Chanceford Township is a township located in the southeastern portion of York County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,935 at the 2020 census. The township is home to several campsites, Allegro Vineyards, and Apollo Park. The Mason-Dixon Trail runs through the township, and it borders the Susquehanna River on the east.

Johnson Kelly Duncan was one of the few generals in the Confederate States Army (CSA) during the American Civil War who was born and raised in the North. An antebellum officer in the U.S. Army, Duncan commanded the Confederate forts defending New Orleans during the Union Navy's successful attacks that led to the fall of the South's largest city.