wood work it was scheduled to be completed mid-2016. The Historic church is free to the public and anyone of any faith or not of a faith is welcome to come see the jewel of Questa. With a large Hispanic population, the economy was historically largely dependent on agriculture. Many residents also commute to Taos, Red River, and Angel Fire to work in the hospitality industries there, Questa is located at 36°42′23″N 105°35′35″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 5.1 square miles. The village is a hub for the smaller outlying communities of Lama, Cerro, Sunshine Valley, Latir, Costilla. Questa is surrounded by the Rio Grande del Norte National Monument to the west, Questa lies at the western base of the Taos Mountains, part of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Rising above the town to the northeast is the Latir Peak massif, headed by Venado Peak,12,734 ft, Pinabete Peak, a southwestern outlier of the group, rises closest to Questa. To the southeast lies Flag Mountain, a spur of the group of mountains that includes Wheeler Peak. To the north and west lie the Rio Grande Gorge, cutting a volcanic plateau dotted with several peaks of origin in the Rio Grande del Norte National Monument. Questa was originally named San Antonio del Rio Colorado, later, a U. S. postmaster changed its name to Questa. The postmaster misspelled the name — according to Spanish spelling rules, it should have been spelled Cuesta, despite the error, the village has kept the name
23.
Taos Ski Valley, New Mexico
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Taos Ski Valley is a village and alpine ski resort in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 69 at the 2010 census, until March 19,2008, it was one of four ski resorts in America to prohibit snowboarding. The Kachina lift, constructed in 2014, serves the highest elevation of any triple chair in the North American Continent, the village was originally settled by a group of miners in the 1800s, but in 1955 Ernie and Rhoda Blake founded the area as a ski mountain. The village was incorporated in 1996, in 2013, Taos Ski Valley, Inc. was sold by the founding family to billionaire conservationist Louis Bacon. It has 110 trails with 24% beginner, 25% intermediate and 51% advanced/expert, the Ernie Blake Snowsports School is one of the highest rated ski schools in North America. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 2.4 square miles. Taos Ski Valley is the highest municipality in the US, sited at an elevation of 9,207 feet, however, the village limits reach 12,581 feet, wheeler Peak, the tallest mountain in New Mexico at 13,161 feet, overlooks the village. In the 1800s the site was the copper mining town of Twining. Present day Taos Ski Valley was founded in 1955 by Ernie and they lived in an eleven-foot camper in the absence of any buildings in the area except almost-completed Hondo Lodge. Even after moving into the lodge, they lived without power until 1963, Ernie and Rhoda had been living in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Ernie was managing the Santa Fe Ski Basin, the first ski lift, a J-Bar, was installed in 1956. Until 1957, the ski resort featured only one ski slope, in 1957, the resort installed a second lift—a Poma lift. Blake was for a time involved in the management of the resort, answering the phone. In December 2013, the billionaire Louis Bacon purchased Taos Ski Valley from the Blake family, tourism is the villages main industry. As of the 2011-2012 season Taos Ski Valley Corporation employed approximately 700 people during winter months, in an average year $47 million are spent in the local economy of Taos Ski Valley. About $12 million is from ski operations alone, the community is a popular summer and fall vacation destination. In 2005,55 businesses operated in Taos Ski Valley, lodging options include hotels, private home rentals, condominiums and alpine styled bed and breakfasts. The town of Taos, located 30 minutes drive down the canyon, as of the 2010 census, the Village held 69 people and 272 housing units, with only 14. 3% occupied
24.
Arroyo Seco, New Mexico
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Arroyo Seco is an unincorporated community in Taos County near Taos, New Mexico, United States. Arroyo Secos economy is based on tourism and services to residents of retirement, Arroyo Seco has a post office, with the ZIP code 87514. Arroyo Secoss elevation is 7,634 feet, Arroyo Seco was settled in 1804, on a Spanish land grant made on October 7,1745. The Church of the Most Holy Trinity was completed in 1834, overlooking Arroyo Seco stands Lucero Peak, a 10,780 foot rock formation. Housed in the Peak is a cave that is sacred to the local Native American population of Taos Pueblo. The cave inspired D. H. Lawrences short story The Woman who Rode Away after he visited it in May 1924 with Mabel Dodge Luhan, her husband Tony, Arroyo Secos annual Fourth of July parade is locally popular. Arroyo Seco village website Arroyo Seco profile at Sangres. com, with photo gallery
25.
Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico
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Picuris Pueblo is a census-designated place in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 86 at the 2000 census, the Pueblo people are from the Tiwa ethnic group of Native Americans. Picurís Pueblo is a member of the Eight Northern Pueblos, the Pueblo of the Picuris is a federally recognized tribe, whose headquarters is in Peñasco, New Mexico. Their own name for their pueblo is Pinguiltha, meaning mountain warrior place or mountain pass place and they speak the Picuris language, a dialect of the Northern Tiwa language, part of the Tanoan language family. Their tribal officers, led by a governor, are elected every two years. Located within the Pueblo are the San Lorenzo de Picurís church and the Picuris Pueblo Museum, Picuris is particularly known for its micaceous pottery. Excavated dwellings are located within the pueblo, self-guided tours and permits for photography within the pueblo are available to visitors. Visitors may fish for trout at Pu-La Lake by contacting the Picurís Pueblo Fish & Game, there are also picnic and campground facilities. The Picuris people previously lived in an earlier, larger village of about 3,000 people now known as Pot Creek and they migrated to the present location along the Rio Pueblo de Taos about 1250 CE. In the 15th century it was one of the largest Tiwa pueblos, influenced by Apache and other Plains Indian cultures, following this period the people of the pueblo were dispersed and had abandoned their pueblo until 1706. At that time joined with the Spanish to fight against attacks by Comanche and Apache tribes. Then, the Picuris pueblo people settled into a peaceful period, Spanish explorer Don Juan de Oñate named the pueblo Pikuria - which means those who paint. The pueblo was influenced by the Spanish, particularly adoption of Christian religious practices and letting go of traditional rituals, the San Lorenzo de Picurís church was built of adobe by 1776 and was restored in the 21st century. Having been influenced by the Spanish and then the Americans for centuries and they resumed their traditional customs, which are performed throughout the year, and became self-governing again in the mid 1920s. The pueblo maintains a herd of buffalo. In 1990,147 of the 1,882 enrolled tribal members lived in the pueblo, however and it is now one of the smallest Tiwa pueblos. Children attend school in a nearby town, most of the adults are employed off of the reservation. In 1991, the tribe opened the four-star Hotel Santa Fe and their major feast day is San Lorenzos Day on August 10, during which people of all ages engage in races and the Sunset Dance held on August 9
26.
Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico
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Ranchos de Taos is a census-designated place in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 2,390 at the 2000 census, the historic district is the Ranchos de Taos Plaza, which includes the San Francisco de Asis Mission Church. In 1725, the settlement that was originally called Las Trampas de Taos became the permanent Spanish settlement called Ranchos de Taos, Spanish settlers of the Taos valley moved into the Taos Pueblo for safety from attacks from Plains Indians. In 1772 a mission church was begun, between 1796 and 1797, land from the Don Fernando de Taos Land Grant was given to 63 Spanish families. In 1815 the San Francisco de Asis Mission Church was completed, the Taos region population grew as the result of land grants made by Mexico between 1821 and 1846. Ranchos de Taos is located about 4 miles southwest of Taos, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.4 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,390 people,984 households, the population density was 705.9 people per square mile. There were 1,083 housing units at a density of 319.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 62. 34% White,0. 17% African American,1. 88% Native American,0. 46% Asian,0. 08% Pacific Islander,31. 97% from other races, and 3. 10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 75. 31% of the population,30. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the family size was 3.05. In the CDP, the population was out with 25. 8% under the age of 18,7. 5% from 18 to 24,28. 2% from 25 to 44,26. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $32,045. Males had an income of $23,750 versus $18,382 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,988, about 13. 8% of families and 15. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22. 6% of those under age 18 and 4. 7% of those age 65 or over. High Road to Taos, New Mexico Sandra DEmilio, Suzan Campbell, spirit and Vision, Images of Ranchos De Taos Church, Essays
27.
Rio Lucio, New Mexico
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Rio Lucio is a census-designated place in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 379 at the 2000 census, rio Lucio is located at 36°11′30″N 105°43′10″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 1.1 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 379 people,146 households, the population density was 354.8 people per square mile. There were 187 housing units at a density of 175.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 35. 36% White,3. 43% Native American,55. 94% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 93. 40% of the population. 20. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 2.94. In the CDP, the population was out with 26. 6% under the age of 18,7. 7% from 18 to 24,26. 1% from 25 to 44,24. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.1 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $24,107, and the median income for a family was $22,292. Males had an income of $23,393 versus $20,375 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,827, about 17. 9% of families and 21. 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36. 9% of those under age 18 and 26. 3% of those age 65 or over. Rio Lucio profile at City Data
28.
Talpa, New Mexico
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Talpa, New Mexico is a settlement in Taos County, New Mexico,6 miles south of the town of Taos along New Mexico highway 518. First named Rio Chiquito for the running through the area. The settlement is on the old Spanish land grant of Don Cristobal de la Sena, the name of the town may have been derived from the town of Talpa in Jalisco, Mexico or it may have been named for Señora Talpa Romero, of a prominent Taos family. About 1820 a private chapel was built for the Duran family in Talpa along the Rio Chiquito, juan Pedro Cruz was a well-known weaver who supplied sarapes, embroidered bedspreads, and rugs to residents of the Taos Pueblo and local villages. Ponce de Leon Hot Springs, used by Native Americans and early Spanish settlers, are located near Talpa, high Road to Taos, New Mexico Pot Creek Cultural Site, located just south of Talpa
29.
Taos Pueblo, New Mexico
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Taos Pueblo is a census-designated place in Taos County, New Mexico, in the Southwestern United States, and is located north of Taos. The population was 1,264 at the 2000 census, Taos Pueblo is located at 36°26′55″N 105°33′14″W. Rio Pueblo de Taos passes through Taos Pueblo, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 15.6 square miles, all land. Taos Pueblo is the only living Native American community designated both a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and a National Historic Landmark, the multi-storied Taos Pueblo adobe buildings have been continuously inhabited for over 1000 years. It is the longest continuously inhabited place in the entire country, as of the census of 2000, there were 1,264 people,441 households, and 316 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 80.9 people per square mile, there were 682 housing units at an average density of 43.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 2. 93% White,95. 02% Native American,0. 40% Pacific Islander,0. 32% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 11% of the population. 25. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.39. In the CDP, the population was out with 26. 1% under the age of 18,8. 5% from 18 to 24,28. 8% from 25 to 44,22. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.0 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $20,682, and the median income for a family was $23,867. Males had an income of $19,861 versus $18,333 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,002, about 27. 4% of families and 31. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36. 3% of those under age 18 and 38. 0% of those age 65 or over. Ancient Pueblo Peoples Puebloan peoples Official website Indianpueblo. org—Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, Taos Pueblo unesco. org, Taos Pueblo — UNESCO World Heritage Centre
30.
Vadito, New Mexico
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Vadito is a census-designated place in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. It is on the scenic High Road to Taos, the population was 270 at the 2010 census. Vadito is located at 36°11′26″N 105°40′8″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.9 square mile, all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 270 people,108 households, the population density was 300.0 people per square mile. There were 133 housing units at a density of 147.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 60. 0% White,0. 7% Native American,28. 5% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 92. 2% of the population. 25. 0% of all households were made up of individuals with almost half,12. 0%. The average household size was 2.50 and the family size was 3.01. The percentage of renters was only 15. 7%, with the rest of the householders owning their own homes,18. 8% of the available housing was vacant. In the CDP, the population was out with 26. 3% aged 19 and under,22. 2% from 20 to 39,29. 6% from 40 to 59. The median age was 42 years, the median age for females was 3.5 years older than males. For every 100 females there were 97.1 males, as of 2000, the median income for a household in the CDP was $16,875, and the median income for a family was $20,625. Males had an income of $31,875 versus $4,375 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,481. About 41. 1% of families and 35. 8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 52. 8% of those under the age of eighteen and 8. 1% of those sixty five or over
31.
Unincorporated area
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Occasionally, municipalities dissolve or disincorporate, which may happen if they become fiscally insolvent, and services become the responsibility of a higher administration. In some countries, such as in Brazil, Japan, France or the United Kingdom, unlike many other countries, Australia has only one level of local government immediately beneath state and territorial governments. A local government area often contains several towns and even entire cities, thus, aside from very sparsely populated areas and a few other special cases, almost all of Australia is part of an LGA. Unincorporated areas are often in locations, cover vast areas or have very small populations. Postal addresses in unincorporated areas, as in parts of Australia. Thus, there is any ambiguity regarding addresses in unincorporated areas. The Australian Capital Territory has no municipalities and is in some sense an unincorporated area, the territorial government is directly responsible for matters normally carried out by local government. The far west and north of New South Wales constitutes the Unincorporated Far West Region, a civil servant in the state capital manages such matters as are necessary. The second unincorporated area of state is Lord Howe Island. In the Northern Territory,1. 45% of the area and 4. In South Australia, 60% of the area is unincorporated and communities located within can receive services provided by a state agency. Firstly, the remote area that is unincorporated is the Abrolhos Islands. Secondly, the unincorporated areas are A-class reserves either in, or close to. In Canada, depending on the province, a settlement is one that does not have a municipal council that governs solely over the settlement. It is usually, but not always, part of a municipal government. This can range from hamlets to large urbanized areas that are similar in size to towns. In British Columbia, unincorporated settlements lie outside municipal boundaries entirely, Unincorporated settlements with a population of between 100 and 1,000 residents may have the status of designated place in Canadian census data. In some provinces, large tracts of undeveloped wilderness or rural country are unorganized areas that fall directly under the provincial jurisdiction
